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{{Short description|Belarusian pro-democracy activist}}
⚫
{{Infobox Person
{{overly detailed|date=January 2018}}
⚫
{{Infobox person
|name = Valery Levaneuski<br>{{lang|ru|Валерий Левоневский}}
|name = Valery Levaneuski<br>{{lang|ru|Валерий Левоневский}}
|image = Levaneuski1.jpg
|image = Valery Levaneuski.jpg
|caption = Valery Levaneuski
|caption = Valery Levaneuski
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|8|15}}
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1963|8|15|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Grodno]], [[Byelorussian SSR]]
|birth_place = [[Grodno]], [[Byelorussian SSR]], [[USSR]]
|death_date =
|death_date =
|death_place =
|death_place =
|other_names =
|other_names =
|known_for =
|known_for =
|alma_mater =
|alma_mater =
|occupation = [[entrepreneur]], [[Opposition (politics)|opposition]] [[leader]], president of the national strike committee
|occupation = [[entrepreneur]], [[Opposition (politics)|opposition]] [[leader]], president of the [[National Strike Committee of Belarus|National Strike Committee]]
|website = http://levonevsky.org
|website = http://levonevsky.org
}}
}}


'''Valéry Levanéuski''' ({{lang-ru|Левоне́вский Вале́рий Станисла́вович}}, {{lang-be|Вале́ры Станісла́вавіч Леване́ўскі}}, {{lang-pl|Walery Lewoniewski}}) - Belarussian political and social activist, former political prisoner. [[Amnesty International]] recognizes him as a [[prisoner of conscience]].<ref name="nn1">[http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR49/009/2006/en Valerii Levonevskii and Aleksander Vasiliev were imprisoned for publishing a poem]</ref>
'''Valery Stanislavovich Levaneuski''' ({{lang-ru|Вале́рий Станисла́вович Левоне́вский}}, {{lang-be|Вале́ры Станісла́вавіч Леване́ўскі}}, {{lang-pl|Walery Lewoniewski}}) is a [[Belarus]]ian political and social activist, and former political prisoner. [[Amnesty International]] recognizes him as a [[prisoner of conscience]].<ref name="nn1">[https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/EUR49/009/2006/en Valerii Levonevskii and Aleksander Vasiliev were imprisoned for publishing a poem]</ref>


==Biography==
==Biography==
Valery Levaneuski was born on [[15 August]] [[1963]] in [[Grodno]] in a large family.
Valery Levaneuski was born on 15 August 1963 in [[Grodno]] in a large family.


In [[1979]], candidate for master of [[sports boxing]].
In 1979, candidate for master of [[sports boxing]].


In [[1980]] began working career with work as a fitter in mechanical workshops.
In 1980 began working career with work as a fitter in mechanical workshops.


From [[1980]] to [[1982]] served in the [[Soviet Armed Forces]]. Expert of Soviet and Bulgarian Army.
From 1980 to 1982 served in the [[Soviet Armed Forces]]. Expert of Soviet and Bulgarian Army.


[[1985]] - [[1991]] – adjuster of radio electronics, mechanic of control and measuring devices and apparatus, engineer in various [[Grodno]] enterprises.
1985–1991 – adjuster of radio electronics, mechanic of control and measuring devices and apparatus, engineer in various [[Grodno]] enterprises.


In [[1991]] registered as an entrepreneur. Directed Grodno regional union for protection of taxpayers’, consumers’ and drivers’ rights, Grodno information and legal center, and Grodno consumer protection center.
In 1991 registered as an entrepreneur. Directed Grodno regional union for protection of taxpayers’, consumers’ and drivers’ rights, Grodno information and legal center, and Grodno consumer protection center.


Since [[1996]], Valery Levaneuski has been under close scrutiny by the authorities and subjected to searches, confiscation of property and questioning over various charges.
Since 1996, Valery Levaneuski has been under close scrutiny by the authorities and subjected to searches, confiscation of property and questioning over various charges.


Since 1996 he leads the strike committee (so-called Stachkom) of entrepreneurs of the Republic of Belarus.
Since 1996, he leads the [[National Strike Committee of Belarus|strike committee]] (so-called Stachkom) of entrepreneurs of the Republic of Belarus.
He organized numerous mass protests of entrepreneurs in the Republic of Belarus that resulted in him being fined, arrested and prosecuted. He is a founder and chief editor of the “The Employer” Republican bulletin <ref>[http://levonevski.net/employer “The Employer” bulletin (Internet-version)]</ref>. On numerous occasions he participated in elections as a parliamentary candidate for municipal and regional legislative bodies. Every time his registration of a candidate was denied for political reasons <ref>[http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2003/02/03/levonevsky Valery Levaneuski is denied registration as a parliamentary candidate] - text in Russian</ref> <ref>[http://www.afn.by/news/i/47349 Comission of the Nothern elective division of Grodno denied registration of the advocacy group for Valery Levaneuski] - text in Russian</ref>.
He organized numerous mass protests of entrepreneurs in the Republic of Belarus that resulted in him being fined, arrested and prosecuted. He is a founder and chief editor of “The Employer” Republican bulletin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://levonevski.net/employer |title="The Employer" bulletin (Internet-version) |access-date=2011-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814120531/http://www.levonevski.net/employer/ |archive-date=2011-08-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On numerous occasions he participated in elections as a parliamentary candidate for municipal and regional legislative bodies. Every time his registration of a candidate was denied for political reasons.<ref>[http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2003/02/03/levonevsky Valery Levaneuski is denied registration as a parliamentary candidate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402202723/http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2003/02/03/levonevsky |date=2012-04-02 }} - text in Russian</ref><ref>[http://www.afn.by/news/i/47349 Commission of the Northern elective division of Grodno denied registration of the advocacy group for Valery Levaneuski] - text in Russian</ref>


