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{{short description|Hungarian violinist}}
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[[File:Carl Flesch.jpg|thumb|right|Carl Flesch]]
{{Hungarian name|Flesch Károly}}
'''Carl Flesch''' ({{lang-hu|'''Flesch Károly'''}}, 9 October 1873{{spaced ndash}}14 November 1944) was a [[violin]]ist and [[teacher]].
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2022}}
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[[File:Carl Flesch.jpg|thumb|{{center|Carl Flesch}}]]
'''Carl Flesch''' (born '''Károly Flesch''', 9 October 1873 – 14 November 1944) was a Hungarian classical violinist and teacher. Flesch’s [[compendium]] ''Scale System'' is a staple of violin [[pedagogy]].


==Life and career==
==Life and career==
Flesch was born in Moson (now part of [[Mosonmagyaróvár]]) in [[Hungary]] in 1873. He began playing the violin at seven years of age. At 10 he was taken to [[Vienna]] to study with [[Jakob Grün]]. At 17 he left for [[Paris]], and joined the [[Conservatoire de Paris|Paris Conservatoire]], studying with [[Martin Pierre Marsick]]. He settled in [[Berlin]], and in 1934 in [[London]].
Flesch was born in Moson (now part of [[Mosonmagyaróvár]]) in Hungary in 1873. He began playing the violin at seven years of age. At 10 he was taken to Vienna to study with [[Jakob Grün]]. At 17 he left for [[Paris]], and joined the [[Conservatoire de Paris]], studying with [[Martin Pierre Marsick]]. He settled in 1903 in Amsterdam, in 1908 in Berlin, and in 1934 in London.


He was known for his solo performances in a very wide range of repertoire (from [[Baroque music]] to contemporary), gaining fame as a [[chamber music]] performer. He also taught in [[Bucharest]] (1897-1902), [[Amsterdam]] (1903–08), [[Philadelphia]] (1924–28) and Berlin (Hochschule fuer Musik, 1929–34). He published a number of instructional books, including ''Die Kunst des Violin-Spiels'' (''The Art of Violin Playing'', 1923) in which he advocated for the violinist as artist rather than merely virtuoso. Among his pupils were [[Charles Barkel]], [[Edwin Bélanger]], [[Bronislaw Gimpel]], [[Ivry Gitlis]], [[Szymon Goldberg]], [[Ida Haendel]], [[Josef Hassid]], Adolf Leschinski, [[Alma Moodie]], [[Ginette Neveu]], [[Yfrah Neaman]], [[Ricardo Odnoposoff]], [[Eric Rosenblith]], [[Max Rostal]], [[Henryk Szeryng]], [[Henri Temianka]], [[Roman Totenberg]] and [[Josef Wolfsthal]], all of whom achieved considerable fame as both performers and pedagogues. He said his favorite pupil was the [[Australia]]n [[Alma Moodie]], who achieved great fame in the 1920s and 1930s but made no recordings and is little known today.<ref>[http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=200434279037623;res=E-LIBRARY Kay Dreyfus, Alma Moodie and the Landscape of Giftedness, 2002]</ref> In his memoirs he said, " ... there was above all Henry [i.e., Henri] Temianka, who did great credit to the [Curtis] Institute: both musically and technically, he possessed a model collection of talents."<ref>Carl Flesch: ''The Memoirs of Carl Flesch'' (trans. [[Hans Keller]] and ed. by him in collaboration with C.F.Flesch); foreword by [[Max Rostal]] (1957)</ref> {{See LMST|Carl|Flesch}}
He was known for his solo performances in a very wide range of repertoire (from [[Baroque music]] to contemporary), gaining fame as a [[chamber music]] performer. He also taught in Bucharest (1897–1902), Amsterdam (1903–08), [[Philadelphia]] (1924–28) and Berlin (Hochschule für Musik, 1929–34). He published a number of instructional books, including ''Die Kunst des Violin-Spiels'' (''The Art of Violin Playing'', 1923) in which he advocated for the violinist as artist rather than merely virtuoso. Among his pupils were [[Charles Barkel]], [[Edwin Bélanger]], [[Norbert Brainin]], [[Felix Galimir]], [[Bronislaw Gimpel]], [[Ivry Gitlis]], [[Szymon Goldberg]], [[Ida Haendel]], Zvi (Heinrich) Haftel, [[Josef Hassid]], Adolf Leschinski, [[Alma Moodie]], [[Ginette Neveu]], [[Yfrah Neaman]], [[Ricardo Odnoposoff]], [[Eric Rosenblith]], [[Max Rostal]], [[Henryk Szeryng]], [[Henri Temianka]], [[Roman Totenberg]] and [[Josef Wolfsthal]], all of whom achieved considerable fame as both performers and pedagogues. He said his favorite pupil was the Australian [[Alma Moodie]], who achieved great fame in the 1920s and 1930s but made no recordings and is little known today.<ref>[http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=200434279037623;res=E-LIBRARY Kay Dreyfus, Alma Moodie and the Landscape of Giftedness, 2002]</ref> In his memoirs he said, "there was above all Henry [i.e., Henri] Temianka, who did great credit to the [Curtis] Institute: both musically and technically, he possessed a model collection of talents."<ref>Carl Flesch: ''The Memoirs of Carl Flesch'' (trans. [[Hans Keller]] and ed. by him in collaboration with C.F.Flesch); foreword by [[Max Rostal]] (1957)</ref> {{See LMST|Carl|Flesch}}


