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{{Short description|Stock exchange in the People's Republic of China}}
{{Short description|Stock exchange in China}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2008}}
{{More citations needed|date=August 2008}}
{{Infobox exchange
{{Infobox exchange
|name = Shenzhen Stock Exchange
|name = Shenzhen Stock Exchange
|module =
|module =
{{Chinese|child=yes|t=深圳證券交易所|s=深圳证券交易所|p=Shēnzhèn Zhèngquàn Jiāoyìsuǒ|j=sam<sup>1</sup> zan<sup>3</sup> zing<sup>3</sup> hyun<sup>3</sup> gaau<sup>1</sup> jik<sup>6</sup> so<sup>2</sup>|c2=深交所|p2=Shēn Jiāosuǒ|j2=sam<sup>1</sup> gaau<sup>1</sup> so<sup>2</sup>|order=st}}
{{Infobox Chinese|child=yes|t=深圳證券交易所|s=深圳证券交易所|p=Shēnzhèn Zhèngquàn Jiāoyìsuǒ|j=sam<sup>1</sup> zan<sup>3</sup> zing<sup>3</sup> hyun<sup>3</sup> gaau<sup>1</sup> jik<sup>6</sup> so<sup>2</sup>|c2=深交所|p2=Shēn Jiāosuǒ|j2=sam<sup>1</sup> gaau<sup>1</sup> so<sup>2</sup>|order=st}}
|logo = [[File:SZSE logo.png|220px]]
|logo = [[File:SZSE logo.png|220px]]
|image = [[File:Shenzhen Stock Exchange 2014.jpg|220px]]
|image = [[File:Shenzhen Stock Exchange 2014.jpg|220px]]
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|country = China
|country = China
|coor = {{coord|22.54426|N|114.04883|E|format=dms|region:CN|display=inline,title}}
|coor = {{coord|22.54426|N|114.04883|E|format=dms|region:CN|display=inline,title}}
|founded = 1987 (unofficially) <ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEBmHuHCETYC&q=shenzhen+stock+market+1988&pg=PA11|title=The Evolution of the Stock Market in China's Transitional Economy|first1=Jianxun|last1=Chen|first2=Huici|last2=Shi|date=1 January 2002|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=9781782542605|access-date=27 January 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref> <br> 1 December 1990 (formally)<br>3 July 1991 (opened)
|founded = 1987 (unofficially) <ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yEBmHuHCETYC&q=shenzhen+stock+market+1988&pg=PA11|title=The Evolution of the Stock Market in China's Transitional Economy|first1=Jianxun|last1=Chen|first2=Huici|last2=Shi|date=1 January 2002|publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing|isbn=9781782542605|access-date=27 January 2017|via=Google Books}}</ref> <br /> 1 December 1990 (formally)<br />3 July 1991 (opened)
|owner =
|owner =
|key_people = Wu Lijun ([[Chair (official)|Chairman]])<br>Wang Jianjun ([[President (corporate title)|President]] and [[CEO]])
|key_people = Wu Lijun ([[Chair (official)|Chairman]])<br />Wang Jianjun ([[President (corporate title)|President]] and [[CEO]])
|commodity =
|commodity =
|currency = [[Renminbi|CNY]]
|currency = [[Renminbi|CNY]]
|listings = 2,375 (Jan 2021)
|listings = 2,375 (Jan 2021)
|mcap = US$5.24 trillion (Jan 2021)<ref>[https://www.tradinghours.com/markets/szse]</ref>
