Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau: Difference between revisions

Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau
*Ordre du Lion d'Or de la Maison de Nassau*
*Huisorde van de Gouden Leeuw van Nassau*
Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau; Ordre du Lion d'Or de la Maison de Nassau; Huisorde van de Gouden Leeuw van Nassau ;
	Plaque, badge and ribbon of the order
Awarded by Grand Duke of Luxembourg; King of the Netherlands
Type	Luxembourg: National Order; Netherlands: House Order
Established	31 March 1858
Ribbon	Orange moiré edged in blue
Motto	Je maintiendrai ("I will maintain")
Awarded for	Luxembourg: sovereigns, princes of sovereign houses and heads of state for meritorious service to the Grand Duke and country; Netherlands: for people who have rendered special service to the Royal House
Status	Currently constituted
Grand Masters	Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg; King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
Chancellor	Henri Ahlborn
Grades	Knight
Former grades	Grand Cross, Grand Officer, Commander, Officer
Statistics
Last induction	Queen Letizia of Spain (2024)
Precedence
Next (higher)	Luxembourg: None (highest); Netherlands: Order of Orange-Nassau
Next (lower)	Luxembourg: Order of Adolphe of Nassau; Netherlands: Order of the House of Orange
	; Ribbon bar of the order; ;

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The Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau (French: Ordre du Lion d'Or de la Maison de Nassau, Dutch: Huisorde van de Gouden Leeuw van Nassau) is a chivalric order shared by the two branches of the House of Nassau (the Ottonian and Walramian lines).^[1]

In the context of the elder Walramian line, this order is the highest Luxembourgian national order and is bestowed by the Grand Duke of Luxembourg.^[1] It may be awarded to sovereigns, princes of sovereign houses and heads of state for meritorious service to Luxembourg and the Grand Duke.^[1]

In the context of the younger Ottonian line, this order is a house order (dynastic order) of the Dutch Royal House of Orange-Nassau and is awarded as a personal gift by the King of the Netherlands. In this case, the honour is conferred on a person who has rendered special service to the Royal House.^[3]

History

1858–1892

The order was founded with royal grand-ducal decree on 31 March 1858 by King-Grand Duke William III. The sovereignty of the order was to be shared between both branches of the House of Nassau, by virtue of an agreement between William III, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg, and Adolphe, Duke of Nassau and future Grand Duke of Luxembourg.^[1] The order originally included only one grade (i.e. Knight), but was increased to four by William III in 1873:

Grand Cross
Grand Officer
Officer
Knight

The further rank of Commander (in between Grand Officer and Officer) was introduced in 1882.^[1]

None of the changes made by William III were confirmed by Adolphe, with whom the order was supposed to be shared, and Adolphe refused to award any of the new grades.^[1] When William III died without a male heir, the grand duchy of Luxembourg passed to Adolphe, as dictated by the Nassau Family Pact.

1892–present

Two years later, in 1892, Adolphe abolished the grades that William III had created unilaterally and, to this day, the order has maintained just one grade, i.e. that of Knight.^[1] In 1905, Adolphe agreed with Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands to once again share sovereignty of the order between both ruling branches of the House of Nassau.^[1]

At the present time, King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands and Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg are joint Grand Masters of the Order of the Gold Lion of Nassau.

The order is conferred only on rare occasions in the Netherlands or Luxembourg. For example, the former Dutch Foreign Secretaries Max van der Stoel and Pieter Kooijmans were made knights of this order by the Queen of the Netherlands. In 1999, the two Grand Masters made the South African President Nelson Mandela a knight during his state visit to the Netherlands (see Nelson Mandela awards).

Insignia

A knight wears the order's badge on a sash on the right shoulder, and the plaque (breast star) of the order on the left chest.

The badge of the order is a white-enamelled golden Maltese Cross, with the golden monogram "N" between the arms of the cross. The obverse central disc is in blue enamel, bearing the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau. The reverse central disc is also blue enamelled, with the motto Je maintiendrai ("I will maintain") in gold.
The plaque is an 8-pointed star with straight silver rays; the same obverse of the badge of the order appears at its centre, surrounded by the motto Je maintiendrai in gold letters on white enamel.
The ribbon of the sash of the order is yellow-orange moiré with a small blue stripe at each edge.

