Topgolf: Difference between revisions
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'''Topgolf''' is a golf [[driving range]] game with electronically tracked golf balls and automatically scored drives that started in 2000 and grew to become a multinational sports entertainment company. Headquartered in [[ |
'''Topgolf''' is a golf [[driving range]] game with electronically tracked golf balls and automatically scored drives that started in 2000 and grew to become a multinational [[sports entertainment]] company. Headquartered in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], it has locations in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Mexico, Thailand, and the United Arab Emirates. In October 2020, publicly traded [[Callaway Golf]] announced it was acquiring Topgolf, with the merger completed in March 2021 and the merged company adopting the name [[Topgolf Callaway Brands]]. Topgolf locations in Australia are run by a joint venture of Topgolf International (3.7%) and [[Village Roadshow Theme Parks]]. In Canada, a joint venture with [[Cineplex Entertainment]] was established to operate locations there, but was abandoned by Cineplex in 2020. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:TopGolf Silicon Valley in the Alviso District of San Jose, California 2347 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Topgolf [[Silicon Valley]], in [[San Jose, California]].]] |
[[File:TopGolf Silicon Valley in the Alviso District of San Jose, California 2347 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Topgolf [[Silicon Valley]], in [[San Jose, California]].]] |
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Twin brothers Steve and Dave Jolliffe had sold their [[mystery shopping]] business and were looking for a new project in 1997. Both golfers, they began complaining about golf's issues: the time factor and lackluster driving ranges. Looking to improve the game, the Jolliffes looked to the then-new commercial microchip technology and placed it in the golf ball. From this, they designed a new game, Topgolf, which is a redesigned driving range. In [[Watford]], just outside London, the twins built the first location, which opened in 2000. The golfing community and businesses were not enthusiastic about the game. The PGA and golf equipment companies refused to get involved.<ref name="epn">{{cite news |last1=Notte |first1=Jason |title=The Topgolf Founders Fought Through Countless Rejections -- and Built America's Favorite New Game |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/319674 |access-date=May 1, 2019 |work=Entrepreneur |date=September 19, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> |
Twin brothers Steve and Dave Jolliffe had sold their [[mystery shopping]] business and were looking for a new project in 1997. Both golfers, they began complaining about golf's issues: the time factor and lackluster driving ranges. Looking to improve the game, the Jolliffes looked to the then-new commercial microchip technology and placed it in the golf ball. From this, they designed a new game, Topgolf, which is a redesigned driving range. In [[Watford]], just outside London, the twins built the first location, which opened in 2000. The golfing community and businesses were not enthusiastic about the game. The PGA and golf equipment companies refused to get involved.<ref name="epn">{{cite news |last1=Notte |first1=Jason |title=The Topgolf Founders Fought Through Countless Rejections -- and Built America's Favorite New Game |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/319674 |access-date=May 1, 2019 |work=Entrepreneur |date=September 19, 2018 |language=en |archive-date=June 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606110704/https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/319674 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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In 2003, bankers approached Richard Grogan to invest but were rejected. Grogan later had been induced to visit the Topgolf facility in February 2004. Seeing only a 5% return on investment, Grogan turned them down again, although he was otherwise impressed during the visit. Grogan with three other partners—David Main, Eric Wilkinson, Tom Mendell—then struck upon how to increase business by making it an experience by having an event space, larger kitchens, and restaurants, making locations 3 to 4 times the original's size.<ref name="epn" /> Grogan, Main, Wilkinson, Mendell founded and started up the US licensee, Topgolf International, and found investors. WestRiver Group was a lead investor.<ref name="inc">{{cite news |last1=Goldberg |first1=Steve |title=Forget WeWork. Topgolf Is Fast Becoming the Cool Place to Do Business |url=https://www.inc.com/magazine/201902/steve-goldberg/topgolf-golf-course-interactive-video-game-simulator.html |access-date=May 1, 2019 |work=Inc.com |date=December 17, 2018}}</ref> |
In 2003, bankers approached Richard Grogan to invest but were rejected. Grogan later had been induced to visit the Topgolf facility in February 2004. Seeing only a 5% return on investment, Grogan turned them down again, although he was otherwise impressed during the visit. Grogan with three other partners—David Main, Eric Wilkinson, Tom Mendell—then struck upon how to increase business by making it an experience by having an event space, larger kitchens, and restaurants, making locations 3 to 4 times the original's size.<ref name="epn" /> Grogan, Main, Wilkinson, Mendell founded and started up the US licensee, Topgolf International, and found investors. WestRiver Group was a lead investor.<ref name="inc">{{cite news |last1=Goldberg |first1=Steve |title=Forget WeWork. Topgolf Is Fast Becoming the Cool Place to Do Business |url=https://www.inc.com/magazine/201902/steve-goldberg/topgolf-golf-course-interactive-video-game-simulator.html |access-date=May 1, 2019 |work=Inc.com |date=December 17, 2018 |archive-date=January 31, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131043222/https://www.inc.com/magazine/201902/steve-goldberg/topgolf-golf-course-interactive-video-game-simulator.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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[[Alexandria, Virginia]] was selected due to its close proximity to Washington, D.C., which could attract government officials from golf courses. This location opened in 2005. This location struggled so Grogan decided, although it is in a colder climate, to open a location in Chicago. Snow closed the location for its first four weeks and caused equipment damage. The next Topgolf location, Dallas, was selected for its connection to golf, a warmer environment, and Fortune 500 companies. With little traffic at any location, Grogan expect to be closed by May 2007. With an energetic Dallas staff in February 2007, Grogan and Main brainstormed a number of low-tech marketing techniques to draw customers as they needed to explain Topgolf like in the UK. After six months, the Dallas facility had a six-hour wait.<ref name="epn" /> |