One of Flesch's few recordings is a highly distinguished interpretation of Bach's great D minor Double Violin Concerto (Columbia) in which he played second violin to the great [[Joseph Szigeti]], with Walter Goehr conducting an anonymous London string orchestra in the late 1930s.
One of Flesch's few recordings is a highly distinguished interpretation of Bach's great D minor Double Violin Concerto (Columbia) in which he played second violin to the great [[Joseph Szigeti]], with Walter Goehr conducting an anonymous London string orchestra in the late 1930s.


He was consulted (as was [[Oskar Adler]]) by [[Louis Krasner]] over technical difficulties in the [[Violin Concerto (Berg)|Violin Concerto]] of [[Alban Berg]], which Krasner was to premiere. Carl Flesch's ''Scale System'' is a staple of violin pedagogy.
He was consulted (as was [[Oskar Adler]]) by [[Louis Krasner]] over technical difficulties in Alban Berg's [[Violin Concerto (Berg)|Violin Concerto]], which Krasner was to premiere.


He owned the ''Brancaccio'' [[Stradivarius]], but had to sell it in 1928 after losing all his money on the [[New York Stock Exchange]].
He owned the ''[[List of Stradivarius instruments#Violins|Brancaccio]]'' [[Stradivarius]], but had to sell it in 1931 after losing all his money on the [[New York Stock Exchange]].