Award criteria

"Honorary distinctions of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg":^[1]

The Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau can be conferred on sovereigns and on princes of sovereign houses and, nowadays, also on heads of state, for meritorious service to the Grand Duke and country. The bestowal of the insignia is carried out by the Grand Duke or his specially appointed official representative. The brevet is awarded in agreement with the head of the Ottonian branch of the House of Nassau (The Netherlands).

Princes and Princesses of the House of Nassau

Princes who are sons or brothers of the heads of the two lines of the House of Nassau are born knights of the order.^[1] In 1984, Queen Beatrix and Grand Duke Jean made an agreement that princesses (daughters of the heads of the two lines of the House of Nassau) may be admitted when they reach the age of majority (18).^[4]

On 16 February 2009, Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg received the order on her 18th birthday. Now that King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands is the head of the Dutch branch, his daughter Princess Ariane of the Netherlands is entitled to receive the order on her 18th birthday. His eldest daughter, Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange received the order upon her 18th birthday on 7 December 2021. Followed by his middle daughter Princess Alexia of the Netherlands on her 18th birthday on 26 June 2023.

Recipients

Grand Masters

Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (Current)
Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (Current)
William III of the Netherlands (Founder)

Grand Crosses

Knights

References

Legislative texts (French and German):
- Constitution, Art. 41. "The Grand-Duke awards the civil and military orders, while observing about this what the law provides."
- Constitution, Art. 45. "The dispositions taken by the Grand-Duc must be counter-signed by a responsible member of the Government."
- Mémorial A n° 48 of 27.11.1857, Ordonnance royale grand-ducale du 25 novembre 1857 concernant les ordres civils et militaires (General provision about orders in Luxembourg)
- Mémorial A n° 13 of 05.05.1858, Arrêté royal grand-ducal du 31 mars 1858 concernant l'institution d'un Ordre commun aux deux branches de la Maison de Nassau, sous le nom de: «Ordre du Lion d'or de la Maison de Nassau» (Foundation of the Order)
- Mémorial A n° 10 of 28.03.1873, Arrêté royal grand-ducal du 13 mars 1873 concernant l'ordre du Lion d'or de la Maison de Nassau (Creation of new classes in 1873)
- Mémorial A n° 24 du 07.04.1882, Arrêté royal grand-ducal du 29 mars 1882 portant modification des statuts de l'Ordre du Lion d'or de la Maison de Nassau (Modification of statutes )
- Mémorial A n° 10 of 05.03.1892, Arrêté grand-ducal du 22 février 1892 modifiant les statuts de l'ordre du Lion d'or de la Maison de Nassau (Statutes)
- Mémorial A n° 48 of 07.09.1905 Arrêté grand-ducal du 27 août 1905 concernant l'Ordre du Lion d'Or de la Maison de Nassau

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l "Honorary distinctions of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg" (PDF). Service Information et Presse. Retrieved 2007-09-21.^{[dead link]}
^ Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (4 April 2024). "Woensdag 17 april - Staatsbezoeken - Het Koninklijk Huis". www.koninklijkhuis.nl (in Dutch).
^ Orders for services to the Royal House - description at the website of the Dutch Royal House (Dutch language)
^ "Huisorden". www.koninklijkhuis.nl (in Dutch). September 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2017. De Prinsen, zoons en broers van de Hoofden der beide linies zijn vanaf hun geboorte al ridder in deze Huisorde. In 1984 sloot Koningin Beatrix een overeenkomst met de Groothertog van Luxemburg, waarin werd vastgelegd dat prinsessen, dochters van de hoofden van één van beide takken, ook de graad van Ridder krijgen als zij meerderjarig worden.

External links

[Honorary_distinctions-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l "Honorary distinctions of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg" (PDF). Service Information et Presse. Retrieved 2007-09-21.^{[dead link]}

[2] Zaken, Ministerie van Algemene (4 April 2024). "Woensdag 17 april - Staatsbezoeken - Het Koninklijk Huis". www.koninklijkhuis.nl (in Dutch).