[[Alexandria, Virginia]] was selected due to its close proximity to Washington, D.C., which could attract government officials from golf courses. This location opened in 2005. This location struggled so Grogan decided, although it is in a colder climate, to open a location in Chicago. Snow closed the location for its first four weeks and caused equipment damage. The next Topgolf location, Dallas, was selected for its connection to golf, a warmer environment, and Fortune 500 companies. With little traffic at any location, Grogan expect to be closed by May 2007. With an energetic Dallas staff in February 2007, Grogan and Main brainstormed a number of low-tech marketing techniques to draw customers as they needed to explain Topgolf like in the UK. After six months, the Dallas facility had a six-hour wait.<ref name="epn" /> |
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In 2009, Topgolf International (US) acquired Topgolf UK<ref name="inc" /> then in July from World Golf Systems the Topgolf intellectual property aspects.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sherman |first1=Ed |title=TopGolf adds to arsenal |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20090722/BLOGS05/307229991/topgolf-adds-to-arsenal |access-date=May 1, 2019 |work=Crain's Chicago Business |date=July 22, 2009 |language=en}}</ref> By 2011, WestRiver's head Erik Anderson took over the executive chairman post from Grogan. Anderson moved to have newer |
In 2009, Topgolf International (US) acquired Topgolf UK<ref name="inc" /> then in July from World Golf Systems the Topgolf intellectual property aspects.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sherman |first1=Ed |title=TopGolf adds to arsenal |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20090722/BLOGS05/307229991/topgolf-adds-to-arsenal |access-date=May 1, 2019 |work=Crain's Chicago Business |date=July 22, 2009 |language=en |archive-date=May 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501211201/https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20090722/BLOGS05/307229991/topgolf-adds-to-arsenal |url-status=live }}</ref> By 2011, WestRiver's head Erik Anderson took over the executive chairman post from Grogan. Anderson moved to have newer locations be even larger, with a full line kitchen and executive chefs replacing small kitchens and more golfer space.<ref name="epn" /> Ten locations were opened in 2013. Topgolf had sales of $163.5 million in 2014 to make the Inc. 500.<ref name="inc" /> Mobile phone apps were issued in 2013, with social media digital walls added to locations in 2015.<ref name="epn" /> |
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By 2015, Topgolf had 28 locations that brought in 8 million customers. In January 2016, the company purchased the [[World Golf Tour]] gaming company.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.golfdigest.com/story/topgolf-is-about-to-get-even-better-after-its-latest-acquisition-world-golf-tour|title=Topgolf is about to get even better after its latest acquisition, World Golf Tour |
By 2015, Topgolf had 28 locations that brought in 8 million customers. In January 2016, the company purchased the [[World Golf Tour]] gaming company.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.golfdigest.com/story/topgolf-is-about-to-get-even-better-after-its-latest-acquisition-world-golf-tour|title=Topgolf is about to get even better after its latest acquisition, World Golf Tour|last=Mayo|first=Ashley|work=Golf Digest|date=January 27, 2016|access-date=June 20, 2016|archive-date=May 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520064150/http://www.golfdigest.com/story/topgolf-is-about-to-get-even-better-after-its-latest-acquisition-world-golf-tour?|url-status=live}}</ref> Also that year, Protracer golf ball tracking technology was purchased and renamed Toptracer.<ref name="epn" /> |
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Topgolf and [[Village Roadshow Theme Parks]] agreed in 2016 to a joint venture to bring Topgolf to Australia. Village Roadshow received a 67% stake in the joint venture by providing 100% of the startup funds.<ref name="afr">{{cite news |last1=Mason |first1=Max |title=Village Roadshow board halts Topgolf expansion plans amid Kirby family fallout |url=https://www.afr.com/lifestyle/arts-and-entertainment/film-and-tv/village-roadshow-board-halts-topgolf-expansion-plans-amid-kirby-family-fallout-20190116-h1a4pi |access-date=May 1, 2019 |work=Australian Financial Review |date=January 16, 2019 |language=en}}</ref> On June 23, 2016, it was announced that Village Roadshow would open a venue next door to its popular theme |
Topgolf and [[Village Roadshow Theme Parks]] agreed in 2016 to a joint venture to bring Topgolf to Australia. Village Roadshow received a 67% stake in the joint venture by providing 100% of the startup funds.