Rain Without Thunder: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|1992 American film}} |
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{{For|the book about animal rights|Rain Without Thunder (book)}} |
{{For|the book about animal rights|Rain Without Thunder (book)}} |
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{{Infobox film |
{{Infobox film |
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| country = United States |
| country = United States |
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| budget = |
| budget = |
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| gross = $5000 (US)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rain-Without-Thunder#tab=summary|title=Rain Without Thunder|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]| |
| gross = $5000 (US)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Rain-Without-Thunder#tab=summary|title=Rain Without Thunder|work=[[The Numbers (website)|The Numbers]]|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> |
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}} |
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'''''Rain Without Thunder''''' is a 1993 American [[science fiction film]] directed by [[Gary O. Bennett (director)|Gary O. Bennett]] and starring [[Betty Buckley]] and [[Jeff Daniels]]. The film is set fifty years in the future from the time of production. Although the ''[[Planned Parenthood v. Casey]]'' case is not mentioned by name, the decision took place in the same year as the film was made and many characteristics of the society portrayed are clearly a reaction to the growing possibilities of restricting [[abortion rights]] at the time of production.{{Original research inline|date=December 2014}} The film is presented as a documentary about the Goldring case, a mother and daughter imprisoned at the Walker Point Center for seeking an abortion outside of the United States. Although Beverly ([[Betty Buckley]]) and Allison ([[Ali Thomas]]) are the main focus, the journalist ([[Carolyn McCormick]]) also interviews numerous people with varying viewpoints discussing the ramifications of the Goldring case and abortion in general in 2042 society. |
'''''Rain Without Thunder''''' is a 1993 American [[science fiction film]] directed by [[Gary O. Bennett (director)|Gary O. Bennett]], and starring [[Betty Buckley]] and [[Jeff Daniels]]. The film is set fifty years in the future from the time of production. Although the ''[[Planned Parenthood v. Casey]]'' case is not mentioned by name, the decision took place in the same year as the film was made and many characteristics of the society portrayed are clearly a reaction to the growing possibilities of restricting [[abortion rights]] at the time of production.{{Original research inline|date=December 2014}} The film is presented as a documentary about the Goldring case, a mother and daughter imprisoned at the Walker Point Center for seeking an abortion outside of the United States. Although Beverly ([[Betty Buckley]]) and Allison ([[Ali Thomas]]) are the main focus, the journalist ([[Carolyn McCormick]]) also interviews numerous people with varying viewpoints discussing the ramifications of the Goldring case and abortion in general in 2042 society. |
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== Plot == |
== Plot == |
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Allison Goldring |
Allison Goldring, an upper-class, white college student, becomes pregnant from her boyfriend Jeremy Tanner. After discussing her options with both Tanner and her family, she makes the decision to travel abroad to terminate the pregnancy, as abortion is prosecuted as "fetal murder" in the United States. According to Allison and her mother Beverley, everyone – including Tanner – supported her decision. Tanner later denies this, though the film makes his denial seem improbable. Allison's father and grandmother are interviewed and openly support both Allison and Beverly. Allison's father says that he originally intended to go along with them and that the choice to prosecute Beverly is arbitrary; ultimately, Beverly is perceived to have a greater influence on Allison. |
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Later interviews give further background on the society: civil liberties are slowly and methodically curtailed over time in order fight "hypercrime". In the early twenty-first century, restrictions on warrants are loosened, and several states pass laws criminalizing abortion. At first, only abortionists are targeted by the laws, and complacent feminists dismiss the idea that the situation will get worse. When the Roman Catholic Church accepts barrier contraception, feminism becomes further weakened, and a wave of |
Later interviews give further background on the society: civil liberties are slowly and methodically curtailed over time in order fight "hypercrime". In the early twenty-first century, restrictions on warrants are loosened, and several states pass laws criminalizing abortion. At first, only abortionists are targeted by the laws, and complacent feminists dismiss the idea that the situation will get worse. When the Roman Catholic Church accepts barrier contraception, feminism becomes further weakened, and a wave of [[anti-abortion]] legislation is passed, culminating in a new amendment to the United States Constitution that defines personhood at conception. Following that, laws are enacted that target women seeking abortions, and feminism becomes not only politically incorrect but also subject to historical revisionism that denies its impact. |
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The state of New York has recently passed a law that classifies going abroad to seek a termination as "fetal kidnapping". Beverly admits to being aware of the change but assumed it would be some time before it would be enforced. It is not clear how aware Allison and Jeremy were of the legal change. The law is a reaction to a lawsuit aimed at overturning fetal murder statutes because they are enforced almost exclusively against poor minority women. Examples of such women are interviewed at Walker Point |
