United Kingdom National Renewable Energy Action Plan: Difference between revisions
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The '''United Kingdom National Renewable Energy Action Plan''' was the [[National Renewable Energy Action Plan]] (NREAP) for the [[United Kingdom]] in the 2010s. The plan was commissioned by the [[Directive 2009/28/EC]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dewar |first= John |last2=Duman |first2=Seyda |date=23 September 2019 |title=The legal framework for renewable energy in United Kingdom |url=https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=94aaa9f7-5e78-443b-a6b0-aa0a5bc532ec |access-date=22 February 2024 |website=Lexology |language=en |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240222061131/https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=94aaa9f7-5e78-443b-a6b0-aa0a5bc532ec | archive-date=22 February 2024}}</ref> which required [[Member States of the European Union]] to notify the [[European Commission]] with a road map for achieving legally binding renewable energy targets.<ref name=EEA>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/national-renewable-energy-action-plan |title=National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) data from Member States |publisher=European Environment Agency |date=24 February 2011 |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230324234505/https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/national-renewable-energy-action-plan/ |archive-date=24 March 2023}}</ref> |
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{{More footnotes|date=August 2011}} |
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The '''United Kingdom National Renewable Energy Action Plan''' is the [[National Renewable Energy Action Plan]] (NREAP) for the [[United Kingdom]]. The plan was commissioned by the [[Directive 2009/28/EC]] which required [[Member States of the European Union]] to notify the European Commission with a road map. The report describes how the United Kingdom planned to achieve its legally binding target of a 15% share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy by 2020. |
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The report described how the United Kingdom planned to achieve its legally binding target of 15 per cent share of energy from [[renewable sources]] by 2020.<ref name=EEA></ref><ref name=CORE>{{Cite web|url= https://core.ac.uk/download/80600299.pdf |title= Fulfilment of National Objectives under the Renewable Energy Directive: State of play and projections |last1=Hassel |first1=Arndt |last2=Nicolescu |first2=Razvan |last3=Egenhofer |first3=Christian |last4=Nica |first4=Andreea |last5=Elisei |first5=Sorin |publisher=CEPS Policy Insights |date=February 2017 |access-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20240417222411/https://core.ac.uk/download/80600299.pdf |archive-date=17 April 2024}}</ref> |
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== Main targets in UK == |
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| ⚫ | The history of energy production in the UK |
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==Background== |
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The Renewable Energy Directive (2009) sets a target for the UK to achieve 15% of its energy consumption from renewable sources by 2020. This compares to only 1.5% in 2005. There has been a small increase in renewable energy use in recent years; there must be a much greater level of deployment over the next decade in order to meet the target. |
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| ⚫ | The history of energy production in the UK had been based on natural resources of [[fossil fuels]]; meaning that the UK had not been active in exploitation of renewable resources.{{Citation needed| date=April 2024}} Compared to many other EU Member States in the 2010s, the UK started from a very low level of renewable energy consumption.{{Citation needed| date=April 2024}} |
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The share of RES heat in 2005 was 0,48 ktoe and will increase up to 6,2 Mtoe. The share will increase from 0,7% to 12%. Bioenergy in 2020 will still have the biggest share of RES heat and the amount would be 3,6 Mtoe with a seven-fold increase. |
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The consumption of RES electricity was 2005 1,5 TWh and the share 4,7%.The target for RES electricity for 2020 is 116 TWh. This means a several times increase. The biggest share will come from wind (78 TWh and capacity 2800 MW). The bioelectricity would be 20,6 TWh and from biogas 5,6 TWh. The increase for biomass would be five-fold and for biogas 120%. |
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In 2008, one year before Directive 2009/28/EC, the UK adopted the [[Climate Change Act 2008]], mandating a minimum 80 per cent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared with 1990 levels, to be achieved by 2050.<ref name=IEA>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-policies-of-iea-countries-united-kingdom-2019-review |title=Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United Kingdom 2019 Review |publisher=International Energy Agency |date=June 2019 |access-date=20 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319093112/https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/298930c2-4e7c-436e-9ad0-2fb8f1cce2c6/Energy_Policies_of_IEA_Countries_United_Kingdom_2019_Review.pdf |archive-date=19 March 2024}}</ref> |
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The RES in traffic sector was in 2005 0,188 Mtoe and the increase would be really massive, up to 4,5 Mtoe, in 2020. The share would increase from 0,2% to 10,17%. The consumption of ethanol use would be 1,7 Mtoe and biodiesel use would be 2,5 Mtoe. |
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==Efforts under the United Kingdom National Renewable Energy Action Plan== |
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* [[Renewables Directive]] |
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* [[Renewable energy policy]] |
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* [[Directive on Electricity Production from Renewable Energy Sources]] |
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The National Renewable Energy Action Plan stated that the United Kingdom aimed to source 30 per cent of electricity used, 12 per cent of heating and 10 per cent of transport energy from renewable sources.<ref name=IEA></ref> In 2013, the [[Energy Act 2013]] set decarbonisation targets for the power sector and in 2015, the UK government announced that all coal-fired power plants without carbon capture technology would be closed by 2025.<ref name=IEA></ref> |
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== Key players in UK == |
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* [http://www.decc.gov.uk/ Department of Energy and Climate Change] |
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* [http://www.freeindex.co.uk/categories/property_and_tradesmen/building_and_construction/renewble_energy_installer/ Renewable Energy Companies in the UK] |
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* [http://www.therenewableenergycentre.co.uk/trade-associations/trade-associations-and-professional-bodies/ The renewable energy centre] |
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* [http://www.r-e-a.net/ R E A - the renewable energy association in the UK] |
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* [http://www.solar-trade.org.uk/ The Solar Trade Association] |
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* [http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byB/org/org.shtml/ Renewable Energy Nonprofit Organizations in the World] |
