Caroline of Baden: Difference between revisions

Names
	Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine

Caroline of Baden
Caroline of Baden
Electress consort of Bavaria
Tenure	16 February 1799 – 1 January 1806
Queen consort of Bavaria
Tenure	1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825
Born	13 July 1776; Karlsruhe, Margraviate of Baden
Died	13 November 1841 (aged 65); Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria
Burial	Theatine Church
Spouse	Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (m. 1797; died 1825)
Issue	Elizabeth Ludovika, Queen of Prussia; Amalie Auguste, Queen of Saxony; Maria Anna, Queen of Saxony; Sophie, Archduchess of Austria; Ludovika, Duchess in Bavaria; Princess Maximiliana;
Names
Names
	Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine
House	Zähringen
Father	Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden
Mother	Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit Next edit →

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Revision as of 03:39, 11 July 2024

Caroline of Baden (German: Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine von Baden; 13 July 1776 – 13 November 1841) was by marriage an Electress of Bavaria and later the first Queen consort of Bavaria by marriage to Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria.

Life

Early life

She was the eldest child of Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden, and his wife Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was born 13 July 1776, twin sister of Katharina Amalie Christiane Luise.

Caroline was considered as a bride for Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Enghien, but the fear of attracting opposition from France made her family hesitate.

Marriage

On 9 March 1797, in Karlsruhe, she became the second spouse of Maximilian, Duke of Palatine Zweibrücken, who two years later would inherit the Electorate of Bavaria. As a result of the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the rank of Elector became obsolete, and the ruler of Bavaria was promoted to the rank of King. As a result, Caroline became Queen of Bavaria. Caroline had seven children with her husband, including two pairs of twins, an interesting occurrence considering Caroline was also a twin herself.

She was allowed to keep her Protestant religion and had her own Protestant pastor, which was unique for a Bavarian queen. She was described as a very dignified consort and hostess of the Bavarian court and raised her daughters to have a strong sense of duty.

Death and funeral

Caroline of Baden died 13 November 1841, outliving her husband by sixteen years and one month. Due to her Protestant religion, her funeral was conducted with so little royal dignity that there were public protests. By order of the Catholic archbishop of Munich, Lothar Anselm von Gebsattel, all participating Catholic clergy were dressed in ordinary clothes instead of church vestments. The Protestant clergy were halted at the church door and not allowed to proceed inside for the service, so Ludwig Friedrich Schmidt gave the funeral sermon there. Afterward, the funeral procession dissipated, and the coffin was placed in the burial crypt without ceremony. This treatment of his beloved stepmother permanently softened the attitude of Caroline's stepson Ludwig I of Bavaria, who up until that time had been a strong opponent of Protestantism despite his marriage to the Protestant princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.

Issue

Issue
Name	Portrait	Birth	Death	Notes
Son		5 September 1799		Stillborn
Maximilian Joseph Charles		28 October 1800	12 February 1803	Died in childhood
Elisabeth Louise Queen consort of Prussia		13 November 1801 (twins)	14 December 1873	Married in 1823 the future King Frederick William IV of Prussia and had no issue
Amalie Auguste Queen consort of Saxony		13 November 1801 (twins)	8 November 1877	Married in 1822 the future King John of Saxony and had issue
Marie Anne Leopoldine Queen consort of Saxony		27 January 1805 (twins)	13 September 1877	Married in 1833 the future King Frederick Augustus II of Saxony and had no issue
Sophia Frederica Archduchess of Austria		27 January 1805 (twins)	28 May 1872	Married in 1824 Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and had issue
Louise Wilhelmina Duchess in Bavaria		30 August 1808	25 January 1892	Married in 1828 Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria and had issue
Maximiliana Josepha Caroline		21 July 1810	4 February 1821	Died in childhood

Honours

Electorate of Bavaria / Kingdom of Bavaria : Sovereign of the Order of Saint Elizabeth (feminine order)
Russian Empire : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Catherine, 9 April 1801^[1]

Ancestors

Ancestors of Caroline of Baden^[2]

8. Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach

4. Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden

9. Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz

2. Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden

10. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

5. Princess Caroline Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt

11. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg

1. Caroline of Baden

12. Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (= 10)

6. Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

13. Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg (= 11)

3. Princess Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt

14. Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken

7. Countess Palatine Caroline of Zweibrücken

15. Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken

References

^ Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. p. 69.
^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. pp. 38 (father), 69 (mother).

