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{{Short description|Chinese encyclopedia compiled between 977 and 983}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{italic title}}
{{italic title}}
{{Chinese
[[Image:Imperial Readings.jpg|thumb|upright|''Taiping Yulan'']]
|title=''Taiping Yulan''
|pic=Imperial Readings.jpg |picsize=200px
|t=《太平御覽》 |p=《Tàipíng Yùlǎn》 |w=''T‘ai-p‘ing Yü-lan'' |j=Taai3 ping4 Jyu6 laam5 |s=《太平御览》 |l=''[[Emperor of China|Imperial]] Reader of the [[Emperor Taizong of Song|Era of Great Peace]]''
}}


The '''''Taiping Yulan''''' ({{zh|t=太平御覽|p=Tàipíng Yùlǎn}}), sometimes translated as the ''Imperial Readings of the Taiping Era'', is a massive ''[[leishu]]'' encyclopedia compiled by a number of officers commissioned by the imperial court of the [[Song dynasty]] with the lead editor being [[Li Fang (Song dynasty)|Li Fang]] from 977 to 983 during the era of Taiping Xingguo. It is divided into 1,000 volumes and 55 sections, which consisted of about 4.7 millions [[Chinese characters]]. It included citations from about 2,579 different kinds of documents spanning from books, poetry, ode, proverbs, steles to miscellaneous works. After the compilation, the [[Emperor Taizong of Song]] is said to have finished reading the book within a year with 3 volumes per day. It is considered one of the [[Four Great Books of Song]].
The '''''Taiping Yulan''''', translated as the '''''Imperial Reader''''' or '''''Readings of the [[Emperor Taizong of Song|Taiping Era]]''''', is a massive Chinese ''[[leishu]]'' [[Chinese encyclopedia|encyclopedia]] compiled by a team of scholars from 977 to 983. It was commissioned by the imperial court of the [[Song dynasty|Song]] [[list of Chinese dynasties|dynasty]] during the first [[Chinese era names|era]] of the reign of [[Emperor Taizong of Song|Emperor Taizong]]. It is divided into 1,000 volumes and 55 sections, which consisted of about 4.7 million [[Chinese characters]]. It included citations from about 2,579 different kinds of [[documents]] spanning from books, poetry, [[ode]]s, [[proverbs]], [[steles]] to miscellaneous works. After its completion, the [[Emperor Taizong of Song|Emperor Taizong]] is said to have finished reading it within a year, going through 3 volumes per day. It is considered one of the ''[[Four Great Books of Song]]''.

The team who compiled the Taiping Yulan includes: Tang Yue (湯悅), Zhang Wei (張洎), Xu Xuan (徐鉉), Song Bai (宋白), Xu Yongbin (徐用賓), Chen E (陳鄂), Wu Shu (吳淑), Shu Ya (舒雅), Lü Wenzhong (吕文仲), Ruan Sidao (阮思道), Hu Meng (扈蒙), Li Fang (李昉), and others.

It is one of the sources used by [[Ming dynasty|Ming]] and [[Qing dynasty|Qing]] scholars to reconstruct the lost ''[[Record of the Seasons of Jingchu]]''.<ref>{{citation |last=Theobald |first=Ulrich |date=2010 |title=China Knowledge |url=http://www.chinaknowledge.de |contribution=Jing-Chu Suishi Ji |contribution-url=http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Science/jingchusuishiji.html |location=Tübingen }}.</ref>

== Significant Manuscripts ==
One such copy of the Taiping Yulan is held at [[Tōfuku-ji]] in [[Kyoto]], Japan. In 1244, [[Enni]] was approved by the Song government to bring back 103 volumes of the encyclopedia, and later on, an additional 10 volumes were brought in for circulation amongst Japanese monks. The 103 volumes are now classified as a [[National Treasure (Japan)|National Treasure.]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tofuku-ji Exhibit Items List |url=https://tofukuji2023.jp/image/list_en_tokyo.pdf?230302 |access-date=March 9, 2023 |website=Tofuku-ji 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Chengjun |first=Qian |title=A RESEARCH REVIEW OF CHINESE BOOKS EXCHANGED BETWEEN ANCIENT CHINA, JAPAN AND KOREA AND ITS INFLUENCE |date=2010-03-26 |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783598441790.226/html?lang=en |pages=226–241 |access-date=2023-03-09 |publisher=K. G. Saur |language=en |doi=10.1515/9783598441790.226 |isbn=978-3-598-44179-0|doi-access=free }}</ref>

In 2024, a grant from the [[Agency for Cultural Affairs]] and the [[Yomiuri Shimbun]] will help conserve and restore the Tōfuku-ji encyclopedia, which is the only 1000 volume version to survive from the Song Dynasty.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-06 |title=Passing down Japan’s artistic treasures: TSUMUGU’s repair grant for fiscal 2024 |url=https://tsumugu.yomiuri.co.jp/en/feature/tsumugu-repair-grant-fiscal-2024-nt/ |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=紡ぐプロジェクト |language=en}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
===Citations===
⚫
*{{cite book|title=Das Kompilationsprojekt Song Taizongs (reg. 976-997)|author=Kurz, Johannes L.|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2003|issn=0172-3375}}
{{reflist|30em}}