<ref name="afr">{{cite news |last1=Mason |first1=Max |title=Village Roadshow board halts Topgolf expansion plans amid Kirby family fallout |url=https://www.afr.com/lifestyle/arts-and-entertainment/film-and-tv/village-roadshow-board-halts-topgolf-expansion-plans-amid-kirby-family-fallout-20190116-h1a4pi |access-date=May 1, 2019 |work=Australian Financial Review |date=January 16, 2019 |language=en |archive-date=May 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501211200/https://www.afr.com/lifestyle/arts-and-entertainment/film-and-tv/village-roadshow-board-halts-topgolf-expansion-plans-amid-kirby-family-fallout-20190116-h1a4pi |url-status=live }}</ref> On June 23, 2016, it was announced that Village Roadshow would open a venue next door to its popular theme park, [[Warner Bros. Movie World]] in [[Oxenford, Queensland]] in [[Australia]]. This was the first Topgolf venue outside the US and the UK<ref>{{cite web|url=http://video.news.com.au/v/471984/Movie-World-to-bring-Topgolf-to-Australia-in-2017|title=Movie World to bring Topgolf to Australia in 2017|website=News.com.au|access-date=2016-06-23|archive-date=August 13, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813092503/http://video.news.com.au/v/471984/Movie-World-to-bring-Topgolf-to-Australia-in-2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> The location opened in June 2018. Village indicated in March 2018 that they were looking for location proposals for up to eight Australia and Asia/Pacific locations. In July 2018, Village Roadshow sold $50 million in shares to fund Topgolf and for other purposes. In August 2018, Topgolf Australia reduced its stake in the joint venture from 33% to 3.7% with options to boost its share back up to 33% before December 31, 2020. Despite this action, Village Roadshow CEO Clark Kirby said the company continues to actively pursue other locations after encouraging financial results from Topgolf Australia.<ref name="afr" /> |
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In 2017, Topgolf created a new television series titled ''Who Will Rock You'', where eight of the best unsigned bands across the country compete for $50,000 and a Topgolf tour. Season one premiered in May 2018 won by Crimson Riot |
In 2017, Topgolf created a new television series titled ''Who Will Rock You'', where eight of the best unsigned bands across the country compete for $50,000 and a Topgolf tour. Season one premiered in May 2018 won by [[Crimson Riot]] female-led rock group. A second season with Matador Content and music publisher [[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]] was agreed upon with a March 28, 2019 start with 12 unsigned bands and a prize of $50,000 and signing with BMG.<ref name=bbd>{{cite magazine |last1=Brooks |first1=Dave |title=Topgolf, Matador and BMG Partner On Second Season of 'Who Will Rock You?' |url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8502400/topgolf-matador-bmg-who-will-rock-you |access-date=January 9, 2020 |magazine=Billboard |date=March 13, 2019 |archive-date=September 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923134039/https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/8502400/topgolf-matador-bmg-who-will-rock-you |url-status=live }}</ref> Topgolf Studios had four series available on its YouTube channel by October 2, 2019. At that time, the unit agreed with [[Will Smith]]'s Westbrook Media to produce additional series with the unit for Topgolf starting with ''This Joka'' comedian documentary series.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Spangler |first1=Todd |title=Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith's Westbrook Media Inks Production Deal With Topgolf Studios |url=https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/will-smith-jada-pinkett-smith-westbrook-media-topgolf-studios-1203355192/ |access-date=January 9, 2020 |work=Variety |date=October 2, 2019 |language=en |archive-date=January 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125055734/https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/will-smith-jada-pinkett-smith-westbrook-media-topgolf-studios-1203355192/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Canadian movie theatre company [[Cineplex Entertainment]] announced it entered a joint venture with Topgolf in July 2017 to open several Topgolf entertainment locations across Canada.<ref>{{cite news |
Canadian movie theatre company [[Cineplex Entertainment]] announced it entered a joint venture with Topgolf in July 2017 to open several Topgolf entertainment locations across Canada.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cineplex to open Topgolf complexes in Canada |url=https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/cineplex-to-open-topgolf-complexes-in-canada-1.814148 |access-date=January 9, 2020 |agency=The Canadian Press |work=BNN Bloomberg |date=July 26, 2017 |archive-date=October 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013205937/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/cineplex-to-open-topgolf-complexes-in-canada-1.814148 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, in 2020, Topgolf and Cineplex mutually agreed to cancel the agreement due to financial pressure on Cineplex as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cineplex reports $98.9 million Q2 loss with movie theatres closed |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/cineplex-loss-covid-1.5686574 |access-date=May 15, 2021 |agency=CBC |work=CBC |date=August 14, 2020 |archive-date=June 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210626162842/https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/cineplex-loss-covid-1.5686574 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Topgolf gave the [[Seattle metropolitan area|Seattle area]] a preview of the venue with its first Crush event at [[T-Mobile Park]] in February 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Soper |first1=Taylor |title=Topgolf comes to Seattle: Testing the driving range-meets-bowling-alley concept at Safeco Field |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2017/topgolf-comes-seattle-testing-driving-range-meets-bowling-alley-concept-safeco-field/ |access-date=February 14, 2020 |work=GeekWire |date=February 19, 2017}}</ref> On April 9, 2019, the company announced the first location for a new smaller version of its venue, Topgolf Lounge, in [[Kirkland, Washington|Kirkland]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<ref name="kiro">{{cite news |title=First-ever 'Topgolf Lounge' coming to Kirkland |url=https://www.kiro7.com/news/local/first-ever-topgolf-lounge-coming-to-kirkland/938456580/ |access-date=February 14, 2020 |work=KIRO |publisher=Cox Media Group |date=April 9, 2019}}</ref> and it opened in January 2020.<ref name="gwire">{{cite news | |