|mcap = US$5.24 trillion (Jan 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tradinghours.com/markets/szse|title=Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) &#124; TradingHours.com|website=www.tradinghours.com}}</ref>
|indexes = {{ubl|[[SZSE 100 Index|SZSE 100]] (blue chip)|[[SZSE 200 Index|SZSE 200]]|[[SZSE 300 Index|SZSE 300]]|[[SZSE Component Index|SZSE Component]] (major index)|[[SZSE 700 Index|SZSE 700]]|[[SZSE 1000 Index|SZSE 1000]]|[[SZSE Composite Index|SZSE Composite]]}}
|indexes = {{ubl|[[SZSE 100 Index|SZSE 100]] (blue chip)|[[SZSE 200 Index|SZSE 200]]|[[SZSE 300 Index|SZSE 300]]|[[SZSE Component Index|SZSE Component]] (major index)|[[SZSE 700 Index|SZSE 700]]|[[SZSE 1000 Index|SZSE 1000]]|[[SZSE Composite Index|SZSE Composite]]}}
|homepage = [https://www.szse.cn/English/index.html szse.cn]
|homepage = [https://www.szse.cn/English/index.html szse.cn]
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[[File:Shenzhen walk 02.JPG|thumb|Former site of Shenzhen Stock Exchange]]
[[File:Shenzhen walk 02.JPG|thumb|Former site of Shenzhen Stock Exchange]]
[[File:深圳证交所股市开市钟 3462.jpg|thumb|150px|On November 22nd, 1990, the first transaction bell of Chinese security market rang. This is the opening bell of the stock market.]]
[[File:深圳证交所股市开市钟 3462.jpg|thumb|150px|On November 22nd, 1990, the first transaction bell of Chinese security market rang. This is the opening bell of the stock market.]]
The '''Shenzhen Stock Exchange''' ('''SZSE'''; {{zh|s=深圳证券交易所}}) is a [[stock exchange]] based in the city of [[Shenzhen]], in the People's Republic of China. It is one of three stock exchanges operating independently in [[Mainland China]], the others being the [[Beijing Stock Exchange]] and the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]]. It is situated in the [[Futian]] district of Shenzhen.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Shenzhen Stock Exchange s|url=http://www.szse.cn/main/en/AboutSZSE/ContactUs/|website=www.shenzhen-stock.exchange|publisher=Shenzhen Stock Exchange|access-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> With a [[market capitalization]] of its listed companies around US$2.504 trillion in 2019, it is the [[List of stock exchanges|7th largest stock exchange]] in the world, and 4th largest in [[East Asia]] and [[Asia]].
The '''Shenzhen Stock Exchange''' ('''SZSE'''; {{zh|s=深圳证券交易所}}) is a [[stock exchange]] based in the city of [[Shenzhen]], in the People's Republic of China. It is one of three stock exchanges operating independently in [[Mainland China]], the others being the [[Beijing Stock Exchange]] and the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]]. It is situated in the [[Futian]] district of Shenzhen.<ref name="auto">{{cite web|title=Shenzhen Stock Exchange s|url=http://www.szse.cn/main/en/AboutSZSE/ContactUs/|website=www.shenzhen-stock.exchange|publisher=Shenzhen Stock Exchange|access-date=3 March 2016}}</ref>