Flesch lived in London during the 1930s, and was later arrested by the Gestapo in the Netherlands,<ref>Carl Flesch The memoirs of Carl Flesch - 1979 "Thus both my parents stayed on in Holland. My father was, of course, not allowed to teach or play and occupied most of ... Both my parents were arrested twice but my father had been lucky enough to have in his possession a letter from ..."</ref><ref>Alma Rosé: Vienna to Auschwitz Richard Newman, Karen Kirtley - 2000 "same day Alma, in despair, wrote a letter of farewell to Carl Flesch, who was still in Holland, protected since March by his status as a "[[blue knight]]"</ref><ref>Special treatment: the untold story of Hitler's third race Alan E. Abrams - 1985 "They were the Hungarian-born, internationally renowned violinist and composer Carl Flesch and his wife, the Dutch-born former Berta Josephus "</ref><ref>F. C. DeCoste, Bernard Schwartz The Holocaust's ghost: writings on art, politics, law, and education - 2000 p79 " ... and therewith stopped his visits, only to find himself back in Gestapo custody after the Netherlands, where he had moved, was overrun. "</ref> was released, and died in [[Lucerne]], [[Switzerland]], in November 1944.
Because of his Jewish origins,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Karoly-Flesch|title = Károly Flesch &#124; Hungarian violinist and teacher &#124; Britannica}}</ref> Flesch had to move to London during the 1930s, and was later arrested by the Gestapo in the Netherlands,<ref>Carl Flesch The memoirs of Carl Flesch - 1979 "Thus both my parents stayed on in Holland. My father was, of course, not allowed to teach or play and occupied most of ... Both my parents were arrested twice but my father had been lucky enough to have in his possession a letter from ..."</ref><ref>Alma Rosé: Vienna to Auschwitz Richard Newman, Karen Kirtley - 2000 "same day Alma, in despair, wrote a letter of farewell to Carl Flesch, who was still in Holland, protected since March by his status as a "[[blue knight]]"</ref><ref>Special treatment: the untold story of Hitler's third race Alan E. Abrams - 1985 "They were the Hungarian-born, internationally renowned violinist and composer Carl Flesch and his wife, the Dutch-born former Berta Josephus "</ref><ref>F. C. DeCoste, Bernard Schwartz The Holocaust's ghost: writings on art, politics, law, and education - 2000 p79 " ... and therewith stopped his visits, only to find himself back in Gestapo custody after the Netherlands, where he had moved, was overrun. "</ref> was released thanks to Furtwängler's intervention,<ref>{{cite web |title=Manuskriptdienst SWR2 Stolpersteine Carl Flesch |url=https://www.swr.de/-/id=14380818/property=download/nid=12117596/9c515v/carl-flesch-baden-baden.pdf}}</ref> and died in [[Lucerne]], Switzerland, in November 1944.


== References ==
== References ==
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* [http://fleschviolincompetition.com/en/programme/ Flesch Károly Violin Competition]
* [http://fleschviolincompetition.com/en/programme/ Flesch Károly Violin Competition]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014163445/http://www.carl-flesch.de/ A page on Flesch by José Sánchez-Penzo]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20081014163445/http://www.carl-flesch.de/ A page on Flesch by José Sánchez-Penzo]
* {{Gutenberg author |id=Flesch,+Carl | name=Carl Flesch}}
* {{Gutenberg author |id=3357| name=Carl Flesch}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Carl Flesch}}
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Carl Flesch}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716210227/http://www.nederlandsmuziekinstituut.nl/en/archives/list-of-music-archives?task=listdetail&id=2_7030 Carl Flesch Archive] in the [[Netherlands Music Institute]], with biography
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716210227/http://www.nederlandsmuziekinstituut.nl/en/archives/list-of-music-archives?task=listdetail&id=2_7030 Carl Flesch Archive] in the [[Netherlands Music Institute]], with biography
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Flesch, Carl}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Flesch, Carl}}
[[Category:1873 births]]
[[Category:20th-century classical violinists]]
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[[Category:1944 deaths]]
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[[Category:People from Mosonmagyaróvár]]
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[[Category:Hungarian Jews]]
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[[Category:Austro-Hungarian Jews]]
[[Category:Hungarian classical violinists]]
[[Category:Hungarian classical violinists]]
[[Category:Male classical violinists]]
[[Category:Jewish classical violinists]]
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[[Category:Hungarian male classical violinists]]
[[Category:Violin educators]]
[[Category:Hungarian music educators]]
[[Category:Hungarian music educators]]
[[Category:Violin pedagogues]]
[[Category:Hungarian Jews]]
[[Category:Jewish violinists]]
[[Category:Jews from Austria-Hungary]]
[[Category:Expatriates from Austria-Hungary in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Expatriates from Austria-Hungary in Germany]]
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[[Category:People from Mosonmagyaróvár]]
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[[Category:1873 births]]
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[[Category:1944 deaths]]

Latest revision as of 16:10, 10 July 2024

The native form of this personal name is Flesch Károly. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.

Carl Flesch

Carl Flesch (born Károly Flesch, 9 October 1873 – 14 November 1944) was a Hungarian classical violinist and teacher. Flesch’s compendium Scale System is a staple of violin pedagogy.