Topgolf gave the [[Seattle metropolitan area|Seattle area]] a preview of the venue with its first Crush event at [[T-Mobile Park]] in February 2017.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Soper |first1=Taylor |title=Topgolf comes to Seattle: Testing the driving range-meets-bowling-alley concept at Safeco Field |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2017/topgolf-comes-seattle-testing-driving-range-meets-bowling-alley-concept-safeco-field/ |access-date=February 14, 2020 |work=GeekWire |date=February 19, 2017 |archive-date=October 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013144829/https://www.geekwire.com/2017/topgolf-comes-seattle-testing-driving-range-meets-bowling-alley-concept-safeco-field/ |url-status=live }}</ref> On April 9, 2019, the company announced the first location for a new smaller version of its venue, Topgolf Lounge, in [[Kirkland, Washington|Kirkland]], [[Washington (state)|Washington]]<ref name="kiro">{{cite news |title=First-ever 'Topgolf Lounge' coming to Kirkland |url=https://www.kiro7.com/news/local/first-ever-topgolf-lounge-coming-to-kirkland/938456580/ |access-date=February 14, 2020 |work=KIRO |publisher=Cox Media Group |date=April 9, 2019 |archive-date=January 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200103000700/https://www.kiro7.com/news/local/first-ever-topgolf-lounge-coming-to-kirkland/938456580/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and it opened in January 2020.<ref name="gwire">{{cite news |date=June 9, 2024 |title=Topgolf US Locations |url=https://topgolf.com/us/locations/ |url-status=live |work=Topgolf}}</ref> On August 3, 2021, Topgolf broke ground on a new venue in [[Renton, Washington|Renton]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Topgolf Breaks Ground on Renton Venue |url=https://rentonwa.gov/news/current_news/topgolf_breaks_ground_on_renton_venue |website=City of Renton |access-date=18 August 2021 |date=3 August 2021 |archive-date=August 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818220059/https://rentonwa.gov/news/current_news/topgolf_breaks_ground_on_renton_venue |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Barry |first1=Kara |title=Topgolf to begin construction on first multi-level Seattle-area venue |url=https://press.topgolf.com/2021-08-03-Topgolf-to-Begin-Construction-on-First-Multi-level-Seattle-area-Venue |website=Topgolf Entertainment Group |publisher=©2021 Topgolf International, Inc. |access-date=18 August 2021 |date=3 August 2021 |archive-date=August 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818223620/https://press.topgolf.com/2021-08-03-Topgolf-to-Begin-Construction-on-First-Multi-level-Seattle-area-Venue |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Schlosser |first1=Kurt |title=Topgolf is officially bringing one of its high-tech sports and entertainment venues to Seattle area |url=https://www.geekwire.com/2021/topgolf-officially-bringing-one-high-tech-sports-entertainment-venues-seattle-area/ |website=GeekWire |access-date=18 August 2021 |date=2 August 2021 |archive-date=August 18, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818223949/https://www.geekwire.com/2021/topgolf-officially-bringing-one-high-tech-sports-entertainment-venues-seattle-area/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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In September of 2021, the U.S. Department of Labor forced Topgolf to pay 255 employees in 25 states, over $750,000 in back wages for unpaid overtime. Investigators said the company was paying sales managers and event sales consultants a salary plus commission, with no overtime after a 40 hour work week. They said those employees did not meet supervisory requirements, and were eligible for overtime pay. They added that the investigation was opened after the violations were found at the company’s Loudoun County, Virginia location. The Department of Labor said the company’s policy violated the Fair Labor Standards Act.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/atlanta/top-golf-caught-violating-federal-labor-law/IG4PRZ3SJBHZDGZZ5M6B7T3NFE/|title |
In September of 2021, the U.S. Department of Labor forced Topgolf to pay 255 employees in 25 states, over $750,000 in back wages for unpaid overtime. Investigators said the company was paying sales managers and event sales consultants a salary plus commission, with no overtime after a 40 hour work week. They said those employees did not meet supervisory requirements, and were eligible for overtime pay. They added that the investigation was opened after the violations were found at the company’s Loudoun County, Virginia location. The Department of Labor said the company’s policy violated the Fair Labor Standards Act.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/atlanta/top-golf-caught-violating-federal-labor-law/IG4PRZ3SJBHZDGZZ5M6B7T3NFE/|title=Top Golf forced to pay employees, including 11 in Georgia, more than $750k in back pay|date=September 24, 2021|access-date=September 25, 2021|archive-date=September 25, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925060803/https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/atlanta/top-golf-caught-violating-federal-labor-law/IG4PRZ3SJBHZDGZZ5M6B7T3NFE/|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In June of 2024 Lounge by Topgolf was shut down and sold to Five Iron Golf, A company that is partly owned by Topgolf/Callaway Brands. CEO Artie Starrs said this about the sale of Lounge by Topgolf, "Our decision was not a reflection of the lounge concept itself - it's more so a reflection of our focus on outdoor venues as opposed to indoor venues." On July 1, 2024, The transition was complete and the Kirkland, Washington location was transitioned over to Five Iron Golf. |
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== Merger with Callaway == |
== Merger with Callaway == |
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On October 27, 2020, [[Callaway Golf Company]] announced it would acquire Topgolf for $2 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/callaway-golf-acquires-topgolf-entertainment-in-2b-deal-2020-10?r=DE&IR=T|title=Callaway Golf just acquired all of Topgolf in an appeal to millennial customers|work=Businessinsider.com|date=2020-10-27|access-date=2020-10-27}}</ref> At the time, Callaway held a 14% share of Topgolf.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lombardo|first=Cara|date=2020-10-27|title=Callaway Golf to Buy Rest of Topgolf Entertainment|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/callaway-nears-deal-to-buy-rest-of-topgolf-11603816074|access-date=2020-11-23|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Callaway had invested in Topgolf since 2006, with CEO Chip Brewer serving on the Topgolf board since 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Topgolf CEO discusses merger with Callaway, continued international expansion|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2020/11/21/topgolf-callaway.html|access-date=2020-11-23|website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> |