== History ==
== History ==


On December 1, 1990, Shenzhen Stock Exchange was founded.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Overview|url=http://www.szse.cn/English/about/overview/index.html|website=Shenzhen Stock Exchange|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> In January 1992, [[Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour]] saved China's [[capital market]] and the two stock exchanges (the other is [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]]).<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Walter|first=Carl E.|date=2014|title=Was Deng Xiaoping Right? An Overview of China's Equity Markets|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jacf.12075|journal=Journal of Applied Corporate Finance|language=en|volume=26|issue=3|pages=8–19|doi=10.1111/jacf.12075|doi-broken-date=28 February 2022|issn=1745-6622}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web|title=邓小平南巡讲话：奠定中国证券市场发展的春天_中国改革论坛网|url=http://www.chinareform.org.cn/special/2013/reform35/Process/201312/t20131218_183690.htm|website=www.chinareform.org.cn|access-date=2020-05-02}}</ref> In July 1997, the [[State council of china|State Council of China]] decided that the Shenzhen Stock Exchange would be directly managed by the [[China Securities Regulatory Commission]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=国务院办公厅关于将上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所划归中国证监会直接管理的通知|url=http://www.gov.cn/xxgk/pub/govpublic/mrlm/201011/t20101113_62651.html|website=www.gov.cn|language=zh|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CHINA SECURITIES REGULATORY COMMISSION - Shenzhen Branch|url=http://www.csrc.gov.cn/pub/csrc_en/about/organ/Regionaloffices/200811/t20081122_95883.html|website=www.csrc.gov.cn|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> In May 2004, the SME Board was launched.<ref name=":0" /> In October 2009, the ChiNext market ({{zh|s=创业板}}) was inaugurated.<ref name=":0" />
On 1 December 1990, Shenzhen Stock Exchange was founded.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Overview|url=http://www.szse.cn/English/about/overview/index.html|website=Shenzhen Stock Exchange|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> In January 1992, [[Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour]] saved China's [[capital market]] and the two stock exchanges (the other was the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange]]).<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Walter|first=Carl E.|date=2014|title=Was Deng Xiaoping Right? An Overview of China's Equity Markets|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jacf.12075|journal=Journal of Applied Corporate Finance|language=en|volume=26|issue=3|pages=8–19|doi=10.1111/jacf.12075|s2cid=153763863|issn=1745-6622}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web|title=邓小平南巡讲话：奠定中国证券市场发展的春天_中国改革论坛网|url=http://www.chinareform.org.cn/special/2013/reform35/Process/201312/t20131218_183690.htm|website=www.chinareform.org.cn|access-date=2020-05-02|archive-date=2020-06-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200623054444/http://www.chinareform.org.cn/special/2013/reform35/Process/201312/t20131218_183690.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> Before 1997, the Shenzhen Stock Exchange was under municipal control and termed an "experimental point".<ref name=":42">{{Cite book |last=Heilmann |first=Sebastian |title=Red Swan: How Unorthodox Policy-Making Facilitated China's Rise |date=2018 |publisher=[[The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press]] |isbn=978-962-996-827-4 |doi=10.2307/j.ctv2n7q6b |jstor=j.ctv2n7q6b |author-link=Sebastian Heilmann}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=102–103}}


In July 1997, the [[State council of china|State Council of China]] decided that the Shenzhen Stock Exchange would be directly managed by the [[China Securities Regulatory Commission]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=国务院办公厅关于将上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所划归中国证监会直接管理的通知|url=http://www.gov.cn/xxgk/pub/govpublic/mrlm/201011/t20101113_62651.html|website=www.gov.cn|language=zh|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CHINA SECURITIES REGULATORY COMMISSION - Shenzhen Branch|url=http://www.csrc.gov.cn/pub/csrc_en/about/organ/Regionaloffices/200811/t20081122_95883.html|website=www.csrc.gov.cn|access-date=2020-05-03}}</ref> It also affirmed that China's stock exchanges had a legitimate role in the [[socialist market economy]].<ref name=":42" />{{Rp|page=102}}
==State-owned companies==

Many of the companies within this market are subsidiaries of companies in which the Chinese government maintains controlling interest.
In May 2004, the SME Board was launched.<ref name=":0" /> In October 2009, the ChiNext market ({{zh|s=创业板}}) was inaugurated.<ref name=":0" />


==Hours==
==Hours==
The exchange has pre-market sessions from 09:15am to 09:25am and normal trading sessions from 09:30am to 12:30pm and 1:00pm to 3:00pm [[China Standard Time]] ([[UTC+08:00]]) on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shenzhen-stock.exchange/aboutsse/trading/|title=Shenzhen Stock Exchange|access-date=27 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shenzhen-stock.exchange/RulesandRegulations/SZSERules/GeneralRules/9304.shtml/|title=深圳证券交易所|access-date=27 January 2017}}</ref>
The exchange has pre-market sessions from 09:15&nbsp;am to 09:25&nbsp;am and normal trading sessions from 09:30&nbsp;am to 11:30&nbsp;am and 1:00&nbsp;pm to 3:00&nbsp;pm [[China Standard Time]] ([[UTC+08:00]]) on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shenzhen-stock.exchange/aboutsse/trading/|title=Shenzhen Stock Exchange|access-date=27 January 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shenzhen-stock.exchange/RulesandRegulations/SZSERules/GeneralRules/9304.shtml/|title=深圳证券交易所|access-date=27 January 2017}}</ref>


