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The company expanded internationally in 1974 when it acquired [[Germany|German]] company Guenter Wulff-Apparatebau, which was renamed Bally Wulff.<ref name=Name>{{cite web|url=https://cdcgaming.com/frank-floor-talk-whats-in-a-name/|title=Frank Floor Talk: What's in a name?|first=Buddy|last=Frank|website=CDC Gamimg Reports|date=March 22, 2022|access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref>
The company expanded internationally in 1974 when it acquired [[Germany|German]] company Guenter Wulff-Apparatebau, which was renamed Bally Wulff.<ref name=Name>{{cite web|url=https://cdcgaming.com/frank-floor-talk-whats-in-a-name/|title=Frank Floor Talk: What's in a name?|first=Buddy|last=Frank|website=CDC Gamimg Reports|date=March 22, 2022|access-date=December 10, 2022}}</ref>


In the late 1970s, Bally entered the [[casino]] ownership business when [[New Jersey]] legalized gambling in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]]. The effort moved forward even though the company was temporarily unable to attain a permanent license for the completed casino. During this period, company head William T. O'Donnell was forced to resign because of alleged links to organized crime, which he strenuously denied.<ref name="news.google.com">{{cite news|date=18 September 1973|work=The Age|title=Bally chief denies links with mafia|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SuFUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xJADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6965,4528014&dq=joseph+dan+testa&hl=en|via=[[Google News]]|access-date= 8 October 2018}}</ref> When questioned by the [[Moffitt Royal Commission]] in New South Wales, Australia, during an investigation of criminal activities between the US and Australia, O'Donnell admitted that Genovese Mafia boss [[Gerardo Catena]] once owned shares in Bally, but claimed to have bought him out.<ref name="news.google.com"/> He also denied knowing Chicago mobster Joseph Dan Testa, even though Australian police described Testa "as a representative of Bally who visited Australia."<ref name="news.google.com"/> The company opened the [[Bally's Atlantic City|Park Place]] Casino & Hotel on December 29, 1979.<ref name="Marfels">Christian Marfels; 2007, ''Bally: The World's Game Maker'', 2nd ed., Bally Technologies Inc., Las Vegas {{ISBN|978-1-4243-3207-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |entry-url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2562.html |last=Wilson |first=Mark R. |year=2005 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Chicago |entry=Bally Manufacturing Corp. |publisher=[[Chicago Historical Society]] |location=[[Chicago, Illinois]] |access-date=2007-06-27}}</ref>
In the late 1970s, Bally entered the [[casino]] ownership business when [[New Jersey]] legalized gambling in [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]] & The effort moved forward even though the company was temporarily unable to attain a permanent license for the completed casino. During this period, company head William T. O'Donnell was forced to resign because of alleged links to organized crime, which he strenuously denied.<ref name="news.google.com">{{cite news|date=18 September 1973|work=The Age|title=Bally chief denies links with mafia|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SuFUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=xJADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6965,4528014&dq=joseph+dan+testa&hl=en|via=[[Google News]]|access-date= 8 October 2018}}</ref> When questioned by the [[Moffitt Royal Commission]] in New South Wales, Australia, during an investigation of criminal activities between the US and Australia, O'Donnell admitted that Genovese Mafia boss [[Gerardo Catena]] once owned shares in Bally, but claimed to have bought him out.<ref name="news.google.com"/> He also denied knowing Chicago mobster Joseph Dan Testa, even though Australian police described Testa "as a representative of Bally who visited Australia."<ref name="news.google.com"/> The company opened the Bally’s Park Place Casino Hotel (Now known as [[Bally's Atlantic City|Bally’s Atlantic City]]), on December 29, 1979.<ref name="Marfels">Christian Marfels; 2007, ''Bally: The World's Game Maker'', 2nd ed., Bally Technologies Inc., Las Vegas {{ISBN|978-1-4243-3207-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |entry-url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/2562.html |last=Wilson |first=Mark R. |year=2005 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Chicago |entry=Bally Manufacturing Corp. |publisher=[[Chicago Historical Society]] |location=[[Chicago, Illinois]] |access-date=2007-06-27}}</ref>