On October 27, 2020, [[Callaway Golf Company]] announced it would acquire Topgolf for $2 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/callaway-golf-acquires-topgolf-entertainment-in-2b-deal-2020-10?r=DE&IR=T|title=Callaway Golf just acquired all of Topgolf in an appeal to millennial customers|work=Businessinsider.com|date=2020-10-27|access-date=2020-10-27|archive-date=November 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101065203/https://www.businessinsider.com/callaway-golf-acquires-topgolf-entertainment-in-2b-deal-2020-10?r=DE&IR=T|url-status=live}}</ref> At the time, Callaway held a 14% share of Topgolf.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lombardo|first=Cara|date=2020-10-27|title=Callaway Golf to Buy Rest of Topgolf Entertainment|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/callaway-nears-deal-to-buy-rest-of-topgolf-11603816074|access-date=2020-11-23|issn=0099-9660|archive-date=February 12, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212085709/https://www.wsj.com/articles/callaway-nears-deal-to-buy-rest-of-topgolf-11603816074|url-status=live}}</ref> Callaway had invested in Topgolf since 2006, with CEO Chip Brewer serving on the Topgolf board since 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Topgolf CEO discusses merger with Callaway, continued international expansion|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2020/11/21/topgolf-callaway.html|access-date=2020-11-23|website=www.bizjournals.com|archive-date=November 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127120826/https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2020/11/21/topgolf-callaway.html|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== Acquisition of BigShots Golf == |
== Acquisition of BigShots Golf == |
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In October 2023, Topgolf Callaway successfully completed the acquisition of its competitor, BigShots Golf, for a sum of $29 million. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.topgolf.club/post/topgolf-callaway-acquires-bigshots-golf|title=Topgolf Callaway Acquires Bigshots Golf|work=topgolf.club|date=2023-11-09|access-date=2023-11-25}}</ref> This strategic maneuver entailed a significant financial commitment, as Topgolf acquired four operational BigShots venues in the United States at the cost of approximately $29 million. Furthermore, the agreement encompasses the potential rights for developing additional locations, signaling a commitment to future expansion. |
In October 2023, Topgolf Callaway successfully completed the acquisition of its competitor, BigShots Golf, for a sum of $29 million. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.topgolf.club/post/topgolf-callaway-acquires-bigshots-golf|title=Topgolf Callaway Acquires Bigshots Golf|work=topgolf.club|date=2023-11-09|access-date=2023-11-25|archive-date=November 25, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231125233135/https://www.topgolf.club/post/topgolf-callaway-acquires-bigshots-golf|url-status=live}}</ref> This strategic maneuver entailed a significant financial commitment, as Topgolf acquired four operational BigShots venues in the United States at the cost of approximately $29 million. Furthermore, the agreement encompasses the potential rights for developing additional locations, signaling a commitment to future expansion. |
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==Games== |
==Games== |
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There are multiple Topgolf game variations, the micro chipped golf balls score themselves, providing players with instant feedback on each shot's accuracy and distance.<ref name="ncg">{{cite news |last1=Beedle |first1=Matthew |title=What is Topgolf? Where is your nearest venue? |url=https://www.nationalclubgolfer.com/news/what-is-topgolf/ |access-date=May 1, 2019 |work=National Club Golfer |publisher=Sports Publications Ltd. |date=January 1, 2018 |language=en}}</ref> |
There are multiple Topgolf game variations, the micro chipped golf balls score themselves, providing players with instant feedback on each shot's accuracy and distance.<ref name="ncg">{{cite news |last1=Beedle |first1=Matthew |title=What is Topgolf? Where is your nearest venue? |url=https://www.nationalclubgolfer.com/news/what-is-topgolf/ |access-date=May 1, 2019 |work=National Club Golfer |publisher=Sports Publications Ltd. |date=January 1, 2018 |language=en |archive-date=May 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501211210/https://www.nationalclubgolfer.com/news/what-is-topgolf/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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*'''Topgolf''' – Players aim for 11 giant dartboard-like targets. The further the shot goes and the closer to the pin, the more points the player receives. |
*'''Topgolf''' – Players aim for 11 giant dartboard-like targets. The further the shot goes and the closer to the pin, the more points the player receives. |
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Line 68: | Line 70: | ||
*'''TopShot''' – Similar to TopChip. You have to hit targets at four consecutive distances (5 shots each) Whichever starting target you choose (red, yellow, green or brown) determines the games level of difficulty |
*'''TopShot''' – Similar to TopChip. You have to hit targets at four consecutive distances (5 shots each) Whichever starting target you choose (red, yellow, green or brown) determines the games level of difficulty |
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*'''TopPressure''' – An accuracy game, in which you need to hit all nine sections within the yellow target. Move on to the second and third level to see the value of points multiply, hit the same section twice on level 2 and 3 and points will be deducted.<ref name="ncg" /><!-- for the whole list --> |
*'''TopPressure''' – An accuracy game, in which you need to hit all nine sections within the yellow target. Move on to the second and third level to see the value of points multiply, hit the same section twice on level 2 and 3 and points will be deducted.<ref name="ncg" /><!-- for the whole list --> |
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*'''Angry Birds''' |
