Czech Republic–Poland relations: Difference between revisions

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Poland and the Czech Republic are both members of the European Union and of NATO. Both joined the EU simultaneously on 1 May 2004. They also both joined NATO on 12 March 1999. Both countries, together with Slovakia and Hungary, form the Visegrád Group, which is an important regional group in Central Europe. Both countries are also members of the Bucharest Nine, Three Seas Initiative, OECD, OSCE, Council of Europe and the World Trade Organization.

They share 796 km (495 mi) of the Czech Republic–Poland border, which can be crossed anywhere without border control under the Schengen Agreement. The two countries first joined NATO in 1999 and then the European Union in 2004.

History

Relations date back to the Middle Ages, when both countries were established in the 9th-10th century. The founding Piast and Přemyslid dynasties, of Poland and Czechia (Bohemia) respectively, intermarried several times. Prime examples include first Polish ruler Mieszko I who married Princess Doubravka of Bohemia, and first Bohemian king Vratislaus II who married Princess Świętosława of Poland.

Modern relations

There is a Polish Institute in Prague.

April 17–18, 2010, were declared days of national mourning in the Czech Republic to commemorate the 96 victims of the Smolensk air disaster, including Polish President Lech Kaczyński and his wife Maria Kaczyńska.^[1]

In a 2010 poll conducted by CVVM in the Czech Republic, relations with Poland were ranked as the second best out of 13 countries, after Slovakia, with 92% of respondents viewing them as very good or rather good.^[2] In 1993, according to polls, the Czechs were liked by 38% of Poles, with 28% negative opinions. There has been a big improvement since then, and recently the Czechs are among the most-liked nations in Poland, leading in the polls since 2010 (53% of favourable opinions in 2010, 56% in 2019).^[3]^[4]

Polish firefighters helped in flood recovery in the Czech Republic during the 2002^[5] and 2013 floods.^[6]

The Czech Republic and Poland are important trading partners. In 2019, Poland was the third largest source of imports and export destination for the Czech Republic,^[7] whereas the Czech Republic was the seventh largest source of imports and the second largest export destination for Poland.^[8]

In February 2021, the Czech Republic sued Poland over the Turów Coal Mine at the European Court of Justice, the first time that an EU member state had sued another one over an environmental issue.^[9]^[10]

Czechia and Poland co-hosted the 2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship.

Polish firefighters and police pilots helped extinguish the 2022 wildfires in the Czech Republic.^[11]

European Union

Both countries became members of the European Union in 2004.

NATO

Both countries became members of NATO in 1999.

Resident diplomatic missions

Czech Republic has an embassy in Warsaw.
Poland has an embassy in Prague and a consulate-general in Ostrava.

Embassy of the Czech Republic in Warsaw
Embassy of Poland in Prague
Consulate-General of Poland in Ostrava

References

^ "Vláda schválila dny smutku, připadají na 17. a 18. dubna". Vláda České Republiky (in Czech). 13 April 2010. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
^ CVVM Archived 2007-07-07 at the Wayback Machine, Občané o vztazích ČR s některými zeměmi – listopad 2010^{[dead link]}
^ Stosunek Polaków do innych narodów. Komunikat z badań, Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej. Warsaw. February 2013 (in Polish).
^ Kogo nie lubią Polacy? Sprawdź, co wynika z najnowszego badania CBOS. Gazetaprawna.pl. 2019-02-07 (retrieved 2020-04-24)
^ "Polscy strażacy pomagają Czechom" (in Polish). 22 August 2002. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
^ "Polscy strażacy pomogą Czechom". Wprost (in Polish). 7 June 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
^ "Czech Republic trade balance, exports and imports by country and region 2019". World Integrated Trade Solution. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
^ "Poland trade balance, exports and imports by country and region 2019". World Integrated Trade Solution. Retrieved 9 July 2022.
^ Taylor, Kira (6 May 2021). "Turow: the Polish coal mine at the centre of regional tensions". www.euractiv.com.
^ "Czech-Polish relations hit rock bottom". www.euractiv.com. 24 September 2021.
^ "Polscy policjanci i strażacy wrócili do domu z akcji gaszenia pożaru w Czechach". PolskieRadio.pl (in Polish). 31 July 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.