In [[2001]] he ran for President of the Belarus Republic <ref>[http://ru.belaruselections.info/archive/2001/chronicle/0031091/ 25 people compete for Belarussian Presidency] - text in Russian</ref>. He broke the slate <ref>[http://www.rol.ru/news/misc/newssng/01/07/20_057.htm Stachkom representative Valery Levaneuski quits pre-elective run – Information company BelaPAN] - text in Russian</ref> <ref>[http://ru.belaruselections.info/archive/2001/chronicle/0031171/ Nineteen thousand signatures were gathered in support for potential candidate for President, Valery Levaneuski – Information company BelaPAN] - text in Russian</ref> because of the change of legislation during the elections (Decree #20 from year 2001 <ref>[http://newsby.org/documents/dekretp/dek00109.htm Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated June 26, 2001 #20]</ref>).
In 2001, he ran for President of the Belarus Republic.<ref>[http://ru.belaruselections.info/archive/2001/chronicle/0031091/ 25 people compete for Belarusian Presidency]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - text in Russian</ref> He broke the slate <ref>[http://www.rol.ru/news/misc/newssng/01/07/20_057.htm Stachkom representative Valery Levaneuski quits pre-elective run – Information company BelaPAN] - text in Russian</ref><ref>[http://ru.belaruselections.info/archive/2001/chronicle/0031171/ Nineteen thousand signatures were gathered in support for potential candidate for President, Valery Levaneuski – Information company BelaPAN]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - text in Russian</ref> because of the change of legislation during the elections (Decree #20 from year 2001 <ref>[http://newsby.org/documents/dekretp/dek00109.htm Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated June 26, 2001 #20]</ref>).


In [[2002]], the strike committee led by Levaneuski organized a strike of 120,000 small traders calling for President [[Alexander Lukashenko|Lukashenko]] to be ousted and blaming him personally for the suppression of small businesses in Belarus.<ref name="nn1" />
In 2002, the strike committee led by Levaneuski organized a strike of 120,000 small traders calling for President [[Alexander Lukashenko|Lukashenko]] to be ousted and blaming him personally for the suppression of small businesses in Belarus.<ref name="nn1" />


In February [[2003]] Levaneuski was denied registration as candidate for Deputy.<ref>[http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2003/02/03/levonevsky Valery Levonevsky Denied Registration As Candidate for Deputy]</ref>
In February 2003, Levaneuski was denied registration as candidate for Deputy.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2003/02/03/levonevsky |title=Valery Levonevsky Denied Registration As Candidate for Deputy |access-date=2009-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305205940/http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2003/02/03/levonevsky |archive-date=2012-03-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


From May 15, 2004 to May 15, 2006 - served sentence of imprisonment in a colony, with confiscation of property, under art. 368, part 2 of the Criminal Code (insult to the [[Alexander Lukashenko|President of the Republic of Belarus]]). Fully served a two-year prison sentence and was released on May 15, 2006.
From 15 May 2004 to 15 May 2006 - served sentence of imprisonment in a colony, with confiscation of property, under art. 368, part 2 of the Criminal Code (insult to the [[Alexander Lukashenko|President of the Republic of Belarus]]). Fully served a two-year prison sentence and was released on 15 May 2006.


2004-2006 – served sentence in form of confinement at general regime penal colony with confiscation of property in accordance with part 2, article 368 of Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus (contempt of the President of the Belarus Republic). Valery Levaunevski could not be released on conditional [[discharge]] or on [[amnesty]]. While serving his sentence in penal colonies he was penalized in form of placing into disciplinary cell, denial of relatives' visits, and also [[torture|tortures]], threat of homicide from administration of [[correctional facility]]. All of it was for the central purpose: for him to sign the public waiver of his political activity. Valery was denied of the qualified medical assistance and medical supervision during the entire term of his imprisonment. He was not allowed to appeal sanctions of prison administration in court.
2004-2006 – served sentence in form of confinement at general regime penal colony with confiscation of property in accordance with part 2, article 368 of Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus (contempt of the President of the Belarus Republic). Valery Levaunevski could not be released on conditional [[Discharge (sentencing)|discharge]] or on [[amnesty]]. While serving his sentence in penal colonies he was penalized in form of placing into disciplinary cell, denial of relatives' visits, and also [[torture]]s, threat of homicide from administration of [[correctional facility]]. All of it was for the central purpose: for him to sign the public waiver of his political activity. Valery was denied of the qualified medical assistance and medical supervision during the entire term of his imprisonment. He was not allowed to appeal sanctions of prison administration in court.


Valery Levaneuski has served his entire 2-year sentence, “done” his time “from start to finish” in various prisons and colonies <ref name="nn1" />, including:
Valery Levaneuski has served his entire 2-year sentence, “done” his time “from start to finish” in various prisons and colonies,<ref name="nn1" /> including:


* [[Prison]] #1 of the city of [[Grodno]]
* [[Prison]] #1 of the city of [[Grodno]]
Line 52: Line 54:
* Penal colony #19, [[Mogilev]]
* Penal colony #19, [[Mogilev]]


[[2010]] – release of a documentary “In Government’s Hindsight” <ref>[http://www.levonevsky.org/texts/doc295.htm Film: Valery Levaneuski – In Government’s Hindsight (video)]</ref> dedicated to the development of strike movement of entrepreneurs in Belarus. Valery Levaneuski, main character of the film, tells about importance and dangers of having a business in Belarus. Film was a winner of the 15th All-Polish documental watch BAZAR in [[Poznań]].
2010 – release of a documentary “In Government’s Hindsight” <ref>[http://www.levonevsky.org/texts/doc295.htm Film: Valery Levaneuski – In Government’s Hindsight (video)]</ref> dedicated to the development of strike movement of entrepreneurs in Belarus. Valery Levaneuski, main character of the film, tells about importance and dangers of having a business in Belarus. Film was a winner of the 15th All-Polish documental watch BAZAR in [[Poznań]].