During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Midway was renamed Bally/Midway when it was consolidated with Bally's legacy pinball business. It became a primary source of income for Bally as an early arcade [[video game]] maker, obtaining licenses for three of the all-time most popular video games: [[Space Invaders]], [[Pac-Man]], and [[Ms. Pac-Man]].<ref name="Marfels"/>
During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Midway was renamed Bally/Midway when it was consolidated with Bally's legacy pinball business. It became a primary source of income for Bally as an early arcade [[video game]] maker, obtaining licenses for three of the all-time most popular video games: [[Space Invaders]], [[Pac-Man]], and [[Ms. Pac-Man]].<ref name="Marfels"/>
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===1980s===
===1980s===
By the mid-1980s, Bally again had a strong balance sheet and began buying other businesses, including the [[Six Flags]] amusement park chain in 1982,<ref>{{cite news |title=Bally Agrees To Buy Penn Central Unit |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 29, 1981 |id={{ProQuest|121816297}} |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/121816297 |page=D6}}</ref> the Health and Tennis Corporation of America (which became [[Bally Total Fitness]]) in 1983, and Scientific Games, a [[lottery]] terminal company, in 1986.<ref name=Name/> That year, they also purchased several casinos, including the original MGM Grand Hotel and Casino on the [[Las Vegas Strip]] (subsequently rebranded Bally's Las Vegas and now the [[Horseshoe Las Vegas]]); the MGM Grand in [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]] (now [[Grand Sierra Resort]]); and the Golden Nugget Atlantic City, rebranded Bally's Grand (most recently the [[Atlantic Club Casino Hotel]]). The expansion quickly took its toll on the company's finances, and Bally was soon forced to sell off several divisions, including Six Flags in 1987, Bally/Midway, which was acquired by longtime pinball and video game rival [[Williams Electronics]] in 1988, and Aladdin's Castle chain of video arcades, in 1989; Aladdin's Castle was later sold to [[Namco]] in 1993 and became part of Namco Cybertainment.
By the mid-1980s, Bally again had a strong balance sheet and began buying other businesses, including the [[Six Flags]] amusement park chain in 1982,<ref>{{cite news |title=Bally Agrees To Buy Penn Central Unit |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 29, 1981 |id={{ProQuest|121816297}} |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/121816297 |page=D6}}</ref> the Health and Tennis Corporation of America (which became [[Bally Total Fitness]]) in 1983, and Scientific Games, a [[lottery]] terminal company, in 1986.<ref name=Name/> That year, they also purchased several casinos, including the original MGM Grand Hotel and Casino on the [[Las Vegas Strip]] (subsequently rebranded Bally's Las Vegas, now the [[Horseshoe Las Vegas]]); the MGM Grand in [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]] (now [[Grand Sierra Resort]]); and the Golden Nugget Atlantic City, rebranded Bally's Grand (a now defunct casino most recently known as the [[Atlantic Club Casino Hotel]]). The expansion quickly took its toll on the company's finances, and Bally was soon forced to sell off several divisions, including Six Flags in 1987, Bally/Midway, which was acquired by longtime pinball and video game rival [[Williams Electronics]] in 1988, and Aladdin's Castle chain of video arcades, in 1989; Aladdin's Castle was later sold to [[Namco]] in 1993 and became part of Namco Cybertainment.


===1990s===
===1990s===
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In 1994, the company changed its name to Bally Entertainment, to reflect its focus on the casino business and the fact that it no longer had any manufacturing operations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Options help CEO's earnings|newspaper=The Star-Ledger|location=Newark, NJ|author=Scott Ritter|date=March 18, 1994|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F1224856C743E38C8&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}</ref><ref name=dishneau>{{cite news|title=Bally gambling its games will outperform its gyms|newspaper=Akron Beacon Journal|author=David Dishneau|agency=AP|date=May 18, 1994|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB63077046D54EC&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}</ref> It also announced that the health club business would be spun off to shareholders, to further narrow its focus on casinos.<ref name=dishneau /> The spin-off was completed in January 1996, with Bally Total Fitness becoming a separate company.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bally spin-off final|newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times|date=January 10, 1996|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB4228638A3E283&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bally Entertainment pushing out its network of push-up centers|newspaper=The Star-Ledger|location=Newark, NJ|author=Debra Dowling|date=September 19, 1995|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F1224D4BE4C472488&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}</ref>
In 1994, the company changed its name to Bally Entertainment, to reflect its focus on the casino business and the fact that it no longer had any manufacturing operations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Options help CEO's earnings|newspaper=The Star-Ledger|location=Newark, NJ|author=Scott Ritter|date=March 18, 1994|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F1224856C743E38C8&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}</ref><ref name=dishneau>{{cite news|title=Bally gambling its games will outperform its gyms|newspaper=Akron Beacon Journal|author=David Dishneau|agency=AP|date=May 18, 1994|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB63077046D54EC&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}</ref> It also announced that the health club business would be spun off to shareholders, to further narrow its focus on casinos.<ref name=dishneau /> The spin-off was completed in January 1996, with Bally Total Fitness becoming a separate company.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bally spin-off final|newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times|date=January 10, 1996|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EB4228638A3E283&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Bally Entertainment pushing out its network of push-up centers|newspaper=The Star-Ledger|location=Newark, NJ|author=Debra Dowling|date=September 19, 1995|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F1224D4BE4C472488&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}</ref>


