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{{short description|Security branch of the National Rally}} |
{{short description|Security branch of the National Rally}} |
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{{Multiple issues| |
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{{update|date=August 2020}} |
{{update|date=August 2020}} |
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{{POV}} |
{{POV|date=April 2021}} |
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[[Image:Le Pen Paris 2007 05 01 n6.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Members of the DPS at the [[National Rally (France)|National Rally]] [[political party|party]]'s annual tribute to [[Joan of Arc]] in [[Paris]], 1 May 2007]] |
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'''Department for Protection and Security''' ('''DPS''') |
[[Image:Le Pen Paris 2007 05 01 n6.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Members of the DPS at the [[National Rally (France)|National Rally]] [[political party|party]]'s annual tribute to [[Joan of Arc]] in [[Paris]], 1 May 2007.]] |
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'''Department for Protection and Security''' ('''DPS''') ({{lang-fr|'''Département Protection et Sécurité'''}}) is the security branch of the [[National Rally (France)|National Rally]] (RN) [[political party]] of [[France]] (formerly the "National Front"), which depends directly on the RN's president and is led by Eric Staelens {{as of|lc=yes|2007}}.<ref>[http://www.frontnational.com/organigrammes_autres.php Historique - Front National - Jean-Marie Le Pen<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127015653/http://www.frontnational.com/organigrammes_autres.php |date=2007-11-27 }}</ref> {{as of|2007}}, it consists of 1,500 members.<ref>[http://www.frontnational.com/organigrammes_autres.php Organigramme: Les autres services du FN] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071127015653/http://www.frontnational.com/organigrammes_autres.php |date=2007-11-27 }}, National Front website.</ref> |
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==Mission== |
==Mission== |
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The mission of the DPS is providing physical protection of the leaders of National Rally and the monitoring of events or meetings of the party. One feature of DPS compared to other political parties' security services is its quasi-military character, both in the origin of many of its members (former [[Military of France|military]], [[Police of France|police]] or [[security guard]]s) and in its equipment consisting of helmets and uniforms similar to those worn by the [[riot police|mobile brigades]] of law enforcement. There is a fairly strong tradition of red berets ([[Paratroops#France|Paratroops]]) and Green Berets ([[French Foreign Legion|Foreign Legion]]). |
The mission of the DPS is providing physical protection of the leaders of National Rally and the monitoring of events or meetings of the party. One feature of DPS compared to other political parties' security services is its quasi-military character, both in the origin of many of its members (former [[Military of France|military]], [[Police of France|police]] or [[security guard]]s) and in its equipment consisting of helmets and uniforms similar to those worn by the [[riot police|mobile brigades]] of law enforcement. There is a fairly strong tradition of red berets ([[Paratroops#France|Paratroops]]) and Green Berets ([[French Foreign Legion|Foreign Legion]]). In 2022, the DPS changed their military style to a more formal one with suits, but still maintaining their mission of protecting party leaders, especially Le Pen. |
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== 1998 Parliamentary Commission on the acts of the DPS == |
== 1998 Parliamentary Commission on the acts of the DPS == |
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In 1998, a Parliamentary Commission, led by [[French Socialist Party|Socialist MP]] [[Bernard Grasset (politician)|Bernard Grasset]] ([[Greens (France)|Green MP]] [[Noël Mamère]] and conservative MP [[Patrick Devedjian]] were also part of it),<ref> |
In 1998, a Parliamentary Commission, led by [[French Socialist Party|Socialist MP]] [[Bernard Grasset (politician)|Bernard Grasset]] ([[Greens (France)|Green MP]] [[Noël Mamère]] and conservative MP [[Patrick Devedjian]] were also part of it),<ref>http://www.assembleenationale.fr/tribun/fiches_id/1124.asp {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020221194344/http://www.assembleenationale.fr/tribun/fiches_id/1124.asp |date=2002-02-21 }} {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2022}}</ref> was created to investigate its acts, after several violent incidents during demonstrations and other occasions.<ref>[http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/rap-reso/r0902.asp National Assembly report]</ref> The report was published on 3 June 1999, and pinpointed several cases of DPS member checking [[French national identity card|identity card]] of demonstrators instead of the police.