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Charles Yale Harrison (16 June 1898 – 17 March 1954) was a Canadian-American writer and journalist, best known for his 1930 anti-war novella Generals Die in Bed.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

Background

Charles Yale Harrison was born in 1898 in Philadelphia and was raised in Montreal, Quebec, where at age 15 he wrote his first short story.

Career

At age sixteen he took an entry-level job with the Montreal Star newspaper. Harrison's journalistic career was pre-empted, however, when he enlisted with the 244th Overseas Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force in 1917 to fight in World War I. After several months in a reserve battalion in England, Harrison transferred to the Royal Montreal Regiment and was sent to the Western Front.^[2]

The climax of Harrison's war experience came on 8 August 1918 when he participated in the first day of the Battle of Amiens. Harrison was wounded in the foot and spent the rest of the war recuperating, before returning to Montreal. During the 1920s, Harrison managed a movie theatre before moving to New York City to pursue a career as a novelist, journalist, and public relations consultant. By 1928, serialized portions of Generals Die in Bed began to appear in several American and German periodicals. The same year, Harrison made headlines in The New York Times when he was arrested en route to Nicaragua, where he planned to interview the Nicaraguan dissident General Augusto César Sandino.^{[citation needed]}

Literary career

In 1930, after such anti-war books as Robert Graves's Goodbye to All That, Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms, and Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front (all published in 1929) became bestsellers, publishers took an interest in Generals Die in Bed, many elements of which resembled the other books. Harrison, who was working as a copy editor on the Bronx Home News was propelled into the spotlight when Generals Die in Bed became an international bestseller, in part due to the controversy surrounding its depiction of Canadian soldiers looting the French town of Arras and shooting unarmed German soldiers.

Although he went on to publish several more novels, none of them matched the commercial success of Generals Die in Bed. More successful were his non-fiction writings, including a 1931 biography of lawyer Clarence Darrow and a 1949 memoir entitled Thank God For My Heart Attack, an early installment in the genre of self-help books.

In the early 1930s, Harrison was an editor of the New Masses communist literary magazine in New York City while under editor-in-chief Walt Carmon.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

In 1933, following the suicide of Trotsky's daughter Zinaida, Harrison broke with the Communist Party and became a Trotskyist sympathizer.^[11] In 1936, Harrison traveled to Norway to interview Trotsky for a planned biography which was never completed.^[12]

Harrison's next novel, Meet Me on the Barricades, was a satirical look at the Spanish Civil War and its Communist supporters in America.^[13] Although the 1937 book is written in a lighter tone than Generals Die in Bed, it still contains "moments when satire gives way to something unfunny, and Harrison’s anti-war commitments come to the foreground."^[14]

Harrison's last novel, Nobody's Fool, a humorous look at the public relations industry, was published in 1948.

Harrison's archive at Columbia University contains the manuscript of No Season to Weep, an unpublished 1941 novel that follows a journalist haunted by his experiences in the Spanish Civil War.^[15]

Personal life and death

Harrison married three times; he was widowed in 1931, later remarried and divorced his second wife, and was survived by his third wife at his death. He was an uncle of novelist Judith Rossner, author of Looking for Mr. Goodbar.^[16]

Suffering from the heart condition that inspired his self-help memoir, he died in 1954.^[2]

Legacy

Columbia University has an archive of Harrison's papers, which include correspondence with: Whittaker Chambers, Clarence Darrow, Ruby Darrow, John Dos Passos, Max Eastman, Joseph Freeman, Mike Gold, Upton Sinclair, and Robert F. Wagner.^[5]

Works

Fiction

Generals Die in Bed (1930)
A Child is Born (1931)
There Are Victories (1933)
Meet Me on the Barricades (1937)
Nobody's Fool (1948)

Non-fiction

Next Please: The Story of Greco and Carillo (political pamphlet, 1927)
Clarence Darrow (biography, 1931)
Public Housing (series of pamphlets, 1937)
Labor Lawyer (ghostwritten autobiography of Louis Waldman, 1944)
Thank God For My Heart Attack (self-help, 1949)

