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{{Distinguish|Harper's Magazine|Harper's Bazaar|Harpers Wine & Spirit}} |
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{{Infobox magazine |
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| image_file = Hon. Abraham Lincoln, born in Kentucky, February 12, 1809 (Boston Public Library).jpg |
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| image_caption = ''Harper's Weekly'' |
| image_caption = The November 10, 1860 cover of ''Harper's Weekly'', featuring an illustration of [[President of the United States|President]]-elect [[Abraham Lincoln]] by [[Winslow Homer]] and [[Mathew Brady]] |
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| company = [[Harper & Brothers]] |
| company = [[Harper (publisher)|Harper & Brothers]] |
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| country = United States |
| country = United States |
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| based = New York City, New York |
| based = [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S. |
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| language = English |
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'''''Harper's Weekly, A Journal of Civilization''''' was an American political magazine based in New York City. Published by [[Harper & Brothers]] from 1857 until 1916, it featured foreign and domestic news, fiction, essays on many subjects, and humor, alongside illustrations. It carried extensive coverage of the [[American Civil War]], including many illustrations of events from the war. During its most influential period, it was the forum of the political cartoonist [[Thomas Nast]]. |
'''''Harper's Weekly, A Journal of Civilization''''' was an American political magazine based in [[New York City]]. Published by [[Harper (publisher)|Harper & Brothers]] from 1857 until 1916, it featured foreign and domestic news, fiction, essays on many subjects, and humor, alongside illustrations. It carried extensive coverage of the [[American Civil War]], including many illustrations of events from the war. During its most influential period, it was the forum of the political cartoonist [[Thomas Nast]]. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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===Inception=== |
===Inception=== |
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[[File:Fletcher, James, John, and Joseph Harper (ca. 1860).jpg|thumb| |
[[File:Fletcher, James, John, and Joseph Harper (ca. 1860).jpg|thumb|The four founders of [[Harper (publisher)|Harper & Brothers]]: [[Fletcher Harper|Fletcher]], [[James Harper (publisher)|James]], John, and Joseph Wesley Harper in 1860]] |
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⚫ | Along with his brothers James, John, and Wesley, [[Fletcher Harper]] began the publishing company [[Harper & Brothers]] in 1825. Following the successful example of ''[[The Illustrated London News]]'', Harper started publishing ''[[Harper's Magazine]]'' in 1850. The monthly publication featured established authors such as [[Charles Dickens]] and [[William Makepeace Thackeray]], and within several years, demand for the magazine was great enough to sustain a weekly edition.<ref name=Palmquist>Palmquist & Kailborn 2002, p. 279.</ref> |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | Along with his brothers James, John, and Wesley, [[Fletcher Harper]] began the publishing company [[Harper (publisher)|Harper & Brothers]] in 1825. Following the successful example of ''[[The Illustrated London News]]'', Harper started publishing ''[[Harper's Magazine]]'' in 1850. The monthly publication featured established authors such as [[Charles Dickens]] and [[William Makepeace Thackeray]], and within several years, demand for the magazine was great enough to sustain a weekly edition.<ref name=Palmquist>Palmquist & Kailborn 2002, p. 279.</ref> |
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In 1857, his company began publishing ''Harper's Weekly'' in New York City.<ref name=Palmquist/> By 1860 the circulation of the ''Weekly'' had reached 200,000. Illustrations were an important part of the ''Weekly'''s content, and it developed a reputation for using some of the most renowned illustrators of the time, notably [[Winslow Homer]], [[Granville Perkins]], [[Porte Crayon]], and [[Livingston Hopkins]]. |