The state of New York has recently passed a law that classifies going abroad to seek a termination as "fetal kidnapping". Beverly admits to being aware of the change but assumed it would be some time before it would be enforced. It is not clear how aware Allison and Jeremy were of the legal change. The law is a reaction to a lawsuit aimed at overturning fetal murder statutes because they are enforced almost exclusively against poor minority women. Examples of such women are interviewed at Walker Point. One had used some [[abortifacient]] called a "baby bomb". She was arrested as she bled out after improperly administering the drug. The other was initially arrested on suspicion of having a termination, but is convicted of using an IUD, which is also illegal. Her descriptions of how she obtained the "uudee" suggest that she was also in a potentially dangerous medical situation. |
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African American district attorney Andrea Murdoch |
African American district attorney Andrea Murdoch discovers what the Goldrings have done and prosecutes them under the new law, in large part because they are exactly the type of women targeted by the law. The criminal procedures show that doctor-patient confidentiality is no longer guaranteed. Murdoch's motivations are questioned by Jonathan Garson, the Goldrings' attorney, who suggests she is seeking higher office, although he doesn't question her ethics. Murdoch's own statements suggest that she is angered by the racial and class disparities in enforcement, but she does not question the propriety of fetal murder law. |
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During the trial, Allison decides to take the stand and confesses to what she did. She does not express remorse at the time nor does she express any regret later. She says that she felt relieved to get everything out. Beverly and Garson are frustrated by her decision, since it condemns both Allison and Beverly to prison. At the end of the film, the Swedish clinic checks their pathology reports on Allison and determines that the fetus had been dead for almost three weeks prior to the procedure. The Goldrings are released, but Murdoch declares her intention to prosecute them on attempted fetal kidnapping, on the grounds that they had intended to commit the crime even if they had not been able to commit it. |
During the trial, Allison decides to take the stand and confesses to what she did. She does not express remorse at the time nor does she express any regret later. She says that she felt relieved to get everything out. Beverly and Garson are frustrated by her decision, since it condemns both Allison and Beverly to prison. At the end of the film, the Swedish clinic checks their pathology reports on Allison and determines that the fetus had been dead for almost three weeks prior to the procedure. The Goldrings are released, but Murdoch declares her intention to prosecute them on attempted fetal kidnapping, on the grounds that they had intended to commit the crime even if they had not been able to commit it. |
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== Production == |
== Production == |
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Writer and director Gary Bennett began writing ''Rain Without Thunder'' in 1988 after he became frustrated with pro-choice acquaintances who voted for conservative Republicans due to their economic policies. He wanted to avoid overt science fiction themes to keep the film relevant, and he included arguments for the opposing side to avoid creating a one-sided message.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-02-14/entertainment/9303181743_1_message-films-gangster-movies-film-center|title=Getting The Message|last=Terry|first=Clifford|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=1993-02-14| |
Writer and director Gary Bennett began writing ''Rain Without Thunder'' in 1988 after he became frustrated with pro-choice acquaintances who voted for conservative Republicans due to their economic policies. He wanted to avoid overt science fiction themes to keep the film relevant, and he included arguments for the opposing side to avoid creating a one-sided message.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-02-14/entertainment/9303181743_1_message-films-gangster-movies-film-center|title=Getting The Message|last=Terry|first=Clifford|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=1993-02-14|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> |
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''Rain Without Thunder'' was budgeted at under two million dollars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1992/film/news/orion-classics-picks-up-first-release-thunder-101912/|title=Orion Classics picks up first release, 'Thunder'|last=Ayscough|first=Susan|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=1992-12-07| |
''Rain Without Thunder'' was budgeted at under two million dollars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1992/film/news/orion-classics-picks-up-first-release-thunder-101912/|title=Orion Classics picks up first release, 'Thunder'|last=Ayscough|first=Susan|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=1992-12-07|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> |
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== Release == |
== Release == |
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[[Orion Classics]] released ''Rain Without Thunder'' on February 5, 1993, in Los Angeles.<ref name=release>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1993/more/news/short-takes-57-103470/|title=Short Takes|author=<!-- Staff -->|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=1993-01-27| |