==Arrests and searches==
==Arrests and searches==
On July 8 [[2001]], Levaneuski and three members of his initiative group were detained by the police while collecting voter's signatures on a parking lot near the road police station on outskirts of [[Lida]].<ref>[http://www.ilhr.org/ilhr/regional/belarus/updates/2001/28.htm CANDIDATE DETAINED BY POLICE FOR COLLECTING SIGNATURES]</ref>
On 8 July 2001, Levaneuski and three members of his initiative group were detained by the police while collecting voters' signatures on a parking lot near the road police station on outskirts of [[Lida]].<ref>[http://www.ilhr.org/ilhr/regional/belarus/updates/2001/28.htm CANDIDATE DETAINED BY POLICE FOR COLLECTING SIGNATURES]</ref>


29 August [[2002]] - Two juvenile sons of Valery Levaneuski were arrested in [[Mogilev]] while distributing a bulletin titled "Predprinimatel" ("The Entrepreneur") among vendors at a local outdoor market.<ref>[http://www.ilhr.org/ilhr/regional/belarus/updates/2002/36_02.htm MARKET VENDORS PROTEST TAX RISES, INSURANCE FEES]</ref>
29 August 2002 - Two juvenile sons of Valery Levaneuski were arrested in [[Mogilev]] while distributing a bulletin titled "Predprinimatel" ("The Entrepreneur") among vendors at a local outdoor market.<ref>[http://www.ilhr.org/ilhr/regional/belarus/updates/2002/36_02.htm MARKET VENDORS PROTEST TAX RISES, INSURANCE FEES]</ref>


On 11 October [[2002]], Valery Levaneuski was arrested in Grodno and charged with violation of Art. 167, par. 1 ("participation in mass actions violating public order") of the Belarusian Administrative Offenses Code for holding an authorized rally in protest against recent tax increases and insurance fees for small business owners.<ref>[http://www.ilhr.org/ilhr/regional/belarus/updates/2002/41_02.htm STRIKE LEADER CHARGED WITH STAGING UNAUTHORIZED RALLY] - International League of Human Rights</ref>
On 11 October 2002, Valery Levaneuski was arrested in Grodno and charged with violation of Art. 167, par. 1 ("participation in mass actions violating public order") of the Belarusian Administrative Offenses Code for holding an authorized rally in protest against recent tax increases and insurance fees for small business owners.<ref>[http://www.ilhr.org/ilhr/regional/belarus/updates/2002/41_02.htm STRIKE LEADER CHARGED WITH STAGING UNAUTHORIZED RALLY] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221162403/http://www.ilhr.org/ilhr/regional/belarus/updates/2002/41_02.htm |date=2010-12-21 }} - International League of Human Rights</ref>


Overnight on February 15–16, [[2003]] the law-enforcers raided the Grodno house of Valery Levaneuski. The raid commenced at 10.20p.m. and ended at 00.15a.m. Valery has just returned from Minsk. The night visit was carried out with certain acts of violence, applied against Valery’s elder son Dmitry. As a result of the raid was confiscated copying machine and printed production.<ref>[http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2003/02/17/levon Night Raid on Valery Levonevsky’s Apartment]</ref>
Overnight on 15–16 February 2003, the law-enforcers raided the Grodno house of Valery Levaneuski. The raid commenced at 10.20p.m. and ended at 00.15a.m. Valery has just returned from Minsk. The night visit was carried out with certain acts of violence, applied against Valery's elder son Dmitry. As a result of the raid was confiscated copying machine and printed production.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2003/02/17/levon |title=Night Raid on Valery Levonevsky's Apartment |access-date=2009-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305205913/http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2003/02/17/levon |archive-date=2012-03-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


In April [[2003]], he was arrested while delivering a petition from market traders to the parliament and subsequently sentenced to 15 days' imprisonment for taking part in the "March for a Better Life" on 12 March.
In April 2003, he was arrested while delivering a petition from market traders to the parliament and subsequently sentenced to 15 days' imprisonment for taking part in the "March for a Better Life" on 12 March.


On 19 September [[2004]] Levaneuski’s son detained at market in [[Lida]] for distributing news bulletin.<ref>[http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2004/09/20/levon Levonevsky’s son detained at market in Lida for distributing leaflets, news bulletin]</ref>
On 19 September 2004, Levaneuski's son detained at market in [[Lida]] for distributing news bulletin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2004/09/20/levon |title=Levonevsky's son detained at market in Lida for distributing leaflets, news bulletin |access-date=2009-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090605133819/http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2004/09/20/levon |archive-date=2009-06-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


==Criminal case==
==Criminal case==


On the threshold of [[May 1, 2004]] there were leaflets distributed in Grodno that invites citizens to participate in an approved [[Political rally|rally]] on May, 1st. Leaflets also contained the following text <ref name="nn1" /> <ref>[http://www.zoneby.net/material/other39.htm Leaflet that served as a grounds for initiation of criminal case #04065250036]</ref>:
On the threshold of 1 May 2004, there were leaflets distributed in Grodno that invited citizens to participate in an approved [[Political rally|rally]] on 1 May. Leaflets also contained the following text:<ref name="nn1" /><ref>[http://www.zoneby.net/material/other39.htm Leaflet that served as a grounds for initiation of criminal case #04065250036]</ref>