<ref>{{cite news | title=Un 1er Mai sous haute surveillance | publisher=France Info | date=2002-04-29 | url=http://www.radiofrance.fr/chaines/france-info/chroniques/dossier/index.php?m=3&chro_diff_id=3439&imp=1 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040914154657/http://www.radiofrance.fr/chaines/france-info/chroniques/dossier/index.php?m=3&chro_diff_id=3439&imp=1 | archivedate=2004-09-14 }}</ref> It also pinpointed links with the ''[[Groupe Union Défense]]'' (GUD), former [[Organisation armée secrète|OAS]] members, [[mercenaries]] and [[private military contractors]].<ref>[http://www.confidentiel.net/mot.php3?id_mot=668 Confidentiel.net]</ref><ref>[http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/11/dossiers/dps/r1622p02.asp National Assembly]</ref> The Parliamentary commission declared that the DPS should have been dissolved end of 1996, after the [[Montceau-les-Mines]] affair on 25 October 1996, when a DPS unit acted like an ordinary police order force, alike to the ''[[Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité|C.R.S.]]'' anti-riot units. After the creation of the ''[[Mouvement National Républicain]]'' (MNR) by [[Bruno Mégret]], an offshoot from the RN, the DPS itself also split into two organizations, the DPS on one side and the DPA (''Département Protection Assistance'') on the other side.<ref>{{cite news | title=DPS : trop tard pour dissoudre selon les députés | newspaper=L'Humanité |date=1999-06-04 | url=https://www.humanite.fr/journal/1999-06-04/1999-06-04-290722}}</ref> |
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A former member of the DPS has given a long interview to daily ''[[Libération]]''. Using the pseudonym "Dominique", he explained that the DPS has special "unofficial" intervention squads made up of former [[paratrooper]]s and [[French Foreign Legion|Foreign Legionnaires]], veterans of French interventions in [[Chad]], [[Lebanon]], and the [[Central African Republic]]. Some members of the DPS were present in covert operations in [[Zaire]] (1997 and 2001), [[Madagascar]] (in 2002, [[Didier Ratsiraka]] called for some mercenaries to resolve the political crisis |
A former member of the DPS has given a long interview to daily ''[[Libération]]''. Using the pseudonym "Dominique", he explained that the DPS has special "unofficial" intervention squads made up of former [[paratrooper]]s and [[French Foreign Legion|Foreign Legionnaires]], veterans of French interventions in [[Chad]], [[Lebanon]], and the [[Central African Republic]]. Some members of the DPS were present in covert operations in [[Zaire]] (1997 and 2001), [[Madagascar]] (in 2002, [[Didier Ratsiraka]] called for some mercenaries to resolve the political crisis <ref>http://www.meinung.vaovao.net/forum_show.php?id=343 {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2022}}</ref>), [[Ivory Coast]] (2001–2003).<ref>{{cite news | title=En Afrique, une nouvelle génération de " chiens de guerre " | publisher=Le Monde Diplomatique |date=November 2004|url=http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2004/11/LEYMARIE/11673}} (translations available in English and [[Persian language|Persian]])</ref> |
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== Bernard Courcelle's leadership until Bruno Mégret's scission == |
== Bernard Courcelle's leadership until Bruno Mégret's scission == |
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DPS is equipped with [[helmet]]s and [[shield]]s, [[conflict gas mask|gas mask]]s, [[tear gas]] launchers, guns that fire [[rubber bullet]]s, [[bulletproof vest]]s, [[Club (weapon)|club]]s, and gloves with lead weights. DPS is alleged to have compiled computerized lists of [[journalist]]s and [[anti-fascist]] activists with their names, addresses, and photos. They engage in punitive actions against their opponents but have, Dominique said, excellent relations with the [[police]], including the [[police commissioner]]s. They are organized in terms of [[military rank]]s such as [[colonel]] and [[Captain (OF-2)|captain]]. According to Liberation, the DPS now{{when |
DPS is equipped with [[helmet]]s and [[shield]]s, [[conflict gas mask|gas mask]]s, [[tear gas]] launchers, guns that fire [[rubber bullet]]s, [[bulletproof vest]]s, [[Club (weapon)|club]]s, and gloves with lead weights. DPS is alleged to have compiled computerized lists of [[journalist]]s and [[anti-fascist]] activists with their names, addresses, and photos. They engage in punitive actions against their opponents but have, Dominique said, excellent relations with the [[police]], including the [[police commissioner]]s. They are organized in terms of [[military rank]]s such as [[colonel]] and [[Captain (OF-2)|captain]]. According to Liberation, the DPS now{{when|date=August 2020}} has 3,000 members. Since 1993, the group has been commanded by [[Bernard Courcelle]], who claims, "We only defend ourselves. We never attack the meetings of other groups." According to ''[[Reporters Sans Frontières]]'', the DPS has records on [[journalist]]s who follow the National Rally's activities and, on several occasions, was responsible for the beating up of reporters.<ref>{{cite news | title=Les violences de l'extrême droite contre la presse, un danger à prendre au sérieux | publisher=Reporters Sans Frontières | date=2002-06-21 | url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=2649 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051025041904/http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=2649 | archivedate=2005-10-25 }}</ref> After [[Bruno Mégret]]'s split, Bernard Courcelle followed him with 1,700 members from the DPS, and Jean-Marie Le Pen named Marc Bellier to fill his place, and then Jean-Pierre Chabrut<ref>{{cite news | title=Le chef du DPS ira à Marignane | newspaper=L'Humanité |date=1999-01-22 | url=http://www.humanite.presse.fr/journal/1999-01-22/1999-01-22-441929}}</ref> |