In June 1996, Bally Entertainment agreed to be acquired by [[Hilton Hotels Corporation]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Hilton Hotels to buy Bally Entertainment for more than $2 billion|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|author=Barry Meier|date=June 7, 1996|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/07/business/hilton-hotels-to-buy-bally-entertainment-for-more-than-2-billion.html|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref> The sale was completed on December 18, 1996 for $3 billion ($2 billion in stock plus $1 billion in assumed debt).<ref>{{cite news|title=Hilton and Bally close deal|newspaper=The Press of Atlantic City|author=Joe Weinert|date=December 19, 1996|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EAEACAA67F7FA6C&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}</ref> Two years later, Hilton's casino division, including the former Bally properties, was spun off as [[Park Place Entertainment]], named for the address of Bally's Atlantic City. In 1999, Park Place bought [[Caesars World]], and in 2003 changed its name to Caesars Entertainment. It was acquired in 2005 by [[Harrah's Entertainment]], which took the name Caesars Entertainment Corp in 2010, and was eventually acquired in 2020 by Eldorado Resorts to become the current [[Caesars Entertainment]].
In June 1996, Bally Entertainment agreed to be acquired by [[Hilton Hotels Corporation]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Hilton Hotels to buy Bally Entertainment for more than $2 billion|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|author=Barry Meier|date=June 7, 1996|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/07/business/hilton-hotels-to-buy-bally-entertainment-for-more-than-2-billion.html|access-date=2019-03-14}}</ref> The sale was completed on December 18, 1996 for $3 billion ($2 billion in stock plus $1 billion in assumed debt).<ref>{{cite news|title=Hilton and Bally close deal|newspaper=The Press of Atlantic City|author=Joe Weinert|date=December 19, 1996|url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/resources/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_dat=document_id%3Anews%252F0EAEACAA67F7FA6C&rft_id=info%3Asid%2Finfoweb.newsbank.com&rft_val_format=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Actx&svc_dat=AWNB&req_dat=1028A39C75C2B899|via=NewsBank}}</ref> Two years later, Hilton's casino division, including the former Bally properties, was spun off as [[Park Place Entertainment]], named for the address of Bally's Atlantic City. In 1999, Park Place bought [[Caesars World]], and in 2003 changed its name to Caesars Entertainment. It was acquired in 2005 by [[Harrah's Entertainment]], which took the name Caesars Entertainment Corp in 2010, and was eventually acquired in 2020 by Eldorado Resorts to become the current [[Caesars Entertainment]].


==Legacy of the name==
==Legacy of the name==
[[File:Bally sports logo.svg|thumb|200px|The logo for [[Bally Sports]], one of the many businesses worldwide that use the Bally name and logo]]
[[File:Bally Sports logo.svg|thumb|200px|The logo for [[Bally Sports]], one of the many businesses worldwide that use the Bally name and logo]]


Many casinos and businesses worldwide have used the Bally name and logo in the maze of ownership, division spin-offs and licensing agreements.
Many casinos and businesses worldwide have used the Bally name and logo in the maze of ownership, division spin-offs and licensing agreements.

For Years, Caesars used the Bally’s Name Solely for the 2 remaining Bally Casinos,[[Bally's Atlantic City|Bally’s Atlantic City]] & Bally’s Las Vegas (now known as [[Horseshoe Las Vegas]]). However, in June through November 2020, Caesars sold the Bally’s Brand & [[Bally's Atlantic City|Bally’s Atlantic City]] (Keeping Las Vegas & Rebranding it) to Twin River Worldwide Holdings, a casino company who changed their name to [[Bally's Corporation|Bally’s Corporation]]. They rebranded their existing casinos, and today there are over 10 Bally Casinos Nationwide, with more to come. The only remaining original Bally casino that still uses the name is [[Bally's Atlantic City|Bally’s Atlantic City]]

⚫
The New Bally's Corporation reached a 10-year [[naming rights]] agreement with [[Sinclair Broadcast Group]] to rebrand the [[Fox Sports Network]] group of [[regional sports networks]], which Sinclair had recently acquired, as [[Bally Sports]], beginning in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Balderston |first=Michael |date=2021-01-27 |title=Sinclair, Bally Reveal Bally Sports Rebrand for RSNs |url=https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/sinclair-bally-reveal-bally-sports-rebrand |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127155515/https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/sinclair-bally-reveal-bally-sports-rebrand |archive-date=2021-01-27 |access-date=2021-01-28 |website=TVTechnology |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-19 |title=Farewell, Fox Sports West. Hello, Bally Sports |url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2020-11-18/fox-sports-west-bally-sports-prime-ticket |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119043331/https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2020-11-18/fox-sports-west-bally-sports-prime-ticket |archive-date=2020-11-19 |access-date=2021-01-28 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>