{{quote|''"come and say that you are against 'somebody' going on holiday skiing in Austria and having a good time at your cost"''}}
{{blockquote|come and say that you are against 'somebody' going on holiday skiing in Austria and having a good time at your cost}}


Because it was well known that President of Belarus, [[Alexander Lukashenko]] was spending his vacation in Austria, prosecutor’s office of Belarus has later considered it as a public insult of the President.
Because it was well known that President of Belarus, [[Alexander Lukashenko]] was spending his vacation in Austria, prosecutor's office of Belarus has later considered it as a public insult of the President.


May 1, 2004 Levaneuski was going to participate in a demonstration in Grodno that was approved by government, but in the morning he was detained upon leaving his home. [[Police]] officials delivered him to local police department, removed his money and passport and placed him into the temporary detention facility. Same morning Levaneuski’s children were also detained, but they were released from police department several hours later <ref>[http://www.afn.by/news/i/44073 Valery Levaneuski is arrested] - text in Russian</ref>.
1 May 2004 Levaneuski was going to participate in a demonstration in Grodno that was approved by government, but in the morning he was detained upon leaving his home. [[Police]] officials delivered him to local police department, removed his money and passport and placed him into the temporary detention facility. Same morning Levaneuski's children were also detained, but they were released from police department several hours later.<ref>[http://www.afn.by/news/i/44073 Valery Levaneuski is arrested] - text in Russian</ref>


On [[May 3, 2004]] Valery Levaneuski was convicted to 15-day arrest. In violation of law, he was judged not in a court house, but in the cell of the temporary detention facility <ref name="mk1">[http://kp.by/daily/23272.5/135992/ Poet Tchukovsky is hunted in Grodno – Newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda in Belarus”] - text in Russian</ref>.
On 3 May 2004 Valery Levaneuski was convicted to 15-day arrest. In violation of law, he was judged not in a court house, but in the cell of the temporary detention facility.<ref name="mk1">[https://www.kp.ru/daily/23272.5/135992/ Poet Tchukovsky is hunted in Grodno – Newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda in Belarus”] - text in Russian</ref>


On May 3, 2004 [[Uladzimir Levaneuski]], son of Valery Levaneuski was convicted for 13-day arrest for active participation in the 1st May [[protest action]].
On 3 May 2004 Uladzimir Levaneuski, son of Valery Levaneuski was convicted for 13-day arrest for active participation in the 1 May [[protest action]].


On [[May 7, 2004]] officials of [[KGB|State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus]] and [[OMON]] ([[SWAT]]) team had broken the entrance door and entered Valery Levaneuski’s apartment. Search had lasted for six hours. All of the computers were seized along with many documents and valuables <ref name="mk1" /> <ref>[http://www.levonevski.net/data/text289.htm KGB and SWAT officers stormed into Valery Levaneuski’s apartment (photo)] - text in Russian</ref> <ref>[http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2004/05/10/photos Photo report from Levaneuski’s apartment search] - text in Russian</ref>. Officials of the KGB forced Levaneuski’s underaged daughter to testify against her father <ref>[http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2004/05/10/hrodna Total “elimination” in Grodno] - text in Russian</ref>. On that day and during the next few days officials from the KGB had conducted searches at Levaneuski’s relatives’ houses and in the offices of non-profit organizations that might have been part of “Insult of President” case.
On 7 May 2004 officials of [[KGB|State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus]] and [[OMON]] ([[SWAT]]) team had broken the entrance door and entered Valery Levaneuski's apartment. Search had lasted for six hours. All of the computers were seized along with many documents and valuables.<ref name="mk1" /><ref>[http://www.levonevski.net/data/text289.htm KGB and SWAT officers stormed into Valery Levaneuski’s apartment (photo)] - text in Russian</ref><ref>[http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2004/05/10/photos Photo report from Levaneuski’s apartment search] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124125331/http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2004/05/10/photos |date=2011-11-24 }} - text in Russian</ref> Officials of the KGB forced Levaneuski's underaged daughter to testify against her father.<ref>[http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2004/05/10/hrodna Total “elimination” in Grodno] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124131515/http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2004/05/10/hrodna |date=2011-11-24 }} - text in Russian</ref> On that day and during the next few days officials from the KGB had conducted searches at Levaneuski's relatives’ houses and in the offices of non-profit organizations that might have been part of “Insult of President” case.


On [[May 14, 2004]], one day before expiration of 15-days of arrest, Levaneuski’s detention term was increased for three days.
On 14 May 2004, one day before expiration of 15-days of arrest, Levaneuski's detention term was increased for three days.