[1] "Vláda schválila dny smutku, připadají na 17. a 18. dubna". Vláda České Republiky (in Czech). 13 April 2010. Retrieved 3 September 2022.

[2] CVVM Archived 2007-07-07 at the Wayback Machine, Občané o vztazích ČR s některými zeměmi – listopad 2010^{[dead link]}

[3] Stosunek Polaków do innych narodów. Komunikat z badań, Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej. Warsaw. February 2013 (in Polish).

[4] Kogo nie lubią Polacy? Sprawdź, co wynika z najnowszego badania CBOS. Gazetaprawna.pl. 2019-02-07 (retrieved 2020-04-24)

[5] "Polscy strażacy pomagają Czechom" (in Polish). 22 August 2002. Retrieved 3 September 2022.

[6] "Polscy strażacy pomogą Czechom". Wprost (in Polish). 7 June 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2022.

[7] "Czech Republic trade balance, exports and imports by country and region 2019". World Integrated Trade Solution. Retrieved 9 July 2022.

[8] "Poland trade balance, exports and imports by country and region 2019". World Integrated Trade Solution. Retrieved 9 July 2022.

[9] Taylor, Kira (6 May 2021). "Turow: the Polish coal mine at the centre of regional tensions". www.euractiv.com.

[10] "Czech-Polish relations hit rock bottom". www.euractiv.com. 24 September 2021.