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* [http://www.bwea.com/index.html/ RenewableUK is the voice of UK wind and marine renewables industries] |
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By the time of the [[Brexit]] referendum in 2016, the UK's [[Climate Change Committee]] was reporting that the UK would miss its 2020 targets in the plan; although the government insisted it was on target.<ref name="Guardian">{{Cite web |last=Harvey |first=Fiona |author-link=Fiona Harvey |date=9 September 2016 |title=UK will miss its 2020 renewable energy targets, warn MPs |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/09/uk-will-miss-its-2020-renewable-energy-targets-warn-mps |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214212149/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/09/uk-will-miss-its-2020-renewable-energy-targets-warn-mps |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=20 April 2024 |publisher=The Guardian}}</ref> |
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* [http://www.managenergy.net/resources/48/ Official Commission page on the RES directive] |
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==Post Brexit== |
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* [http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/index_en.htm/ Official Commission page on renewable energy] |
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* [http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/transparency_platform/action_plan_en.htm/ National Renewable Energy Action Plans] |
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In 2016, ''[[The Guardian]]'' newspaper reported that the UK was still required to meet the Plan's commitments, despite the country [[Brexit|voting to leave the European Union]].<ref name=Guardian></ref> However, European think tank [[Centre for European Policy Studies]] reported in early 2017 that the UK could revoke its commitments after [[United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union|invoking Article 50]] of the EU treaty,<ref name=CORE></ref> and in 2018, the European Commission confirmed that the EU's Renewable Energy Directive would no longer apply to the UK after Brexit was formalized<ref name=IEA></ref> (which happened in 2020).{{fact|date=April 2024}} |
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* [http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/energy/renewable_energy/l27035_en.htm/ "Renewable energy: the promotion of electricity from renewable energy sources" - from the official “Summaries of EU legislation” website] |
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* [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32009D0548:EN:NOT/ Template for the National Renewable Energy Action Plans] |
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* [http://ecn.nl/nreap/ Renewable Energy Projections as Published in the National Renewable Energy Action Plans of the European Member States] |
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{{Portal|Energy|United Kingdom}} |
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{{Clear}} |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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* [http://ec.europa.eu/energy/renewables/transparency_platform/action_plan_en.htm National Renewable Energy Action Plans] |
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* [http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/meeting_energy/renewable_ener/uk_action_plan/uk_action_plan.aspx/National Renewable Energy Action Plan for the United Kingdom Article 4 of the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC] |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}} |
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* [https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/47871/25-nat-ren-energy-action-plan.pdf National Renewable Energy Action Plan for the United Kingdom] ''([https://web.archive.org/web/20220217100448/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/47871/25-nat-ren-energy-action-plan.pdf archived from the original] on 22 December 2022)'' |
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[[Category:Renewable energy policy]] |
[[Category:Renewable energy policy]] |
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[[Category:Action plans]] |
[[Category:Action plans]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:16, 14 July 2024
The United Kingdom National Renewable Energy Action Plan was the National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) for the United Kingdom in the 2010s. The plan was commissioned by the Directive 2009/28/EC[1] which required Member States of the European Union to notify the European Commission with a road map for achieving legally binding renewable energy targets.[2]
The report described how the United Kingdom planned to achieve its legally binding target of 15 per cent share of energy from renewable sources by 2020.[2][3]
Background
[edit]The history of energy production in the UK had been based on natural resources of fossil fuels; meaning that the UK had not been active in exploitation of renewable resources.[citation needed] Compared to many other EU Member States in the 2010s, the UK started from a very low level of renewable energy consumption.[citation needed]
In 2008, one year before Directive 2009/28/EC, the UK adopted the Climate Change Act 2008, mandating a minimum 80 per cent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared with 1990 levels, to be achieved by 2050.[4]
Efforts under the United Kingdom National Renewable Energy Action Plan
[edit]The National Renewable Energy Action Plan stated that the United Kingdom aimed to source 30 per cent of electricity used, 12 per cent of heating and 10 per cent of transport energy from renewable sources.[4] In 2013, the Energy Act 2013 set decarbonisation targets for the power sector and in 2015, the UK government announced that all coal-fired power plants without carbon capture technology would be closed by 2025.[4]
By the time of the Brexit referendum in 2016, the UK's Climate Change Committee was reporting that the UK would miss its 2020 targets in the plan; although the government insisted it was on target.[5]
Post Brexit
[edit]In 2016, The Guardian newspaper reported that the UK was still required to meet the Plan's commitments, despite the country voting to leave the European Union.[5] However, European think tank Centre for European Policy Studies reported in early 2017 that the UK could revoke its commitments after invoking Article 50 of the EU treaty,[3] and in 2018, the European Commission confirmed that the EU's Renewable Energy Directive would no longer apply to the UK after Brexit was formalized[4] (which happened in 2020).[citation needed]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ Dewar, John; Duman, Seyda (23 September 2019). "The legal framework for renewable energy in United Kingdom". Lexology. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
- ^ a b "National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) data from Member States". European Environment Agency. 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ a b Hassel, Arndt; Nicolescu, Razvan; Egenhofer, Christian; Nica, Andreea; Elisei, Sorin (February 2017). "Fulfilment of National Objectives under the Renewable Energy Directive: State of play and projections" (PDF). CEPS Policy Insights. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d "Energy Policies of IEA Countries: United Kingdom 2019 Review" (PDF). International Energy Agency. June 2019. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
- ^ a b Harvey, Fiona (9 September 2016). "UK will miss its 2020 renewable energy targets, warn MPs". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
External links
[edit]- National Renewable Energy Action Plan for the United Kingdom (archived from the original on 22 December 2022)