==ChiNext==
==ChiNext==
The exchange opened the [[ChiNext]] board ({{zh|s=创业板}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.szse.cn/main/en/ChiNext/aboutchinext/|title=Shenzhen Stock Exchange|access-date=27 January 2017}}</ref>
The exchange opened the [[ChiNext]] board ({{zh|s=创业板}}),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.szse.cn/main/en/ChiNext/aboutchinext/|title=Shenzhen Stock Exchange|access-date=27 January 2017}}</ref>
a [[NASDAQ]]-type exchange for high-growth, high-tech start-ups, on October 23, 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shenzhen-stock.exchange}}</ref>
a [[NASDAQ]]-type exchange for high-growth, high-tech start-ups, on 23 October 2009.<ref>{{cite web |title=Shenzhen Stock Exchange |url=http://www.shenzhen-stock.exchange/ |access-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808173421/https://shenzhen-stock.exchange/ |archive-date=8 August 2020 |language=en, zh}}</ref>

=== Overview ===
ChiNext is also called the second stock trading market. It refers to the securities trading market outside the [[Shanghai Stock Exchange|main board]]. It provides growth space for small and medium-sized enterprises and emerging companies that cannot be listed in the main board. It is an effective supplement to the main board market.<ref>{{Cite web |title=什么是创业板市场_cctv.com提供 |url=http://news.cctv.com/china/20080117/106128.shtml |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=news.cctv.com}}</ref> The biggest feature of the ChiNext is that it has low entry barriers and strict operation requirements, which help potential small and medium-sized enterprises obtain financing opportunities.

'''History'''

The establishment of the ChiNext was a response to the growing demand for alternative financing options for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China. Prior to its creation, many SMEs had difficulty raising capital as they did not meet the strict listing requirements of China's established stock exchanges in Shanghai and Shenzhen.

The ChiNext was launched with 28 listed companies and quickly gained attention from investors as a platform for investing in high-growth industries such as technology, healthcare, and renewable energy. Over time, the number of listed companies on the ChiNext has grown, and as of 2021, there are over 800 companies listed on the exchange.

In the years since its establishment, the ChiNext has undergone several reforms aimed at improving transparency, promoting more sustainable growth, and reducing risks associated with speculative trading. For example, in 2016, the exchange introduced a new registration-based IPO system, which simplified the listing process for new companies.

=== Influences ===
The influences of ChiNext includes boosting innovation and entrepreneurship and attracting foreign investment. Specifically, ChiNext has played a key role in promoting innovation and entrepreneurship in China by providing a platform for smaller and innovative companies to raise capital and grow their businesses. This has led to the development of startups and technology companies in China.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Nicholson |first=Chris V. |date=2009-10-30 |title=China Opens Nasdaq-Like Exchange in Shenzhen |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2009/10/30/china-opens-nasdaq-like-exchange-in-shenzhen/ |access-date=2023-02-23 |website=DealBook |language=en}}</ref>


==Market data==
==Market data==
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==Listings==
==Listings==
{{Main|List of companies listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange}}
{{Main|List of companies listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange}}

=== Major listing requirements ===
The listing requirements for the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) are established by the China Securities Regulatory Commission and are designed to ensure the quality of companies listed on the exchange. The major listing requirements for the SZSE include:

# Minimum size requirements: Companies seeking to list on the SZSE must have a certain level of size, as measured by net assets or revenue.<ref>{{cite web |title=深交所发行上市条件 |url=https://www.szse.cn/ipo/guide/requirements/index.html |website=www.szse.cn |access-date=23 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329163555/http://www.szse.cn/ipo/guide/requirements/index.html |archive-date=March 29, 2023 |language=zh |url-status=live}}</ref>
# Financial performance: Companies must demonstrate a strong financial performance, with a track record of profitability and positive cash flow. Specifically, one of the following requirements must be met: 1.The estimated market value is not less than 1 billion yuan, the net profit in the most recent year is positive, and the operating income is not less than 100 million yuan; 2. The estimated market value is not less than 5 billion yuan, and the operating income in the most recent year is not less than 300 million yuan.<ref>[https://docs.static.szse.cn/www/ipo/guide/rule/W020210930683744218424.pdf 深圳证券交易所股票发行与承销业务指南] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213192156/https://docs.static.szse.cn/www/ipo/guide/rule/W020210930683744218424.pdf|date=2023-02-13}}</ref>
# Corporate governance: Companies must demonstrate a commitment to good corporate governance, with a clear and transparent management structure. Specifically, the issuer's basic accounting practice is proper and its preparation and disclosure of the financial statements is in compliance with the ''Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises'' and relevant information disclosure rules, and fairly reflects in all material respects its financial position, the results of operations and cash flows, and its financial report has been issued an unqualified opinion by a [[Certified Public Accountant|CPA]] in the last three years.
# Disclosure and transparency: Companies must provide full and timely disclosure of financial and other information, and must comply with all regulatory reporting requirements.