[koninklijkhuis-3] Orders for services to the Royal House - description at the website of the Dutch Royal House (Dutch language)

[4] "Huisorden". www.koninklijkhuis.nl (in Dutch). September 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2017. De Prinsen, zoons en broers van de Hoofden der beide linies zijn vanaf hun geboorte al ridder in deze Huisorde. In 1984 sloot Koningin Beatrix een overeenkomst met de Groothertog van Luxemburg, waarin werd vastgelegd dat prinsessen, dochters van de hoofden van één van beide takken, ook de graad van Ridder krijgen als zij meerderjarig worden.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Chivalric order in Luxembourg and Netherlands}}
 {{About|the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau||Order of the Lion (disambiguation){{!}}Order of the Lion}}
@@ Line 21: / Line 22: @@
 |established     = 31 March 1858
 |first_induction =
+|last_induction  = Queen Letizia of Spain (2024)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Zaken |first1=Ministerie van Algemene |title=Woensdag 17 april - Staatsbezoeken - Het Koninklijk Huis |url=https://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/onderwerpen/staatsbezoeken/inkomende-staatsbezoeken/staatsbezoek-koning-en-koningin-van-spanje/woensdag-17-april-2024 |website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl |language=nl-NL |date=4 April 2024}}</ref>
-|last_induction  =
 |total           =
 |recipients      =
@@ Line 39: / Line 40: @@
 ===1858&ndash;1892===
-The order was founded by royal grand-ducal decree on 31 March 1858 by [[King-Grand Duke]] [[William III of the Netherlands|William III]].  The sovereignty of the order was to be shared between both branches of the [[House of Nassau]], under an agreement between William III, [[King of the Netherlands]] and [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], and [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Adolphe]], [[Duke of Nassau]] and future Grand Duke of Luxembourg.<ref name="Honorary distinctions" />  The order originally included only one grade (i.e. Knight), but was increased to four by William III in 1873:
+The order was founded with royal grand-ducal decree on 31 March 1858 by [[King-Grand Duke]] [[William III of the Netherlands|William III]].  The sovereignty of the order was to be shared between both branches of the [[House of Nassau]], by virtue of an agreement between William III, [[King of the Netherlands]] and [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], and [[Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Adolphe]], [[Duke of Nassau]] and future Grand Duke of Luxembourg.<ref name="Honorary distinctions" />  The order originally included only one grade (i.e. ''Knight''), but was increased to four by William III in 1873:
-# Grand Cross
+# ''Grand Cross''
-# Grand Officer
+# ''Grand Officer''
-# Officer
+# ''Officer''
-# Knight
+# ''Knight''
-The further rank of Commander (in between Grand Officer and Officer) was introduced in 1882.<ref name="Honorary distinctions" />
+The further rank of ''Commander'' (in between Grand Officer and Officer) was introduced in 1882.<ref name="Honorary distinctions" />
+None of the changes made by William III were confirmed by Adolphe, with whom the order was supposed to be shared, and Adolphe refused to award any of the new grades.<ref name="Honorary distinctions" />  When William III died without a male heir, the grand duchy of Luxembourg passed to Adolphe, as dictated by the [[Nassau Family Pact]].
-===1892&ndash;present===
+===1892&ndash;present===
-None of the changes made by William III were confirmed by Adolphe, with whom the order was supposed to be shared, and Adolphe refused to award any of the new grades.<ref name="Honorary distinctions" />  When William III died without a male heir, the grand duchy of Luxembourg passed to Adolphe, as dictated by the [[Nassau Family Pact]]. Two years later, he abolished the grades that William III had created unilaterally and, to this day, the order has maintained just one grade, that of Knight.<ref name="Honorary distinctions" />  In 1905, Adolphe agreed with [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]] to once again share sovereignty of the order between both ruling branches of the House of Nassau.<ref name="Honorary distinctions" />
+Two years later, in 1892, Adolphe abolished the grades that William III had created unilaterally and, to this day, the order has maintained just one grade, i.e. that of ''Knight''.<ref name="Honorary distinctions" />  In 1905, Adolphe agreed with [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]] to once again share sovereignty of the order between both ruling branches of the House of Nassau.<ref name="Honorary distinctions" />
 At the present time, [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands]] and [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg]] are joint Grand Masters of the Order of the Gold Lion of Nassau.
@@ Line 74: / Line 76: @@
 Princes who are sons or brothers of the heads of the two lines of the House of Nassau are born knights of the order.<ref name="Honorary distinctions" /> In 1984, Queen Beatrix and Grand Duke Jean made an agreement that princesses (daughters of the heads of the two lines of the House of Nassau) may be admitted when they reach the age of majority (18).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/onderwerpen/onderscheidingen/inhoud/huisorden |title=Huisorden |website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl |date=September 2015 |language=nl-NL |access-date=12 June 2017 |quote=De Prinsen, zoons en broers van de Hoofden der beide linies zijn vanaf hun geboorte al ridder in deze Huisorde. In 1984 sloot Koningin Beatrix een overeenkomst met de Groothertog van Luxemburg, waarin werd vastgelegd dat prinsessen, dochters van de hoofden van één van beide takken, ook de graad van Ridder krijgen als zij meerderjarig worden. }}</ref>