On [[May 18, 2004]] Levaneuski was indicted in accordance with part 2, article 368 of Criminal code of Belarus: “Public insult of the President of the Repiblic of Belarus, conducted by a person, previously convicted for contempt or defamation, or as an incident to accusation in committal of grave or especially grave offence”. Valery was moved from temporary detention facility into the pro-trial detention center for 2 months <ref>[http://www.svaboda.org/content/article/782745.html Detention term for Levandeuski – 2 months in pre-trial detention center – Radio Freedom] - text in Belarusian</ref>.
On 18 May 2004 Levaneuski was indicted in accordance with part 2, article 368 of Criminal code of Belarus: “Public insult of the President of the Republic of Belarus, conducted by a person, previously convicted for contempt or defamation, or as an incident to accusation in committal of grave or especially grave offence”. Valery was moved from temporary detention facility into the pro-trial detention center for 2 months.<ref>[http://www.svaboda.org/content/article/782745.html Detention term for Levandeuski – 2 months in pre-trial detention center – Radio Freedom] - text in Belarusian</ref>


[[June 4, 2004]], for the first time since his arrest on May 1, 2004, Valery Levaneuski was allowed to meet with his wife in pro-trial detention center <ref>[http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2004/06/04/levon Valery Levandeuski allowed to see his wife for the first time]</ref>.
4 June 2004, for the first time since his arrest on May 1, 2004, Valery Levaneuski was allowed to meet with his wife in pro-trial detention center.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2004/06/04/levon |title=Valery Levandeuski allowed to see his wife for the first time |access-date=2011-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402202751/http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2004/06/04/levon |archive-date=2012-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


On [[July 12, 2004]] Levaneuski’s arrest was extended for another month <ref>[http://www.svaboda.org/content/article/784042.html Valery Levaneuski will be detained until July 15] - text in Belarusian</ref>.
On 12 July 2004 Levaneuski's arrest was extended for another month.<ref>[http://www.svaboda.org/content/article/784042.html Valery Levaneuski will be detained until July 15] - text in Belarusian</ref>


On [[July 21, 2004]] Levaneuski’s wife addressed President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko with complaints regarding conditions of her husband’s detention in pro-trial detention center <ref>[http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2004/07/21/levonevski Marina Levaneuskaya: “Stop the execution of my husband!”] - text in Russian</ref>.
On 21 July 2004 Levaneuski's wife addressed President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko with complaints regarding conditions of her husband's detention in pro-trial detention center.<ref>[http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2004/07/21/levonevski Marina Levaneuskaya: “Stop the execution of my husband!”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124131213/http://www.charter97.org/rus/news/2004/07/21/levonevski |date=2011-11-24 }} - text in Russian</ref>


On July 21, 2004 criminal case under article 342 of the Criminal code of Belarus “Organization of non-authorized rally”, which provides for arrest for up to 3 years, was filed against his son [[Uladzimir|Uladzimir Levaneuski]] <ref>[http://www.svaboda.org/content/article/784344.html New criminal case initiated in Grodno against Valery Levaneuski, his son and Vasiliev family – Radio Freedom] - text in Belarusian</ref>.
On 21 July 2004 criminal case under article 342 of the Criminal code of Belarus “Organization of non-authorized rally”, which provides for arrest for up to 3 years, was filed against his son [[Uladzimir|Uladzimir Levaneuski]].<ref>[http://www.svaboda.org/content/article/784344.html New criminal case initiated in Grodno against Valery Levaneuski, his son and Vasiliev family – Radio Freedom] - text in Belarusian</ref>


[[July 21, 2004]] Valery Levaneuski has declare a [[hunger strike]] in pre-trial detention center <ref>[http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2004/07/23/levon Valery Levonevsky started hunger-strike]</ref>
21 July 2004 Valery Levaneuski declared a [[hunger strike]] in pre-trial detention center <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2004/07/23/levon |title=Valery Levonevsky started hunger-strike |access-date=2011-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402202804/http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2004/07/23/levon |archive-date=2012-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


[[July 27, 2004]] Levaneuski suspend the hunger strike <ref>[http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2004/07/28/levon Valery Levaneuski stopped hunger-strike]</ref>.
27 July 2004 Levaneuski suspend the hunger strike.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2004/07/28/levon |title=Valery Levaneuski stopped hunger-strike |access-date=2011-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402202811/http://www.charter97.org/eng/news/2004/07/28/levon |archive-date=2012-04-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


On [[July 28, 2004]] Valery Levaneuski and his son were freed from the charges under article 342 of Criminal code of Belarus Republic (“Organization of non-authorized rally”) <ref>[http://www.svaboda.org/content/article/784580.html Levaneuski are no more accused in organization of non-authorized rally] - text in Belarusian</ref>.
On 28 July 2004 Valery Levaneuski and his son were freed from the charges under article 342 of Criminal code of Belarus Republic (“Organization of non-authorized rally”).<ref>[http://www.svaboda.org/content/article/784580.html Levaneuski are no more accused in organization of non-authorized rally] - text in Belarusian</ref>


On [[August 1, 2004]] famous Russian rock musicians [[Sergey Shnurov]] (band “[[Leningrad|Leningrad (band)]]”) and [[Alexander Vasiliev|Alexander Vasilyev (musician)]] (band “[[Splean]]”) have held a brief for Levaneuski <ref>[http://www.drugieberega.com/2004/8/action Russian musicians join Amnesty International in support of the prisoners of conscience in Belarus] - text in Russian</ref>.
On 1 August 2004 famous Russian rock musicians [[Sergey Shnurov]] (band “[[Leningrad|Leningrad (band)]]”) and [[Alexander Vasilyev (musician)|Alexander Vasiliev]] (band “[[Splean]]”) have held a brief for Levaneuski.<ref>[http://www.drugieberega.com/2004/8/action Russian musicians join Amnesty International in support of the prisoners of conscience in Belarus] - text in Russian</ref>