Françoise de Bernardy : "Stéphanie de Beauharnais, fille adoptive de Napoléon et grande-duchesse de Bade " L.A.P. Pais, 1977.

Preceded by Augusta Wilhelmina of Hesse-Darmstadt	Duchess of Zweibrücken 1797–1825	Succeeded by Last of title
Preceded by Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este	Electress of Bavaria 1799–1806	Succeeded by Last of title
Preceded by New title	Queen of Bavaria 1806–1825	Succeeded by Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen

[1] Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817. l'Académie Imp. des Sciences. 1817. p. 69.

[2] Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. pp. 38 (father), 69 (mother).

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Electress/Queen of Bavaria from 1799 to 1825}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
 {{Infobox royalty
+| consort      = yes
-| name = Caroline of Baden
+| name         = Caroline of Baden
-| image = Königin Karoline von Bayern.jpg
+| image        = Königin Karoline von Bayern.jpg
-| birth_date = {{birth date|1776|7|13|df=y}}
+| birth_date   = {{birth date|1776|7|13|df=y}}
-| birth_place = [[Karlsruhe]], [[Margraviate of Baden]]
+| birth_place  = [[Karlsruhe]], [[Margraviate of Baden]]
-| death_date = {{death date and age|1841|11|13|1776|7|13|df=y}}
+| death_date   = {{death date and age|1841|11|13|1776|7|13|df=y}}
-| death_place = [[Munich]], [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]
+| death_place  = [[Munich]], [[Kingdom of Bavaria]]
-| house = [[House of Zähringen|Zähringen]]
+| house        = [[House of Zähringen|Zähringen]]
-| spouse = {{marriage|[[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria]]|1797|1825|end=d.}}
+| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria]]|1797|1825|end=d.}}
-| father = [[Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden]]
+| father       = [[Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden]]
-| mother = [[Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt]]
+| mother       = [[Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt]]
-| issue = [[Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria|Elizabeth Ludovika, Queen of Prussia]]<br>[[Amalie Auguste of Bavaria|Amalie Auguste, Queen of Saxony]]<br>[[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1805–1877)|Maria Anna, Queen of Saxony]]<br>[[Princess Sophie of Bavaria|Sophia, Archduchess of Austria]]<br>[[Princess Ludovika of Bavaria|Ludovika, Duchess in Bavaria]]<br>[[Princess Maximiliana of Bavaria|Princess Maximiliana]]
+| issue        = {{Unbulleted list|[[Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria|Elizabeth Ludovika, Queen of Prussia]]|[[Amalie Auguste of Bavaria|Amalie Auguste, Queen of Saxony]]|[[Maria Anna of Bavaria (born 1805)|Maria Anna, Queen of Saxony]]|[[Princess Sophie of Bavaria|Sophie, Archduchess of Austria]]|[[Princess Ludovika of Bavaria|Ludovika, Duchess in Bavaria]]|[[Princess Maximiliana of Bavaria|Princess Maximiliana]]}}
-| full name = Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine
+| full name    = Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine
-| religion    = [[Lutheran]]
 | burial_place = [[Theatinerkirche (Munich)|Theatine Church]]
-| reign          =16 February 1799 – 1 January 1806
+| reign        = 16 February 1799 – 1 January 1806
+| succession   = [[List of Bavarian royal consorts|Electress consort of Bavaria]]
-| reign-type = Tenure
+| reign1       = 1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825
-| coronation     =
+| succession1  = [[List of Bavarian royal consorts|Queen consort of Bavaria]]
-| predecessor    =[[Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este|Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este]]
-| successor      = ''Herself as Queen consort of Bavaria''
-| succession = [[Electress#Electresses of Bavaria|Electress consort of Bavaria]]
-| reign1 = 1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825
-| predecessor1 = ''Herself as Electress consort of Bavaria''
-| successor1 = [[Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen]]
-| succession1 = [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Queen consort of Bavaria]]
 }}