===Bibliography===
⚫
*{{cite journal|title=Das Kompilationsprojekt Song Taizongs (reg. 976–997)|author=Kurz, Johannes L.|journal=Monographies Études Asiatiques Suisses|publisher=Peter Lang|year=2003|issn=0172-3375}}
*{{cite journal
*{{cite journal
|last =Kurz,
|last =Kurz
|first =Johannes L.
|first =Johannes L.
|title =The Compilation and Publication of the Taiping Yulan and the Cefu Yuangui
|title =The Compilation and Publication of the ''Taiping Yulan'' and the ''Cefu Yuangui''
|journal =Extrême-Orient, Extrême-Occident
|journal =Extrême-Orient, Extrême-Occident
|volume =1
|volume =1
|issue = H-S
|issue = H-S
|pages =39-76
|pages =39–76
|publisher =
|location =
|date =2007
|date =2007
|language =
|url = http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/oroc_0754-5010_2007_hos_1_1_1069|jstor = |issn =
|doi = 10.3406/oroc.2007.1069
|doi = 10.3406/oroc.2007.1069
|accessdate = }} in Florence Bretelle-Establet and Karine Chemla (eds.), Qu'est-ce qu'écrire une encyclopédie en Chine?. Extreme Orient-Extreme Occident Hors série (2007), 39-76.
}} in Florence Bretelle-Establet and [[Karine Chemla]] (eds.), Qu'est-ce qu'écrire une encyclopédie en Chine?. Extreme Orient-Extreme Occident Hors série (2007), 39–76.
⚫
* [[Endymion Wilkinson]]. ''[[Chinese History: A New Manual]].'' (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, 2012; {{ISBN|978-0-674-06715-8}}), pp.&nbsp;651–652.

⚫
* [[Endymion Wilkinson]]. ''[[Chinese History: A New Manual]].'' (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, 2012; ISBN 978-0-674-06715-8), pp.&nbsp;651-652.


[[Category:Chinese prose texts]]
[[Category:Chinese prose texts]]
[[Category:Chinese encyclopedias]]
[[Category:Chinese encyclopedias]]
[[Category:Chinese literature]]
[[Category:Chinese literature]]
[[Category:980s books]]
[[Category:10th-century Chinese books]]
[[Category:Song dynasty literature]]
[[Category:Song dynasty literature]]
[[Category:Diplomatics]]
[[Category:Leishu]]
[[Category:10th century in China]]




Latest revision as of 02:38, 25 June 2024

Taiping Yulan
Traditional Chinese《太平御覽》
Simplified Chinese《太平御览》
Literal meaningImperial Reader of the Era of Great Peace
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin《Tàipíng Yùlǎn》
Wade–GilesT‘ai-p‘ing Yü-lan
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingTaai3 ping4 Jyu6 laam5

The Taiping Yulan, translated as the Imperial Reader or Readings of the Taiping Era, is a massive Chinese leishu encyclopedia compiled by a team of scholars from 977 to 983. It was commissioned by the imperial court of the Song dynasty during the first era of the reign of Emperor Taizong. It is divided into 1,000 volumes and 55 sections, which consisted of about 4.7 million Chinese characters. It included citations from about 2,579 different kinds of documents spanning from books, poetry, odes, proverbs, steles to miscellaneous works. After its completion, the Emperor Taizong is said to have finished reading it within a year, going through 3 volumes per day. It is considered one of the Four Great Books of Song.

The team who compiled the Taiping Yulan includes: Tang Yue (湯悅), Zhang Wei (張洎), Xu Xuan (徐鉉), Song Bai (宋白), Xu Yongbin (徐用賓), Chen E (陳鄂), Wu Shu (吳淑), Shu Ya (舒雅), Lü Wenzhong (吕文仲), Ruan Sidao (阮思道), Hu Meng (扈蒙), Li Fang (李昉), and others.

It is one of the sources used by Ming and Qing scholars to reconstruct the lost Record of the Seasons of Jingchu.[1]

Significant Manuscripts

[edit]

One such copy of the Taiping Yulan is held at Tōfuku-ji in Kyoto, Japan. In 1244, Enni was approved by the Song government to bring back 103 volumes of the encyclopedia, and later on, an additional 10 volumes were brought in for circulation amongst Japanese monks. The 103 volumes are now classified as a National Treasure.[2][3]

In 2024, a grant from the Agency for Cultural Affairs and the Yomiuri Shimbun will help conserve and restore the Tōfuku-ji encyclopedia, which is the only 1000 volume version to survive from the Song Dynasty.[4]

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ Theobald, Ulrich (2010), "Jing-Chu Suishi Ji", China Knowledge, Tübingen{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link).
  2. ^ "Tofuku-ji Exhibit Items List" (PDF). Tofuku-ji 2023. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
  3. ^ Chengjun, Qian (26 March 2010), A RESEARCH REVIEW OF CHINESE BOOKS EXCHANGED BETWEEN ANCIENT CHINA, JAPAN AND KOREA AND ITS INFLUENCE, K. G. Saur, pp. 226–241, doi:10.1515/9783598441790.226, ISBN 978-3-598-44179-0, retrieved 9 March 2023
  4. ^ "Passing down Japan's artistic treasures: TSUMUGU's repair grant for fiscal 2024". 紡ぐプロジェクト. 6 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Kurz, Johannes L. (2003). "Das Kompilationsprojekt Song Taizongs (reg. 976–997)". Monographies Études Asiatiques Suisses. Peter Lang. ISSN 0172-3375.
  • Kurz, Johannes L. (2007). "The Compilation and Publication of the Taiping Yulan and the Cefu Yuangui". Extrême-Orient, Extrême-Occident. 1 (H–S): 39–76. doi:10.3406/oroc.2007.1069. in Florence Bretelle-Establet and Karine Chemla (eds.), Qu'est-ce qu'écrire une encyclopédie en Chine?. Extreme Orient-Extreme Occident Hors série (2007), 39–76.
  • Endymion Wilkinson. Chinese History: A New Manual. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center, Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series, 2012; ISBN 978-0-674-06715-8), pp. 651–652.


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