On [[August 16, 2004]] court has extended Levaneuski’ term of arrest for another month <ref>[http://dossier.bymedia.net/index.php?option=com_apressdb&view=publications&layout=entry&id=34864 Valery Levaneuski had his detention prolonged once again – Information company BelaPAN] - text in Russian</ref>.
On 16 August 2004 court has extended Levaneuski’ term of arrest for another month.<ref>[http://dossier.bymedia.net/index.php?option=com_apressdb&view=publications&layout=entry&id=34864 Valery Levaneuski had his detention prolonged once again – Information company BelaPAN] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007161938/http://dossier.bymedia.net/index.php?option=com_apressdb&view=publications&layout=entry&id=34864 |date=2011-10-07 }} - text in Russian</ref>


On [[September 7, 2004]] court of Leninsky District of the city of Grodno had found Valery Levaneuski guilty in public insult of the President of Belarus Republic coupled to accusation in committal of grave offence, and based on part 2, article 368 of the Criminal code of Belarus Republic sentenced him to two years of confinement with serving the sentence in a general regime penal colony [28]. The judge decreed that a leaflet, which Levaneuski had distributed prior to demonstrations on 1 May 2004, contains a public insult to the President (since [[Alexander Lukashenko]] is known to have spent his holidays in Austria).
On 7 September 2004, court of Leninsky District of the city of Grodno had found Valery Levaneuski guilty in public insult of the President of Belarus Republic coupled to accusation in committal of grave offence, and based on part 2, article 368 of the Criminal code of Belarus Republic sentenced him to two years of confinement with serving the sentence in a general regime penal colony [28]. The judge decreed that a leaflet, which Levaneuski had distributed prior to demonstrations on 1 May 2004, contains a public insult to the President (since [[Alexander Lukashenko]] is known to have spent his holidays in Austria).


On 16 September [[2004]] [[European Parliament]] calls on the Belarus authorities to release immediately Valery Levaneuski and all other imprisoned political opponents of the regime.<ref>[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/autres/p6_ta-prov(2004)0011_en.pdf European Parliament resolution on the situation in Belarus]</ref>
On 16 September 2004, [[European Parliament]] calls on the Belarus authorities to release immediately Valery Levaneuski and all other imprisoned political opponents of the regime.<ref>[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/autres/p6_ta-prov(2004)0011_en.pdf European Parliament resolution on the situation in Belarus]</ref>


On 2 June 2005 [[State Department]] calls on Belarus authorities to release Valery Levaneuski and all other political prisoners <ref>[http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-russian/2005/June/200506060735181CJsamohT9.418887e-02.html Conviction of Belarus Opposition Figures "Outrageous," Says U.S]</ref>
On 2 June 2005, [[State Department]] calls on Belarus authorities to release Valery Levaneuski and all other political prisoners <ref>[http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-russian/2005/June/200506060735181CJsamohT9.418887e-02.html Conviction of Belarus Opposition Figures "Outrageous," Says U.S]</ref>


==Family==
==Family==
Married, four children.
Levanéuski is married, with four children.


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
Line 126: Line 128:
* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article511058.ece Iron man of Minsk keeps tyranny alive] - Sunday Times
* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article511058.ece Iron man of Minsk keeps tyranny alive] - Sunday Times


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Levaneuski, Valery
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1963-08-15
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Hrodna]], [[Byelorussian SSR]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Levaneuski, Valery}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Levaneuski, Valery}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Belarus]]
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[[Category:Belarusian activists]]
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[[Category:Belarusian businesspeople]]
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[[Category:Belarusian dissidents]]
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[[Category:Belarusian prisoners and detainees]]
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[[Category:Human rights abuses in Belarus]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Grodno]]
[[Category:People from Grodno]]
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[[Category:Prisoners and detainees of Belarus]]
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[[Category:Belarusian prisoners and detainees]]
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[[Category:Belarusian businesspeople]]
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[[Category:Belarusian politicians]]
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[[Category:Belarusian activists]]
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[[Category:Human rights in Belarus]]

[[ar:فاليري ليفونيفسكي]]
[[be:Валеры Леванеўскі]]
[[cs:Valerij Levoněvskij]]
[[de:Walery Lewaneuski]]
[[es:Valeri Levonevski]]
[[fr:Valeri Levaneuski]]
[[pl:Walery Lewoniewski]]
[[ru:Левоневский, Валерий Станиславович]]
[[uk:Левоневський Валерій Станіславович]]
[[zh:瓦列里·斯塔尼斯拉沃维奇·列沃涅夫斯基]]

Revision as of 19:41, 1 July 2024

Valery Levaneuski
Валерий Левоневский
Valery Levaneuski
Born (1963-08-15) 15 August 1963 (age 61)
Grodno, Byelorussian SSR, USSR
Occupation(s)entrepreneur, opposition leader, president of the National Strike Committee
Websitehttp://levonevsky.org

Valery Stanislavovich Levaneuski (Russian: Вале́рий Станисла́вович Левоне́вский, Belarusian: Вале́ры Станісла́вавіч Леване́ўскі, Template:Lang-pl) is a Belarusian political and social activist, and former political prisoner. Amnesty International recognizes him as a prisoner of conscience.[1]

Biography

Valery Levaneuski was born on 15 August 1963 in Grodno in a large family.

In 1979, candidate for master of sports boxing.

In 1980 began working career with work as a fitter in mechanical workshops.

From 1980 to 1982 served in the Soviet Armed Forces. Expert of Soviet and Bulgarian Army.

1985–1991 – adjuster of radio electronics, mechanic of control and measuring devices and apparatus, engineer in various Grodno enterprises.

In 1991 registered as an entrepreneur. Directed Grodno regional union for protection of taxpayers’, consumers’ and drivers’ rights, Grodno information and legal center, and Grodno consumer protection center.

Since 1996, Valery Levaneuski has been under close scrutiny by the authorities and subjected to searches, confiscation of property and questioning over various charges.

Since 1996, he leads the strike committee (so-called Stachkom) of entrepreneurs of the Republic of Belarus. He organized numerous mass protests of entrepreneurs in the Republic of Belarus that resulted in him being fined, arrested and prosecuted. He is a founder and chief editor of “The Employer” Republican bulletin.[2] On numerous occasions he participated in elections as a parliamentary candidate for municipal and regional legislative bodies. Every time his registration of a candidate was denied for political reasons.[3][4]

In 2001, he ran for President of the Belarus Republic.[5] He broke the slate [6][7] because of the change of legislation during the elections (Decree #20 from year 2001 [8]).

In 2002, the strike committee led by Levaneuski organized a strike of 120,000 small traders calling for President Lukashenko to be ousted and blaming him personally for the suppression of small businesses in Belarus.[1]

In February 2003, Levaneuski was denied registration as candidate for Deputy.[9]

From 15 May 2004 to 15 May 2006 - served sentence of imprisonment in a colony, with confiscation of property, under art. 368, part 2 of the Criminal Code (insult to the President of the Republic of Belarus). Fully served a two-year prison sentence and was released on 15 May 2006.

2004-2006 – served sentence in form of confinement at general regime penal colony with confiscation of property in accordance with part 2, article 368 of Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus (contempt of the President of the Belarus Republic). Valery Levaunevski could not be released on conditional discharge or on amnesty. While serving his sentence in penal colonies he was penalized in form of placing into disciplinary cell, denial of relatives' visits, and also tortures, threat of homicide from administration of correctional facility. All of it was for the central purpose: for him to sign the public waiver of his political activity. Valery was denied of the qualified medical assistance and medical supervision during the entire term of his imprisonment. He was not allowed to appeal sanctions of prison administration in court.

Valery Levaneuski has served his entire 2-year sentence, “done” his time “from start to finish” in various prisons and colonies,[1] including:

2010 – release of a documentary “In Government’s Hindsight” [10] dedicated to the development of strike movement of entrepreneurs in Belarus. Valery Levaneuski, main character of the film, tells about importance and dangers of having a business in Belarus. Film was a winner of the 15th All-Polish documental watch BAZAR in Poznań.

Arrests and searches

On 8 July 2001, Levaneuski and three members of his initiative group were detained by the police while collecting voters' signatures on a parking lot near the road police station on outskirts of Lida.[11]

29 August 2002 - Two juvenile sons of Valery Levaneuski were arrested in Mogilev while distributing a bulletin titled "Predprinimatel" ("The Entrepreneur") among vendors at a local outdoor market.[12]

On 11 October 2002, Valery Levaneuski was arrested in Grodno and charged with violation of Art. 167, par. 1 ("participation in mass actions violating public order") of the Belarusian Administrative Offenses Code for holding an authorized rally in protest against recent tax increases and insurance fees for small business owners.[13]

Overnight on 15–16 February 2003, the law-enforcers raided the Grodno house of Valery Levaneuski. The raid commenced at 10.20p.m. and ended at 00.15a.m. Valery has just returned from Minsk. The night visit was carried out with certain acts of violence, applied against Valery's elder son Dmitry. As a result of the raid was confiscated copying machine and printed production.[14]

In April 2003, he was arrested while delivering a petition from market traders to the parliament and subsequently sentenced to 15 days' imprisonment for taking part in the "March for a Better Life" on 12 March.

On 19 September 2004, Levaneuski's son detained at market in Lida for distributing news bulletin.[15]

Criminal case

On the threshold of 1 May 2004, there were leaflets distributed in Grodno that invited citizens to participate in an approved rally on 1 May. Leaflets also contained the following text:[1][16]

come and say that you are against 'somebody' going on holiday skiing in Austria and having a good time at your cost

Because it was well known that President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko was spending his vacation in Austria, prosecutor's office of Belarus has later considered it as a public insult of the President.

1 May 2004 Levaneuski was going to participate in a demonstration in Grodno that was approved by government, but in the morning he was detained upon leaving his home. Police officials delivered him to local police department, removed his money and passport and placed him into the temporary detention facility. Same morning Levaneuski's children were also detained, but they were released from police department several hours later.[17]

On 3 May 2004 Valery Levaneuski was convicted to 15-day arrest. In violation of law, he was judged not in a court house, but in the cell of the temporary detention facility.[18]

On 3 May 2004 Uladzimir Levaneuski, son of Valery Levaneuski was convicted for 13-day arrest for active participation in the 1 May protest action.

On 7 May 2004 officials of State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus and OMON (SWAT) team had broken the entrance door and entered Valery Levaneuski's apartment. Search had lasted for six hours. All of the computers were seized along with many documents and valuables.[18][19][20] Officials of the KGB forced Levaneuski's underaged daughter to testify against her father.[21] On that day and during the next few days officials from the KGB had conducted searches at Levaneuski's relatives’ houses and in the offices of non-profit organizations that might have been part of “Insult of President” case.

On 14 May 2004, one day before expiration of 15-days of arrest, Levaneuski's detention term was increased for three days.