*'''Angry Birds''' – Angry Birds, you aim the ball to hit the angry birds level on screen, this game is only available at Toptracer Locations. |
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== Locations == |
== Locations == |
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[[File:TopGolf Vegas Tees.jpg|thumb|Picture of tees at Topgolf in Las Vegas, Nevada]] |
[[File:TopGolf Vegas Tees.jpg|thumb|Picture of tees at Topgolf in Las Vegas, Nevada]] |
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[[File:TopGolf Exterior Brandon FL.jpeg|thumb|A Topgolf location in Brandon, Florida.]] |
[[File:TopGolf Exterior Brandon FL.jpeg|thumb|A Topgolf location in Brandon, Florida.]] |
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As of 2020, there were over |
As of 2020, there were over 110 Topgolf locations worldwide;<ref name="gwire"/> four of those were in the United Kingdom,<ref name="ncg"/> including one in Glasgow which broke ground in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |author1=Elliott Heath |date=2022-12-06 |title=Topgolf Glasgow Announces Opening Date |url=https://www.golfmonthly.com/news/topgolf-glasgow-announces-opening-date |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=Golf Monthly Magazine |language=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126212638/https://www.golfmonthly.com/news/topgolf-glasgow-announces-opening-date |archive-date=2023-01-26}}</ref> Other international venues include one in Australia, China, Germany, Mexico, the UAE and Thailand each. <ref name="afr"/> Each Topgolf venue features climate-controlled hitting bays for year-round play, food, beverage, music and HDTVs on which various sports games are shown, such as football, basketball and golf. Topgolf also offers golf lessons, leagues, tournaments, concerts, and corporate and social events. |
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Lounge by Topgolf, is a smaller location with a live sports restaurant, a few public hitting bays and a special events bay plus virtual game simulators. The first one opened on January 17, 2020 in Kirkland Urban second floor, [[Kirkland, Washington]].<ref name="gwire"/> |
Lounge by Topgolf, is a smaller location with a live sports restaurant, a few public hitting bays and a special events bay plus virtual game simulators. The first one opened on January 17, 2020 in Kirkland Urban second floor, [[Kirkland, Washington]].<ref name="gwire"/> |
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Additionally, Topgolf has made its mark in the United States, boasting a network of |
Additionally, Topgolf has made its mark in the United States, boasting a network of 100 locations<ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers of Topgolf in United States {{!}} SmartScrapers |url=https://rentechdigital.com/smartscraper/location-reports/topgolf-locations-in-united-states |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=SmartScraper |language=en |archive-date=January 23, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123115548/https://rentechdigital.com/smartscraper/location-reports/topgolf-locations-in-united-states |url-status=live }}</ref> scattered across the country as of the July 9th, 2024. |
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== See also == |
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* [[Puttshack]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
Revision as of 13:58, 10 July 2024
![]() Topgolf logo | |
Topgolf Entertainment Group | |
Company type | Corporation |
MODG | |
Industry | Sports entertainment |
Founded | 2000 Watford, England, U.K. |
Founders | Steve Jolliffe Dave Jolliffe Mark Murray Barry Cumbie |
Headquarters | , |
Number of locations | 80 |
Area served | |
Key people | |
Brands |
|
Parent | Topgolf Callaway Brands |
Subsidiaries |
|
Website | topgolf |
Topgolf is a golf driving range game with electronically tracked golf balls and automatically scored drives that started in 2000 and grew to become a multinational sports entertainment company. Headquartered in Dallas, Texas, it has locations in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, Mexico, Thailand, and the United Arab Emirates. In October 2020, publicly traded Callaway Golf announced it was acquiring Topgolf, with the merger completed in March 2021 and the merged company adopting the name Topgolf Callaway Brands. Topgolf locations in Australia are run by a joint venture of Topgolf International (3.7%) and Village Roadshow Theme Parks. In Canada, a joint venture with Cineplex Entertainment was established to operate locations there, but was abandoned by Cineplex in 2020.
History
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/TopGolf_Silicon_Valley_in_the_Alviso_District_of_San_Jose%2C_California_2347_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-TopGolf_Silicon_Valley_in_the_Alviso_District_of_San_Jose%2C_California_2347_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Twin brothers Steve and Dave Jolliffe had sold their mystery shopping business and were looking for a new project in 1997. Both golfers, they began complaining about golf's issues: the time factor and lackluster driving ranges. Looking to improve the game, the Jolliffes looked to the then-new commercial microchip technology and placed it in the golf ball. From this, they designed a new game, Topgolf, which is a redesigned driving range. In Watford, just outside London, the twins built the first location, which opened in 2000. The golfing community and businesses were not enthusiastic about the game. The PGA and golf equipment companies refused to get involved.[1]
In 2003, bankers approached Richard Grogan to invest but were rejected. Grogan later had been induced to visit the Topgolf facility in February 2004. Seeing only a 5% return on investment, Grogan turned them down again, although he was otherwise impressed during the visit. Grogan with three other partners—David Main, Eric Wilkinson, Tom Mendell—then struck upon how to increase business by making it an experience by having an event space, larger kitchens, and restaurants, making locations 3 to 4 times the original's size.[1] Grogan, Main, Wilkinson, Mendell founded and started up the US licensee, Topgolf International, and found investors. WestRiver Group was a lead investor.[2]
Alexandria, Virginia was selected due to its close proximity to Washington, D.C., which could attract government officials from golf courses. This location opened in 2005. This location struggled so Grogan decided, although it is in a colder climate, to open a location in Chicago. Snow closed the location for its first four weeks and caused equipment damage. The next Topgolf location, Dallas, was selected for its connection to golf, a warmer environment, and Fortune 500 companies. With little traffic at any location, Grogan expect to be closed by May 2007. With an energetic Dallas staff in February 2007, Grogan and Main brainstormed a number of low-tech marketing techniques to draw customers as they needed to explain Topgolf like in the UK. After six months, the Dallas facility had a six-hour wait.[1]
In 2009, Topgolf International (US) acquired Topgolf UK[2] then in July from World Golf Systems the Topgolf intellectual property aspects.[3] By 2011, WestRiver's head Erik Anderson took over the executive chairman post from Grogan. Anderson moved to have newer locations be even larger, with a full line kitchen and executive chefs replacing small kitchens and more golfer space.[1] Ten locations were opened in 2013. Topgolf had sales of $163.5 million in 2014 to make the Inc. 500.[2] Mobile phone apps were issued in 2013, with social media digital walls added to locations in 2015.[1]
By 2015, Topgolf had 28 locations that brought in 8 million customers. In January 2016, the company purchased the World Golf Tour gaming company.[4] Also that year, Protracer golf ball tracking technology was purchased and renamed Toptracer.[1]
Topgolf and Village Roadshow Theme Parks agreed in 2016 to a joint venture to bring Topgolf to Australia. Village Roadshow received a 67% stake in the joint venture by providing 100% of the startup funds.[5] On June 23, 2016, it was announced that Village Roadshow would open a venue next door to its popular theme park, Warner Bros. Movie World in Oxenford, Queensland in Australia. This was the first Topgolf venue outside the US and the UK[6] The location opened in June 2018. Village indicated in March 2018 that they were looking for location proposals for up to eight Australia and Asia/Pacific locations. In July 2018, Village Roadshow sold $50 million in shares to fund Topgolf and for other purposes. In August 2018, Topgolf Australia reduced its stake in the joint venture from 33% to 3.7% with options to boost its share back up to 33% before December 31, 2020. Despite this action, Village Roadshow CEO Clark Kirby said the company continues to actively pursue other locations after encouraging financial results from Topgolf Australia.[5]
In 2017, Topgolf created a new television series titled Who Will Rock You, where eight of the best unsigned bands across the country compete for $50,000 and a Topgolf tour. Season one premiered in May 2018 won by Crimson Riot female-led rock group. A second season with Matador Content and music publisher BMG was agreed upon with a March 28, 2019 start with 12 unsigned bands and a prize of $50,000 and signing with BMG.[7] Topgolf Studios had four series available on its YouTube channel by October 2, 2019. At that time, the unit agreed with Will Smith's Westbrook Media to produce additional series with the unit for Topgolf starting with This Joka comedian documentary series.[8]
Canadian movie theatre company Cineplex Entertainment announced it entered a joint venture with Topgolf in July 2017 to open several Topgolf entertainment locations across Canada.[9] However, in 2020, Topgolf and Cineplex mutually agreed to cancel the agreement due to financial pressure on Cineplex as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.[10]
Topgolf gave the Seattle area a preview of the venue with its first Crush event at T-Mobile Park in February 2017.[11] On April 9, 2019, the company announced the first location for a new smaller version of its venue, Topgolf Lounge, in Kirkland, Washington[12] and it opened in January 2020.[13] On August 3, 2021, Topgolf broke ground on a new venue in Renton.[14][15][16]
In September of 2021, the U.S. Department of Labor forced Topgolf to pay 255 employees in 25 states, over $750,000 in back wages for unpaid overtime. Investigators said the company was paying sales managers and event sales consultants a salary plus commission, with no overtime after a 40 hour work week. They said those employees did not meet supervisory requirements, and were eligible for overtime pay. They added that the investigation was opened after the violations were found at the company’s Loudoun County, Virginia location. The Department of Labor said the company’s policy violated the Fair Labor Standards Act.[17]
In June of 2024 Lounge by Topgolf was shut down and sold to Five Iron Golf, A company that is partly owned by Topgolf/Callaway Brands. CEO Artie Starrs said this about the sale of Lounge by Topgolf, "Our decision was not a reflection of the lounge concept itself - it's more so a reflection of our focus on outdoor venues as opposed to indoor venues." On July 1, 2024, The transition was complete and the Kirkland, Washington location was transitioned over to Five Iron Golf.
Merger with Callaway
On October 27, 2020, Callaway Golf Company announced it would acquire Topgolf for $2 billion.[18] At the time, Callaway held a 14% share of Topgolf.[19] Callaway had invested in Topgolf since 2006, with CEO Chip Brewer serving on the Topgolf board since 2012.[20]
Acquisition of BigShots Golf
In October 2023, Topgolf Callaway successfully completed the acquisition of its competitor, BigShots Golf, for a sum of $29 million. [21] This strategic maneuver entailed a significant financial commitment, as Topgolf acquired four operational BigShots venues in the United States at the cost of approximately $29 million. Furthermore, the agreement encompasses the potential rights for developing additional locations, signaling a commitment to future expansion.
Games
There are multiple Topgolf game variations, the micro chipped golf balls score themselves, providing players with instant feedback on each shot's accuracy and distance.[22]
- Topgolf – Players aim for 11 giant dartboard-like targets. The further the shot goes and the closer to the pin, the more points the player receives.
- TopChip – Use just the red target (5 shots), yellow target (5 shots) and green target (10 shots). Hit the correct target to earn points, but hit the wrong one and points are deducted.
