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{{Short description|Self-transported long range missile system}}
{{Short description|Self-propelled heavy missile systems}}
{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=April 2024}}
[[Image:sa-4.jpg|thumb|300px|right|A [[Soviet Union]] [[2K11 Krug]] TEL]]
[[Image:sa-4.jpg|thumb|300px|right|A [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[2K11 Krug]] TEL]]


A '''transporter erector launcher''' ('''TEL''') is a [[missile vehicle]] with an integrated [[Prime mover (tractor unit)|prime mover (tractor unit)]] that can carry, elevate to firing position and launch one or more [[missile]]s. Such vehicles exist for both [[surface-to-air missile]]s and [[surface-to-surface missile]]s. Early on, such missiles were launched from fixed sites and had to be loaded onto trucks for transport, making them more vulnerable to attack since once they were spotted by the enemy they could not easily be relocated, and if they were it often took hours or even days to prepare them for launch once they reached their new site.
A '''transporter erector launcher''' ('''TEL''') is a [[missile vehicle]] with an integrated [[tractor unit]] that can transport, elevate to a firing position and launch one or more [[Rocket artillery|rocket]]s or [[missile]]s.


==History==
The term can also refer to support structures used to transport a [[rocket]] [[launch vehicle]] horizontally from an assembly facility to a nearby fixed [[launch pad]] where it is raised vertical for launch. This system is used, for example, by [[SpaceX]] for [[SpaceX launch vehicles|its launch vehicles]].
Such vehicles exist for both [[surface-to-air missile]]s and [[surface-to-surface missile]]s. Early on, such missiles were launched from fixed sites and had to be loaded onto trucks for transport, making them more vulnerable to attack, since once they were spotted by the enemy they could not easily be relocated, and if they were it often took hours or even days to prepare them for launch once they reached their new site.


⚫
Usually a number of TELs and TELARs are linked to one [[command post]] vehicle (CP or CPV). They may use target information from [[target acquisition]], designation and [[fire-control radar|guidance radar]] (TADAGR or TAR).
⚫
A '''transporter erector launcher and radar''' ('''TELAR''') is the same as a TEL but also incorporates part or all of the radar system necessary for firing the [[surface-to-air missile]](s). Such vehicles have the capability of being autonomous, greatly enhancing their effectiveness. With this type of system each vehicle can fight regardless of the state or presence of support vehicles. The TEL or TELAR may have a rotating turntable that it can use to aim the missiles. The vehicle may have to turn to aim the missiles or they may fire straight up.


⚫
=== Transporter erector launcher and radar ===
⚫
Conversely, a '''transporter launcher and radar''' ('''TLAR''') is the same as a TELAR without the erector capability, because the missile in question is transported in the launch-ready position. An example is the [[9K330 Tor]], which mounts a [[Vertical Launching System]]-style block of SAMs.
⚫
A transporter erector launcher and radar (TELAR) is a type of TEL that also incorporates part or all of the radar system necessary for firing the [[surface-to-air missile]]s. Such vehicles have the capability of being autonomous, greatly enhancing their effectiveness. With this type of system each vehicle can fight regardless of the state or presence of support vehicles. The vehicle may have to aim the missile, usually through a [[missile turret|rotating turret]], or they may fire straight up.


=== Transporter launcher and radar (TLAR) ===
⚫
Usually a number of TELs and TELARs are linked to one [[command post]] vehicle (CP or CPV). They may use target information from ''Target acquisition, designation and guidance radar'' (TADAGR) or, simply, ''TAR''.
⚫
A '''transporter launcher and radar''' ('''TLAR''') is the same as a TELAR without the erector capability, because the missile in question is transported in the launch-ready position as default. An example is the [[9K330 Tor]], which mounts a [[vertical launching system]] (VLS)-style block of SAMs that correct their trajectory using rockets on the missile body itself.


⚫
=== Mobile erector launcher (MEL) ===
The [[MIM-104 Patriot|Patriot missile system]] uses the abbreviation MEL (''Mobile Erector Launchers'') as a towed launch vehicle.<ref>
{{main|MIM-104 Patriot}}
[https://fas.org/spp/starwars/docops/fm44-94fd/gloss.htm FM 44-94 Army Air and Missile Defense Command Operations. Glossary. Part I – Abbreviations and Acronyms] at [[Federation of American Scientists]] website
The Patriot missile system has a [[towed]] launch vehicle or '''mobile erector launcher''' ('''MEL''').<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fas.org/spp/starwars/docops/fm44-94fd/gloss.htm |title=FM 44-94 Army Air and Missile Defense Command Operations. Glossary. Part I – Abbreviations and Acronyms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315023557/http://fas.org/spp/starwars/docops/fm44-94fd/gloss.htm |archive-date=2016-03-15|publisher=[[Federation of American Scientists]]}}</ref>
</ref>