Williams, after acquiring the Bally/Midway amusement games unit, continued to use the Bally name for pinball games until Williams's parent company WMS Industries ceased pinball production in 1999, having spun off the video game unit as [[Midway Games]] the previous year. WMS Industries has licensed companies to use the intellectual properties and the rights to remanufacture existing Bally and Williams pinball machines. Since 2014, the license has been held by Planetary Pinball Supply.<ref name="planetarypinball.com 2021">{{cite web | title=PPS Rights Letter - SGI-WEG.pdf| website=planetarypinball.com | date=May 17, 2021 | url=https://www.planetarypinball.com/docs/PPS%20Rights%20Letter%20-%20SGI-WEG.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425224214/https://www.planetarypinball.com/docs/PPS%20Rights%20Letter%20-%20SGI-WEG.pdf | archive-date=April 25, 2023 | url-status=live}}</ref>
Williams, after acquiring the Bally/Midway amusement games unit, continued to use the Bally name for pinball games until Williams's parent company WMS Industries ceased pinball production in 1999, having spun off the video game unit as [[Midway Games]] the previous year. WMS Industries has licensed companies to use the intellectual properties and the rights to remanufacture existing Bally and Williams pinball machines. Since 2014, the license has been held by Planetary Pinball Supply.<ref name="planetarypinball.com 2021">{{cite web | title=PPS Rights Letter - SGI-WEG.pdf| website=planetarypinball.com | date=May 17, 2021 | url=https://www.planetarypinball.com/docs/PPS%20Rights%20Letter%20-%20SGI-WEG.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230425224214/https://www.planetarypinball.com/docs/PPS%20Rights%20Letter%20-%20SGI-WEG.pdf | archive-date=April 25, 2023 | url-status=live}}</ref>
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Bally Total Fitness, burdened with debt from over-expansion and declining revenues after the [[2008 recession]], began selling off its clubs in the 2010s. Sales of large numbers of clubs to [[LA Fitness]] in 2011,<ref name="ClubFitness feature">{{cite web |url=http://clubindustry.com/forprofits/bally-lafitness-complete-sale-171-clubs-20111130/ |title=Bally, LA Fitness Complete Sale of 171 Clubs |last=Goldman |first=Stuart |publisher=ClubIndustry.com |date=November 30, 2011 |accessdate=2011-11-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204043629/http://clubindustry.com/forprofits/bally-lafitness-complete-sale-171-clubs-20111130/ |archivedate=December 4, 2011 }}</ref> Blast Fitness in 2012,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clubindustry.com/forprofits/bally-completes-sale-39-clubs-blast-fitness-20120502/ |title=Bally Completes Sale of 39 Clubs to Blast Fitness |last=Goldman |first=Stuart |publisher=ClubIndustry.com |date=May 2, 2012 |accessdate=May 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512215414/http://clubindustry.com/forprofits/bally-completes-sale-39-clubs-blast-fitness-20120502/ |archivedate=May 12, 2012 }}</ref> and [[24 Hour Fitness]] in 2014,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clubindustry.com/profits/24-hour-fitness-acquire-32-bally-total-fitness-clubs |title=24 Hour Fitness to Acquire 32 Bally Total Fitness Clubs |last=Goldman |first=Stuart |publisher=ClubIndustry.com |date=December 10, 2014 |accessdate=January 25, 2015}}</ref> along with closures of other clubs saw the chain dwindle. The last Bally Total Fitness club closed in October 2016. The Bally Total Fitness name had been used under license for a line of fitness equipment and clothing owned by [[FAM Brands]], which acquired the name outright in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ballytotalfitness.com/collections/all-products|title=Bally Total Fitness products|accessdate=December 6, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/activewear/fam-acquires-bally-total-fitness-active-brand-6745780/|title=FAM Acquires Bally Total Fitness Active Brand|first=Karyn|last=Monget|date=February 12, 2013|access-date=December 11, 2022}}</ref>
Bally Total Fitness, burdened with debt from over-expansion and declining revenues after the [[2008 recession]], began selling off its clubs in the 2010s. Sales of large numbers of clubs to [[LA Fitness]] in 2011,<ref name="ClubFitness feature">{{cite web |url=http://clubindustry.com/forprofits/bally-lafitness-complete-sale-171-clubs-20111130/ |title=Bally, LA Fitness Complete Sale of 171 Clubs |last=Goldman |first=Stuart |publisher=ClubIndustry.com |date=November 30, 2011 |accessdate=2011-11-30 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204043629/http://clubindustry.com/forprofits/bally-lafitness-complete-sale-171-clubs-20111130/ |archivedate=December 4, 2011 }}</ref> Blast Fitness in 2012,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clubindustry.com/forprofits/bally-completes-sale-39-clubs-blast-fitness-20120502/ |title=Bally Completes Sale of 39 Clubs to Blast Fitness |last=Goldman |first=Stuart |publisher=ClubIndustry.com |date=May 2, 2012 |accessdate=May 21, 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512215414/http://clubindustry.com/forprofits/bally-completes-sale-39-clubs-blast-fitness-20120502/ |archivedate=May 12, 2012 }}</ref> and [[24 Hour Fitness]] in 2014,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clubindustry.com/profits/24-hour-fitness-acquire-32-bally-total-fitness-clubs |title=24 Hour Fitness to Acquire 32 Bally Total Fitness Clubs |last=Goldman |first=Stuart |publisher=ClubIndustry.com |date=December 10, 2014 |accessdate=January 25, 2015}}</ref> along with closures of other clubs saw the chain dwindle. The last Bally Total Fitness club closed in October 2016. The Bally Total Fitness name had been used under license for a line of fitness equipment and clothing owned by [[FAM Brands]], which acquired the name outright in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ballytotalfitness.com/collections/all-products|title=Bally Total Fitness products|accessdate=December 6, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://wwd.com/fashion-news/activewear/fam-acquires-bally-total-fitness-active-brand-6745780/|title=FAM Acquires Bally Total Fitness Active Brand|first=Karyn|last=Monget|date=February 12, 2013|access-date=December 11, 2022}}</ref>

