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{{Short description|Class of chemical compounds}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:DO<em>x</em>}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:DO''x''}}
{{Other uses|Dox (disambiguation){{!}}Dox}}
{{Other uses|Dox (disambiguation){{!}}Dox}}
[[File:2,5-DMA.png|thumb|200px|right|[[2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine]] (2,5-DMA), the base structure of the DOx family]]
[[File:2,5-DMA.png|thumb|200px|right|[[2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine]] (2,5-DMA), the base structure of the DOx family]]
'''4-Substituted-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamines''' ('''DO''x''''') is a [[chemical class]] of [[Substitution reaction|substituted]] [[amphetamine]] [[derivative (chemistry)|derivatives]] featuring [[methoxy]] [[functional group|groups]] at the 2- and 5- positions of the [[phenyl]] [[simple aromatic ring|ring]], and a [[substituent]] such as [[alkyl]] or [[halogen]] at the 4- position of the phenyl ring.<ref name="Trachsel">{{cite book |author=Daniel Trachsel |author2=David Lehmann |author3=Christoph Enzensperger |name-list-style=amp |year=2013 |title=Phenethylamine: Von der Struktur zur Funktion |publisher=Nachtschatten Verlag AG |isbn=978-3-03788-700-4}}</ref> Most compounds of this class are [[potency (pharmacology)|potent]] and [[half-life|long-lasting]] [[psychedelic drug|psychedelic]] [[drug]]s, and act as highly [[functional selectivity|selective]] [[5-HT2A|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]], [[5-HT2B|5-HT<sub>2B</sub>]], and [[5-HT2C|5-HT<sub>2C</sub>]] [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] [[partial agonist]]s. A few bulkier derivatives such as DOAM have similarly high binding affinity for 5-HT<sub>2</sub> receptors but instead act as antagonists, and so do not produce psychedelic effects though they retain amphetamine-like stimulant effects.
'''4-Substituted-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamines''' ('''DO''x''''') is a [[chemical class]] of [[Substitution reaction|substituted]] [[amphetamine]] [[derivative (chemistry)|derivatives]] featuring [[methoxy]] [[functional group|groups]] at the 2- and 5- positions of the [[phenyl]] [[simple aromatic ring|ring]], and a [[substituent]] such as [[alkyl]] or [[halogen]] at the 4- position of the phenyl ring.<ref name="Trachsel">{{cite book |author=Daniel Trachsel |author2=David Lehmann |author3=Christoph Enzensperger |name-list-style=amp |year=2013 |title=Phenethylamine: Von der Struktur zur Funktion |publisher=Nachtschatten Verlag AG |isbn=978-3-03788-700-4}}</ref> Most compounds of this class are [[potency (pharmacology)|potent]] and [[half-life|long-lasting]] [[psychedelic drug|psychedelic]] [[drug]]s, and act as highly [[functional selectivity|selective]] [[5-HT2A|5-HT<sub>2A</sub>]], [[5-HT2B|5-HT<sub>2B</sub>]], and [[5-HT2C|5-HT<sub>2C</sub>]] [[Receptor (biochemistry)|receptor]] [[partial agonist]]s. A few bulkier derivatives such as DOAM have similarly high binding affinity for 5-HT<sub>2</sub> receptors but instead act as antagonists, and so do not produce psychedelic effects though they retain amphetamine-like stimulant effects.


==DOx derivatives==
The DO''x'' family includes the following members:
The DO''x'' family includes the following members:


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| 64638-07-9 (racemate)
| 64638-07-9 (racemate)
|-
|-
| [[File:DOBU.png|115px]]
| [[File:DOBU.svg|115px]]
| [[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-butylamphetamine]]
| [[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-butylamphetamine]]
| DOBU
| DOBU
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| 123431-31-2
| 123431-31-2
|-
|-
| [[File:MEM.png|115px]]
| [[File:MEM.svg|115px]]
| [[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethoxyamphetamine]]
| [[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethoxyamphetamine]]
| MEM
| MEM
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| DOEF
| DOEF
| 121649-01-2
| 121649-01-2
|-
| [[File:DOPF_structure.png|115px]]
| 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(3-fluoropropyl)amphetamine
| [[DOPF]]
|
|-
|-
| [[File:DOI-racemic-skeletal.svg|115px]]
| [[File:DOI-racemic-skeletal.svg|115px]]
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|-
|-
| [[File:Aleph-6.svg|115px]]
| [[File:Aleph-6.svg|115px]]
| [[Aleph (psychedelic)#Aleph-6)|2,5-Dimethoxy-4-phenylthioamphetamine]]
| [[Aleph (psychedelic)#Aleph-6|2,5-Dimethoxy-4-phenylthioamphetamine]]
| Aleph-6
| Aleph-6
| 952006-44-9
| 952006-44-9
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| [[File:DO3MeOBZ structure.png|115px]]
| [[File:DO3MeOBZ structure.png|115px]]
| 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(3-methoxybenzyl)amphetamine
| 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(3-methoxybenzyl)amphetamine
| DO3MeOBZ <ref>Hellberg M, Namil A, Feng Z, Ward J. Phenylethylamine Analogs and Their Use for Treating Glaucoma. Patent WO 2007/038372, 6 Apr 2007.</ref>
| DO3MeOBZ <ref>[https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2007038372 Hellberg M, Namil A, Feng Z, Ward J. Phenylethylamine Analogs and Their Use for Treating Glaucoma. Patent WO 2007/038372, 6 Apr 2007]</ref>
| 930836-90-1
| 930836-90-1
|-
|-
| [[File:DOTHFM_structure.png|115px]]
| [[File:DOTHFM_structure.png|115px]]
| 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-[(tetrahydropyran-2-yl)methyl]amphetamine
| 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl]amphetamine
| DOTHFM
| DOTHFM
| 930776-12-8
| 930776-12-8
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| [[File:DOCN_structure.png|115px]]
| [[File:DOCN_structure.png|115px]]
| 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-cyanoamphetamine
| 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-cyanoamphetamine
| DOCN <ref>Seggel MR, Yousif MY, Lyon RA, Titeler M, Roth BL, Suba EA, Glennon, RA. A structure-affinity study of the binding of 4-substituted analogues of 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane at 5-HT2 serotonin receptors. ''J. Med. Chem.'', 1 Mar 1990, 33(3): 1032–1036. {{doi|10.1021/jm00165a023}}</ref>
| DOCN <ref>Seggel MR, Yousif MY, Lyon RA, Titeler M, [[Bryan Roth|Roth BL]], Suba EA, Glennon, RA. A structure-affinity study of the binding of 4-substituted analogues of 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane at 5-HT2 serotonin receptors. ''J. Med. Chem.'', 1 Mar 1990, 33(3): 1032–1036. {{doi|10.1021/jm00165a023}}</ref>
| 125903-74-4
| 125903-74-4
|-
|-
| [[File:DOYN_structure.png|115px]]
| [[File:DOYN_structure.png|115px]]
| 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethynylamphetamine
| 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethynylamphetamine
| DOYN <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Trachsel D | title = Synthesis of Novel (Phenylalkyl) amines for the Investigation of Structure–Activity Relationships, Part 3: 4‐Ethynyl‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine (= 4‐Ethynyl‐2, 5‐dimethoxybenzeneethanamine; 2C‐YN). | journal = Helvetica Chimica Acta | date = August 2003 | volume = 86 | issue = 8 | pages = 2754–9 | doi = 10.1002/hlca.200390224 }}</ref>
| DOYN <ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Trachsel D | title = Synthesis of Novel (Phenylalkyl) amines for the Investigation of Structure–Activity Relationships, Part 3: 4-Ethynyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (= 4-Ethynyl-2, 5-dimethoxybenzeneethanamine; 2C-YN). | journal = Helvetica Chimica Acta | date = August 2003 | volume = 86 | issue = 8 | pages = 2754–9 | doi = 10.1002/hlca.200390224 }}</ref>
| 633290-70-7
| 633290-70-7
|-
|-
|}
|}