In 1857, his company began publishing ''Harper's Weekly'' in New York City.<ref name=Palmquist/> By 1860, the circulation of the ''Weekly'' had reached 200,000. Illustrations were an important part of the ''Weekly'''s content, and it developed a reputation for using some of the most renowned illustrators of the time, notably [[Winslow Homer]], [[Granville Perkins]], [[Porte Crayon]], and [[Livingston Hopkins]]. |
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Among the recurring features were the [[political cartoon]]s of [[Thomas Nast]], who was recruited in 1862 and worked with the ''Weekly'' for more than 20 years. Nast was a feared caricaturist, and is often called the father of American political cartooning.<ref>Halloran 2012, p. 289.</ref> He was the first to use an elephant as the symbol of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]].<ref>Halloran 2012, p. 214.</ref> He also drew the legendary character of [[Santa Claus]]; his version became strongly associated with the figure, who was popularized as part of Christmas customs in the late nineteenth century. |
Among the recurring features were the [[political cartoon]]s of [[Thomas Nast]], who was recruited in 1862 and worked with the ''Weekly'' for more than 20 years. Nast was a feared caricaturist, and is often called the father of American political cartooning.<ref>Halloran 2012, p. 289.</ref> He was the first to use an elephant as the symbol of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]].<ref>Halloran 2012, p. 214.</ref> He also drew the legendary character of [[Santa Claus]]; his version became strongly associated with the figure, who was popularized as part of Christmas customs in the late nineteenth century. |
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===Civil War coverage=== |
===Civil War coverage=== |
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''Harper's Weekly'' was the most widely read journal in the United States during the [[American Civil War]] era of the mid-19th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/serial?id=harpersweekly|title=Harper's Weekly archives|website=onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu|access-date=March 23, 2018}}</ref><ref>Heidler et al 2002, p. 931.</ref> ''Harper's'' took a moderate editorial position on the issue of [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]] prior to the Civil War's outbreak in 1861, earning it the label "Harper's Weakly" by critics. |
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| image1 =Gordon, scourged back, Harper's weekly, 1863 July 4, p429, bottom.jpg |
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| caption1 = Portraits of escaped slave [[Gordon (slave)|Gordon]] (July 4, 1863) |
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| image2 =William Waud - Burning of McPhersonville 1865 - final Harper's Weekly version.jpg |
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''Harper's Weekly'' was the most widely read journal in the United States throughout the period of the Civil War.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/serial?id=harpersweekly|title=Harper's Weekly archives|website=onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu|access-date=March 23, 2018}}</ref><ref>Heidler et al 2002, p. 931.</ref> So as not to upset its wide readership in the [[Southern United States|South]], ''Harper's'' took a moderate editorial position on the issue of [[Slavery in the United States|slavery]] prior to the outbreak of the war. Publications that supported abolition referred to it as "Harper's Weakly". The ''Weekly'' had supported the [[Stephen A. Douglas]] presidential campaign against [[Abraham Lincoln]], but as the [[American Civil War]] broke out, it fully supported Lincoln and the Union. A July 1863 article on the escaped slave [[Gordon (slave)|Gordon]] included a photograph of his back, severely scarred from whippings; this provided many readers in the North their first visual evidence of the brutality of slavery. The photograph inspired many free blacks in the North to enlist.<ref>Goodyear, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130501235253/http://click.si.edu/Story.aspx?story=297 "Photography changes ..."]</ref> |
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===19th century=== |