==Building==
==Building==
The Shenzhen Stock Exchange building is a [[skyscraper]] with a height of {{convert|245.8|m|ft}} and 49 floors. Its construction started in 2008 and was finished in 2013.The building was designed by [[Rem Koolhaas]]'s firm, the [[Office for Metropolitan Architecture]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/shenzhen-stock-exchange/1144|title= Shenzhen Stock Exchange|access-date= November 21, 2014|work= The Skyscraper Center|publisher= [[Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat]]}}</ref> The building is located at 2012 Shennan Blvd., [[Futian]] District.<ref name="auto"/> With an area of 200,000 square metres, five high speed elevators and a futuristic design, the partners involved in the design and construction of this sky scraper included Rem Koolhaas, David Gianotten, Ellen van Loon and Shohei Shigematsu <ref>{{cite web|title=Shenzhen Stock Exchange Project|url=http://oma.eu/projects/shenzhen-stock-exchange|website=oma.eu/projects/shenzhen-stock-exchange|publisher=OMA EU Projects|access-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shenzhen stock exchange building|url=http://www.nleworks.com/case/shenzhen-stock-exchange-headquarters/|website=www.nleworks.com|publisher=NLE works|access-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> and construction by The Second Construction Co., Ltd of China Construction Third Engineering Bureau, a subsidiary of China State Construction Engineering Corporation.
The Shenzhen Stock Exchange building is a [[skyscraper]] with a height of {{convert|245.8|m|ft}} and 49 floors. Its construction started in 2008 and was finished in 2013. The building was designed by [[Rem Koolhaas]]'s firm, the [[Office for Metropolitan Architecture]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/shenzhen-stock-exchange/1144|title= Shenzhen Stock Exchange|access-date= November 21, 2014|work= The Skyscraper Center|publisher= [[Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat]]}}</ref> The building is located at 2012 Shennan Blvd., [[Futian]] District.<ref name="auto"/> With an area of 200,000 square metres, five high speed elevators and a futuristic design, the partners involved in the design and construction of this sky scraper included Rem Koolhaas, David Gianotten, Ellen van Loon and Shohei Shigematsu<ref>{{cite web|title=Shenzhen Stock Exchange Project|url=http://oma.eu/projects/shenzhen-stock-exchange|website=oma.eu/projects/shenzhen-stock-exchange|publisher=OMA EU Projects|access-date=3 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shenzhen stock exchange building|url=http://www.nleworks.com/case/shenzhen-stock-exchange-headquarters/|website=www.nleworks.com|publisher=NLE works|access-date=3 March 2016}}</ref> and construction by The Second Construction Co., Ltd of China Construction Third Engineering Bureau, a subsidiary of China State Construction Engineering Corporation.


==See also==
==See also==
Line 89: Line 113:
[[Category:Chinese companies established in 2013]]
[[Category:Chinese companies established in 2013]]
[[Category:Chinese companies established in 1990]]
[[Category:Chinese companies established in 1990]]
[[Category:1990 in Shenzhen]]