[[Orion Classics]] released ''Rain Without Thunder'' on February 5, 1993, in Los Angeles.<ref name=release>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1993/more/news/short-takes-57-103470/|title=Short Takes|author=<!-- Staff -->|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=1993-01-27|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> It was released on video in 1995.<ref name=ew>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,299298,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905014243/http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,299298,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 5, 2008|title=Rain Without Thunder (1995)|last=Pierson|first=Melissa|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|issue=298|date=1995-10-27|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> |
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== Reception == |
== Reception == |
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[[Rotten Tomatoes]], a [[review aggregator]], reports that 50% of six surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 5.7/10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rain-without-thunder/|title=Rain Without Thunder (1993)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Flixster]]| |
[[Rotten Tomatoes]], a [[review aggregator]], reports that 50% of six surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 5.7/10.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/rain-without-thunder/|title=Rain Without Thunder (1993)|work=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Flixster]]|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> [[Roger Ebert]] rated the film 1/4 stars and called it "the longest 85-minute movie I have ever seen."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/rain-without-thunder-1993|title=Rain Without Thunder|last=Ebert|first=Roger|authorlink=Roger Ebert|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|date=1993-02-15|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> [[Janet Maslin]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' called it "a dreary, nondramatic tract" with "a drab parade of earnest talking heads".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE7DB1530F936A35751C0A965958260|title=Rain Without Thunder (1993)|last=Maslin|first=Janet|authorlink=Janet Maslin|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1993-02-05|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> Hal Hinson of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' described it as a "brilliant, haunting mock-documentary" that invokes ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]''.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/rainwithoutthunderpg13hinson_a0a7e5.htm|title='Rain Without Thunder' (PG-13)|last=Hinson|first=Hal|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=1993-02-09|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> Desmond Ryan of the ''[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' wrote that the film "reduces an intensely emotional and politically volatile issue to a sterile debate" by an "endless succession of talking heads".<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.philly.com/1993-02-12/entertainment/25956435_1_abortion-procedure-allison-goldring|title=An Abortion Drama Set In The Future That Ignores Realities Of The Present|last=Ryan|first=Desmond|work=[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=1993-02-12|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> Melissa Pierson of ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' rated it C− and called it a "dreary fantasy" that is too unpleasant to sell even to those who agree with its message.<ref name=ew/> Johanna Steinmetz of the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' wrote, "This movie is rain without thunder, not to mention drama without tension, acting without reacting, and thought without passion. It is entirely talking heads, if nothing else a provocative test of the medium's preference for action."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-02-12/entertainment/9303180551_1_allison-goldring-thunder-rain|title='Rain Without Thunder' Also Without Drama|last=Steinmetz|first=Johanna|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]|date=1993-02-12|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> Michael Wilmington of the ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' wrote the film is "thought-provoking" yet spends all its time preaching to the converted, explaining in-universe history to people who already know it, and setting up questionable class prejudice.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1993-02-05/entertainment/ca-818_1_minority-women|title=MOVIE REVIEWS: 'Rain' Has Seen Future and It Doesn't Work|last=Wilmington|first=Michael|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|date=1993-02-05|access-date=2014-02-05}}</ref> David Sterritt of ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'' called it a thoughtful, balanced film that is too ambitious.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/1993/0212/12102.html|title=Drama on Abortion Deftly Balances Debate|last=Steritt|first=David|work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]|date=1993-02-12|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> Jay Boyar of the ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' called it "intellectually stimulating" but lacking in action and faith in its ability to convince viewers without manipulation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1993-05-31/lifestyle/9305290896_1_perform-abortions-choose-abortion-bennett|title='Rain Without Thunder' Raises Questions About Abortion's Future|last=Boyar|first=Jay|work=[[Orlando Sentinel]]|date=1993-05-31|access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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[[Category:1993 films]] |
[[Category:1993 films]] |
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[[Category:1993 drama films]] |
[[Category:1993 drama films]] |
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[[Category:American independent films]] |
[[Category:American independent films]] |
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[[Category:American political satire films]] |