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During the [[1860 United States presidential election|1860 U.S. presidential campaign]], the magazine supported [[Stephen A. Douglas]] in his campaign against [[Abraham Lincoln]]. But as the [[American Civil War]] broke out, the magazine fully supported Lincoln and the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]. A July 1863 article in ''The Weekly'' on the escaped slave [[Gordon (slave)|Gordon]] included an illustration taken from a photograph of his back, severely scarred from whippings. The image provided many readers in the [[Northern United States|North]] their first visual evidence of slavery's brutality. The image and story inspired many free blacks in the North to enlist in the [[Union Army]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Goodyear III |first=Frank H. |work=Click! Photography Changes Everything |publisher=Smithsonian Photography Initiative |title=Photography changes the way we record and respond to social issues |url=http://click.si.edu/Story.aspx?story=297 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501235253/http://click.si.edu/Story.aspx?story=297 |archive-date=May 1, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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⚫ | Many of the most important articles and illustrations in ''Harper's'' were related to the American Civil War. Besides illustrations by Homer and Nast, the magazine published illustrations by [[Theodore R. Davis]], [[Henry Mosler]], and the brothers [[Alfred Waud|Alfred]] and [[William Waud]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2022}} |
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⚫ | Beginning in 1863 until his death in 1892, [[George William Curtis]], one of the founders of the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], served as the magazine's political editor. His editorials advocated [[civil service]] reform, low [[tariff]]s, and adherence to the [[gold standard]].<ref>Halloran 2012, p. 254.</ref> |
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⚫ | After the end of the Civil War, ''Harper's Weekly'' more openly supported the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]] in its editorial positions, and supported the presidential candidacy of [[Ulysses S. Grant]] in 1868 and again in 1872. It supported the [[Radical Republican]] position on Reconstruction. In the 1870s, the cartoonist Thomas Nast began an aggressive campaign in the journal against the corrupt New York political leader [[William M. Tweed|William "Boss" Tweed]]. Nast turned down a $500,000 bribe to end his attack.<ref>Paine 1904, [https://archive.org/stream/thnasthisperiod00paingoog#page/n212/mode/1up pp. 181–182].</ref> Tweed was arrested in 1873 and convicted of fraud. |
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| caption1 = Caricature of [[William M. Tweed|William "Boss" Tweed]] by [[Thomas Nast]] (October 21, 1871) |
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| image2 =Nast-Self-Portrait-Harper's-Weekly-1876-B.jpg |
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| caption2 = "No rest for the wicked—sentenced to more hard labor": Self-caricature by Thomas Nast on the cover of ''Harper's Weekly'' (December 2, 1876) |
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| caption3 = ''Harper's Weekly'' cover featuring [[Theodore Roosevelt]] (September 29, 1900) |
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⚫ | After the |
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Nast and ''Harper's'' also played an important part in securing [[Rutherford B. Hayes]]' 1876 presidential election. Later on Hayes remarked that Nast was "the most powerful, single-handed aid [he] had".<ref>Paine 1904, [https://archive.org/stream/thnasthisperiod00paingoog#page/n379/mode/1up p. 349].</ref> After the election, Nast's role in the magazine diminished considerably. Since the late 1860s, Nast and George W. Curtis had frequently differed on political matters and particularly on the role of cartoons in political discourse.<ref>Halloran 2012, p. 228.</ref> Curtis believed that mockery by caricature should be reserved for Democrats, and did not approve of Nast's cartoons assailing Republicans such as [[Carl Schurz]] and [[Charles Sumner]], who opposed policies of the Grant administration. ''Harper's'' publisher Fletcher Harper strongly supported Nast in his disputes with Curtis. In 1877, Harper died, and his nephews, Joseph W. Harper Jr. and John Henry Harper, assumed control of the magazine. They were more sympathetic to Curtis' arguments for rejecting cartoons that contradicted his editorial positions.<ref>Halloran 2012, p. 230.</ref> |
