1895 United Kingdom general election: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|none}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}} |
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{{Use British English|date=May 2014}} |
{{Use British English|date=May 2014}} |
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| next_election = 1900 United Kingdom general election |
| next_election = 1900 United Kingdom general election |
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| next_year = 1900 |
| next_year = 1900 |
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| seats_for_election = All [[List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies (1885–1918)|670 seats]] in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] |
| seats_for_election = All [[List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies (1885–1918)|670 seats]] in the [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]] |
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| majority_seats = 336 |
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| elected_mps = List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1895 |
| elected_mps = List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 1895 |
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| election_date = {{start and end dates|1895|7|13|1895|8|7|df=yes}} |
| election_date = {{start and end dates|1895|7|13|1895|8|7|df=yes}} |
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<!-- Conservative --> |
<!-- Conservative -->| image1 = [[File:Robert-Gascoyne-Cecil-3rd-Marquess-of-Salisbury (cropped).jpg|160x160px]] |
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| leader1 = [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Marquess of Salisbury]] |
| leader1 = [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Marquess of Salisbury]] |
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| leader_since1 = April 1881 |
| leader_since1 = April 1881 |
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| party1 = Conservative and Liberal Unionist |
| party1 = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] and [[Liberal Unionist]] |
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| leaders_seat1 = |
| leaders_seat1 = [[House of Lords]] |
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| last_election1 = 313 seats, 47.0% |
| last_election1 = 313 seats, 47.0% |
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| seats1 = '''411''' |
| seats1 = '''411''' |
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| swing1 = {{increase}}2.3% |
| swing1 = {{increase}}2.3% |
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<!-- Liberal --> |
<!-- Liberal -->| image2 = [[File:The Earl of Rosebery.jpg|160x160px]] |
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| image2 = [[File:The Earl of Rosebery.jpg|160x160px]] |
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| leader2 = [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Earl of Rosebery]] |
| leader2 = [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Earl of Rosebery]] |
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| leader_since2 = 5 March 1894 |
| leader_since2 = 5 March 1894 |
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| party2 = Liberal Party (UK) |
| party2 = Liberal Party (UK) |
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| leaders_seat2 = |
| leaders_seat2 = [[House of Lords]] |
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| last_election2 = 272 seats, 45.4% |
| last_election2 = 272 seats, 45.4% |
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| seats2 = 177 |
| seats2 = 177 |
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| swing2 = {{increase}}0.2% |
| swing2 = {{increase}}0.2% |
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<!-- Irish National Federation --> |
<!-- Irish National Federation -->| image3 = [[File:John Dillon crop-2.jpg|160x160px]] |
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| |
| leader3 = [[John Dillon]] |
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| leader4 = [[John Dillon]] |
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| popular_vote3 = 92,556 |
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| |
| percentage3 = 2.6% |
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| swing3 = {{decrease}}2.6% |
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| swing4 = {{decrease}}2.6% |
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<!-- Irish Nationalist --> |
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| image5 = [[File:Ireland yesterday and today (1909) (14587063449) (cropped).jpg|160x160px]] |
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| leader5 = [[John Redmond]] |
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| leader_since5 = 1891 |
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| party5 = Irish National League |
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| leaders_seat5 = [[Waterford City (UK Parliament constituency)|Waterford City]] |
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| last_election5 = 9 seats, 1.6% |
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| seats5 = 12 |
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| seat_change5 = {{increase}}3 |
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| popular_vote5 = 47,698 |
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| percentage5 = 1.3% |
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| swing5 = {{decrease}}0.3% |
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| title = [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] |
| title = [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] |
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| posttitle = Prime Minister after<br/>election |
| posttitle = Prime Minister after<br/>election |
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| after_election = [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Marquess of Salisbury]] |
| after_election = [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Marquess of Salisbury]] |
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| after_party = Conservative Party (UK) |
| after_party = Conservative Party (UK) |
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| turnout = 78.4% |
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| map2_image = File:1895 UK GE composition diagram.svg |
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| map2_caption = Diagram showing the composition of the House of Commons following the election |
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The '''1895 United Kingdom general election''' was held from 13 July to 7 August 1895. The result was a Conservative parliamentary majority of 153. |
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[[William Ewart Gladstone|William Gladstone]] had retired as Prime Minister the previous year, and [[Queen Victoria]], disregarding Gladstone's advice to name [[John Spencer, 5th Earl Spencer|Lord Spencer]] as his successor, appointed the [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Earl of Rosebery]] as the new Prime Minister. Rosebery's government found itself largely in a state of paralysis due to a power struggle between him and [[William Harcourt (politician)|William Harcourt]], the Liberal leader in the Commons. The situation came to a head on 21 June, when Parliament voted to dismiss [[Secretary of State for War]] [[Henry Campbell-Bannerman]]; Rosebery, realising that the government would likely not survive a [[motion of no confidence]] were one to be brought, promptly resigned as Prime Minister. [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] leader [[Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]] was subsequently re-appointed for a third spell as Prime Minister, and promptly called a new election. |