[[Category:American political satire films]] |
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[[Category:Films about abortion]] |
[[Category:Films about abortion]] |
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[[Category:American dystopian films]] |
[[Category:American dystopian films]] |
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[[Category:Political mockumentaries]] |
[[Category:Political mockumentaries]] |
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[[Category:Films set in New York (state)]] |
[[Category:Films set in New York (state)]] |
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[[Category:1993 directorial debut films]] |
[[Category:1993 directorial debut films]] |
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Revision as of 00:08, 12 July 2024
Rain Without Thunder | |
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Directed by | Gary O. Bennett |
Written by | Gary O. Bennett |
Produced by |
|
Starring | |
Cinematography | Karl Kases |
Edited by |
|
Music by |
|
Distributed by | Orion Classics |
Release date |
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Running time | 85 minutes |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Box office | $5000 (US)[1] |
Rain Without Thunder is a 1993 American science fiction film directed by Gary O. Bennett, and starring Betty Buckley and Jeff Daniels. The film is set fifty years in the future from the time of production. Although the Planned Parenthood v. Casey case is not mentioned by name, the decision took place in the same year as the film was made and many characteristics of the society portrayed are clearly a reaction to the growing possibilities of restricting abortion rights at the time of production.[original research?] The film is presented as a documentary about the Goldring case, a mother and daughter imprisoned at the Walker Point Center for seeking an abortion outside of the United States. Although Beverly (Betty Buckley) and Allison (Ali Thomas) are the main focus, the journalist (Carolyn McCormick) also interviews numerous people with varying viewpoints discussing the ramifications of the Goldring case and abortion in general in 2042 society.
Plot
Allison Goldring, an upper-class, white college student, becomes pregnant from her boyfriend Jeremy Tanner. After discussing her options with both Tanner and her family, she makes the decision to travel abroad to terminate the pregnancy, as abortion is prosecuted as "fetal murder" in the United States. According to Allison and her mother Beverley, everyone – including Tanner – supported her decision. Tanner later denies this, though the film makes his denial seem improbable. Allison's father and grandmother are interviewed and openly support both Allison and Beverly. Allison's father says that he originally intended to go along with them and that the choice to prosecute Beverly is arbitrary; ultimately, Beverly is perceived to have a greater influence on Allison.
Later interviews give further background on the society: civil liberties are slowly and methodically curtailed over time in order fight "hypercrime". In the early twenty-first century, restrictions on warrants are loosened, and several states pass laws criminalizing abortion. At first, only abortionists are targeted by the laws, and complacent feminists dismiss the idea that the situation will get worse. When the Roman Catholic Church accepts barrier contraception, feminism becomes further weakened, and a wave of anti-abortion legislation is passed, culminating in a new amendment to the United States Constitution that defines personhood at conception. Following that, laws are enacted that target women seeking abortions, and feminism becomes not only politically incorrect but also subject to historical revisionism that denies its impact.
The state of New York has recently passed a law that classifies going abroad to seek a termination as "fetal kidnapping". Beverly admits to being aware of the change but assumed it would be some time before it would be enforced. It is not clear how aware Allison and Jeremy were of the legal change. The law is a reaction to a lawsuit aimed at overturning fetal murder statutes because they are enforced almost exclusively against poor minority women. Examples of such women are interviewed at Walker Point. One had used some abortifacient called a "baby bomb". She was arrested as she bled out after improperly administering the drug. The other was initially arrested on suspicion of having a termination, but is convicted of using an IUD, which is also illegal. Her descriptions of how she obtained the "uudee" suggest that she was also in a potentially dangerous medical situation.
African American district attorney Andrea Murdoch discovers what the Goldrings have done and prosecutes them under the new law, in large part because they are exactly the type of women targeted by the law. The criminal procedures show that doctor-patient confidentiality is no longer guaranteed. Murdoch's motivations are questioned by Jonathan Garson, the Goldrings' attorney, who suggests she is seeking higher office, although he doesn't question her ethics. Murdoch's own statements suggest that she is angered by the racial and class disparities in enforcement, but she does not question the propriety of fetal murder law.
During the trial, Allison decides to take the stand and confesses to what she did. She does not express remorse at the time nor does she express any regret later. She says that she felt relieved to get everything out. Beverly and Garson are frustrated by her decision, since it condemns both Allison and Beverly to prison. At the end of the film, the Swedish clinic checks their pathology reports on Allison and determines that the fetus had been dead for almost three weeks prior to the procedure. The Goldrings are released, but Murdoch declares her intention to prosecute them on attempted fetal kidnapping, on the grounds that they had intended to commit the crime even if they had not been able to commit it.