 '''Caroline of Baden''' ({{lang-de|Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine von Baden}}; 13 July 1776 – 13 November 1841) was by marriage an [[Electress|Electress of Bavaria]] and later the first [[Kingdom of Bavaria|Queen consort of Bavaria]] by marriage to [[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria|Maximilian I Joseph]] of Bavaria.
@@ Line 29: / Line 25: @@
 == Life ==
 ===Early life===
-She was the eldest child of [[Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden]], and his wife [[Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt|Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt]]. She was born 13 July 1776, twin sister of Katharina Amalie Christiane Luise.
+She was the eldest child of [[Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden]], and his wife [[Landgravine Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt|Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt]]. She was born 13 July 1776, twin sister of [[Princess Amalie Christiane of Baden|Katharina Amalie Christiane Luise.]]
-Caroline was considered as a bride for the [[Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Enghien]], but the fear of attracting opposition from France made her family hesitate.
+Caroline was considered as a bride for [[Louis Antoine Henri de Bourbon, Duke of Enghien]], but the fear of attracting opposition from France made her family hesitate.
 ===Marriage===
-On 9 March 1797, in [[Karlsruhe]], she became the second spouse of [[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria|Maximilian]], Duke of Palatinate-Zweibrücken, who two years later would inherit the [[Electorate of Bavaria]]. As a result of the dissolution of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] in 1806, the rank of Elector became obsolete, and the ruler of Bavaria was promoted to the rank of King.  As a result, Caroline became Queen of Bavaria. With her husband Caroline had seven children, including two pairs of twins, an interesting occurrence considering Caroline was also a twin herself.
+On 9 March 1797, in [[Karlsruhe]], she became the second spouse of [[Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria|Maximilian]], Duke of [[Palatine Zweibrücken]], who two years later would inherit the [[Electorate of Bavaria]]. As a result of the dissolution of the [[Holy Roman Empire]] in 1806, the rank of Elector became obsolete, and the ruler of Bavaria was promoted to the rank of King. As a result, Caroline became Queen of Bavaria. Caroline had seven children with her husband, including two pairs of twins, an interesting occurrence considering Caroline was also a twin herself.
-She was allowed to keep her Protestant religion and had her own Protestant pastor, which was unique for a Bavarian queen. She was described as a very dignified consort and hostess of the Bavarian court, and raised her daughters to have a strong sense of duty.
+She was allowed to keep her Protestant religion and had her own Protestant pastor, which was unique for a Bavarian queen. She was described as a very dignified consort and hostess of the Bavarian court and raised her daughters to have a strong sense of duty.
 ===Death and funeral===
-Caroline of Baden died 13 November 1841, outliving her husband by sixteen years and one month. Due to her Protestant religion, her funeral was conducted with so little royal dignity that there were public protests. By order of the Catholic archbishop of Munich, Lothar Anselm von Gebsattel, all participating Catholic clergy were dressed in ordinary clothes instead of church vestments.  The Protestant clergy were halted at the church door and not allowed to proceed inside for the service, so Ludwig Friedrich Schmidt gave the funeral sermon there.  Afterwards, the funeral procession dissipated, and the coffin was placed in the burial crypt without ceremony. This treatment of his beloved stepmother permanently softened the attitude of Caroline's stepson [[Ludwig I of Bavaria]], who up until that time had been a strong opponent of Protestantism in spite of his marriage to the Protestant princess [[Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen]].