- TopShot – Similar to TopChip. You have to hit targets at four consecutive distances (5 shots each) Whichever starting target you choose (red, yellow, green or brown) determines the games level of difficulty
- TopPressure – An accuracy game, in which you need to hit all nine sections within the yellow target. Move on to the second and third level to see the value of points multiply, hit the same section twice on level 2 and 3 and points will be deducted.[22]
- Angry Birds – Angry Birds, you aim the ball to hit the angry birds level on screen, this game is only available at Toptracer Locations.
Locations
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/TopGolf_Vegas_Tees.jpg/220px-TopGolf_Vegas_Tees.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/TopGolf_Exterior_Brandon_FL.jpeg/220px-TopGolf_Exterior_Brandon_FL.jpeg)
As of 2020, there were over 110 Topgolf locations worldwide;[13] four of those were in the United Kingdom,[22] including one in Glasgow which broke ground in 2022.[23] Other international venues include one in Australia, China, Germany, Mexico, the UAE and Thailand each. [5] Each Topgolf venue features climate-controlled hitting bays for year-round play, food, beverage, music and HDTVs on which various sports games are shown, such as football, basketball and golf. Topgolf also offers golf lessons, leagues, tournaments, concerts, and corporate and social events.
Lounge by Topgolf, is a smaller location with a live sports restaurant, a few public hitting bays and a special events bay plus virtual game simulators. The first one opened on January 17, 2020 in Kirkland Urban second floor, Kirkland, Washington.[13]
Additionally, Topgolf has made its mark in the United States, boasting a network of 100 locations[24] scattered across the country as of the July 9th, 2024.
References
- ^ a b c d e f Notte, Jason (September 19, 2018). "The Topgolf Founders Fought Through Countless Rejections -- and Built America's Favorite New Game". Entrepreneur. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
- ^ a b c Goldberg, Steve (December 17, 2018). "Forget WeWork. Topgolf Is Fast Becoming the Cool Place to Do Business". Inc.com. Archived from the original on January 31, 2021. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
- ^ Sherman, Ed (July 22, 2009). "TopGolf adds to arsenal". Crain's Chicago Business. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
- ^ Mayo, Ashley (January 27, 2016). "Topgolf is about to get even better after its latest acquisition, World Golf Tour". Golf Digest. Archived from the original on May 20, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ a b c Mason, Max (January 16, 2019). "Village Roadshow board halts Topgolf expansion plans amid Kirby family fallout". Australian Financial Review. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
- ^ "Movie World to bring Topgolf to Australia in 2017". News.com.au. Archived from the original on August 13, 2016. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
- ^ Brooks, Dave (March 13, 2019). "Topgolf, Matador and BMG Partner On Second Season of 'Who Will Rock You?'". Billboard. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ Spangler, Todd (October 2, 2019). "Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith's Westbrook Media Inks Production Deal With Topgolf Studios". Variety. Archived from the original on January 25, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ "Cineplex to open Topgolf complexes in Canada". BNN Bloomberg. The Canadian Press. July 26, 2017. Archived from the original on October 13, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
- ^ "Cineplex reports $98.9 million Q2 loss with movie theatres closed". CBC. CBC. August 14, 2020. Archived from the original on June 26, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ^ Soper, Taylor (February 19, 2017). "Topgolf comes to Seattle: Testing the driving range-meets-bowling-alley concept at Safeco Field". GeekWire. Archived from the original on October 13, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
- ^ "First-ever 'Topgolf Lounge' coming to Kirkland". KIRO. Cox Media Group. April 9, 2019. Archived from the original on January 3, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2020.
- ^ a b c "Topgolf US Locations". Topgolf. June 9, 2024.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Topgolf Breaks Ground on Renton Venue". City of Renton. August 3, 2021. Archived from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021.
- ^ Barry, Kara (August 3, 2021). "Topgolf to begin construction on first multi-level Seattle-area venue". Topgolf Entertainment Group. ©2021 Topgolf International, Inc. Archived from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021.
- ^ Schlosser, Kurt (August 2, 2021). "Topgolf is officially bringing one of its high-tech sports and entertainment venues to Seattle area". GeekWire. Archived from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 18, 2021.
- ^ "Top Golf forced to pay employees, including 11 in Georgia, more than $750k in back pay". September 24, 2021. Archived from the original on September 25, 2021. Retrieved September 25, 2021.
- ^ "Callaway Golf just acquired all of Topgolf in an appeal to millennial customers". Businessinsider.com. October 27, 2020. Archived from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved October 27, 2020.
- ^ Lombardo, Cara (October 27, 2020). "Callaway Golf to Buy Rest of Topgolf Entertainment". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on February 12, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
- ^ "Topgolf CEO discusses merger with Callaway, continued international expansion". www.bizjournals.com. Archived from the original on November 27, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
- ^ "Topgolf Callaway Acquires Bigshots Golf". topgolf.club. November 9, 2023. Archived from the original on November 25, 2023. Retrieved November 25, 2023.
- ^ a b c Beedle, Matthew (January 1, 2018). "What is Topgolf? Where is your nearest venue?". National Club Golfer. Sports Publications Ltd. Archived from the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
- ^ Elliott Heath (December 6, 2022). "Topgolf Glasgow Announces Opening Date". Golf Monthly Magazine. Archived from the original on January 26, 2023. Retrieved October 23, 2023.
- ^ "Numbers of Topgolf in United States | SmartScrapers". SmartScraper. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved January 23, 2024.