Great Commission: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Instruction of Jesus to his disciples to spread the gospel}} |
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{{Distinguish|Great Commandment}} |
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{{About|the biblical episode|the similarly named Little (or Lesser) Commission|Matthew 10|the modern evangelical association|Great Commission church movement|the musical group|The Great Commission (band)}} |
{{About|the biblical episode|the similarly named Little (or Lesser) Commission|Matthew 10|the modern evangelical association|Great Commission church movement|the musical group|The Great Commission (band)}} |
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{{Multiple issues| |
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{{more citations needed|date=February 2021}} |
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{{religious text primary|date=February 2021}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} |
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{{Use British English|date=February 2021}} |
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[[File:Albert Wider Priestergrab in Widnau 02.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Relief ''The Great Commission'' by Albert Wider on the priests' grave in Widnau, Switzerland]] |
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{{Gospel Jesus|expanded=Resurrection}} |
{{Gospel Jesus|expanded=Resurrection}} |
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⚫ | In [[Christianity]], the '''Great Commission''' is the instruction of the [[Resurrection appearances of Jesus|resurrected Jesus Christ]] to his [[disciple (Christianity)|disciples]] to spread [[the gospel]] to all the nations of the world. The |
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⚫ | In [[Christianity]], the '''Great Commission''' is the instruction of the [[Resurrection appearances of Jesus|resurrected Jesus Christ]] to his [[disciple (Christianity)|disciples]] to spread [[the gospel]] to all the nations of the world. The Great Commission is outlined in [[Matthew 28:16]]–[[Matthew 28:20|20]], where on a mountain in [[Galilee]] Jesus calls on his followers to make disciples of and [[baptize]] all nations in the name of the [[God the Father|Father]], the [[God the Son|Son]], and the [[Holy Spirit (Christianity)|Holy Spirit]]. |
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⚫ | The Great Commission is similar to the episodes of the [[commissioning of the Twelve Apostles]] found in the other [[Synoptic Gospels]], though with significant differences. Luke also has Jesus dispatching disciples |
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⚫ | The Great Commission is similar to the episodes of the [[commissioning of the Twelve Apostles]] found in the other [[Synoptic Gospels]], though with significant differences.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} Luke also has Jesus during his ministry dispatching disciples, including the [[seventy disciples]], sending them to all the nations and giving them power over [[demons]]. The [[dispersion of the Apostles]] in the [[Mark 16#Longer ending of Mark (verse 9-20)|traditional ending of Mark]] is thought to be a [[Christianity in the 2nd century|2nd-century]] summary based on Matthew and Luke.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} |
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⚫ | The Great Commission has become a tenet in [[Christian theology]] emphasizing [[Christian ministry|ministry]], [[Christian mission|missionary work]], [[evangelism]], and [[baptism]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} The [[Apostles in the New Testament|apostles]] are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem and founded the [[Apostolic See|apostolic see]]s,{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} such as those at [[Corinth]], [[Philippi]], [[Ephesus]], and [[Rome]] (see also [[Holy See]]). [[Preterists]] believe that the Great Commission and other [[Bible prophecy|Bible prophecies]] were fulfilled in the [[Christianity in the 1st century|1st century]] while [[Futurism (Christianity)|futurists]] believe Bible prophecy has yet to be fulfilled at the [[Second Coming]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} |
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Some researchers of the [[historical Jesus]] see the Great Commission as reflecting not Jesus' words but rather the Christian community in which each gospel was written. (See [[Jesus Seminar#Sayings of Jesus|Sayings of Jesus]].) Some scholars, such as [[John Dominic Crossan]], assert that Jesus did commission the apostles during his lifetime, as reported in the Gospels. Others, however, see even these lesser commissions as representing Christian invention rather than history. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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It is not known who coined the term ''Great Commission'', |
It is not known who coined the term ''Great Commission'', though it may have been Justinian von Welz<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castleman |first=Robbie F. |title=The Last Word: The Great Commission: Ecclesiology |journal=Themelios |volume=32 |issue=3 |page=68 |url=http://s3.amazonaws.com/tgc-documents/journal-issues/32.3_Castleman.pdf |access-date=28 October 2014 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205956/http://s3.amazonaws.com/tgc-documents/journal-issues/32.3_Castleman.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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and it was later popularized by [[Hudson Taylor]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Castleman |first=Robbie F. |title=The Last Word: The Great Commission: Ecclesiology |journal=Themelios |volume=32 |issue=3 |page=68 |url=http://s3.amazonaws.com/tgc-documents/journal-issues/32.3_Castleman.pdf |access-date=28 October 2014 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205956/http://s3.amazonaws.com/tgc-documents/journal-issues/32.3_Castleman.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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==New Testament accounts== |
==New Testament accounts== |
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{{Great Commission narrative comparison}} |
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The most familiar version of the Great Commission is depicted in {{bibleref2|Matthew|28:16–20|ESV}}, |
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{{quote|Now the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain to which Jesus had directed them. And when they saw him they worshiped him, but some doubted. And Jesus came and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”}} |
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According to [[Matthew 10]], Jesus commanded his disciples to proclaim the arrival of the kingdom of God and to "heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse lepers, and cast out demons..." [[Mark 6]] and [[Luke 9]] also record this instruction. The Great Commission is the commandment to proclaim good news - the kingdom has come and it has come with demonstration of power. Later, Paul prophesied that one of the signs of the last days would be that mention of the power of God would be silenced. He warned Timothy to not associate with those who have a form of godliness but do not speak of the power ({{bibleverse|2 Timothy|3:5|KJV}}). To the Corinthians, he said he did not come with eloquence or wisdom but with "demonstration of the power of the Spirit so that faith would rest not on human wisdom but on the power of God." ({{bibleverse|1 Corinthians|2:4|KJV}}) |
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Other versions of the Great Commission are found in {{bibleverse|Mark|16:14–18|KJV}}, {{bibleverse|Luke|24:44–49|KJV}}, {{bibleverse|Acts|1:4–8|KJV}}, and {{bibleverse|John|20:19-23|KJV}}. In Luke, Jesus tells the disciples to preach [[repentance]] and [[forgiveness]], and promises that they will have divine power. In John, Jesus says the disciples will have the Holy Spirit and the authority to forgive sins and to withhold forgiveness.<ref>See John 20:21-23 ([[John 20:21|v21]], [[John 20:22|v22]], [[John 20:23|v23]])</ref> In Acts, Jesus promises the disciples that the Holy Spirit will inspire them. All these passages are composed as words of Christ spoken after his [[resurrection]]. |
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The call to go into the world in [[Matthew 28]] is prefaced a mere four chapters earlier when Jesus states that the Gospel message will be heard by representatives of all nations, at which time [[Christian eschatology|the end will come]]. |
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==Interpretations== |
==Interpretations== |
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The commission from Jesus has been interpreted by evangelical Christians as meaning that his followers have the duty to go, make disciples, teach, and [[baptize]]. Although the command was initially given directly only to Christ's eleven [[Apostles]], evangelical [[Christian theology]] has typically interpreted the commission as a directive to all Christians of every time and place, particularly because it seems to be a restatement or moving forward of the last part of [[Covenant (biblical)#Abrahamic covenant|God's covenant with Abraham]] in {{bibleverse|Genesis|12:3|KJV}}.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} |
The commission from Jesus has been interpreted by evangelical Christians{{Which|date=February 2021}} as meaning that his followers have the duty to go, make disciples, teach, and [[baptize]]. Although the command was initially given directly only to Christ's eleven [[Apostles in the New Testament|Apostles]], evangelical [[Christian theology]] has typically interpreted the commission as a directive to all Christians of every time and place, particularly because it seems to be a restatement or moving forward of the last part of [[Covenant (biblical)#Abrahamic covenant|God's covenant with Abraham]] in {{bibleverse|Genesis|12:3|KJV}}.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}} |
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Commentators often contrast the Great Commission with the earlier Limited Commission of {{bibleverse|Matthew|10:5–42|KJV}}, in which they were to restrict their mission to their fellow [[Jew]]s, |
Commentators{{Which|date=February 2021}} often contrast the Great Commission with the earlier Limited Commission of {{bibleverse|Matthew|10:5–42|KJV}}, in which they were to restrict their mission to their fellow [[Jew]]s, whom Jesus referred to as "the lost sheep of the house of Israel". ({{bibleref2|Matthew|15:24}}){{Primary source inline|date=February 2021}} |
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Full [[Preterism|Preterists]] believe that the Great Commission was already fulfilled based on the New Testament passages "And they went out and preached everywhere" ({{bibleverse|Mark|16:20|KJV}}), "the [[gospel]] that you have heard, which was proclaimed in all creation under heaven" ({{bibleverse|Colossians|1:23|KJV}}), and "Now to Him who is able to establish you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery which has been kept secret for long ages past, but now is manifested, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the eternal God, has been made known to all the nations" ({{bibleverse|Romans|16:25–26|KJV}}). |
Full [[Preterism|Preterists]] believe{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} that the Great Commission was already fulfilled based on the New Testament passages "And they went out and preached everywhere" ({{bibleverse|Mark|16:20|KJV}}), "the [[gospel]] that you have heard, which was proclaimed in all creation under heaven" ({{bibleverse|Colossians|1:23|KJV}}), and "Now to Him who is able to establish you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery which has been kept secret for long ages past, but now is manifested, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the eternal God, has been made known to all the nations" ({{bibleverse|Romans|16:25–26|KJV}}).{{Primary source inline|date=February 2021}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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{{Commons category|Great Commission}} |
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{{Portal|Christianity}} |
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* [[Ad gentes]] |
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* [[ |
* ''[[Ad gentes]]'' |
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* [[Evangelii |
* ''[[Evangelii gaudium]]'' |
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* ''[[Evangelii nuntiandi]]'' |
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* [[Evangelism]] |
* [[Evangelism]] |
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* [[Matthew 28]]:[[Matthew 28:16|16]], [[Matthew 28:17|17]], [[Matthew 28:18|18]], [[Matthew 28:19|19]], [[Matthew 28:20|20]] |
* [[Matthew 28]]:[[Matthew 28:16|16]], [[Matthew 28:17|17]], [[Matthew 28:18|18]], [[Matthew 28:19|19]], [[Matthew 28:20|20]] |
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* [[New evangelization]] |
* [[New evangelization]] |
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* [[Overview of resurrection appearances in the Gospels and Paul]] |
* [[Overview of resurrection appearances in the Gospels and Paul]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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{{-}} |
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{{Apostles}} |
{{Apostles}} |
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{{Jesus footer}} |
{{Jesus footer}} |
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{{History of Christianity}} |
{{History of Christianity}} |
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{{Christianity footer}} |
{{Christianity footer}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:1st-century Christianity]] |
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[[Category:Christian missions]] |
[[Category:Christian missions]] |
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[[Category:1st-century Christianity]] |
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[[Category:Christian terminology]] |
[[Category:Christian terminology]] |
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[[Category:Doctrines and teachings of Jesus]] |
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[[Category:Matthew 28]] |
[[Category:Matthew 28]] |
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[[Category:Holy Spirit]] |
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[[Category:Galilee in the New Testament]] |
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[[Category:Post-resurrection appearances of Jesus]] |
Revision as of 06:36, 19 June 2024
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Life of Jesus according to the canonical gospels |
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In Christianity, the Great Commission is the instruction of the resurrected Jesus Christ to his disciples to spread the gospel to all the nations of the world. The Great Commission is outlined in Matthew 28:16–20, where on a mountain in Galilee Jesus calls on his followers to make disciples of and baptize all nations in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.
The Great Commission is similar to the episodes of the commissioning of the Twelve Apostles found in the other Synoptic Gospels, though with significant differences.[citation needed] Luke also has Jesus during his ministry dispatching disciples, including the seventy disciples, sending them to all the nations and giving them power over demons. The dispersion of the Apostles in the traditional ending of Mark is thought to be a 2nd-century summary based on Matthew and Luke.[citation needed]
The Great Commission has become a tenet in Christian theology emphasizing ministry, missionary work, evangelism, and baptism.[citation needed] The apostles are said to have dispersed from Jerusalem and founded the apostolic sees,[citation needed] such as those at Corinth, Philippi, Ephesus, and Rome (see also Holy See). Preterists believe that the Great Commission and other Bible prophecies were fulfilled in the 1st century while futurists believe Bible prophecy has yet to be fulfilled at the Second Coming.[citation needed]
History
It is not known who coined the term Great Commission, though it may have been Justinian von Welz[1] and it was later popularized by Hudson Taylor.[2]
New Testament accounts
The following comparison table is primarily based on the King James Bible (KJV) English translation of the New Testament.[3]
Matthew 28:16–20 | Mark 16:14–18 | Luke 24:44–49 | John 20:19–23 | Acts 1:4–8 |
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Interpretations
The commission from Jesus has been interpreted by evangelical Christians[which?] as meaning that his followers have the duty to go, make disciples, teach, and baptize. Although the command was initially given directly only to Christ's eleven Apostles, evangelical Christian theology has typically interpreted the commission as a directive to all Christians of every time and place, particularly because it seems to be a restatement or moving forward of the last part of God's covenant with Abraham in Genesis 12:3.[citation needed] Commentators[which?] often contrast the Great Commission with the earlier Limited Commission of Matthew 10:5–42, in which they were to restrict their mission to their fellow Jews, whom Jesus referred to as "the lost sheep of the house of Israel". (Matthew 15:24)[non-primary source needed]
Full Preterists believe[citation needed] that the Great Commission was already fulfilled based on the New Testament passages "And they went out and preached everywhere" (Mark 16:20), "the gospel that you have heard, which was proclaimed in all creation under heaven" (Colossians 1:23), and "Now to Him who is able to establish you according to my gospel and the preaching of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery which has been kept secret for long ages past, but now is manifested, and by the scriptures of the prophets, according to the commandment of the eternal God, has been made known to all the nations" (Romans 16:25–26).[non-primary source needed]
See also
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- Ad gentes
- Evangelii gaudium
- Evangelii nuntiandi
- Evangelism
- Matthew 28:16, 17, 18, 19, 20
- New evangelization
- Overview of resurrection appearances in the Gospels and Paul
- Redemptoris Missio
References
- ^ Castleman, Robbie F. "The Last Word: The Great Commission: Ecclesiology" (PDF). Themelios. 32 (3): 68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ Castleman, Robbie F. "The Last Word: The Great Commission: Ecclesiology" (PDF). Themelios. 32 (3): 68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ "Online Bible – King James Version". Biblehub.com. 2011. Retrieved 30 October 2022.