-On 16 February 2009, [[Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg]] received the order on her 18th birthday. Now that King [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands]] is the head of the Dutch branch, his daughters [[Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange]], [[Princess Alexia of the Netherlands]] and [[Princess Ariane of the Netherlands]] are also entitled to receive the order on their 18th birthday.
+On 16 February 2009, [[Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg]] received the order on her 18th birthday. Now that King [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands]] is the head of the Dutch branch, his daughter [[Princess Ariane of the Netherlands]] is entitled to receive the order on her 18th birthday. His eldest daughter, [[Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange]] received the order upon her 18th birthday on 7 December 2021. Followed by his middle daughter [[Princess Alexia of the Netherlands]] on her 18th birthday on 26 June 2023.
 == Recipients ==
-{{Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=|gap=4em}}
 ;Grand Masters
 * [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]] (Current)
 * [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands]] (Current)
 * [[William III of the Netherlands]] (Founder)
 ;Grand Crosses
+{{Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=|gap=4em}}
 * [[Charles Augustus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1844–1894)]]
-* [[Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg]]
-* [[Princess Christina of the Netherlands]]
-* [[Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld]]
 * [[Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
 * [[Walthère Frère-Orban]]
+{{Div col end}}
-* [[Otto von Habsburg]]
-* [[Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium]]
-* [[Queen Paola of Belgium]]
-* [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]]
-* [[Princess Tenagnework]]
 ;Knights
+{{Div col|colwidth=15em|rules=|gap=4em}}
 * [[Akihito]]
 * [[Albert I of Belgium]]
 * [[Albert II of Belgium]]
-* [[Albert of Saxony]]
+* [[Albert, King of Saxony|Albert of Saxony]]
 * [[Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen]]
 * [[Alexander II of Russia]]
 * [[Alexander of Battenberg]]
+* [[Princess Alexia of the Netherlands]]
 * [[Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine]]
 * [[Princess Alexandra of Luxembourg]]
@@ Line 120: / Line 119: @@
 * [[Prince Charles, Count of Flanders]]
 * [[Prince Charles of Luxembourg (born 2020)]]
+* [[Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg]]
 * [[Christian IX of Denmark]]
 * [[Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands]]
 * [[Constantine II of Greece]]
+* [[Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld]]
 * [[Edward VII]]
 * [[Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium]]
-* [[List of titles and honours of Elizabeth II]]
+* [[List of titles and honours of Elizabeth II|Elizabeth II of Great Britain]]
 * [[Prince Ernest Augustus, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale]]
 * [[Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg]]
@@ Line 157: / Line 158: @@
 * [[Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]]
 * [[Prince Johann of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]
-* [[John of Saxony]]
+* [[John, King of Saxony|John of Saxony]]
 * [[Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria]]
+* [[Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium]]
 * [[Juliana of the Netherlands]]
 * [[Archduke Karl Ferdinand of Austria]]
@@ Line 168: / Line 170: @@
 * [[Leopold III, Prince of Lippe]]
 * [[Prince Leopold of Bavaria]]
+* [[Walter von Loë]]
 * [[Émile Loubet]]
 * [[Louis III, Grand Duke of Hesse]]
@@ Line 184: / Line 187: @@
 * [[Oscar I of Sweden]]
 * [[Oscar II]]
+* [[Otto von Habsburg]]
+* [[Queen Paola of Belgium]]
 * [[Duke Peter of Oldenburg]]
-* [[List of titles and honours of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
+* [[List of titles and honours of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
 * [[Philippe of Belgium]]
 * [[Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders]]
@@ Line 191: / Line 196: @@
 * [[Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria]]
 * [[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco]]
+* [[Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa]]
 * [[Jan Jacob Rochussen]]
 * [[Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria]]
@@ Line 196: / Line 202: @@
 * [[Prince William of Schaumburg-Lippe]]
 * [[Walter Scheel]]
+* [[Rudolf Schuster]]
 * [[Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg]]
+* [[Queen Letizia of Spain]]
 * [[Queen Silvia of Sweden]]
-* [[List of titles and honours of Queen Sofía of Spain]]
+* [[List of titles and honours of Queen Sofía of Spain|Queen Sofía of Spain]]
 * [[Queen Sonja of Norway]]
+* [[Catharina-Amalia, Princess of Orange]]
 * [[Konstantinos Stephanopoulos]]
 * [[Archduke Stephen of Austria (Palatine of Hungary)]]
 * [[Max van der Stoel]]
+* [[Princess Tenagnework]]
 * [[Josip Broz Tito]]
 * [[Prince Valdemar of Denmark]]
+* [[Karl von Wedel]]
 * [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]]
 * [[William I, German Emperor]]
@@ Line 227: / Line 238: @@
 {{reflist}}
+==External links==
+{{commons category|Order of Orange-Nassau}}
+* {{Official website|https://www.royal-house.nl/topics/decorations-and-honours/orders-in-the-monarch%E2%80%99s-gift|Orders in the monarch’s gift: The Order of the Golden Lion of Nassau – official website of the Royal House of the Netherlands}}
+* {{Official website|https://sip.gouvernement.lu/dam-assets/publications/brochure-livre/minist-etat/sip/brochure/Distinctions_honorifique/Distinctions_honorifiques-EN.pdf|Honorary distinctions of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg: The Order of the Gold Lion of Nassau – official website of the Information and Press Service (SIP) of the Luxembourg Government}}
 {{Dutch honours}}