Cast
Actor | Role |
---|---|
Betty Buckley | Beverly Goldring |
Katharine Crost | Walker Point Guard #1 |
Jeff Daniels | Jonathan Garson |
Frederic Forrest | Warden |
Graham Greene | Author on History |
Linda Hunt | Atwood Society Director |
Robert Earl Jones | Old Lawyer |
Carolyn McCormick | Reporter |
Ming-Na Wen | 'Uudie' Prisoner (as Ming-Na Wen) |
Iona Morris | Andrea Murdoch |
Austin Pendleton | Catholic Priest |
Ethan Phillips | Gynecologist |
Ali Thomas | Allison Goldring |
Steve Zahn | Jeremy Tanner |
Alyssa Rallo Bennett | Max Sinclair |
Heather Lilly | Micka Goldring |
Production
Writer and director Gary Bennett began writing Rain Without Thunder in 1988 after he became frustrated with pro-choice acquaintances who voted for conservative Republicans due to their economic policies. He wanted to avoid overt science fiction themes to keep the film relevant, and he included arguments for the opposing side to avoid creating a one-sided message.[2]
Rain Without Thunder was budgeted at under two million dollars.[3]
Release
Orion Classics released Rain Without Thunder on February 5, 1993, in Los Angeles.[4] It was released on video in 1995.[5]
Reception
Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 50% of six surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 5.7/10.[6] Roger Ebert rated the film 1/4 stars and called it "the longest 85-minute movie I have ever seen."[7] Janet Maslin of The New York Times called it "a dreary, nondramatic tract" with "a drab parade of earnest talking heads".[8] Hal Hinson of The Washington Post described it as a "brilliant, haunting mock-documentary" that invokes Nineteen Eighty-Four.[9] Desmond Ryan of the Philadelphia Inquirer wrote that the film "reduces an intensely emotional and politically volatile issue to a sterile debate" by an "endless succession of talking heads".[10] Melissa Pierson of Entertainment Weekly rated it C− and called it a "dreary fantasy" that is too unpleasant to sell even to those who agree with its message.[5] Johanna Steinmetz of the Chicago Tribune wrote, "This movie is rain without thunder, not to mention drama without tension, acting without reacting, and thought without passion. It is entirely talking heads, if nothing else a provocative test of the medium's preference for action."[11] Michael Wilmington of the Los Angeles Times wrote the film is "thought-provoking" yet spends all its time preaching to the converted, explaining in-universe history to people who already know it, and setting up questionable class prejudice.[12] David Sterritt of The Christian Science Monitor called it a thoughtful, balanced film that is too ambitious.[13] Jay Boyar of the Orlando Sentinel called it "intellectually stimulating" but lacking in action and faith in its ability to convince viewers without manipulation.[14]
References
- ^ "Rain Without Thunder". The Numbers. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ Terry, Clifford (1993-02-14). "Getting The Message". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ Ayscough, Susan (1992-12-07). "Orion Classics picks up first release, 'Thunder'". Variety. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ "Short Takes". Variety. 1993-01-27. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ a b Pierson, Melissa (1995-10-27). "Rain Without Thunder (1995)". Entertainment Weekly. No. 298. Archived from the original on September 5, 2008. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ "Rain Without Thunder (1993)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (1993-02-15). "Rain Without Thunder". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ Maslin, Janet (1993-02-05). "Rain Without Thunder (1993)". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ Hinson, Hal (1993-02-09). "'Rain Without Thunder' (PG-13)". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ Ryan, Desmond (1993-02-12). "An Abortion Drama Set In The Future That Ignores Realities Of The Present". Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ Steinmetz, Johanna (1993-02-12). "'Rain Without Thunder' Also Without Drama". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ Wilmington, Michael (1993-02-05). "MOVIE REVIEWS: 'Rain' Has Seen Future and It Doesn't Work". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
- ^ Steritt, David (1993-02-12). "Drama on Abortion Deftly Balances Debate". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
- ^ Boyar, Jay (1993-05-31). "'Rain Without Thunder' Raises Questions About Abortion's Future". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 2014-02-10.