Nast and ''Harper's'' also played an important part in securing [[Rutherford B. Hayes]]' 1876 presidential election. Later on Hayes remarked that Nast was "the most powerful, single-handed aid [he] had".<ref>Paine 1904, [https://archive.org/stream/thnasthisperiod00paingoog#page/n379/mode/1up p. 349].</ref> After the election, Nast's role in the magazine diminished considerably. Since the late 1860s, Nast and George W. Curtis had frequently differed on political matters and particularly on the role of cartoons in political discourse.<ref>Halloran 2012, p. 228.</ref> Curtis believed that mockery by caricature should be reserved for Democrats, and did not approve of Nast's cartoons assailing Republicans such as [[Carl Schurz]] and [[Charles Sumner]], who opposed policies of the Grant administration. ''Harper's'' publisher Fletcher Harper strongly supported Nast in his disputes with Curtis. In 1877, Harper died, and his nephews, Joseph W. Harper Jr. and John Henry Harper, assumed control of the magazine. They were more sympathetic to Curtis' arguments for rejecting cartoons that contradicted his editorial positions.<ref>Halloran 2012, p. 230.</ref> |
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Nast's final contribution to ''Harper's Weekly'' was his Christmas illustration in December 1886. Journalist [[Henry Watterson]] said that "in quitting ''Harper's Weekly'', Nast lost his forum: in losing him, ''Harper's Weekly'' lost its political importance."<ref>Paine 1904, [https://archive.org/stream/thnasthisperiod00paingoog#page/n558/mode/1up p. 528].</ref> Nast's biographer Fiona Deans Halloran says "the former is true to a certain extent, the latter unlikely. Readers may have missed Nast's cartoons, but ''Harper's Weekly'' remained influential."<ref>Halloran 2012, p. 270.</ref> |
Nast's final contribution to ''Harper's Weekly'' was his Christmas illustration in December 1886. Journalist [[Henry Watterson]] said that "in quitting ''Harper's Weekly'', Nast lost his forum: in losing him, ''Harper's Weekly'' lost its political importance."<ref>Paine 1904, [https://archive.org/stream/thnasthisperiod00paingoog#page/n558/mode/1up p. 528].</ref> Nast's biographer Fiona Deans Halloran says "the former is true to a certain extent, the latter unlikely. Readers may have missed Nast's cartoons, but ''Harper's Weekly'' remained influential."<ref>Halloran 2012, p. 270.</ref> |
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===20th century=== |
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After 1900, ''Harper's Weekly'' devoted more print to political and social issues, and featured articles by some of the more prominent political figures of the time, such as [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. ''Harper's'' editor [[George Brinton McClellan Harvey|George Harvey]] was an early supporter of [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s candidacy, proposing him for the Presidency at a [[Lotos Club]] dinner in 1906.<ref>Link 1970, p. 4.</ref> After that dinner, Harvey would make sure that he "emblazoned each issue of ''Harper's Weekly'' with the words 'For President—Woodrow Wilson{{'"}}.<ref>Throntveit 2008, [https://books.google.com/books?id=n36mLdzjxU8C&pg=PA30 p. 30].</ref> |
After 1900, ''Harper's Weekly'' devoted more print to political and social issues, and featured articles by some of the more prominent political figures of the time, such as [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. ''Harper's'' editor [[George Brinton McClellan Harvey|George Harvey]] was an early supporter of [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s candidacy, proposing him for the Presidency at a [[Lotos Club]] dinner in 1906.<ref>Link 1970, p. 4.</ref> After that dinner, Harvey would make sure that he "emblazoned each issue of ''Harper's Weekly'' with the words 'For President—Woodrow Wilson{{'"}}.<ref>Throntveit 2008, [https://books.google.com/books?id=n36mLdzjxU8C&pg=PA30 p. 30].</ref> |
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''Harper's Weekly'' published its final issue on May 13, 1916.<ref>Mott 1938, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lm7rSZ2BoK8C&pg=PA469 p. 469].</ref> It was absorbed by ''[[The Independent (New York City)|The Independent]]'', which in turn merged with ''[[The Outlook (New York City)|The Outlook]]'' in 1928. |