==Related compounds==
As well as the following members with additional substitutions:
A number of additional compounds are known with alternative substitutions:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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| 4C-D
| 4C-D
| 52842-59-8
| 52842-59-8
|-
| [[File:4C-E_structure.png|115px]]
| 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)butan-2-amine <ref>[https://patents.google.com/patent/US4034113A Shulgin AT. Treatment of senile geriatric patients to restore performance. Patent US 4034113]</ref>
| 4C-E
|
|-
| [[File:4C-P_structure.png|115px]]
| 1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n-propyl)phenyl)butan-2-amine
| 4C-P
|
|-
|-
| [[File:4C-B_structure.png|115px]]
| [[File:4C-B_structure.png|115px]]
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| 92206-37-6
| 92206-37-6
|-
|-
| [[File:DMMDA.png|115px]]
| [[File:DMMDA.svg|115px]]
| [[2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine]]
| [[2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine]]
| DMMDA
| DMMDA
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|-
|-
| [[File:DOGO_structure.png|115px]]
| [[File:DOGO_structure.png|115px]]
| 1-(5,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isochromen-7-yl)propan-2-amine
| 1-(5,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isochromen-7-yl)propan-2-amine <ref>[https://patents.google.com/patent/US7396856 Hellberg MR, Namil A. Benzopyran analogs and their use for the treatment of glaucoma. Patent US 7396856]</ref>
| G-O
| G-O
| 774538-38-4
| 774538-38-4
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| [[File:DODC_structure.png|115px]]
| [[File:DODC_structure.png|115px]]
| 2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-dichloroamphetamine
| 2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-dichloroamphetamine
| DODC
| [[DODC]]
| 1373918-65-0
| 1373918-65-0
|-
|-
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| [[2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxyamphetamine]]
| [[2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxyamphetamine]]
| 2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxyamphetamine
| 2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxyamphetamine
| 23693-26-7
|
|-
|-
| [[File:DOB-FLY_structure.png|115px]]
| [[File:DOB-FLY_structure.png|115px]]
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| DOB-DFLY
| DOB-DFLY
| 502759-67-3
| 502759-67-3
|-
| [[File:WO2021-0137908-1_structure.png|115px]]
| 3-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)azetidine
| Compound 1,<ref>[https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/a2/12/19/8424e3822cbe82/US20210137908A1.pdf Kristensen J, et al. 5-HT2A Agonists for Use in Treatment of Depression. Patent US 2021/0137908]</ref> [[ZC-B]]
|
|-
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 12:39, 24 June 2024

2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (2,5-DMA), the base structure of the DOx family

4-Substituted-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamines (DOx) is a chemical class of substituted amphetamine derivatives featuring methoxy groups at the 2- and 5- positions of the phenyl ring, and a substituent such as alkyl or halogen at the 4- position of the phenyl ring.[1] Most compounds of this class are potent and long-lasting psychedelic drugs, and act as highly selective 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor partial agonists. A few bulkier derivatives such as DOAM have similarly high binding affinity for 5-HT2 receptors but instead act as antagonists, and so do not produce psychedelic effects though they retain amphetamine-like stimulant effects.

DOx derivatives

[edit]

The DOx family includes the following members:

Structure Name Abbreviation CAS number
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-amylamphetamine DOAM 63779-90-8
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine DOB 64638-07-9 (racemate)
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-butylamphetamine DOBU 63779-89-5
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine DOC 123431-31-2
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethoxyamphetamine MEM 16128-88-4
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)amphetamine DOMOM [2] 260810-10-4
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(ethoxymethyl)amphetamine DOMOE 930836-81-0
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine DOET 22004-32-6
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylthioamphetamine Aleph-2 185562-00-9
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-fluoroamphetamine DOF 125903-69-7
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(2-fluoroethyl)amphetamine DOEF 121649-01-2
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(3-fluoropropyl)amphetamine DOPF
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine DOI 42203-78-1
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-isopropylthioamphetamine Aleph-4 123643-26-5
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine DOM 15588-95-1
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylthioamphetamine Aleph-1 61638-07-1
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-nitroamphetamine DON 67460-68-8
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-phenylthioamphetamine Aleph-6 952006-44-9
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-benzylamphetamine DOBZ [3] 125903-73-3
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(3-methoxybenzyl)amphetamine DO3MeOBZ [4] 930836-90-1
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-[(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl]amphetamine DOTHFM 930776-12-8
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-propylamphetamine DOPR 63779-88-4
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-isopropylamphetamine DOiP 42306-96-7
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-propylthioamphetamine Aleph-7 207740-16-7
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(difluoromethyl)amphetamine DODFM
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-trifluoromethylamphetamine DOTFM 159277-07-3
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amphetamine DOTFE [5]
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-cyanoamphetamine DOCN [6] 125903-74-4
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethynylamphetamine DOYN [7] 633290-70-7
[edit]

A number of additional compounds are known with alternative substitutions:

Structure Name Abbreviation CAS number
Dimoxamine ("Ariadne") 4C-D 52842-59-8
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)butan-2-amine [8] 4C-E
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n-propyl)phenyl)butan-2-amine 4C-P
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromophenyl)butan-2-amine 4C-B 69294-23-1
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chlorophenyl)butan-2-amine 4C-C 791010-74-7
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)butan-2-amine 4C-I 758631-75-3
1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)butan-2-amine 4C-N 775234-58-7
1-[2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(ethylthio)phenyl]butan-2-amine 4C-T-2 850007-13-5
Dimethoxymethamphetamine ("Beatrice") N-methyl-DOM 92206-37-6
2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine DMMDA 15183-13-8
2,5-dimethoxy-3,4-dimethylamphetamine ("Ganesha") 3-methyl-DOM 207740-37-2
2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-trimethylenylamphetamine G-3
2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-tetramethylenylamphetamine G-4
2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-norbornylamphetamine G-5
1-(5,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isochromen-7-yl)propan-2-amine [9] G-O 774538-38-4
2,5-Dimethoxy-3,4-dichloroamphetamine DODC 1373918-65-0
IDNNA IDNNA 67707-78-2
Methyl-DOB N-methyl-DOB 155638-80-5
2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxyamphetamine 2,3,4,5-Tetramethoxyamphetamine 23693-26-7
1-(4-Bromo-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-f][1]benzofuran-8-yl)propan-2-amine DOB-FLY 219986-75-1
Bromo-DragonFLY DOB-DFLY 502759-67-3
3-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)azetidine Compound 1,[10] ZC-B

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Daniel Trachsel; David Lehmann & Christoph Enzensperger (2013). Phenethylamine: Von der Struktur zur Funktion. Nachtschatten Verlag AG. ISBN 978-3-03788-700-4.
  2. ^ Harms A, Ulmer E, Kovar K. Synthesis and 5-HT2A radioligand receptor binding assays of DOMCl and DOMOM, two novel 5-HT2A receptor ligands. Arch. Pharm., 16 Jun 2003, 336(3): 155–158. doi:10.1002/ardp.200390014
  3. ^ Nelson DL, Lucaites VL, Wainscott DB, Glennon RA. Comparisons of hallucinogenic phenylisopropylamine binding affinities at cloned human 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors. N-S. Arch. Pharmacol., 1 Jan 1999, 359(1): 1–6. doi:10.1007/PL00005315
  4. ^ Hellberg M, Namil A, Feng Z, Ward J. Phenylethylamine Analogs and Their Use for Treating Glaucoma. Patent WO 2007/038372, 6 Apr 2007
  5. ^ Trachsel D. Fluorine in psychedelic phenethylamines. Drug Test. Anal., 1 Jul 2012, 4(7-8): 577-590.doi:10.1002/dta.413
  6. ^ Seggel MR, Yousif MY, Lyon RA, Titeler M, Roth BL, Suba EA, Glennon, RA. A structure-affinity study of the binding of 4-substituted analogues of 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane at 5-HT2 serotonin receptors. J. Med. Chem., 1 Mar 1990, 33(3): 1032–1036. doi:10.1021/jm00165a023
  7. ^ Trachsel D (August 2003). "Synthesis of Novel (Phenylalkyl) amines for the Investigation of Structure–Activity Relationships, Part 3: 4-Ethynyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (= 4-Ethynyl-2, 5-dimethoxybenzeneethanamine; 2C-YN)". Helvetica Chimica Acta. 86 (8): 2754–9. doi:10.1002/hlca.200390224.
  8. ^ Shulgin AT. Treatment of senile geriatric patients to restore performance. Patent US 4034113
  9. ^ Hellberg MR, Namil A. Benzopyran analogs and their use for the treatment of glaucoma. Patent US 7396856
  10. ^ Kristensen J, et al. 5-HT2A Agonists for Use in Treatment of Depression. Patent US 2021/0137908
[edit]