Latest revision as of 05:58, 28 June 2024

Shenzhen Stock Exchange
深圳证券交易所
TypeStock exchange
LocationShenzhen, China
Coordinates22°32′39″N 114°02′56″E / 22.54426°N 114.04883°E / 22.54426; 114.04883
Founded1987 (unofficially) [1]
1 December 1990 (formally)
3 July 1991 (opened)
Key peopleWu Lijun (Chairman)
Wang Jianjun (President and CEO)
CurrencyCNY
No. of listings2,375 (Jan 2021)
Market capUS$5.24 trillion (Jan 2021)[2]
Indices
Websiteszse.cn
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese深圳证券交易所
Traditional Chinese深圳證券交易所
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinShēnzhèn Zhèngquàn Jiāoyìsuǒ
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingsam1 zan3 zing3 hyun3 gaau1 jik6 so2
Alternative Chinese name
Chinese深交所
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinShēn Jiāosuǒ
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingsam1 gaau1 so2
Shenzhen Stock Exchange (inner view)
Sculpture in front of Shenzhen Stock Exchange
Former site of Shenzhen Stock Exchange
On November 22nd, 1990, the first transaction bell of Chinese security market rang. This is the opening bell of the stock market.

The Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE; Chinese: 深圳证券交易所) is a stock exchange based in the city of Shenzhen, in the People's Republic of China. It is one of three stock exchanges operating independently in Mainland China, the others being the Beijing Stock Exchange and the Shanghai Stock Exchange. It is situated in the Futian district of Shenzhen.[3]

History

[edit]

On 1 December 1990, Shenzhen Stock Exchange was founded.[4] In January 1992, Deng Xiaoping's Southern Tour saved China's capital market and the two stock exchanges (the other was the Shanghai Stock Exchange).[5][6] Before 1997, the Shenzhen Stock Exchange was under municipal control and termed an "experimental point".[7]: 102–103 

In July 1997, the State Council of China decided that the Shenzhen Stock Exchange would be directly managed by the China Securities Regulatory Commission.[8][9] It also affirmed that China's stock exchanges had a legitimate role in the socialist market economy.[7]: 102 

In May 2004, the SME Board was launched.[4] In October 2009, the ChiNext market (Chinese: 创业板) was inaugurated.[4]

Hours

[edit]

The exchange has pre-market sessions from 09:15 am to 09:25 am and normal trading sessions from 09:30 am to 11:30 am and 1:00 pm to 3:00 pm China Standard Time (UTC+08:00) on all days of the week except Saturdays, Sundays and holidays declared by the Exchange in advance.[10][11]

ChiNext

[edit]

The exchange opened the ChiNext board (Chinese: 创业板),[12] a NASDAQ-type exchange for high-growth, high-tech start-ups, on 23 October 2009.[13]

Overview

[edit]

ChiNext is also called the second stock trading market. It refers to the securities trading market outside the main board. It provides growth space for small and medium-sized enterprises and emerging companies that cannot be listed in the main board. It is an effective supplement to the main board market.[14] The biggest feature of the ChiNext is that it has low entry barriers and strict operation requirements, which help potential small and medium-sized enterprises obtain financing opportunities.

History

The establishment of the ChiNext was a response to the growing demand for alternative financing options for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in China. Prior to its creation, many SMEs had difficulty raising capital as they did not meet the strict listing requirements of China's established stock exchanges in Shanghai and Shenzhen.

The ChiNext was launched with 28 listed companies and quickly gained attention from investors as a platform for investing in high-growth industries such as technology, healthcare, and renewable energy. Over time, the number of listed companies on the ChiNext has grown, and as of 2021, there are over 800 companies listed on the exchange.

In the years since its establishment, the ChiNext has undergone several reforms aimed at improving transparency, promoting more sustainable growth, and reducing risks associated with speculative trading. For example, in 2016, the exchange introduced a new registration-based IPO system, which simplified the listing process for new companies.

Influences

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The influences of ChiNext includes boosting innovation and entrepreneurship and attracting foreign investment. Specifically, ChiNext has played a key role in promoting innovation and entrepreneurship in China by providing a platform for smaller and innovative companies to raise capital and grow their businesses. This has led to the development of startups and technology companies in China.[15]

Market data

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(As of January 2021)[16]

Listings

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Main article: List of companies listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange

Major listing requirements

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The listing requirements for the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) are established by the China Securities Regulatory Commission and are designed to ensure the quality of companies listed on the exchange. The major listing requirements for the SZSE include:

  1. Minimum size requirements: Companies seeking to list on the SZSE must have a certain level of size, as measured by net assets or revenue.[17]
  2. Financial performance: Companies must demonstrate a strong financial performance, with a track record of profitability and positive cash flow. Specifically, one of the following requirements must be met: 1.The estimated market value is not less than 1 billion yuan, the net profit in the most recent year is positive, and the operating income is not less than 100 million yuan; 2. The estimated market value is not less than 5 billion yuan, and the operating income in the most recent year is not less than 300 million yuan.[18]
  3. Corporate governance: Companies must demonstrate a commitment to good corporate governance, with a clear and transparent management structure. Specifically, the issuer's basic accounting practice is proper and its preparation and disclosure of the financial statements is in compliance with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises and relevant information disclosure rules, and fairly reflects in all material respects its financial position, the results of operations and cash flows, and its financial report has been issued an unqualified opinion by a CPA in the last three years.
  4. Disclosure and transparency: Companies must provide full and timely disclosure of financial and other information, and must comply with all regulatory reporting requirements.

Building

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The Shenzhen Stock Exchange building is a skyscraper with a height of 245.8 metres (806 ft) and 49 floors. Its construction started in 2008 and was finished in 2013. The building was designed by Rem Koolhaas's firm, the Office for Metropolitan Architecture.[19] The building is located at 2012 Shennan Blvd., Futian District.[3] With an area of 200,000 square metres, five high speed elevators and a futuristic design, the partners involved in the design and construction of this sky scraper included Rem Koolhaas, David Gianotten, Ellen van Loon and Shohei Shigematsu[20][21] and construction by The Second Construction Co., Ltd of China Construction Third Engineering Bureau, a subsidiary of China State Construction Engineering Corporation.

See also

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Lists

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References

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  1. ^ Chen, Jianxun; Shi, Huici (1 January 2002). The Evolution of the Stock Market in China's Transitional Economy. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 9781782542605. Retrieved 27 January 2017 – via Google Books.
  2. ^ "Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) | TradingHours.com". www.tradinghours.com.
  3. ^ a b "Shenzhen Stock Exchange s". www.shenzhen-stock.exchange. Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  4. ^ a b c "Overview". Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  5. ^ Walter, Carl E. (2014). "Was Deng Xiaoping Right? An Overview of China's Equity Markets". Journal of Applied Corporate Finance. 26 (3): 8–19. doi:10.1111/jacf.12075. ISSN 1745-6622. S2CID 153763863.
  6. ^ "邓小平南巡讲话：奠定中国证券市场发展的春天_中国改革论坛网". www.chinareform.org.cn. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 2 May 2020.
  7. ^ a b Heilmann, Sebastian (2018). Red Swan: How Unorthodox Policy-Making Facilitated China's Rise. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctv2n7q6b. ISBN 978-962-996-827-4. JSTOR j.ctv2n7q6b.
  8. ^ "国务院办公厅关于将上海证券交易所和深圳证券交易所划归中国证监会直接管理的通知". www.gov.cn (in Chinese). Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  9. ^ "CHINA SECURITIES REGULATORY COMMISSION - Shenzhen Branch". www.csrc.gov.cn. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  10. ^ "Shenzhen Stock Exchange". Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  11. ^ "深圳证券交易所". Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  12. ^ "Shenzhen Stock Exchange". Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  13. ^ "Shenzhen Stock Exchange" (in English and Chinese). Archived from the original on 8 August 2020. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  14. ^ "什么是创业板市场_cctv.com提供". news.cctv.com. Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  15. ^ Nicholson, Chris V. (30 October 2009). "China Opens Nasdaq-Like Exchange in Shenzhen". DealBook. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  16. ^ Shenzhen Stock Exchange Market Overview
  17. ^ "深交所发行上市条件". www.szse.cn (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  18. ^ 深圳证券交易所股票发行与承销业务指南 Archived 2023-02-13 at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ "Shenzhen Stock Exchange". The Skyscraper Center. Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
  20. ^ "Shenzhen Stock Exchange Project". oma.eu/projects/shenzhen-stock-exchange. OMA EU Projects. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
  21. ^ "Shenzhen stock exchange building". www.nleworks.com. NLE works. Retrieved 3 March 2016.
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