+Caroline of Baden died 13 November 1841, outliving her husband by sixteen years and one month. Due to her Protestant religion, her funeral was conducted with so little royal dignity that there were public protests. By order of the Catholic archbishop of Munich, Lothar Anselm von Gebsattel, all participating Catholic clergy were dressed in ordinary clothes instead of church vestments. The Protestant clergy were halted at the church door and not allowed to proceed inside for the service, so Ludwig Friedrich Schmidt gave the funeral sermon there. Afterward, the funeral procession dissipated, and the coffin was placed in the burial crypt without ceremony. This treatment of his beloved stepmother permanently softened the attitude of Caroline's stepson [[Ludwig I of Bavaria]], who up until that time had been a strong opponent of Protestantism despite his marriage to the Protestant princess [[Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen]].
 == Issue ==
@@ Line 57: / Line 53: @@
 |align=center|'''[[Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria|Elisabeth Louise]]'''<br/>Queen consort of Prussia ||align=center| [[Image:Joseph Stieler - Königin Elisabeth von Preußen, nach 1843.jpg|60px]] ||align="center" rowspan="2"| 13 November 1801<br/>(twins) ||align=center|14 December 1873 ||align=center|Married in 1823 the future King [[Frederick William IV of Prussia]] and had no issue
 |-
-|align=center|'''[[Amalie Auguste of Bavaria|Amalie Auguste]]'''<br/>Queen consort of Saxony ||align=center| [[Image:Stieler - Amalie Auguste of Bavaria - Galerie Neue Meister.jpg|60px]] ||align=center|8 November 1877 ||align=center|Married in 1822 the future King [[John of Saxony]] and had issue
+|align=center|'''[[Amalie Auguste of Bavaria|Amalie Auguste]]'''<br/>Queen consort of Saxony ||align=center| [[Image:Stieler - Amalie Auguste of Bavaria - Galerie Neue Meister.jpg|60px]] ||align=center|8 November 1877 ||align=center|Married in 1822 the future King [[John, King of Saxony|John of Saxony]] and had issue
 |-
 |align=center|'''[[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1805–1877)|Marie Anne Leopoldine]]'''<br/>Queen consort of Saxony ||align=center| [[Image:Joseph Karl Stieler - Maria Anna von Bayern 1805-1877.jpg|60px]] ||align="center" rowspan="2"|27 January 1805<br/>(twins) ||align=center|13 September 1877 ||align=center|Married in 1833 the future King [[Frederick Augustus II of Saxony]] and had no issue
@@ Line 63: / Line 59: @@
 |align=center|'''[[Princess Sophie of Bavaria|Sophia Frederica]]'''<br/>Archduchess of Austria||align=center| [[Image:Stieler Archduchess 1832.jpg|60px]] ||align=center|28 May 1872 ||align=center|Married in 1824 [[Archduke Franz Karl of Austria]] and had issue
 |-
-|align=center|'''[[Princess Ludovika of Bavaria|Louise Wilhelmina]]'''<br/>Duchess in Bavaria ||align=center| [[Image:Ludovika 1808-1892.jpg|60px]] ||align=center| 30 August 1808 ||align=center|25 January 1892 ||align=center|Married in 1828 [[Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria]]
+|align=center|'''[[Princess Ludovika of Bavaria|Louise Wilhelmina]]'''<br/>Duchess in Bavaria ||align=center| [[Image:Ludovika 1808-1892.jpg|60px]] ||align=center| 30 August 1808 ||align=center|25 January 1892 ||align=center|Married in 1828 [[Duke Maximilian Joseph in Bavaria]] and had issue
 |-
 |align=center|'''[[Princess Maximiliana of Bavaria|Maximiliana Josepha Caroline]]''' ||align=center| [[File:Maximiliane Josephine Caroline von Bayern (ca.1816).jpg|60px]]  ||align=center|21 July 1810 ||align=center|4 February 1821 ||align=center|Died in childhood
 |}
+== Honours ==
-== Titles, styles and honours ==
+* {{Flag|Electorate of Bavaria}} / {{Flag|Kingdom of Bavaria}} : Sovereign of the [[Order of Saint Elizabeth]] (feminine order)
+* {{Flag|Russian Empire}} : Dame Grand Cross of the [[Order of Saint Catherine]], ''9 April 1801''<ref>{{cite book|title=Almanach de la cour: pour l'année ... 1817|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZpKAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA69|year=1817|publisher=l'Académie Imp. des Sciences|page=69}}</ref>
-* 9 March 1797 - 16 February 1799: Her Highness The Duchess of Zweibrücken
-* 16 February 1799 – 1 January 1806: Her Highness The Duchess of Zweibrücken, Electress of Bavaria, Duchess of Berg, Electress Palatine
-* 1 January 1806 – 13 October 1825: Her Majesty The Queen Consort of Bavaria
-{{Flag|Electorate of Bavaria}} / {{Flag|Kingdom of Bavaria}} : Sovereign of the [[Order of Saint Elizabeth]] (feminine order)