[[File:ILauncher (within Sky Sabre).jpg|thumb|An '''iLauncher''' within the Sky Sabre air defence system of the British Army.]]
⚫
==Types==
=== Palletised erector launchers ===
Another sub-set of the TEL are erector-launchers mounted to pallets, which can then be carried by suitable vehicles to create a TEL. The [[MBDA]] iLauncher used to launch the [[Sky Sabre]] missile is one example; a 15-tonne unit which is carried by [[MAN HX]] trucks in [[British Army]] service.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thinkdefence.co.uk/2022/11/common-anti-air-modular-missile-camm/ | title=Common Anti Air Missile (CAMM) - Think Defence | date=5 November 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://corporalfrisk.com/2021/08/14/finnish-land-ceptor-mbda-aiming-high-in-itsuko/ | title=Finnish Land Ceptor – MBDA Aiming High in ITSUKO | date=14 August 2021 }}</ref>


== Rocket launch vehicle ==
⚫
* Taian [[TA580/TAS5380]] 8×8 Transporter erector launcher (TEL)
{{main|Transporter erector}}
⚫
* [[Wanshan Special Vehicle|Wanshan]] [[WS51200]] 16 wheeled TEL
In [[spaceflight]], TELs are support structures used to transport a [[rocket]] [[launch vehicle]] horizontally from an assembly facility to a nearby fixed [[launch pad]] where it is raised vertical for launch. It is similar to TELs, except the fact that space rockets must be erected and launched with the appropriate [[infrastructure]], such as those found in a [[spaceport]]. This system is used by several [[Space agency#List of space agencies|space-launch agencies]]; the [[Soyuz (rocket family)|Soyuz]] has a TE that can be transported by [[railway]], [[SpaceX]] for [[SpaceX launch vehicles|its launch vehicles]] [[Falcon 9]] and [[Falcon Heavy|Heavy]] (but not [[SpaceX Starship|Starship]]).
⚫
* [[M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System]]

⚫
==Types==
{{Incomplete list||date=November 2023}}
* Taian [[TA580/TAS5380]] 8×8 TEL
⚫
* [[Wanshan Special Vehicle|Wanshan]] [[WS51200]] - 16 wheeled TEL
⚫
* [[M270 Multiple Launch Rocket System]] - tracked
* [[Pinaka multi barrel rocket launcher]]
* [[Pinaka multi barrel rocket launcher]]
* [[S-300 missile system]] - 8 wheeled TEL or MT-T tracked transporter
* [[Kub missile system]], [[Buk missile system]] - tracked [[GM chassis]], rarely wheel-based
* [[S-400 missile system]]
* [[S-300 missile system]], [[S-400 missile system]] - 8 wheeled truck-based TEL or MT-T tracked transporter
* [[S-500 missile system]]
* [[RT-2PM Topol]], [[RT-2PM2 Topol-M]]
* [[MAZ-7916|MAZ-547A/MAZ-7916]] - 12 wheeled TEL
* [[MAZ-7916|MAZ-547A/MAZ-7916]] - 12 wheeled TEL
* [[MAZ-7917]] - 14 wheeled TEL
* [[MAZ-7917]] - 14 wheeled TEL
* [[MZKT-79221]] - 16 wheeled TEL
* [[MZKT-79221]] - 16 wheeled TEL
* [[MAZ-7907]] - 24 wheeled [[gas turbine]] TEL
* [[ASTROS II]] 6x6 wheeled rocket artillery launcher
* [[ASTROS II]] 6x6 wheeled rocket artillery launcher
* [[SPYDER]]
* [[SPYDER]]


==Gallery==
==Gallery==
<gallery>
<gallery mode=packed>
Image:s-300V.jpg|A Russian [[S-300 (missile)|S-300V]] TELAR in transit mode.
Image:s-300V.jpg|A Russian [[S-300 (missile)|S-300V]] TELAR in transit mode
Image:sa10_1.jpg|A Russian [[S-300 (missile)|S-300P]] TEL ready for launch.
Image:sa10_1.jpg|A Russian [[S-300 (missile)|S-300P]] TEL ready for launch
Image:Pluton 034.jpg|A French [[Pluton (missile)|Pluton]] missile in transit mode.
Image:Pluton 034.jpg|A French [[Pluton (missile)|Pluton]] missile in transit mode
Image:Moscow Parad 2008 Ballist.jpg|[[MAZ-7917]] TEL
Image:Тягач МЗКТ-79221 (комплекс Тополь-М).jpg|MZKT-79221.
Image:Moscow Parad 2008 Ballist.jpg|[[MAZ-7917]] TEL.
Image:Luna m frog 7 hameenlinna 1.jpg|[[9K52 Luna-M|9P113 TEL with 9M21 rocket]]
File:1st Battalion, 6th Field Artillery Regiment - 191106-A-BS310-0214.jpg|[[M270 MLRS]]
Image:Luna m frog 7 hameenlinna 1.jpg|[[9K52 Luna-M|9P113 TEL with 9M21 rocket]].
Image:MLRS 05.jpg|MLRS.
Image:MoscowParade2009 7.jpg|S-300
Image:MoscowParade2009 7.jpg|S-300
Image:SCUD 2.JPG|[[MAZ-7310]]
Image:SCUD 2.JPG|[[MAZ-7310]]
Image:German Patriot missile launcher.jpg|A German PATRIOT launcher.
Image:German Patriot missile launcher.jpg|A German PATRIOT launcher
Image:19-03-2012-Parade-rehearsal - Topol-M.jpg|Russian Topol-M [[MZKT-79221]].
Image:19-03-2012-Parade-rehearsal - Topol-M.jpg|Russian Topol-M [[MZKT-79221]]
Image:Chinese HQ-9 launcher.jpg|HQ-9 [[TA580/TAS5380]] launcher.
Image:Chinese HQ-9 launcher.jpg|HQ-9 [[TA580/TAS5380]] launcher
Image:Buk-MB3K missile launcher (6).jpg|Belarusian Buk-MB3K TELAR on MZKT-69225 chassis
Image:Buk-MB3K missile launcher (6).jpg|Belarusian [[Buk missile system|Buk-MB3K]] TELAR on MZKT-69225 chassis
Image:Ghauri MRBM.jpg|Pakistan Army's [[Ghauri (missile)|Ghauri]] on its launch platform.
</gallery>
</gallery>


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{{commons category|TEL vehicles}}
{{commons category|TEL vehicles}}
* ''[[Meillerwagen]]'', the earliest-designed mobile rocket erection vehicle (trailer) ever deployed
* ''[[Meillerwagen]]'', the earliest-designed mobile rocket erection vehicle (trailer) ever deployed
⚫
* [[Mobile launcher vehicle]]
* [[Missile launch facility]]
* [[Missile launch facility]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>


{{DEFAULTSORT:Transporter Erector Launcher}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Transporter Erector Launcher}}
[[Category:Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons]]
[[Category:Self-propelled anti-aircraft weapons]]
[[Category:Self-propelled rocket launchers]]
[[Category:Weapon fixtures]]
[[Category:Weapon fixtures]]
[[Category:Rocket launchers]]
[[Category:Rocket launchers]]
[[Category:Missile launchers]]
[[Category:Missile launchers]]
[[Category:Transporter erector launcher systems]]

Revision as of 16:30, 5 July 2024

A Soviet 2K11 Krug TEL

A transporter erector launcher (TEL) is a missile vehicle with an integrated tractor unit that can transport, elevate to a firing position and launch one or more rockets or missiles.

History

Such vehicles exist for both surface-to-air missiles and surface-to-surface missiles. Early on, such missiles were launched from fixed sites and had to be loaded onto trucks for transport, making them more vulnerable to attack, since once they were spotted by the enemy they could not easily be relocated, and if they were it often took hours or even days to prepare them for launch once they reached their new site.

Usually a number of TELs and TELARs are linked to one command post vehicle (CP or CPV). They may use target information from target acquisition, designation and guidance radar (TADAGR or TAR).

Transporter erector launcher and radar

A transporter erector launcher and radar (TELAR) is a type of TEL that also incorporates part or all of the radar system necessary for firing the surface-to-air missiles. Such vehicles have the capability of being autonomous, greatly enhancing their effectiveness. With this type of system each vehicle can fight regardless of the state or presence of support vehicles. The vehicle may have to aim the missile, usually through a rotating turret, or they may fire straight up.

Transporter launcher and radar (TLAR)

A transporter launcher and radar (TLAR) is the same as a TELAR without the erector capability, because the missile in question is transported in the launch-ready position as default. An example is the 9K330 Tor, which mounts a vertical launching system (VLS)-style block of SAMs that correct their trajectory using rockets on the missile body itself.

Mobile erector launcher (MEL)

Main article: MIM-104 Patriot

The Patriot missile system has a towed launch vehicle or mobile erector launcher (MEL).[1]

An iLauncher within the Sky Sabre air defence system of the British Army.

Palletised erector launchers

Another sub-set of the TEL are erector-launchers mounted to pallets, which can then be carried by suitable vehicles to create a TEL. The MBDA iLauncher used to launch the Sky Sabre missile is one example; a 15-tonne unit which is carried by MAN HX trucks in British Army service.[2][3]

Rocket launch vehicle

Main article: Transporter erector

In spaceflight, TELs are support structures used to transport a rocket launch vehicle horizontally from an assembly facility to a nearby fixed launch pad where it is raised vertical for launch. It is similar to TELs, except the fact that space rockets must be erected and launched with the appropriate infrastructure, such as those found in a spaceport. This system is used by several space-launch agencies; the Soyuz has a TE that can be transported by railway, SpaceX for its launch vehicles Falcon 9 and Heavy (but not Starship).

Types

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to TEL vehicles.

References

  1. ^ "FM 44-94 Army Air and Missile Defense Command Operations. Glossary. Part I – Abbreviations and Acronyms". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 2016-03-15.
  2. ^ "Common Anti Air Missile (CAMM) - Think Defence". 5 November 2022.
  3. ^ "Finnish Land Ceptor – MBDA Aiming High in ITSUKO". 14 August 2021.
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