[[Roderic C. Penfield]] served as the managing editor of ''Harper's Weekly'' from 1912 to 1914.<ref>{{cite journal|journal=[[Editor & Publisher]]|title=R. C. Penfield Dies in Japan|date=April 16, 1921|page=44|volume=53|number=46|editor=James Wright Brown|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vsn9tVrhmAoC&dq=%22Harper%27s+Weekly%22+Roderic+Penfield&pg=RA15-PA44}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Roderic C. Penfield Dies in Japan|journal=The Inland Printer|date=June 1921|page=375|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I0I_AQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Evening+Mail%22+%22Penfield%22&pg=PA375|publisher=Sigmund Ullman Company}}</ref> The magazine published its final issue on May 13, 1916.<ref>Mott 1938, [https://books.google.com/books?id=lm7rSZ2BoK8C&pg=PA469 p. 469].</ref> It was absorbed by ''[[The Independent (New York City)|The Independent]]'', which in turn merged with ''[[The Outlook (New York City)|The Outlook]]'' in 1928. |
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===1970s=== |
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==Publications== |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Harper |
* [[Harper (publisher)]] |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* {{cite web |last1=Goodyear III |first1=Frank H. |title=Photography changes the way we record and respond to social issues |date=October 7, 2011 |url=http://click.si.edu/Story.aspx?story=297 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=26 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501235253/http://click.si.edu/Story.aspx?story=297 |archive-date=May 1, 2013 }} |
* {{cite web |last1=Goodyear III |first1=Frank H. |title=Photography changes the way we record and respond to social issues |date=October 7, 2011 |url=http://click.si.edu/Story.aspx?story=297 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |access-date=26 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501235253/http://click.si.edu/Story.aspx?story=297 |archive-date=May 1, 2013 }} |
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* Halloran, Fiona Deans (2012). ''Thomas Nast: The Father of Modern Political Cartoons''. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. {{ISBN|978-0-80783-587-6}}. |
* Halloran, Fiona Deans (2012). ''Thomas Nast: The Father of Modern Political Cartoons''. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. {{ISBN|978-0-80783-587-6}}. |
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Latest revision as of 15:50, 6 July 2024
Illustrators | |
---|---|
Categories | News, politics |
Frequency | Weekly |
Founder | Fletcher Harper |
Founded | 1857 |
First issue | January 3, 1857 |
Final issue | May 13, 1916 |
Company | Harper & Brothers |
Country | United States |
Based in | New York City, New York, U.S. |
Language | English |
Harper's Weekly, A Journal of Civilization was an American political magazine based in New York City. Published by Harper & Brothers from 1857 until 1916, it featured foreign and domestic news, fiction, essays on many subjects, and humor, alongside illustrations. It carried extensive coverage of the American Civil War, including many illustrations of events from the war. During its most influential period, it was the forum of the political cartoonist Thomas Nast.
History
[edit]Inception
[edit]Along with his brothers James, John, and Wesley, Fletcher Harper began the publishing company Harper & Brothers in 1825. Following the successful example of The Illustrated London News, Harper started publishing Harper's Magazine in 1850. The monthly publication featured established authors such as Charles Dickens and William Makepeace Thackeray, and within several years, demand for the magazine was great enough to sustain a weekly edition.[1]
In 1857, his company began publishing Harper's Weekly in New York City.[1] By 1860, the circulation of the Weekly had reached 200,000. Illustrations were an important part of the Weekly's content, and it developed a reputation for using some of the most renowned illustrators of the time, notably Winslow Homer, Granville Perkins, Porte Crayon, and Livingston Hopkins.
Among the recurring features were the political cartoons of Thomas Nast, who was recruited in 1862 and worked with the Weekly for more than 20 years. Nast was a feared caricaturist, and is often called the father of American political cartooning.[2] He was the first to use an elephant as the symbol of the Republican Party.[3] He also drew the legendary character of Santa Claus; his version became strongly associated with the figure, who was popularized as part of Christmas customs in the late nineteenth century.
Civil War coverage
[edit]Harper's Weekly was the most widely read journal in the United States during the American Civil War era of the mid-19th century.[4][5] Harper's took a moderate editorial position on the issue of slavery prior to the Civil War's outbreak in 1861, earning it the label "Harper's Weakly" by critics.