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The election was won by the Conservatives, who continued their alliance with the [[Liberal Unionist Party]] and won a large majority. The Liberals, in contrast, went down to what at the time was their worst result since the party's foundation, winning just 177 seats. The [[Irish Parliamentary Party]] was split at this time; most of its MPs (the [[Irish National Federation|"Anti-Parnellites"]]) followed [[John Dillon]], while a rump (the [[Irish National League|"Parnellites"]]) followed [[John Redmond]]. The [[Independent Labour Party]], having only previously existed as a loose grouping of left-wing politicians, formally organized into a party led by [[Keir Hardie]] in 1893 and contested their first election. They earned relatively little attention at this election, winning slightly less than one per cent of the popular vote and no seats, but would enjoy greater success five years later, when they ran under the banner of the [[Labour Representation Committee (1900)|Labour Representation Committee]]. |
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This was the last United Kingdom general election where neither the incumbent Prime Minister nor leader of the main opposition party sat in the House of Commons, with Rosebery and Salisbury both sitting in the House of Lords, and [[William Harcourt (politician)|William Harcourt]] and [[Arthur Balfour]] respectively acting as the Commons leaders for the Liberals and Conservatives. |
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The '''1895 United Kingdom general election''' was held from 13 July to 7 August 1895. It was won by the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservatives]] led by [[Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]] who formed an alliance with the [[Liberal Unionist Party]] and had a large majority over the [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberals]], led by [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Lord Rosebery]]. The [[Irish Parliamentary Party]] was split at this time, the majority of its MPs (the [[Irish National Federation|"Anti-Parnellites"]]) following [[John Dillon]], while a rump (the [[Irish National League|"Parnellites"]]) followed [[John Redmond]]. |
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{{UK general election navigation|clear=none|1886|1892|1895|1900|1906}} |
{{UK general election navigation|clear=none|1886|1892|1895|1900|1906}} |
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==Results== |
==Results== |
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[[File:1895 UK parliament.svg|center|300px]] |
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{| style="width:70%; text-align:center;" |
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⚫ | |||
|+ style="width:50.0%; text-align:right" | ↓{{fsp}} |
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|- style="color:white;" |
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| style="background:{{Conservative and Liberal Unionist/meta/color}}; width:61.34%;" | '''411''' |
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| style="color:black; background:{{Liberal Party (UK)/meta/color}}; width:26.42%;" | '''177''' |
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| style="color: black; background:{{Irish National Federation/meta/color}}; width:10.45%;" | '''70''' |
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| style="color: black; background:{{Irish National League/meta/color}}; width:1.79%;" | '''12''' |
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|- |
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| <span style="color:{{Conservative and Liberal Unionist/meta/color}};">'''Conservative & Lib. Unionist'''</span> |
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| <span style="color:black;">'''Liberal'''</span> |
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| <span style="color:black;">'''INF'''</span> |
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| <span style="color:black;">'''INL'''</span> |
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|party = Conservative and Liberal Unionist |
|party = Conservative and Liberal Unionist |
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|leader = [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]] |
|leader = [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|Lord Salisbury]] |
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|vps = 4,610 |
|vps = 4,610 |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party with leaders| |
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|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
|party = Liberal Party (UK) |
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|leader = [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Lord Rosebery]] |
|leader = [[Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery|Lord Rosebery]] |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party with leaders| |
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|party = Irish National Federation |
|party = Irish National Federation |
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|leader = [[John Dillon]] |
|leader = [[John Dillon]] |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party with leaders| |
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|party = Irish National League |
|party = Irish National League |
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|leader = [[John Redmond]] |
|leader = [[John Redmond]] |
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|vps = 1,824 |
|vps = 1,824 |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party with leaders| |
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|party = Independent Labour Party |
|party = Independent Labour Party |
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|leader = [[Keir Hardie]] |
|leader = [[Keir Hardie]] |
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|vps = N/A |
|vps = N/A |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party with leaders| |
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|party = Independent Liberal |
|party = Independent Liberal |
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|leader = ''N/A'' |
|leader = ''N/A'' |
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|vps = N/A |
|vps = N/A |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party with leaders| |
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|party = Social Democratic Federation |
|party = Social Democratic Federation |
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|leader = [[H. M. Hyndman]] |
|leader = [[H. M. Hyndman]] |
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|vps = N/A |
|vps = N/A |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary with leaders| |
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|party = Independent Lib-Lab |