On 18 May 2004 Levaneuski was indicted in accordance with part 2, article 368 of Criminal code of Belarus: “Public insult of the President of the Republic of Belarus, conducted by a person, previously convicted for contempt or defamation, or as an incident to accusation in committal of grave or especially grave offence”. Valery was moved from temporary detention facility into the pro-trial detention center for 2 months.[22]

4 June 2004, for the first time since his arrest on May 1, 2004, Valery Levaneuski was allowed to meet with his wife in pro-trial detention center.[23]

On 12 July 2004 Levaneuski's arrest was extended for another month.[24]

On 21 July 2004 Levaneuski's wife addressed President of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko with complaints regarding conditions of her husband's detention in pro-trial detention center.[25]

On 21 July 2004 criminal case under article 342 of the Criminal code of Belarus “Organization of non-authorized rally”, which provides for arrest for up to 3 years, was filed against his son Uladzimir Levaneuski.[26]

21 July 2004 Valery Levaneuski declared a hunger strike in pre-trial detention center [27]

27 July 2004 Levaneuski suspend the hunger strike.[28]

On 28 July 2004 Valery Levaneuski and his son were freed from the charges under article 342 of Criminal code of Belarus Republic (“Organization of non-authorized rally”).[29]

On 1 August 2004 famous Russian rock musicians Sergey Shnurov (band “Leningrad (band)”) and Alexander Vasiliev (band “Splean”) have held a brief for Levaneuski.[30]

On 16 August 2004 court has extended Levaneuski’ term of arrest for another month.[31]

On 7 September 2004, court of Leninsky District of the city of Grodno had found Valery Levaneuski guilty in public insult of the President of Belarus Republic coupled to accusation in committal of grave offence, and based on part 2, article 368 of the Criminal code of Belarus Republic sentenced him to two years of confinement with serving the sentence in a general regime penal colony [28]. The judge decreed that a leaflet, which Levaneuski had distributed prior to demonstrations on 1 May 2004, contains a public insult to the President (since Alexander Lukashenko is known to have spent his holidays in Austria).

On 16 September 2004, European Parliament calls on the Belarus authorities to release immediately Valery Levaneuski and all other imprisoned political opponents of the regime.[32]

On 2 June 2005, State Department calls on Belarus authorities to release Valery Levaneuski and all other political prisoners [33]

Family

Levanéuski is married, with four children.

References

  1. ^ a b c d Valerii Levonevskii and Aleksander Vasiliev were imprisoned for publishing a poem
  2. ^ ""The Employer" bulletin (Internet-version)". Archived from the original on 2011-08-14. Retrieved 2011-07-20.
  3. ^ Valery Levaneuski is denied registration as a parliamentary candidate Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine - text in Russian
  4. ^ Commission of the Northern elective division of Grodno denied registration of the advocacy group for Valery Levaneuski - text in Russian
  5. ^ 25 people compete for Belarusian Presidency[permanent dead link] - text in Russian
  6. ^ Stachkom representative Valery Levaneuski quits pre-elective run – Information company BelaPAN - text in Russian
  7. ^ Nineteen thousand signatures were gathered in support for potential candidate for President, Valery Levaneuski – Information company BelaPAN[permanent dead link] - text in Russian
  8. ^ Decree of the President of the Republic of Belarus dated June 26, 2001 #20
  9. ^ "Valery Levonevsky Denied Registration As Candidate for Deputy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
  10. ^ Film: Valery Levaneuski – In Government’s Hindsight (video)
  11. ^ CANDIDATE DETAINED BY POLICE FOR COLLECTING SIGNATURES
  12. ^ MARKET VENDORS PROTEST TAX RISES, INSURANCE FEES
  13. ^ STRIKE LEADER CHARGED WITH STAGING UNAUTHORIZED RALLY Archived 2010-12-21 at the Wayback Machine - International League of Human Rights
  14. ^ "Night Raid on Valery Levonevsky's Apartment". Archived from the original on 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
  15. ^ "Levonevsky's son detained at market in Lida for distributing leaflets, news bulletin". Archived from the original on 2009-06-05. Retrieved 2009-12-09.
  16. ^ Leaflet that served as a grounds for initiation of criminal case #04065250036
  17. ^ Valery Levaneuski is arrested - text in Russian
  18. ^ a b Poet Tchukovsky is hunted in Grodno – Newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda in Belarus” - text in Russian
  19. ^ KGB and SWAT officers stormed into Valery Levaneuski’s apartment (photo) - text in Russian
  20. ^ Photo report from Levaneuski’s apartment search Archived 2011-11-24 at the Wayback Machine - text in Russian
  21. ^ Total “elimination” in Grodno Archived 2011-11-24 at the Wayback Machine - text in Russian
  22. ^ Detention term for Levandeuski – 2 months in pre-trial detention center – Radio Freedom - text in Belarusian
  23. ^ "Valery Levandeuski allowed to see his wife for the first time". Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2011-07-20.
  24. ^ Valery Levaneuski will be detained until July 15 - text in Belarusian
  25. ^ Marina Levaneuskaya: “Stop the execution of my husband!” Archived 2011-11-24 at the Wayback Machine - text in Russian
  26. ^ New criminal case initiated in Grodno against Valery Levaneuski, his son and Vasiliev family – Radio Freedom - text in Belarusian
  27. ^ "Valery Levonevsky started hunger-strike". Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2011-07-20.
  28. ^ "Valery Levaneuski stopped hunger-strike". Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2011-07-20.
  29. ^ Levaneuski are no more accused in organization of non-authorized rally - text in Belarusian
  30. ^ Russian musicians join Amnesty International in support of the prisoners of conscience in Belarus - text in Russian
  31. ^ Valery Levaneuski had his detention prolonged once again – Information company BelaPAN Archived 2011-10-07 at the Wayback Machine - text in Russian
  32. ^ European Parliament resolution on the situation in Belarus
  33. ^ Conviction of Belarus Opposition Figures "Outrageous," Says U.S
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