19th century
[edit]During the 1860 U.S. presidential campaign, the magazine supported Stephen A. Douglas in his campaign against Abraham Lincoln. But as the American Civil War broke out, the magazine fully supported Lincoln and the Union. A July 1863 article in The Weekly on the escaped slave Gordon included an illustration taken from a photograph of his back, severely scarred from whippings. The image provided many readers in the North their first visual evidence of slavery's brutality. The image and story inspired many free blacks in the North to enlist in the Union Army.[6]
Many of the most important articles and illustrations in Harper's were related to the American Civil War. Besides illustrations by Homer and Nast, the magazine published illustrations by Theodore R. Davis, Henry Mosler, and the brothers Alfred and William Waud.[citation needed]
Beginning in 1863 until his death in 1892, George William Curtis, one of the founders of the Republican Party, served as the magazine's political editor. His editorials advocated civil service reform, low tariffs, and adherence to the gold standard.[7]
President maker
[edit]After the end of the Civil War, Harper's Weekly more openly supported the Republican Party in its editorial positions, and supported the presidential candidacy of Ulysses S. Grant in 1868 and again in 1872. It supported the Radical Republican position on Reconstruction. In the 1870s, the cartoonist Thomas Nast began an aggressive campaign in the journal against the corrupt New York political leader William "Boss" Tweed. Nast turned down a $500,000 bribe to end his attack.[8] Tweed was arrested in 1873 and convicted of fraud.
Nast and Harper's also played an important part in securing Rutherford B. Hayes' 1876 presidential election. Later on Hayes remarked that Nast was "the most powerful, single-handed aid [he] had".[9] After the election, Nast's role in the magazine diminished considerably. Since the late 1860s, Nast and George W. Curtis had frequently differed on political matters and particularly on the role of cartoons in political discourse.[10] Curtis believed that mockery by caricature should be reserved for Democrats, and did not approve of Nast's cartoons assailing Republicans such as Carl Schurz and Charles Sumner, who opposed policies of the Grant administration. Harper's publisher Fletcher Harper strongly supported Nast in his disputes with Curtis. In 1877, Harper died, and his nephews, Joseph W. Harper Jr. and John Henry Harper, assumed control of the magazine. They were more sympathetic to Curtis' arguments for rejecting cartoons that contradicted his editorial positions.[11]
In 1884, however, Curtis and Nast agreed that they could not support the Republican candidate James G. Blaine, whose association with corruption was anathema to them.[12] Instead they supported the Democratic candidate, Grover Cleveland. Nast's cartoons helped Cleveland become the first Democrat to be elected president since 1856. In the words of the artist's grandson, Thomas Nast St Hill, "it was generally conceded that Nast's support won Cleveland the small margin by which he was elected. In his last national political campaign, Nast had, in fact, 'made a president.'"[13]
Nast's final contribution to Harper's Weekly was his Christmas illustration in December 1886. Journalist Henry Watterson said that "in quitting Harper's Weekly, Nast lost his forum: in losing him, Harper's Weekly lost its political importance."[14] Nast's biographer Fiona Deans Halloran says "the former is true to a certain extent, the latter unlikely. Readers may have missed Nast's cartoons, but Harper's Weekly remained influential."[15]
On January 14, 1893, Harper's Weekly became the first American magazine to publish a Sherlock Holmes story, "The Adventure of the Cardboard Box".[16]
20th century
[edit]After 1900, Harper's Weekly devoted more print to political and social issues, and featured articles by some of the more prominent political figures of the time, such as Theodore Roosevelt. Harper's editor George Harvey was an early supporter of Woodrow Wilson's candidacy, proposing him for the Presidency at a Lotos Club dinner in 1906.[17] After that dinner, Harvey would make sure that he "emblazoned each issue of Harper's Weekly with the words 'For President—Woodrow Wilson'".[18]
Roderic C. Penfield served as the managing editor of Harper's Weekly from 1912 to 1914.[19][20] The magazine published its final issue on May 13, 1916.[21] It was absorbed by The Independent, which in turn merged with The Outlook in 1928.
In the mid-1970s, Harper's Magazine used the Harper's Weekly title for a spinoff publication, which was published biweekly from its New York City headquarters and depended on contributions from readers for much of its content.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ a b Palmquist & Kailborn 2002, p. 279.