References

^ New, William H (2002), Encyclopedia of literature in Canada, University of Toronto, p. 475, ISBN 978-0-8020-0761-2
^ ^a ^b ^c Charles Yale Harrison. Annick Press. 16 February 2005. ISBN 9780387201092. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
^ "Charles Yale Harrison". Library and Archives Canada. 10 November 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
^ Moran, Rodger J. (16 December 2016). Charles Yale Harrison. Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
^ ^a ^b "Charles Yale Harrison Papers, 1920-1954". Columbia University. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
^ "New Masses" (PDF). New Masses. October 1931. Retrieved 22 October 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "New Masses" (PDF). New Masses. December 1931. Retrieved 22 October 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "New Masses" (PDF). New Masses. January 1932. Retrieved 22 October 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ "New Masses" (PDF). New Masses. November 1932. Retrieved 22 October 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^ Wald, Alan M. (2002). Exiles From a Future Time: The Forging of the Mid-Twentieth Century Literary Left. University of North Carolina Press. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
^ Wald, Alan M. (2017). The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. University of North Carolina Press. p. 152. ISBN 9781469635958.
^ Winter, Ella (September 29, 1936). "Groups in Action". Pacific Weekly. p. 208. Retrieved December 1, 2023.
^ Sharpe, Emily Robins; Vautour, Bart (2014). "Imagining Spain: Charles Yale Harrison's 'Meet Me on the Barricades.'". The Massachusetts Review. 55 (2): 206–10. JSTOR 24494448 – via JSTOR.
^ "Background and Context | Canadian Cultural History About The Spanish Civil War". spanishcivilwar.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-07.
^ Sharpe, Emily Robins; Vautour, Bart (2014). "Imagining Spain: Charles Yale Harrison's 'Meet Me on the Barricades.'". The Massachusetts Review. 55 (2): 206–10. JSTOR 24494448 – via JSTOR.
^ Rossner, Judith Louise. The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives. 2001. Retrieved 22 October 2018.

External links

Works by Charles Yale Harrison at Faded Page (Canada)
Library of Congress: First houses Narrative, Charles Yale Harrison
Finding aid to Charles Yale Harrison papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.

[1] New, William H (2002), Encyclopedia of literature in Canada, University of Toronto, p. 475, ISBN 978-0-8020-0761-2

[Annick-2] Charles Yale Harrison. Annick Press. 16 February 2005. ISBN 9780387201092. Retrieved 22 October 2018.

[3] "Charles Yale Harrison". Library and Archives Canada. 10 November 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2018.

[4] Moran, Rodger J. (16 December 2016). Charles Yale Harrison. Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 22 October 2018.

[Papers-5] "Charles Yale Harrison Papers, 1920-1954". Columbia University. Retrieved 22 October 2018.

[6] "New Masses" (PDF). New Masses. October 1931. Retrieved 22 October 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[7] "New Masses" (PDF). New Masses. December 1931. Retrieved 22 October 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[8] "New Masses" (PDF). New Masses. January 1932. Retrieved 22 October 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[9] "New Masses" (PDF). New Masses. November 1932. Retrieved 22 October 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[10] Wald, Alan M. (2002). Exiles From a Future Time: The Forging of the Mid-Twentieth Century Literary Left. University of North Carolina Press. Retrieved 22 October 2018.

[11] Wald, Alan M. (2017). The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s. University of North Carolina Press. p. 152. ISBN 9781469635958.

[12] Winter, Ella (September 29, 1936). "Groups in Action". Pacific Weekly. p. 208. Retrieved December 1, 2023.

[:0-13] Sharpe, Emily Robins; Vautour, Bart (2014). "Imagining Spain: Charles Yale Harrison's 'Meet Me on the Barricades.'". The Massachusetts Review. 55 (2): 206–10. JSTOR 24494448 – via JSTOR.

[14] "Background and Context | Canadian Cultural History About The Spanish Civil War". spanishcivilwar.ca. Retrieved 2023-04-07.

[:02-15] Sharpe, Emily Robins; Vautour, Bart (2014). "Imagining Spain: Charles Yale Harrison's 'Meet Me on the Barricades.'". The Massachusetts Review. 55 (2): 206–10. JSTOR 24494448 – via JSTOR.