|party = Independent Lib-Lab |
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|leader = ''N/A'' |
|leader = ''N/A'' |
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|vps = N/A |
|vps = N/A |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party with leaders| |
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|party = Independent Labour |
|party = Independent Labour |
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|leader = ''N/A'' |
|leader = ''N/A'' |
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|vps = N/A |
|vps = N/A |
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}} |
}} |
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{{Election |
{{Election summary party with leaders| |
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|party = Independent (politician) |
|party = Independent (politician) |
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|leader = ''N/A'' |
|leader = ''N/A'' |
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|} |
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{{Hatnote|Total votes cast: 3,572,439.<ref>All parties shown.</ref> |
{{Hatnote|Total votes cast: 3,572,439.<ref>All parties shown.</ref><br/>Electorate: 6,330,519 (4,597,886 in contested seats)<br/>Turnout: 78.4% |
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<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130011015/http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html|archive-date=30 January 2012|url=http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html|title=General Election Results 1885-1979|access-date=21 June 2022|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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===Voting summary=== |
===Voting summary=== |
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|barwidth=350px |
|barwidth=350px |
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|bars= |
|bars= |
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{{bar percent|'''Conservative and Liberal Unionist'''|{{Conservative and Liberal Unionist |
{{bar percent|'''Conservative and Liberal Unionist'''|{{party color|Conservative and Liberal Unionist}}|49.25}} |
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{{bar percent|Liberal|{{Liberal Party (UK) |
{{bar percent|Liberal|{{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}|45.58}} |
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{{bar percent|Irish National Federation|{{Irish National Federation |
{{bar percent|Irish National Federation|{{party color|Irish National Federation}}|2.59}} |
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{{bar percent|Irish National League|{{Irish National League |
{{bar percent|Irish National League|{{party color|Irish National League}}|1.34}} |
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{{bar percent|Independent Labour Party|{{Independent Labour Party |
{{bar percent|Independent Labour Party|{{party color|Independent Labour Party}}|0.96}} |
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{{bar percent|Others|#777777|0.28}} |
{{bar percent|Others|#777777|0.28}} |
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}} |
}} |
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|barwidth=350px |
|barwidth=350px |
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|bars= |
|bars= |
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{{bar percent|'''Conservative and Liberal Unionist'''|{{Conservative and Liberal Unionist |
{{bar percent|'''Conservative and Liberal Unionist'''|{{party color|Conservative and Liberal Unionist}}|61.34}} |
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{{bar percent|Liberal|{{Liberal Party (UK) |
{{bar percent|Liberal|{{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}|26.42}} |
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{{bar percent|Irish National Federation|{{Irish National Federation |
{{bar percent|Irish National Federation|{{party color|Irish National Federation}}|10.45}} |
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{{bar percent|Irish National League|{{Irish National League |
{{bar percent|Irish National League|{{party color|Irish National League}}|1.79}} |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* {{citation | |
* {{citation |author-link=F. W. S. Craig |first=F. W. S. |last=Craig |title=British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987 |year=1989 |location=Dartmouth |publisher=Gower |isbn=0900178302 }} |
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* {{citation |last=Craig |first=F. W. S. |title=British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918 |publisher=Macmillan |year=1974}} |
* {{citation |last=Craig |first=F. W. S. |title=British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918 |publisher=Macmillan |year=1974}} |
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* {{citation |last=Readman |first=Paul A. | |
* {{citation |last=Readman |first=Paul A. |author-link=Paul Readman |title=The 1895 general election and political change in late Victorian Britain |journal=Historical Journal |volume=42 |pages=467–493 |number=2 |year=1999 |jstor=3020996|doi=10.1017/S0018246X98008322 |s2cid=154822555 }} |
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* {{citation |last=Roberts |first=Andrew | |
* {{citation |last=Roberts |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Roberts (historian) |title=Salisbury: Victorian Titan |year=1999 |pages=596–604}}{{publisher missing}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.spartacus-educational.com/GE1895.htm Spartacus: Political Parties and Election Results] |
*[http://www.spartacus-educational.com/GE1895.htm Spartacus: Political Parties and Election Results] |
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*[http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html United Kingdom election results—summary results 1885–1979] |
*[http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html United Kingdom election results—summary results 1885–1979] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130011015/http://www.election.demon.co.uk/geresults.html |date=30 January 2012 }} |
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{{British elections}} |
{{British elections}} |
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[[Category:July 1895 events]] |
[[Category:July 1895 events]] |
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[[Category:August 1895 events]] |
[[Category:August 1895 events]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1895 elections in Ireland]] |
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[[Category:Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery]] |
Revision as of 18:41, 2 July 2024
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All 670 seats in the House of Commons 336 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 78.4% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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![]() Colours denote the winning party | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() Diagram showing the composition of the House of Commons following the election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1895 United Kingdom general election was held from 13 July to 7 August 1895. The result was a Conservative parliamentary majority of 153.