[11] "Polscy policjanci i strażacy wrócili do domu z akcji gaszenia pożaru w Czechach". PolskieRadio.pl (in Polish). 31 July 2022. Retrieved 3 September 2022.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Short description|1=Diplomatic relations between Czech Republic and the Republic of Poland}}
 {{Infobox bilateral relations|Polish-Czech|Poland|Czech Republic}}
-[[Poland]] and the [[Czech Republic]] are both members of the [[European Union]] and of [[NATO]]. Both joined the EU simultaneously on 1 May 2004. They also both joined NATO  on 12 March 1999. Both countries, together with [[Slovakia]] and [[Hungary]], form the [[Visegrád Group]], which is an important regional group in [[Central Europe]].
+[[Poland]] and the [[Czech Republic]] are both members of the [[European Union]] and of [[NATO]]. Both joined the EU simultaneously on 1 May 2004. They also both joined NATO on 12 March 1999. Both countries, together with [[Slovakia]] and [[Hungary]], form the [[Visegrád Group]], which is an important regional group in [[Central Europe]]. Both countries are also members of the [[Bucharest Nine]], [[Three Seas Initiative]], [[OECD]], [[OSCE]], [[Council of Europe]] and the [[World Trade Organization]].
-They share 796&nbsp;km (495&nbsp;mi) of the common border, which can be crossed anywhere without border control under the [[Schengen Agreement]].
+They share 796&nbsp;km (495&nbsp;mi) of the [[Czech Republic–Poland border]], which can be crossed anywhere without border control under the [[Schengen Agreement]].
-In a 2010 poll conducted by CVVM in Czech Republic, relations with Poland were ranked as the second best out of 13 countries, after [[Slovakia]], with 92% of respondents viewing them as very good or rather good.<ref>[http://www.cvvm.cas.cz/index.php?lang=1&disp=kdojsme CVVM] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707112246/http://www.cvvm.cas.cz/index.php?lang=1&disp=kdojsme |date=2007-07-07 }}, [http://www.cvvm.cas.cz/upl/zpravy/101081s_pm101221a.pdf Občané o vztazích ČR s některými zeměmi – listopad 2010]{{dead link|date=October 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
+The two countries first joined [[NATO]] in 1999 and then the [[European Union]] in 2004.
+==History==
+{{Unreferencedsect|date=July 2024}}
+Relations date back to the [[Middle Ages]], when both countries were established in the 9th-10th century. The founding [[Piast dynasty|Piast]] and [[Přemyslid dynasty|Přemyslid]] dynasties, of Poland and Czechia (Bohemia) respectively, intermarried several times. Prime examples include first Polish ruler [[Mieszko I]] who married Princess [[Doubravka of Bohemia]], and first Bohemian king [[Vratislaus II of Bohemia|Vratislaus II]] who married Princess [[Świętosława of Poland]].
+==Modern relations==
+[[File:Morawiecki spotkał się z premierem Czech Petrem Fialą w Pradze (2022.02.03) 02.jpg|thumb|Meeting of Prime Minister of the Czech Republic [[Petr Fiala]] and Prime Minister of Poland [[Mateusz Morawiecki]] in Prague in 2022]]
+There is a [[Polish Institute]] in [[Prague]].
+April 17–18, 2010, were declared days of national mourning in the Czech Republic to commemorate the 96 victims of the [[Smolensk air disaster]], including Polish President [[Lech Kaczyński]] and his wife [[Maria Kaczyńska]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vlada.cz/cz/media-centrum/aktualne/vlada-schvalila-dny-smutku--pripadaji-na-17--a-18--dubna-70606/|title=Vláda schválila dny smutku, připadají na 17. a 18. dubna|website=Vláda České Republiky|date=13 April 2010|access-date=3 September 2022|language=cs}}</ref>
+In a 2010 poll conducted by CVVM in the Czech Republic, relations with Poland were ranked as the second best out of 13 countries, after [[Slovakia]], with 92% of respondents viewing them as very good or rather good.<ref>[http://www.cvvm.cas.cz/index.php?lang=1&disp=kdojsme CVVM] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707112246/http://www.cvvm.cas.cz/index.php?lang=1&disp=kdojsme |date=2007-07-07 }}, [http://www.cvvm.cas.cz/upl/zpravy/101081s_pm101221a.pdf Občané o vztazích ČR s některými zeměmi – listopad 2010]{{dead link|date=October 2017|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
 In 1993, according to polls, the Czechs were liked by 38% of Poles, with 28% negative opinions. There has been a big improvement since then, and recently the Czechs are among the most-liked nations in Poland, leading in the polls since 2010 (53% of favourable opinions in 2010, 56% in 2019).<ref>[https://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2013/K_012_13.PDF Stosunek Polaków do innych narodów. Komunikat z badań], Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej. Warsaw. February 2013 (in Polish).</ref><ref>[https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/artykuly/1396590,sondaz-cbos-2019-najbardziej-lubiane-nacje.html ''Kogo nie lubią Polacy? Sprawdź, co wynika z najnowszego badania CBOS'']. Gazetaprawna.pl. 2019-02-07 (retrieved 2020-04-24)</ref>
+Polish firefighters helped in flood recovery in the Czech Republic during the [[2002 European floods|2002]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/wiadomosci/artykul/polscy;strazacy;pomagaja;czechom,105,0,55657.html|title=Polscy strażacy pomagają Czechom|date=22 August 2002|access-date=3 September 2022|language=pl}}</ref> and [[2013 European floods|2013]] floods.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wprost.pl/kraj/402807/polscy-strazacy-pomoga-czechom.html|title=Polscy strażacy pomogą Czechom|website=Wprost|date=7 June 2013|access-date=3 September 2022|language=pl}}</ref>
+The Czech Republic and Poland are important trading partners. In 2019, Poland was the third largest source of imports and export destination for the Czech Republic,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/CZE/Year/2019/TradeFlow/EXPIMP|title=Czech Republic trade balance, exports and imports by country and region 2019|website=World Integrated Trade Solution|access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref> whereas the Czech Republic was the seventh largest source of imports and the second largest export destination for Poland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/POL/Year/2019/TradeFlow/EXPIMP|title=Poland trade balance, exports and imports by country and region 2019|website=World Integrated Trade Solution|access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref>
+In February 2021, the Czech Republic sued Poland over the [[Turów Coal Mine]] at the [[European Court of Justice]], the first time that an [[Member state of the European Union|EU member state]] had sued another one over an environmental issue.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Taylor |first1=Kira |title=Turow: the Polish coal mine at the centre of regional tensions |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy/news/turow-the-polish-coal-mine-at-the-centre-of-regional-tensions/ |work=www.euractiv.com |date=6 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Czech-Polish relations hit rock bottom |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/short_news/czech-polish-relations-hit-rock-bottom/ |work=www.euractiv.com |date=24 September 2021}}</ref>
+Czechia and Poland co-hosted the [[2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship]].
+Polish firefighters and police pilots helped extinguish the [[2022 European and Mediterranean wildfires|2022 wildfires]] in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/399/7977/Artykul/3012067,Polscy-policjanci-i-strazacy-wrocili-do-domu-z-akcji-gaszenia-pozaru-w-Czechach|title=Polscy policjanci i strażacy wrócili do domu z akcji gaszenia pożaru w Czechach|website=PolskieRadio.pl|date=31 July 2022|access-date=3 September 2022|language=pl}}</ref>
+==European Union==
+Both countries became members of the [[European Union]] in 2004.
+==NATO==
+Both countries became members of [[NATO]] in 1999.
 == Resident diplomatic missions ==
 * Czech Republic has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].
@@ Line 16: / Line 43: @@
 File:Polish consulate Ostrava 4366.jpg|Consulate-General of Poland in Ostrava
 </gallery>
-== 2020 Czech Republic–Poland border incident ==
-[[File:2012-04 Pielgrzymów 05.jpg|thumb|Border bridge between chapel, on the Czech side, and the castle grounds on the Polish side. Polish troops crossed the bridge]]
-Poland closed their borders in May in 2020 as part of [[COVID-19 pandemic in Poland|its response to the COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name=Ind1/> The [[Polish Armed Forces]] were deployed to the region to guard the border and enforce pandemic travel restrictions.<ref name="Ind1" /><ref name=NECZ/>
-In late May 2020, Polish Military troops arriving from [[Pielgrzymów, Opole Voivodeship|Pielgrzymów]] crossed the Hrozová stream marking the border with Czechia, and unintentionally occupied a few dozen meters of Czech territory in the former village of [[Pelhřimovy]], near the town of [[Slezské Rudoltice]].They accidently where mislead due to the wrong directions provided by OnStar assistant Heather Merrifield. She was given a VERY thorough talking to about starting border conflicts in the future. Armed Polish soldiers set up a roadblock in front of a chapel, and prevented Czech citizens from accessing the area.<ref name=NECZ/><ref name=CNN1/> On 28 May, Polish troops barred entry by a restoration expert and also forbade photography.<ref name=NECZ/><ref name="BBC1">{{Cite news|last=Cameron|first=Rob|date=13 June 2020|title=Poland 'invades' Czech Republic by accident|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53034930|access-date=15 June 2020}}</ref> In early June a group visit organized by the [[Hnutí DUHA]] environmental group was turned away, with Polish soldiers ignoring pleas from the group that they were in the wrong country.<ref name=NECZ/><ref name=BBC1/> The [[Police of the Czech Republic]] became involved, and the Polish troops were ordered to leave,<ref name=BBC1/> though this did not occur immediately.<ref name=NECZ/> Towards the end of the unintentional occupation visits by Czech citizens to the chapel were permitted.<ref name=NECZ/>
-Following Czech diplomatic protests, Polish troops withdrew in early June.<ref name="Ind1">{{Cite web|date=13 June 2020|title=Poland accidentally invades Czech Republic and annexes part of neighbour's territory|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/poland-czech-republic-border-invasion-military-annexation-coronavirus-lockdown-a9564376.html|access-date=15 June 2020|website=The Independent|last1=Embury-Dennis|first1=Tom|language=en}}</ref><ref name="CNN1">{{Cite web|last=Picheta|first=Rob|date=12 June 2020|title=Poland accidentally invaded the Czech Republic last month|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/12/europe/poland-czech-republic-invasion-scli-intl/index.html|url-status=live|access-date=15 June 2020|website=CNN}}</ref><ref name="NECZ">{{Cite web|date=15 June 2020|title=Polish invasion of Czech Republic makes world headlines - Prague, Czech Republic|url=https://news.expats.cz/czech-tourism/accidental-polish-invasion-of-czech-republic-makes-world-headlines/|url-status=live|access-date=15 June 2020|website=Expats Czech|last1=Johnston|first1=Raymond|language=en-US}}</ref>
-[[File:2012-04 Pelhřimovy 03 Kaple svaté Anny.jpg|thumb|{{ill|Saint Anne chapel in Pelhřimovy|cs|Kaple svaté Anny (Pelhřimovy)}}]]
-The {{ill|Saint Anne chapel in Pelhřimovy|cs|Kaple svaté Anny (Pelhřimovy)}} had been abandoned for several years during the [[Cold War]] as it lay effectively within a no man's land. After the borders were opened up because of the [[Schengen Agreement]], Czech and Polish volunteers restored the chapel, and regular church services have been held there since.<ref name="MDR1">{{Cite web|last=Via|first=Teilen|title=Polnische Soldaten besetzen tschechische Kapelle {{!}} MDR.DE|url=https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/osteuropa/land-leute/tschechien-polen-grenze-soldaten-100.html|access-date=15 June 2020|website=Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk|language=de}}</ref>
-[[File:2012-04 Pelhřimovy 02 Kaple svaté Anny.jpg|thumb|Interior of St. Anne Chapel]]
-During the unintentional occupation, Polish troops turned away Czech citizens who were trying to access a historic chapel in their own country.<ref name=CNN1/>
-According to the Czech Republic, the Czech embassy in Warsaw notified Polish authorities of the incursion,<ref name=CNN1/> however Poland's Foreign Ministry states they were not formally informed.<ref name="NPR1">{{Cite web|title=Poland Accidentally Invades Czech Republic In 'Minor Misunderstanding'|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/13/876604403/poland-accidentally-invades-czech-republic-in-minor-misunderstanding|date=13 June 2020|access-date=15 June 2020|website=NPR|last1=Dwyer|first1=Colin|language=en}}</ref>
-On Thursday 11 June the Polish high command stated its troops were withdrawing from the occupied territory.<ref name="politico1">{{Cite web|last=Cienski|first=Jan|date=11 June 2020|title=Poland calls off Czech invasion|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/poland-czech-invasion-polish-army/|access-date=15 June 2020|website=POLITICO}}</ref>
-On Saturday 13 June Poland re-opened its borders with the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Germany, while keeping the border with Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus closed.<ref name=Ind1/>
-The Polish military admitted the invasion and occupation but stated that the event was a "misunderstanding".<ref name=CNN1/> On Friday 12 June the [[Ministry of National Defence (Poland)|Polish Ministry of National Defence]] stated that "The placement of the border post was a result of a misunderstanding, not a deliberate act. It was corrected immediately and the case was resolved -- also by the Czech side".<ref name=CNN1/> The Polish opposition demanded that the government be held accountable. Former Minister of National Defence [[Tomasz Siemoniak]] said that someone should be fired for the affair as it was not handled well leading to the ridicule of Poland in the media.<ref>{{cite news |title=Opozycja żąda wyjaśnień ws. "okupacji czeskiej kapliczki". "Zostaliśmy ośmieszeni" |url=https://wiadomosci.onet.pl/kraj/czechy-polscy-zolnierze-przekroczyli-granice-opozycja-zada-wyjasnien/ez56qpd |work=ONET |date=16 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title="Ktoś powinien za to polecieć" . Siemoniak komentuje sprawę zajęcia przez Polaków czeskiej kaplicy |url=https://www.rmf24.pl/fakty/polska/news-ktos-powinien-za-to-poleciec-siemoniak-komentuje-sprawe-zaje,nId,4557691 |work=RMF25 |date=16 June 2020}}</ref>
-The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Czech Republic)|Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] stated that Czech authorities were back in control and the Czech citizens may access the site.<ref name=CNN1/> While the Czech received informal assurances from the Polish side, they were still awaiting a formal Polish statement: "Our Polish counterparts unofficially assured us that this incident was merely a misunderstanding caused by the Polish military with no hostile intention, however, we are still expecting a formal statement".<ref name=CNN1/>
 == See also ==
@@ Line 53: / Line 58: @@
 {{Foreign relations of Poland}}
 {{Foreign relations of the Czech Republic}}
+{{Portal bar|Politics|Czech Republic|Poland}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Czech Republic-Poland relations}}
 [[Category:Czech Republic–Poland relations| ]]
 [[Category:Bilateral relations of Poland]]
 [[Category:Bilateral relations of the Czech Republic|Poland]]
-[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in the Czech Republic]]
-[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Poland]]

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