[16] Rossner, Judith Louise. The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives. 2001. Retrieved 22 October 2018.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|American author and journalist}}
-'''Charles Yale Harrison''' (16 June 1898 &ndash; 17 March 1954) was a Canadian author and journalist, best known for his 1930 [[anti-war]] novella ''[[Generals Die in Bed]]''.<ref>
+[[File:Charles Yale Harrison.jpg|thumb|Charles Yale Harrison]]
+'''Charles Yale Harrison''' (16 June 1898 &ndash; 17 March 1954) was a Canadian-American writer and journalist, best known for his 1930 [[anti-war]] novella ''[[Generals Die in Bed]]''.<ref>
 {{Citation
 | last=New |first=William H
@@ Line 5: / Line 7: @@
 | title=Encyclopedia of literature in Canada
 | page=475
-| publication-date=2002
+| date=2002
 | publisher=University of Toronto
-| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mkh2vJ_9GpEC&pg=PA475&lpg=PA475#v=onepage&q&f=false
+| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mkh2vJ_9GpEC&pg=PA475
-| isbn=978-0-8020-0761-2 }}
+| isbn=978-0-8020-0761-2 }}</ref><ref name=Annick>
+{{cite book
-</ref>
+| title=Charles Yale Harrison
+| date= 16 February 2005
+| publisher=Annick Press
+| isbn= 9780387201092
+| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Mkh2vJ_9GpEC&pg=PA475
+| accessdate = 22 October 2018}}</ref><ref>
+{{cite web
+| title=Charles Yale Harrison
+| date= 10 November 2016
+| publisher=Library and Archives Canada
+| url=https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/discover/military-heritage/first-world-war/100-stories/Pages/harrison.aspx
+| accessdate = 22 October 2018}}</ref><ref>
+{{cite book
+| first = Rodger J.
+| last = Moran
+| title=Charles Yale Harrison
+| date= 16 December 2016
+| publisher=Canadian Encyclopedia
+| url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/charles-yale-harrison
+| accessdate = 22 October 2018}}</ref><ref name=Papers>
+{{cite web
+| title=Charles Yale Harrison Papers, 1920-1954
+| date=
+| publisher=Columbia University
+| url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/archival/collections/ldpd_4078870/index.html
+| accessdate = 22 October 2018}}</ref>
-==Early life==
+==Background==
+Charles Yale Harrison was born in 1898 in [[Philadelphia]] and was raised in [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]], where at age 15 he wrote his first short story.
-Harrison was born in [[Philadelphia]] and was raised in [[Montreal]] Canada, where at age fifteen he wrote his first short story and at age sixteen took an entry-level job with the ''[[Montreal Star]]'' newspaper. Harrison's journalistic career was pre-empted, however, when he enlisted with the 244th Overseas Battalion of the [[Canadian Expeditionary Force]] in 1917 to fight in World War I. After several months in a reserve battalion in England, Harrison transferred to the Royal Montreal Regiment and was sent to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]].
+==Career==
-The climax of Harrison's war experience came on 8 August 1918 when he participated in the first day of the [[Battle of Amiens (1918)|Battle of Amiens]]. Harrison was wounded in the foot and spent the rest of the war recuperating, before returning to Montreal. During the 1920s, Harrison managed a [[movie theatre]] before moving to New York City to pursue a career as a novelist, journalist, and public relations consultant. By 1928, [[Serial (literature)|serialized]] portions of ''Generals Die in Bed'' began to appear in several American and German [[periodicals]]. The same year, Harrison made headlines in the ''[[New York Times]]'' when he was arrested en route to [[Nicaragua]], where he planned to interview the Nicaraguan dissident [[Augusto César Sandino|General Augusto César Sandino]].
+At age sixteen he took an entry-level job with the ''[[Montreal Star]]'' newspaper. Harrison's journalistic career was pre-empted, however, when he enlisted with the 244th Overseas Battalion of the [[Canadian Expeditionary Force]] in 1917 to fight in World War I. After several months in a reserve battalion in England, Harrison transferred to the Royal Montreal Regiment and was sent to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]].<ref name=Annick/>
+The climax of Harrison's war experience came on 8 August 1918 when he participated in the first day of the [[Battle of Amiens (1918)|Battle of Amiens]]. Harrison was wounded in the foot and spent the rest of the war recuperating, before returning to Montreal. During the 1920s, Harrison managed a [[movie theatre]] before moving to New York City to pursue a career as a novelist, journalist, and public relations consultant. By 1928, [[Serial (literature)|serialized]] portions of ''Generals Die in Bed'' began to appear in several American and German [[periodicals]]. The same year, Harrison made headlines in ''[[The New York Times]]'' when he was arrested en route to [[Nicaragua]], where he planned to interview the Nicaraguan dissident [[Augusto César Sandino|General Augusto César Sandino]].{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}