- ^ Halloran 2012, p. 289.
- ^ Halloran 2012, p. 214.
- ^ "Harper's Weekly archives". onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu. Retrieved March 23, 2018.
- ^ Heidler et al 2002, p. 931.
- ^ Goodyear III, Frank H. "Photography changes the way we record and respond to social issues". Click! Photography Changes Everything. Smithsonian Photography Initiative. Archived from the original on May 1, 2013.
- ^ Halloran 2012, p. 254.
- ^ Paine 1904, pp. 181–182.
- ^ Paine 1904, p. 349.
- ^ Halloran 2012, p. 228.
- ^ Halloran 2012, p. 230.
- ^ Halloran 2012, p. 255.
- ^ Nast & St. Hill 1974, p. 33.
- ^ Paine 1904, p. 528.
- ^ Halloran 2012, p. 270.
- ^ Panek 1990, p. 53.
- ^ Link 1970, p. 4.
- ^ Throntveit 2008, p. 30.
- ^ James Wright Brown, ed. (April 16, 1921). "R. C. Penfield Dies in Japan". Editor & Publisher. 53 (46): 44.
- ^ "Roderic C. Penfield Dies in Japan". The Inland Printer. Sigmund Ullman Company: 375. June 1921.
- ^ Mott 1938, p. 469.
References
[edit]- DeBrava, Valerie (2001). "The Offending Hand of War in Harper's Weekly," American Periodicals, vol. 11, pp. 49–64. In JSTOR
- Goodyear III, Frank H. (October 7, 2011). "Photography changes the way we record and respond to social issues". Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original on May 1, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
- Halloran, Fiona Deans (2012). Thomas Nast: The Father of Modern Political Cartoons. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-80783-587-6.
- Heidler, David Stephen; Heidler, Jeanne T.; Coles, David J. (2002). Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-39304-758-X.
- Link, Arthur S. (February 1970). "Woodrow Wilson: The American as Southerner". The Journal of Southern History. 36 (1): 3–17. doi:10.2307/2206599. JSTOR 2206599.
- Mott, Frank Luther (1938). A History of American Magazines, 1850–1865. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-39551-0.
- Nast, Thomas; St. Hill, Thomas N. (1974). Thomas Nast: Cartoons and Illustrations. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-23067-8.
- Paine, Albert Bigelow (1904). Th. Nast, His Period and His Pictures. MacMillan – via Internet Archive.
- Palmquist, Peter; Kailborn, Thomas (2002). Pioneer Photographers of the Far West: A Biographical Dictionary, 1840–1865. Stanford University Press.
- Panek, LeRoy L. (1990). Probable Cause: Crime Fiction in America. Popular Press. ISBN 978-0-87972-486-3.
- Prettyman, Gib (2001). "Harper's Weekly and the Spectacle of Industrialization," American Periodicals, vol. 11, pp. 24–28. In JSTOR
- Throntveit, Trygve (2008). "'Common Counsel': Woodrow Wilson's Pragmatic Progressivism, 1885–1913". In John Milton Cooper Jr. (ed.). Reconsidering Woodrow Wilson. Woodrow Wilson Center Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-9074-1.
External links
[edit]- Online Books Page. Harper's Weekly digitized issues, various dates
- Virginia Civil War Archive[dead link] – online images including those illustrations in Harper's Weekly during 1861–1865 that relate specifically to the Commonwealth of Virginia and its part in the Civil War.
- Access for Issues 1861–1865 via sonofthesouth.net
- Hathi Trust. Harper's Weekly
- Harper's Weekly
- 1857 establishments in New York (state)
- 1916 disestablishments in New York (state)
- American Civil War magazines
- Defunct political magazines published in the United States
- Magazines established in 1857
- Magazines disestablished in 1916
- Defunct magazines published in New York City
- New York (state) in the American Civil War
- Weekly magazines published in the United States