v t e Orders, decorations, and medals of the Netherlands
National orders	Military Order of William Order of the Netherlands Lion Order of Orange-Nassau
House orders	Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau Order of the House of Orange Order for Loyalty and Merit Order of the Crown
Other orders	Order of Saint John in the Netherlands Teutonic Order, Bailiwick of Utrecht Order of the Golden Ark
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v t e Orders, decorations, and medals of Luxembourg
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Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel	House Order of the Golden Lion Wilhelm Order Order of the Iron Helmet
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Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg) House Order of the Wendish Crown
Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz	Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg) House Order of the Wendish Crown
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg	House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis Friedrich-August Cross
Duchy of Saxe-Weimar	Order of the White Falcon
Duchy of Brunswick	Order of Henry the Lion
Duchy of Nassau	Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau Order of Adolphe of Nassau
Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg	Saxe-Ernestine House Order
Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha	Saxe-Ernestine House Order (2006: Saxe-Coburg-Gotha House Order)
Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen	Saxe-Ernestine House Order
Duchy of Anhalt	Order of Albert the Bear Order of Merit for Science and Art
Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen	House Order of Hohenzollern
Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen	House Order of Hohenzollern
Principality of Lippe-Detmold	Order of the Cross of Honour (Lippe) Order of Leopold (Lippe) Order of Berta Order of the Rose of Lippe
Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe	Order of the Cross of Honour (Lippe)
Principality of Reuss	Order of the Cross of Honour (Reuss)
Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt	Order of the Cross of Honour (Schwarzburg)
Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen	Order of the Cross of Honour (Schwarzburg)
Free cities	Hanseatic Cross