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In 1980, Bernard Courcelle was a member, along with [[Bruno Gollnisch]], of the ''[[Direction de la Protection de la Sécurité et de la Défense]]'' ([[DPSD]]), an official [[French Ministry of Defence|Ministry of Defence]] organization in charge of recruiting [[mercenaries]] and informing on weapons traffic. The DPSD allegedly has or had ties, between the two wars, with the terrorist group ''[[La Cagoule]]''. In 1983, Bernard Courcelle allegedly created a [[mercenary]] firm with his brother. The next year, he became the former security director of the French armaments manufacturer, [[Luchaire]]. In 1989, he was in charge of security for the [[Musée d'Orsay]], which responsibility was assumed by none other than [[Anne Pingeot]], president [[François Mitterrand]]'s secret [[Mistress (lover)|mistress]]. In 1993, Courcelle became the leader of the DPS, before becoming in 1999 the leader of [[Republic of the Congo]]'s president [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]'s personal guard. He then took charge of the security of the oil company [[Elf Aquitaine|Elf]]'s infrastructures in [[Pointe-Noire]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Le Crime continue | publisher=Survie NGO | year=2000 | url=http://www.survie-france.org/article.php3?id_article=165 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106155812/http://www.survie-france.org/article.php3?id_article=165 | archivedate=2006-01-06 }}</ref> |
In 1980, Bernard Courcelle was a member, along with [[Bruno Gollnisch]], of the ''[[Direction de la Protection de la Sécurité et de la Défense]]'' ([[DPSD]]), an official [[French Ministry of Defence|Ministry of Defence]] organization in charge of recruiting [[mercenaries]] and informing on weapons traffic. The DPSD allegedly has or had ties, between the two wars, with the terrorist group ''[[La Cagoule]]''. In 1983, Bernard Courcelle allegedly created a [[mercenary]] firm with his brother. The next year, he became the former security director of the French armaments manufacturer, [[Luchaire]]. In 1989, he was in charge of security for the [[Musée d'Orsay]], which responsibility was assumed by none other than [[Anne Pingeot]], president [[François Mitterrand]]'s secret [[Mistress (lover)|mistress]]. In 1993, Courcelle became the leader of the DPS, before becoming in 1999 the leader of [[Republic of the Congo]]'s president [[Denis Sassou-Nguesso]]'s personal guard. He then took charge of the security of the oil company [[Elf Aquitaine|Elf]]'s infrastructures in [[Pointe-Noire]].<ref>{{cite news | title=Le Crime continue | publisher=Survie NGO | year=2000 | url=http://www.survie-france.org/article.php3?id_article=165 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060106155812/http://www.survie-france.org/article.php3?id_article=165 | archivedate=2006-01-06 }}</ref> |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Department For Protection And Security}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Department For Protection And Security}} |
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[[Category:National |
[[Category:National Rally (France)]] |
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[[Category:Paramilitary organizations based in France]] |
[[Category:Paramilitary organizations based in France]] |
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[[Category:Military wings of |
[[Category:Military wings of nationalist parties]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:25, 2 July 2024
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Department for Protection and Security (DPS) (French: Département Protection et Sécurité) is the security branch of the National Rally (RN) political party of France (formerly the "National Front"), which depends directly on the RN's president and is led by Eric Staelens as of 2007[update].[1] As of 2007[update], it consists of 1,500 members.[2]
Mission
[edit]The mission of the DPS is providing physical protection of the leaders of National Rally and the monitoring of events or meetings of the party. One feature of DPS compared to other political parties' security services is its quasi-military character, both in the origin of many of its members (former military, police or security guards) and in its equipment consisting of helmets and uniforms similar to those worn by the mobile brigades of law enforcement. There is a fairly strong tradition of red berets (Paratroops) and Green Berets (Foreign Legion). In 2022, the DPS changed their military style to a more formal one with suits, but still maintaining their mission of protecting party leaders, especially Le Pen.