 ==Literary career==
 In 1930, after such [[anti-war]] books as [[Robert Graves]]'s ''[[Goodbye to All That]]'', [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s ''[[A Farewell to Arms]]'', and [[Erich Maria Remarque]]'s ''[[All Quiet on the Western Front]]'' (all published in [[1929 in literature|1929]]) became [[bestseller]]s, publishers took an interest in ''Generals Die in Bed'', many elements of which resembled the other books. Harrison, who was working as a copy editor on the ''Bronx Home News'' was propelled into the spotlight when ''Generals Die in Bed'' became an international [[bestseller]], in part due to the controversy surrounding its depiction of Canadian soldiers [[looting]] the French town of [[Arras]] and shooting unarmed German soldiers.
-Although he went on to publish several more novels, none of them matched the commercial success of ''Generals Die in Bed''. More successful were his [[non-fiction]] writings, including a 1931 [[biography]] of [[socialism|socialist]] lawyer [[Clarence Darrow]] and a 1949 memoir entitled ''Thank God For My Heart Attack'', an early installment in the genre of [[self-help]] books.
+Although he went on to publish several more novels, none of them matched the commercial success of ''Generals Die in Bed''. More successful were his [[non-fiction]] writings, including a 1931 [[biography]] of lawyer [[Clarence Darrow]] and a 1949 memoir entitled ''Thank God For My Heart Attack'', an early installment in the genre of [[self-help]] books.
+In the early 1930s, Harrison was an editor of the ''[[New Masses]]'' communist literary magazine in New York City while under editor-in-chief [[Walt Carmon]].<ref>
-Harrison married three times; he was widowed in 1931, later remarried and divorced his second wife, and was survived by his third wife at his death. He was an uncle of novelist [[Judith Rossner]] (''[[Looking for Mr. Goodbar]]'') (1935-2005).<ref>"Rossner, Judith Louise."  The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives. Encyclopedia.com. 27 Dec. 2016 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref>
+{{cite journal
+| title = New Masses
+| publisher = New Masses
+| url = https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/pubs/new-masses/1931/v07n05-oct-1931-New-Masses.pdf
+| date = October 1931
+| accessdate = 22 October 2018}}</ref><ref>
-Harrison's last novel, ''Nobody's Fool'', was published in 1948. Suffering from the [[heart disease|heart condition]] that inspired his self-help memoir, he died in 1954.
+{{cite journal
+| title = New Masses
+| publisher = New Masses
+| url = https://msuweb.montclair.edu/~furrg/nm/nm006.pdf
+| date = December 1931
-==Bibliography==
+| accessdate = 22 October 2018}}</ref><ref>
+{{cite journal
+| title = New Masses
+| publisher = New Masses
+| url = https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/pubs/new-masses/1932/v07n08-jan-1932-New-Masses.pdf
+| date = January 1932
+| accessdate = 22 October 2018}}</ref><ref>
+{{cite journal
+| title = New Masses
+| publisher = New Masses
+| url = https://www.marxists.org/history/usa/pubs/new-masses/1932/v08n04-nov-1932-New-Masses.pdf
+| date = November 1932
+| accessdate = 22 October 2018}}</ref><ref>
+{{cite book
+| first = Alan M.
+| last = Wald
+| authorlink = Alan M. Wald
+| title = Exiles From a Future Time: The Forging of the Mid-Twentieth Century Literary Left
+| publisher = University of North Carolina Press
+| url = https://archive.org/details/exilesfromfuture0000wald
+| url-access = registration
+| date = 2002
+| accessdate = 22 October 2018}}</ref>
+In 1933, following the suicide of [[Leon Trotsky|Trotsky]]'s daughter [[Zinaida Volkova|Zinaida]], Harrison broke with the [[Communist Party USA|Communist Party]] and became a Trotskyist sympathizer.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Wald |first=Alan M. |title=The New York Intellectuals: The Rise and Decline of the Anti-Stalinist Left from the 1930s to the 1980s |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=2017 |isbn=9781469635958 |pages=152}}</ref> In 1936, Harrison traveled to Norway to interview Trotsky for a planned biography which was never completed.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Winter |first=Ella |date=September 29, 1936 |title=Groups in Action |pages=208 |work=Pacific Weekly |url=https://archive.org/details/ccarm_008416/page/n15 |access-date=December 1, 2023}}</ref>
+Harrison's next novel, ''Meet Me on the Barricades,'' was a satirical look at the [[Spanish Civil War]] and its Communist supporters in America.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Sharpe |first1=Emily Robins |last2=Vautour |first2=Bart |date=2014 |title=Imagining Spain: Charles Yale Harrison's 'Meet Me on the Barricades.' |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/24494448 |journal=The Massachusetts Review |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=206–10 |jstor=24494448 |via=JSTOR}}</ref> Although the 1937 book is written in a lighter tone than ''Generals Die in Bed,'' it still contains "moments when satire gives way to something unfunny, and Harrison’s anti-war commitments come to the foreground."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Background and Context {{!}} Canadian Cultural History About The Spanish Civil War |url=https://spanishcivilwar.ca/teaching-modules/barricades/background |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=spanishcivilwar.ca}}</ref>
+Harrison's last novel, ''Nobody's Fool'', a humorous look at the public relations industry, was published in 1948.
+Harrison's archive at Columbia University contains the manuscript of ''No Season to Weep'', an unpublished 1941 novel that follows a journalist haunted by his experiences in the Spanish Civil War.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last1=Sharpe |first1=Emily Robins |last2=Vautour |first2=Bart |date=2014 |title=Imagining Spain: Charles Yale Harrison's 'Meet Me on the Barricades.' |url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/24494448 |journal=The Massachusetts Review |volume=55 |issue=2 |pages=206–10 |jstor=24494448 |via=JSTOR}}</ref>
+==Personal life and death==
+Harrison married three times; he was widowed in 1931, later remarried and divorced his second wife, and was survived by his third wife at his death. He was an uncle of novelist [[Judith Rossner]], author of ''[[Looking for Mr. Goodbar (novel)|Looking for Mr. Goodbar]]''.<ref>
+{{cite book
+| title = Rossner, Judith Louise
+| publisher = The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives
+| url = https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/rossner-judith-louise
+| date = 2001
+| accessdate = 22 October 2018}}</ref>
+Suffering from the [[heart disease|heart condition]] that inspired his self-help memoir, he died in 1954.<ref name=Annick/>
+==Legacy==
+Columbia University has an archive of Harrison's papers, which include correspondence with: [[Whittaker Chambers]], [[Clarence Darrow]], Ruby Darrow, [[John Dos Passos]], [[Max Eastman]], [[Joseph Freeman (writer)|Joseph Freeman]], [[Mike Gold]], [[Upton Sinclair]], and [[Robert F. Wagner]].<ref name=Papers/>
+==Works==
 [[File:First_houses_LCCN98518341.jpg|thumb|Poster for the [[Works Progress Administration|WPA]] film ''First Houses'' (1936) for the [[New York City Housing Authority]], with narrative by Charles Yale Harrison]]
 ===Fiction===
 *''[[Generals Die in Bed]]'' (1930)
-*''[http://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20150910 A Child is Born]'' (1931)
+*''[https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20150910 A Child is Born]'' (1931)
-*''There Are Victories'' (1933)
+*''[https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20190435 There Are Victories]'' (1933)
-*''Meet Me on the Barricades (1937)
+*''[https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20190462 Meet Me on the Barricades]'' (1937)
 *''Nobody's Fool'' (1948)
-===Non-Fiction===
+===Non-fiction===
 *''Next Please: The Story of Greco and Carillo'' (political pamphlet, 1927)
 *''Clarence Darrow'' (biography, 1931)
 *''Public Housing'' (series of pamphlets, 1937)
-*''Labor Lawyer'' (ghostwritten autobiography of Louis Waldman, 1944)
+*''Labor Lawyer'' (ghostwritten autobiography of [[Louis Waldman]], 1944)
 *''Thank God For My Heart Attack'' (self-help, 1949)
@@ Line 46: / Line 137: @@
 ==External links==
 * {{FadedPage|id=Harrison, Charles Yale|name=Charles Yale Harrison|author=yes}}
+* [https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/98518341/ Library of Congress]: First houses Narrative, Charles Yale Harrison
+* [https://findingaids.library.columbia.edu/ead/nnc-rb/ldpd_4078870 Finding aid to Charles Yale Harrison papers at Columbia University. Rare Book & Manuscript Library.]
 {{Authority control}}
@@ Line 64: / Line 157: @@
 [[Category:20th-century Canadian male writers]]
 [[Category:Novelists from Pennsylvania]]
+[[Category:20th-century American essayists]]
+[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]
+[[Category:Canadian male non-fiction writers]]
+[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]

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