Life and career

[edit]

Flesch was born in Moson (now part of Mosonmagyaróvár) in Hungary in 1873. He began playing the violin at seven years of age. At 10 he was taken to Vienna to study with Jakob Grün. At 17 he left for Paris, and joined the Conservatoire de Paris, studying with Martin Pierre Marsick. He settled in 1903 in Amsterdam, in 1908 in Berlin, and in 1934 in London.

He was known for his solo performances in a very wide range of repertoire (from Baroque music to contemporary), gaining fame as a chamber music performer. He also taught in Bucharest (1897–1902), Amsterdam (1903–08), Philadelphia (1924–28) and Berlin (Hochschule für Musik, 1929–34). He published a number of instructional books, including Die Kunst des Violin-Spiels (The Art of Violin Playing, 1923) in which he advocated for the violinist as artist rather than merely virtuoso. Among his pupils were Charles Barkel, Edwin Bélanger, Norbert Brainin, Felix Galimir, Bronislaw Gimpel, Ivry Gitlis, Szymon Goldberg, Ida Haendel, Zvi (Heinrich) Haftel, Josef Hassid, Adolf Leschinski, Alma Moodie, Ginette Neveu, Yfrah Neaman, Ricardo Odnoposoff, Eric Rosenblith, Max Rostal, Henryk Szeryng, Henri Temianka, Roman Totenberg and Josef Wolfsthal, all of whom achieved considerable fame as both performers and pedagogues. He said his favorite pupil was the Australian Alma Moodie, who achieved great fame in the 1920s and 1930s but made no recordings and is little known today.[1] In his memoirs he said, "there was above all Henry [i.e., Henri] Temianka, who did great credit to the [Curtis] Institute: both musically and technically, he possessed a model collection of talents."[2] See: List of music students by teacher: C to F#Carl Flesch.

One of Flesch's few recordings is a highly distinguished interpretation of Bach's great D minor Double Violin Concerto (Columbia) in which he played second violin to the great Joseph Szigeti, with Walter Goehr conducting an anonymous London string orchestra in the late 1930s.

He was consulted (as was Oskar Adler) by Louis Krasner over technical difficulties in Alban Berg's Violin Concerto, which Krasner was to premiere.

He owned the Brancaccio Stradivarius, but had to sell it in 1931 after losing all his money on the New York Stock Exchange.

Because of his Jewish origins,[3] Flesch had to move to London during the 1930s, and was later arrested by the Gestapo in the Netherlands,[4][5][6][7] was released thanks to Furtwängler's intervention,[8] and died in Lucerne, Switzerland, in November 1944.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Kay Dreyfus, Alma Moodie and the Landscape of Giftedness, 2002
  2. ^ Carl Flesch: The Memoirs of Carl Flesch (trans. Hans Keller and ed. by him in collaboration with C.F.Flesch); foreword by Max Rostal (1957)
  3. ^ "Károly Flesch | Hungarian violinist and teacher | Britannica".
  4. ^ Carl Flesch The memoirs of Carl Flesch - 1979 "Thus both my parents stayed on in Holland. My father was, of course, not allowed to teach or play and occupied most of ... Both my parents were arrested twice but my father had been lucky enough to have in his possession a letter from ..."
  5. ^ Alma Rosé: Vienna to Auschwitz Richard Newman, Karen Kirtley - 2000 "same day Alma, in despair, wrote a letter of farewell to Carl Flesch, who was still in Holland, protected since March by his status as a "blue knight"
  6. ^ Special treatment: the untold story of Hitler's third race Alan E. Abrams - 1985 "They were the Hungarian-born, internationally renowned violinist and composer Carl Flesch and his wife, the Dutch-born former Berta Josephus "
  7. ^ F. C. DeCoste, Bernard Schwartz The Holocaust's ghost: writings on art, politics, law, and education - 2000 p79 " ... and therewith stopped his visits, only to find himself back in Gestapo custody after the Netherlands, where he had moved, was overrun. "
  8. ^ "Manuskriptdienst SWR2 Stolpersteine Carl Flesch" (PDF).
[edit]
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