1998 Parliamentary Commission on the acts of the DPS
[edit]In 1998, a Parliamentary Commission, led by Socialist MP Bernard Grasset (Green MP Noël Mamère and conservative MP Patrick Devedjian were also part of it),[3] was created to investigate its acts, after several violent incidents during demonstrations and other occasions.[4] The report was published on 3 June 1999, and pinpointed several cases of DPS member checking identity card of demonstrators instead of the police.[5] It also pinpointed links with the Groupe Union Défense (GUD), former OAS members, mercenaries and private military contractors.[6][7] The Parliamentary commission declared that the DPS should have been dissolved end of 1996, after the Montceau-les-Mines affair on 25 October 1996, when a DPS unit acted like an ordinary police order force, alike to the C.R.S. anti-riot units. After the creation of the Mouvement National Républicain (MNR) by Bruno Mégret, an offshoot from the RN, the DPS itself also split into two organizations, the DPS on one side and the DPA (Département Protection Assistance) on the other side.[8]
A former member of the DPS has given a long interview to daily Libération. Using the pseudonym "Dominique", he explained that the DPS has special "unofficial" intervention squads made up of former paratroopers and Foreign Legionnaires, veterans of French interventions in Chad, Lebanon, and the Central African Republic. Some members of the DPS were present in covert operations in Zaire (1997 and 2001), Madagascar (in 2002, Didier Ratsiraka called for some mercenaries to resolve the political crisis [9]), Ivory Coast (2001–2003).[10]
Bernard Courcelle's leadership until Bruno Mégret's scission
[edit]DPS is equipped with helmets and shields, gas masks, tear gas launchers, guns that fire rubber bullets, bulletproof vests, clubs, and gloves with lead weights. DPS is alleged to have compiled computerized lists of journalists and anti-fascist activists with their names, addresses, and photos. They engage in punitive actions against their opponents but have, Dominique said, excellent relations with the police, including the police commissioners. They are organized in terms of military ranks such as colonel and captain. According to Liberation, the DPS now[when?] has 3,000 members. Since 1993, the group has been commanded by Bernard Courcelle, who claims, "We only defend ourselves. We never attack the meetings of other groups." According to Reporters Sans Frontières, the DPS has records on journalists who follow the National Rally's activities and, on several occasions, was responsible for the beating up of reporters.[11] After Bruno Mégret's split, Bernard Courcelle followed him with 1,700 members from the DPS, and Jean-Marie Le Pen named Marc Bellier to fill his place, and then Jean-Pierre Chabrut[12]
In 1980, Bernard Courcelle was a member, along with Bruno Gollnisch, of the Direction de la Protection de la Sécurité et de la Défense (DPSD), an official Ministry of Defence organization in charge of recruiting mercenaries and informing on weapons traffic. The DPSD allegedly has or had ties, between the two wars, with the terrorist group La Cagoule. In 1983, Bernard Courcelle allegedly created a mercenary firm with his brother. The next year, he became the former security director of the French armaments manufacturer, Luchaire. In 1989, he was in charge of security for the Musée d'Orsay, which responsibility was assumed by none other than Anne Pingeot, president François Mitterrand's secret mistress. In 1993, Courcelle became the leader of the DPS, before becoming in 1999 the leader of Republic of the Congo's president Denis Sassou-Nguesso's personal guard. He then took charge of the security of the oil company Elf's infrastructures in Pointe-Noire.[13]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Historique - Front National - Jean-Marie Le Pen Archived 2007-11-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Organigramme: Les autres services du FN Archived 2007-11-27 at the Wayback Machine, National Front website.
- ^ http://www.assembleenationale.fr/tribun/fiches_id/1124.asp Archived 2002-02-21 at the Wayback Machine [bare URL]
- ^ National Assembly report
- ^ "Un 1er Mai sous haute surveillance". France Info. 2002-04-29. Archived from the original on 2004-09-14.
- ^ Confidentiel.net
- ^ National Assembly
- ^ "DPS : trop tard pour dissoudre selon les députés". L'Humanité. 1999-06-04.
- ^ http://www.meinung.vaovao.net/forum_show.php?id=343 [bare URL]
- ^ "En Afrique, une nouvelle génération de " chiens de guerre "". Le Monde Diplomatique. November 2004. (translations available in English and Persian)
- ^ "Les violences de l'extrême droite contre la presse, un danger à prendre au sérieux". Reporters Sans Frontières. 2002-06-21. Archived from the original on 2005-10-25.
- ^ "Le chef du DPS ira à Marignane". L'Humanité. 1999-01-22.
- ^ "Le Crime continue". Survie NGO. 2000. Archived from the original on 2006-01-06.