The rights to use the name for casinos were sold by Caesars in October 2020 to Twin River Worldwide Holdings, which then changed its own name to [[Bally's Corporation]] and said that it would rename most of its properties under the Bally's brand.<ref>{{cite news|title=Twin River Worldwide Holdings to become Bally's Corporation|work=Delaware Business Times|date=October 29, 2020|url=https://delawarebusinesstimes.com/news-briefs/twin-river-holdings-name-change-to-bally/|access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref> In a related transaction, Bally's Corporation acquired [[Bally's Atlantic City]] from Caesars.<ref>{{cite news|title=Caesars closes Bally's Atlantic City sale to Rhode Island company|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal|author=Richard N. Velotta|date=November 18, 2020|url=https://www.reviewjournal.com/business/casinos-gaming/caesars-closes-ballys-atlantic-city-sale-to-rhode-island-company-2186125/|access-date=2020-11-18}}</ref> In January 2022, Caesars announced that Bally's Las Vegas, which they retained, would be rebranded as the [[Horseshoe Las Vegas]] following a renovation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bye bye, Bally's: This iconic casino is returning to Las Vegas in its place |date=January 26, 2022 |website=MSN |author=Tanner Saunders |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/news/bye-bye-ballys-this-iconic-casino-is-returning-to-las-vegas-in-its-place/ar-AATbgwz?li=BBnb7Kz}}</ref>

⚫
Bally's Corporation reached a 10-year [[naming rights]] agreement with [[Sinclair Broadcast Group]] to rebrand the [[Fox Sports Network]] group of [[regional sports networks]], which Sinclair had recently acquired, as [[Bally Sports]], beginning in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Balderston|first=Michael|date=2021-01-27|title=Sinclair, Bally Reveal Bally Sports Rebrand for RSNs|url=https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/sinclair-bally-reveal-bally-sports-rebrand|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210127155515/https://www.tvtechnology.com/news/sinclair-bally-reveal-bally-sports-rebrand |archive-date=2021-01-27 |access-date=2021-01-28|website=TVTechnology|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-19|title=Farewell, Fox Sports West. Hello, Bally Sports|url=https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2020-11-18/fox-sports-west-bally-sports-prime-ticket|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119043331/https://www.latimes.com/sports/story/2020-11-18/fox-sports-west-bally-sports-prime-ticket |archive-date=2020-11-19 |access-date=2021-01-28|website=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref>


Former subsidiary Bally Wulff remains a gaming and vending equipment manufacturer in Germany, with additional operations in Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ballywulff.de/|title=Bally Wulff homepage|access-date=December 11, 2022}}</ref> French gambling equipment distributor Bally France<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ballyfrance.fr/|title=Bally France|access-date=December 6, 2022}}</ref> and Japanese arcade distributor Bally Pond<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bally.co.jp/English/company/index.htm|title=Bally Pond|access-date=December 6, 2022}}</ref> also still use the Bally logo, though have no current relation to any other business with the name.
Former subsidiary Bally Wulff remains a gaming and vending equipment manufacturer in Germany, with additional operations in Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ballywulff.de/|title=Bally Wulff homepage|access-date=December 11, 2022}}</ref> French gambling equipment distributor Bally France<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ballyfrance.fr/|title=Bally France|access-date=December 6, 2022}}</ref> and Japanese arcade distributor Bally Pond<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bally.co.jp/English/company/index.htm|title=Bally Pond|access-date=December 6, 2022}}</ref> also still use the Bally logo, though have no current relation to any other business with the name.

Revision as of 04:30, 7 July 2024

This article is about the former pinball manufacturer based in Chicago. For its successor slot machine company based in Las Vegas, see Bally Technologies. For the current casino company, see Bally's Corporation. For other uses, see Bally (disambiguation).
Bally Manufacturing
IndustryInteractive entertainment
FoundedJanuary 10, 1932; 92 years ago (1932-01-10)
FounderRaymond Moloney
DefunctDecember 18, 1996; 27 years ago (1996-12-18)
FateAcquired by Hilton
SuccessorBally Technologies
HeadquartersChicago
ProductsPinball, slot machines, later expanded into casinos, video games, health clubs, and theme parks

Bally Manufacturing, later renamed Bally Entertainment, was an American company that began as a pinball and slot machine manufacturer, and later expanded into casinos, video games, health clubs, and theme parks. It was acquired by Hilton Hotels in 1996.

Its brand name, and mid-20th century pinball and slot machine logo, are still used by several businesses with various acquired trademark rights, most notably slot machine maker Bally Technologies and casino operator Bally's Corporation.

History

The Bally Manufacturing Corporation was founded by Raymond Moloney on January 10, 1932, when Bally's original parent, Lion Manufacturing, established the company to make pinball games, taking its name from its first game, "Ballyhoo". The Chicago-based company quickly became a leading pinball maker. In the late 1930s, Moloney began making gambling equipment, and had great success developing and improving the mechanical slot machines that were the core of the nascent gaming industry. After manufacturing munitions and airplane parts during World War II, Bally Manufacturing Corporation continued producing innovations in flipperless pinball machines, bingo machines, payout machines and console slot machines through the late 1950s. They also designed and manufactured vending machines and established a coffee vending service. Additionally, they made a brief venture into the music business with their own record label, Bally Records.[1]

1968 advertisement for the Bally's Minizag pinball machine

Moloney died in 1958, and the company briefly floundered. With the financial failure of its parent company, Bally was bought out by a group of investors in 1963. Throughout the 1960s, Bally continued to dominate the slot machine industry, cornering over 90% of the worldwide market by the end of the decade. In 1964, Bally introduced the first electromechanical slot machine, Money Honey.[2] It became a publicly traded company, and in 1969 acquired Midway Manufacturing, an amusement game company from Schiller Park, Illinois.

1970s

The company expanded internationally in 1974 when it acquired German company Guenter Wulff-Apparatebau, which was renamed Bally Wulff.[3]

In the late 1970s, Bally entered the casino ownership business when New Jersey legalized gambling in Atlantic City & The effort moved forward even though the company was temporarily unable to attain a permanent license for the completed casino. During this period, company head William T. O'Donnell was forced to resign because of alleged links to organized crime, which he strenuously denied.[4] When questioned by the Moffitt Royal Commission in New South Wales, Australia, during an investigation of criminal activities between the US and Australia, O'Donnell admitted that Genovese Mafia boss Gerardo Catena once owned shares in Bally, but claimed to have bought him out.[4] He also denied knowing Chicago mobster Joseph Dan Testa, even though Australian police described Testa "as a representative of Bally who visited Australia."[4] The company opened the Bally’s Park Place Casino Hotel (Now known as Bally’s Atlantic City), on December 29, 1979.[5][6]

During the late 1970s and early 1980s, Midway was renamed Bally/Midway when it was consolidated with Bally's legacy pinball business. It became a primary source of income for Bally as an early arcade video game maker, obtaining licenses for three of the all-time most popular video games: Space Invaders, Pac-Man, and Ms. Pac-Man.[5]

In the late 1970s, Bally/Midway also made an entry into the growing home video-game market with the Bally Professional Arcade. It had advanced features for the time, including 256 colors and the ability to play 4-voice music. It shipped with a cartridge that let users do a limited amount of BASIC programming and save their programs on cassette tape. However, because it cost more than its main competitor, the Atari 2600, and had far fewer games, it was unsuccessful despite a loyal following.

1980s

By the mid-1980s, Bally again had a strong balance sheet and began buying other businesses, including the Six Flags amusement park chain in 1982,[7] the Health and Tennis Corporation of America (which became Bally Total Fitness) in 1983, and Scientific Games, a lottery terminal company, in 1986.[3] That year, they also purchased several casinos, including the original MGM Grand Hotel and Casino on the Las Vegas Strip (subsequently rebranded Bally's Las Vegas, now the Horseshoe Las Vegas); the MGM Grand in Reno (now Grand Sierra Resort); and the Golden Nugget Atlantic City, rebranded Bally's Grand (a now defunct casino most recently known as the Atlantic Club Casino Hotel). The expansion quickly took its toll on the company's finances, and Bally was soon forced to sell off several divisions, including Six Flags in 1987, Bally/Midway, which was acquired by longtime pinball and video game rival Williams Electronics in 1988, and Aladdin's Castle chain of video arcades, in 1989; Aladdin's Castle was later sold to Namco in 1993 and became part of Namco Cybertainment.

1990s

In 1990, Bally came under new management as its largest shareholder, Arthur Goldberg, was appointed chairman and began a restructuring process.[8] To pay down debts, German subsidiary Bally Wulff was spun off into an independent company in 1991. Scientific Games, exercise equipment maker Life Fitness, and the Reno casino were sold in 1993. The slot machine manufacturing division was spun off as Bally Gaming International, ending the company's involvement in manufacturing.[9]

The company opened Bally's Saloon & Gambling Hall, a riverboat casino in Mhoon Landing, Mississippi in December 1993.[10][11] It was moved to Robinsonville in 1995 and became part of a joint venture with Lady Luck Gaming.[12]

In 1994, the company changed its name to Bally Entertainment, to reflect its focus on the casino business and the fact that it no longer had any manufacturing operations.[13][14] It also announced that the health club business would be spun off to shareholders, to further narrow its focus on casinos.[14] The spin-off was completed in January 1996, with Bally Total Fitness becoming a separate company.[15][16]

In June 1996, Bally Entertainment agreed to be acquired by Hilton Hotels Corporation.[17] The sale was completed on December 18, 1996 for $3 billion ($2 billion in stock plus $1 billion in assumed debt).[18] Two years later, Hilton's casino division, including the former Bally properties, was spun off as Park Place Entertainment, named for the address of Bally's Atlantic City. In 1999, Park Place bought Caesars World, and in 2003 changed its name to Caesars Entertainment. It was acquired in 2005 by Harrah's Entertainment, which took the name Caesars Entertainment Corp in 2010, and was eventually acquired in 2020 by Eldorado Resorts to become the current Caesars Entertainment.

Legacy of the name

The logo for Bally Sports, one of the many businesses worldwide that use the Bally name and logo

Many casinos and businesses worldwide have used the Bally name and logo in the maze of ownership, division spin-offs and licensing agreements.

For Years, Caesars used the Bally’s Name Solely for the 2 remaining Bally Casinos,Bally’s Atlantic City & Bally’s Las Vegas (now known as Horseshoe Las Vegas). However, in June through November 2020, Caesars sold the Bally’s Brand & Bally’s Atlantic City (Keeping Las Vegas & Rebranding it) to Twin River Worldwide Holdings, a casino company who changed their name to Bally’s Corporation. They rebranded their existing casinos, and today there are over 10 Bally Casinos Nationwide, with more to come. The only remaining original Bally casino that still uses the name is Bally’s Atlantic City

The New Bally's Corporation reached a 10-year naming rights agreement with Sinclair Broadcast Group to rebrand the Fox Sports Network group of regional sports networks, which Sinclair had recently acquired, as Bally Sports, beginning in 2021.[19][20]

Williams, after acquiring the Bally/Midway amusement games unit, continued to use the Bally name for pinball games until Williams's parent company WMS Industries ceased pinball production in 1999, having spun off the video game unit as Midway Games the previous year. WMS Industries has licensed companies to use the intellectual properties and the rights to remanufacture existing Bally and Williams pinball machines. Since 2014, the license has been held by Planetary Pinball Supply.[21]

Alliance Gaming, which bought Bally Gaming International in 1996, changed its name to Bally Technologies in 2006. It was purchased in 2014 by Scientific Games,[22] which had also acquired WMS Industries the prior year.[23] The company, which changed its name to Light & Wonder in 2022,[24] continues to use Bally Technologies as a subsidiary manufacturing video slot machines and other casino equipment.[25]

Bally Total Fitness, burdened with debt from over-expansion and declining revenues after the 2008 recession, began selling off its clubs in the 2010s. Sales of large numbers of clubs to LA Fitness in 2011,[26] Blast Fitness in 2012,[27] and 24 Hour Fitness in 2014,[28] along with closures of other clubs saw the chain dwindle. The last Bally Total Fitness club closed in October 2016. The Bally Total Fitness name had been used under license for a line of fitness equipment and clothing owned by FAM Brands, which acquired the name outright in 2013.[29][30]

Former subsidiary Bally Wulff remains a gaming and vending equipment manufacturer in Germany, with additional operations in Spain.[31] French gambling equipment distributor Bally France[32] and Japanese arcade distributor Bally Pond[33] also still use the Bally logo, though have no current relation to any other business with the name.

References

  1. ^ "Bally Records".
  2. ^ Galecki, Irek (2006). "Slot Machines History". Online Casino Press. Archived from the original on September 17, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2007.
  3. ^ a b Frank, Buddy (March 22, 2022). "Frank Floor Talk: What's in a name?". CDC Gamimg Reports. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
  4. ^ a b c "Bally chief denies links with mafia". The Age. 18 September 1973. Retrieved 8 October 2018 – via Google News.
  5. ^ a b Christian Marfels; 2007, Bally: The World's Game Maker, 2nd ed., Bally Technologies Inc., Las Vegas ISBN 978-1-4243-3207-6
  6. ^ Wilson, Mark R. (2005). "Bally Manufacturing Corp.". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved 2007-06-27.
  7. ^ "Bally Agrees To Buy Penn Central Unit". The New York Times. September 29, 1981. p. D6. ProQuest 121816297.
  8. ^ P.J. Bednarski (November 13, 1990). "Top exec quits as Bally revamps". Chicago Sun-Times – via NewsBank.
  9. ^ Debra Dowling (December 19, 1993). "Goldberg whips Bally Gaming into shape". The Star-Ledger. Newark, NJ – via NewsBank.
  10. ^ Laurel Campbell (December 7, 1993). "Adjacent casinos open in Tunica". The Commercial Appeal. Memphis, TN – via NewsBank.
  11. ^ "Bally's licensed to open in Tunica". The Commercial Appeal. Memphis, TN. AP. December 4, 1993 – via NewsBank.
  12. ^ Michelle Hillier (December 22, 1995). "Bally's rolls upriver, reopens casino closer to Memphis crowds". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Little Rock, AR – via NewsBank.
  13. ^ Scott Ritter (March 18, 1994). "Options help CEO's earnings". The Star-Ledger. Newark, NJ – via NewsBank.
  14. ^ a b David Dishneau (May 18, 1994). "Bally gambling its games will outperform its gyms". Akron Beacon Journal. AP – via NewsBank.
  15. ^ "Bally spin-off final". Chicago Sun-Times. January 10, 1996 – via NewsBank.
  16. ^ Debra Dowling (September 19, 1995). "Bally Entertainment pushing out its network of push-up centers". The Star-Ledger. Newark, NJ – via NewsBank.
  17. ^ Barry Meier (June 7, 1996). "Hilton Hotels to buy Bally Entertainment for more than $2 billion". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2019-03-14.
  18. ^ Joe Weinert (December 19, 1996). "Hilton and Bally close deal". The Press of Atlantic City – via NewsBank.
  19. ^ Balderston, Michael (2021-01-27). "Sinclair, Bally Reveal Bally Sports Rebrand for RSNs". TVTechnology. Archived from the original on 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
  20. ^ "Farewell, Fox Sports West. Hello, Bally Sports". Los Angeles Times. 2020-11-19. Archived from the original on 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
  21. ^ "PPS Rights Letter - SGI-WEG.pdf" (PDF). planetarypinball.com. May 17, 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2023.
  22. ^ Howard Stutz (November 21, 2014). "Scientific Games completes $5.1 billion acquisition of Bally". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
  23. ^ "News release: Scientific Games Completes Acquisition of WMS", Scientific Games Corporation, October 18, 2013
  24. ^ "Scientific Games rebranding with new name, identity". Las Vegas Review-Journal. 2022-03-03. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
  25. ^ Cory (2022-03-04). "Light & Wonder, the former Scientific Games, lays out long-range plans". CDC Gaming Reports. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
  26. ^ Goldman, Stuart (November 30, 2011). "Bally, LA Fitness Complete Sale of 171 Clubs". ClubIndustry.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2011. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
  27. ^ Goldman, Stuart (May 2, 2012). "Bally Completes Sale of 39 Clubs to Blast Fitness". ClubIndustry.com. Archived from the original on May 12, 2012. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
  28. ^ Goldman, Stuart (December 10, 2014). "24 Hour Fitness to Acquire 32 Bally Total Fitness Clubs". ClubIndustry.com. Retrieved January 25, 2015.
  29. ^ "Bally Total Fitness products". Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  30. ^ Monget, Karyn (February 12, 2013). "FAM Acquires Bally Total Fitness Active Brand". Retrieved December 11, 2022.
  31. ^ "Bally Wulff homepage". Retrieved December 11, 2022.
  32. ^ "Bally France". Retrieved December 6, 2022.
  33. ^ "Bally Pond". Retrieved December 6, 2022.
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