 ==Ancestors==
@@ Line 83: / Line 75: @@
 |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
 |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
-|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
 |1= 1. '''Caroline of Baden'''
 |2= 2. [[Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden]]
@@ Line 99: / Line 90: @@
 |14= 14. [[Christian III, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]]
 |15= 15. [[Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken|Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken]]
-|16= 16. [[Charles III William, Margrave of Baden-Durlach]]
-|17= 17. [[Magdalena Wilhelmine of Württemberg|Princess Magdalena Wilhelmine of Württemberg]]
-|18= 18. [[John William Friso, Prince of Orange]]
-|19= 19. [[Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel|Princess Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel]]
-|20= 20. [[Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt]]
-|21= 21. [[Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]
-|22= 22. [[Johann Reinhard III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg]]
-|23= 23. [[Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach|Margravine Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]
-|24= 24. [[Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt]] (= 20)
-|25= 25. [[Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach]] (= 21)
-|26= 26. [[Johann Reinhard III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg]] (= 22)
-|27= 27. [[Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach|Margravine Dorothea Friederike of Brandenburg-Ansbach]] (= 23)
-|28= 28. [[Christian II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld]]
-|29= 29. Countess Katharina Agathe of Rappoltstein
-|30= 30. [[Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken]]
-|31= 31. Countess Philippine Henriette of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
 }}
 ==References==
-{{commons|Karoline Friederike Wilhelmine von Baden}}
+{{commons}}
 {{reflist}}
 *Françoise de Bernardy : "Stéphanie de Beauharnais, fille adoptive de Napoléon et grande-duchesse de Bade " L.A.P. Pais, 1977.
@@ Line 124: / Line 99: @@
 {{s-start}}
 {{succession box
-| title  = [[Palatinate-Zweibrücken|Duchess of Zweibrücken]]
+| title  = [[Palatine Zweibrücken|Duchess of Zweibrücken]]
 | before = [[Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt|Augusta Wilhelmina of Hesse-Darmstadt]]
 | after  = Last of title
@@ Line 143: / Line 118: @@
 {{Electresses of Bavaria}}
 {{Queens of Bavaria}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}
 {{Authority control}}
-[[Category:Bavarian queens consort]]
+[[Category:Queens consort of Bavaria]]
 [[Category:House of Zähringen]]
 [[Category:House of Wittelsbach]]
-[[Category:Twin people from Germany]]
+[[Category:German twins]]
 [[Category:Electresses of Bavaria]]
 [[Category:Duchesses of Berg]]
@@ Line 158: / Line 130: @@
 [[Category:1841 deaths]]
 [[Category:Burials at the Theatine Church, Munich]]
+[[Category:Electresses of the Palatinate]]
+[[Category:Recipients of the Order of Saint Catherine]]
+[[Category:People from the Holy Roman Empire]]

v t e Princesses of Baden by birth
The generations indicate descent from Charles Frederick, the first Grand Duke of a united Baden. Only princesses with articles are included. Later generations do not legally hold a title due to the abolition of the monarchy in 1918-19.
1st generation	Amalie, Princess von Fürstenberg
2nd generation	Caroline, Queen of Bavaria Empress Elizabeth Alexeievna of Russia Frederica, Queen of Sweden Marie, Duchess of Brunswick and Lunenburg Wilhelmine, Grand Duchess of Hesse Alexandrine, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Marie, Princess of Leiningen Cecilie, Grand Duchess Olga Feodorovna of Russia Sophie, Princess of Lippe Leopoldine, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg
3rd generation	Victoria, Queen of Sweden Marie, Duchess of Anhalt
4th generation	Marie Alexandra, Princess Wolfgang of Hesse
5th generation	Margarita, Princess Tomislav of Yugoslavia*
*Titular princess of Baden due to the 1918 German Revolution

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF WorldCat
National	Germany Italy Israel
People	Deutsche Biographie
Other	RISM