William Gladstone had retired as Prime Minister the previous year, and Queen Victoria, disregarding Gladstone's advice to name Lord Spencer as his successor, appointed the Earl of Rosebery as the new Prime Minister. Rosebery's government found itself largely in a state of paralysis due to a power struggle between him and William Harcourt, the Liberal leader in the Commons. The situation came to a head on 21 June, when Parliament voted to dismiss Secretary of State for War Henry Campbell-Bannerman; Rosebery, realising that the government would likely not survive a motion of no confidence were one to be brought, promptly resigned as Prime Minister. Conservative leader Lord Salisbury was subsequently re-appointed for a third spell as Prime Minister, and promptly called a new election.
The election was won by the Conservatives, who continued their alliance with the Liberal Unionist Party and won a large majority. The Liberals, in contrast, went down to what at the time was their worst result since the party's foundation, winning just 177 seats. The Irish Parliamentary Party was split at this time; most of its MPs (the "Anti-Parnellites") followed John Dillon, while a rump (the "Parnellites") followed John Redmond. The Independent Labour Party, having only previously existed as a loose grouping of left-wing politicians, formally organized into a party led by Keir Hardie in 1893 and contested their first election. They earned relatively little attention at this election, winning slightly less than one per cent of the popular vote and no seats, but would enjoy greater success five years later, when they ran under the banner of the Labour Representation Committee.
This was the last United Kingdom general election where neither the incumbent Prime Minister nor leader of the main opposition party sat in the House of Commons, with Rosebery and Salisbury both sitting in the House of Lords, and William Harcourt and Arthur Balfour respectively acting as the Commons leaders for the Liberals and Conservatives.
Results
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/1895_UK_parliament.svg/300px-1895_UK_parliament.svg.png)
Candidates | Votes | ||||||||||
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Party | Leader | Stood | Elected | Gained | Unseated | Net | % of total | % | No. | Net % | |
Conservative and Liberal Unionist | Lord Salisbury | 588 | 411 | 114 | 17 | +97 | 61.34 | 49.25 | 1,759,484 | +2.2 | |
Liberal | Lord Rosebery | 447 | 177 | 18 | 112 | −94 | 26.42 | 45.58 | 1,628,405 | +0.2 | |
Irish National Federation | John Dillon | 77 | 70 | −2 | 10.45 | 2.59 | 92,556 | −2.6 | |||
Irish National League | John Redmond | 26 | 12 | +3 | 1.79 | 1.34 | 47,698 | −0.2 | |||
Ind. Labour Party | Keir Hardie | 28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.96 | 34,433 | N/A | |||
Independent Liberal | N/A | 3 | 0 | −1 | 0 | 0.10 | 3,733 | ||||
Social Democratic Federation | H. M. Hyndman | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.09 | 3,122 | +0.1 | |||
Independent Lib-Lab | N/A | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.07 | 2,348 | ||||
Independent Labour | N/A | 1 | 0 | −3 | 0 | 0.02 | 608 | ||||
Independent | N/A | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 52 |
Voting summary
Seats summary
See also
- List of MPs elected in the 1895 United Kingdom general election
- Parliamentary franchise in the United Kingdom 1885–1918
- 1895 United Kingdom general election in Ireland
Notes
- ^ All parties shown.
- ^ "General Election Results 1885-1979". Archived from the original on 30 January 2012. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
References
- Craig, F. W. S. (1989), British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987, Dartmouth: Gower, ISBN 0900178302
- Craig, F. W. S. (1974), British Parliamentary Election Results 1885–1918, Macmillan
- Readman, Paul A. (1999), "The 1895 general election and political change in late Victorian Britain", Historical Journal, 42 (2): 467–493, doi:10.1017/S0018246X98008322, JSTOR 3020996, S2CID 154822555
- Roberts, Andrew (1999), Salisbury: Victorian Titan, pp. 596–604[publisher missing]
External links
- 1895 United Kingdom general election
- 1895 elections in the United Kingdom
- General elections to the Parliament of the United Kingdom
- 1895 in the United Kingdom
- July 1895 events
- August 1895 events
- 1895 elections in Ireland
- Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
- Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery