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[[File:Sanssouci Map.JPG|thumb| |
[[File:Sanssouci Map.JPG|thumb|upright=1.5|Sanssouci Park around 1900]] |
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{{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site |
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| image_upright = 1.2 |
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| caption = [[New Palace (Potsdam)|New Palace]] (in front), [[Orangery Palace]] (background, center) and [[Sanssouci]] (background right) |
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| location = [[Potsdam]], [[Brandenburg]], [[Germany]] |
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| part_of = [[Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin]] |
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| criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(i)(ii)(iv)}}(i)(ii)(iv) |
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| ID = 532ter |
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| year = 1990 |
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| extension = 1992, 1999 |
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| locmapin = Brandenburg#Germany |
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| map_caption = |
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|embedded = {{OSM Location map |
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| coord = {{Coord|52.4019737581|N|13.0335831642|E}} |
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| zoom = 13 |
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| caption = Sanssouci Park, Potsdam |
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| label = Sanssouci Park |
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| mark-coord = {{Coord|52.40197|N|13.03358|E}} |
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| label-pos = top |
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| mark-title = Sanssouci Park |
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| mark-image = |
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| mark-description = |
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}} |
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}} |
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⚫ | '''Sanssouci Park''' is a large park surrounding [[Sanssouci]] Palace in [[Potsdam]], [[Germany]], built under [[Frederick the Great]] in the mid-18th century. Following the terracing of the vineyard and the completion of the palace, the surroundings were included in the structure. A Baroque [[flower garden]] with [[lawn]]s, [[garden|flower beds]], hedges and trees was created. In the hedge quarter 3,000 fruit trees were planted. The [[greenhouses]] of the numerous [[Nursery (horticulture)|nurseries]] contained [[Orange (fruit)|oranges]], [[melon]]s, [[peach]]es and [[banana]]s. The goddesses [[Flora (mythology)|Flora]] and [[Pomona (mythology)|Pomona]], who decorate the entrance [[obelisk]] at the eastern park exit, were placed there to highlight the connection of a flower, fruit and vegetable garden. Along with the Sanssouci Palace and [[Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin|other nearby palaces and parks]], Sanssouci Park was inscribed on the [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage List]] in 1990 for its unique architectural unity and testimony to 18th and 19th century landscaping in Europe.<ref name = "unesco">{{cite web |url = https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/532 |title = Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin |website = UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher = United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization |access-date = 12 Jun 2022}}</ref> |
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==Overview== |
==Overview== |
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[[File:16.Poczdam+.jpg|thumb|Clipped hedges and clipped trees keep the [[allée]]s open]] |
[[File:16.Poczdam+.jpg|thumb|Clipped hedges and clipped trees keep the [[allée]]s open]] |
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[[File:Potsdam |
[[File:Potsdam Pumpenhaus 07-2017.jpg|thumb|right|The mosque-like Pumping Station]] |
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With the expansion of the site after the creation of more buildings, a 2.5 km long straight main avenue was built. It began in the east at the 1748 obelisk and over the years was extended all the way to the New Palace, which marks its end in the west. In 1764 the picture gallery was constructed, followed by the [[New Chambers at Sanssouci|New Chambers]] in 1774. They flank the palace and open the alley up to [[Roundel (fortification)|rondel]]s with the fountains, surrounded by marble statues. From there paths lead in a star pattern between tall hedges to further parts of the gardens. |
With the expansion of the site after the creation of more buildings, a 2.5 km long straight main avenue was built. It began in the east at the 1748 obelisk and over the years was extended all the way to the New Palace, which marks its end in the west. In 1764 the picture gallery was constructed, followed by the [[New Chambers at Sanssouci|New Chambers]] in 1774. They flank the palace and open the alley up to [[Roundel (fortification)|rondel]]s with the fountains, surrounded by marble statues. From there paths lead in a star pattern between tall hedges to further parts of the gardens. |
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In his organisation of the park, Frederick continued what he had begun in [[Neuruppin]] and [[Rheinsberg]]. |
In his organisation of the park, Frederick continued what he had begun in [[Neuruppin]] and [[Rheinsberg]]. During his stay as Crown Prince in Neuruppin, where he was commander of a regiment from 1732 to 1735, he ordered that a flower, fruit and vegetable garden be laid out in the grounds of his abode. He already deviated here from the classical organisation of baroque gardens, which concerned themselves purely with the model represented by Versailles, by combining the beautiful and the useful. He also followed this principle in Rheinsberg. Apart from the transformation of the palace, which Frederick received as a present from his father Frederick William I in 1734, he ordered the establishment of fruit and vegetable garden areas enclosed by hedges. In addition the central avenue and a larger intersecting avenue did not lead directly to the palace, as was usual in French parks of the era, but took off from the south wing and at a right angle to the building. |
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Frederick invested heavily in the fountain system of Sanssouci Park, as water features were a firm component of baroque gardens. But the [[Neptune Grotto]], finished in 1757 in the eastern part of the park, was used just as little for its intended function as the fountain facilities. Atop the Ruinenberg, roughly six hundred metres away, was a water basin from which no water could arrive into the park and because of the "fountaineers"' lack of expertise the project failed. |
Frederick invested heavily in the fountain system of Sanssouci Park, as water features were a firm component of baroque gardens. But the [[Neptune Grotto]], finished in 1757 in the eastern part of the park, was used just as little for its intended function as the fountain facilities. Atop the Ruinenberg, roughly six hundred metres away, was a water basin from which no water could arrive into the park and because of the "fountaineers"' lack of expertise the project failed. |
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It did not succeed until [[Steam engine|steam power]] was employed one hundred years later, and thus the purpose of the water reservoir was finally fulfilled.<ref>Stiftung Preussische Schlösser und Garten Berlin - Brandenburg: ''[ |
It did not succeed until [[Steam engine|steam power]] was employed one hundred years later, and thus the purpose of the water reservoir was finally fulfilled.<ref>Stiftung Preussische Schlösser und Garten Berlin - Brandenburg: ''[https://www.spsg.de/en/palaces-gardens/object/park-sanssouci/ Sanssouci Park (in English)]''</ref> In October 1842 an 81.4 [[horsepower]] steam engine built by [[August Borsig]] started working and made the water jet of the Great Fountain below the vineyard terraces rise to a height of 38 metres. A pumping station on the Havelbucht was especially built for this machine. It was commissioned by Frederick William IV and built by [[Friedrich Ludwig Persius|Ludwig Persius]] between 1841 and 1843, in the then fashionable [[Moorish Revival architecture|Moorish Revival architectural style]] to look like "a Turkish [[Mosque]] with a minaret as a chimney".{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} |
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Many years earlier, Frederick William III had acquired an area which bordered Sanssouci Park to the south and given it to his son Frederick William IV for Christmas in 1825. There [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]] and [[Ludwig Persius]] built [[Charlottenhof Palace]] on the site of a former farm house and [[Peter Joseph Lenné]] was commissioned with the garden design. With the baroque flower and fruit and vegetable gardens from the Frederician era in mind, the garden architect converted the flat and partly swampy grounds into an open landscape park. Broad meadows created visual avenues between Charlottenhof, the [[Roman Baths (Potsdam)|Roman Baths]] and the New Palace with the [[Temple of Friendship]] developed from the time of [[Frederick the Great]]. Casually placed groups of bushes and trees and a moat that was broadened into a pond at its southeastern end beautify the large park. Lenné used the materials excavated to create the pond to construct a gentle hilly area landscape where the paths meet in the shape of stars at the high points. |
Many years earlier, Frederick William III had acquired an area which bordered Sanssouci Park to the south and given it to his son Frederick William IV for Christmas in 1825. There [[Karl Friedrich Schinkel]] and [[Ludwig Persius]] built [[Charlottenhof Palace]] on the site of a former farm house and [[Peter Joseph Lenné]] was commissioned with the garden design. With the baroque flower and fruit and vegetable gardens from the Frederician era in mind, the garden architect converted the flat and partly swampy grounds into an open landscape park. Broad meadows created visual avenues between Charlottenhof, the [[Roman Baths (Potsdam)|Roman Baths]] and the New Palace with the [[Temple of Friendship]] developed from the time of [[Frederick the Great]]. Casually placed groups of bushes and trees and a moat that was broadened into a pond at its southeastern end beautify the large park. Lenné used the materials excavated to create the pond to construct a gentle hilly area landscape where the paths meet in the shape of stars at the high points. |
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<gallery> |
<gallery> |
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File:P1190390 Potsdam sans souci rwk.jpg|[[Sanssouci]] |
File:P1190390 Potsdam sans souci rwk.jpg|[[Sanssouci]] |
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File: |
File:Potsdam Sanssouci 07-2017 img4.jpg|[[New Palace (Potsdam)|New Palace]] |
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File:Chinesisches Haus Sanssouci.jpg|[[Chinese House (Potsdam)|Chinese House]] |
File:Chinesisches Haus Sanssouci.jpg|[[Chinese House (Potsdam)|Chinese House]] |
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File: |
File:Bildergalerie Sanssouci, Potsdam-7506.jpg|[[Sanssouci Picture Gallery|Picture Gallery]] |
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File:Potsdam Friedenskirche.jpg|[[Church of Peace (Sanssouci)|Church of Peace]] |
File:Potsdam Friedenskirche.jpg|[[Church of Peace (Sanssouci)|Church of Peace]] |
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File:Belvedere Klausberg Potsdam.JPG|[[Belvedere auf dem Klausberg|Belvedere]] on the Klausberg |
File:Belvedere Klausberg Potsdam.JPG|[[Belvedere auf dem Klausberg|Belvedere]] on the Klausberg |
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File:Orangerieschloss 2010.jpg|[[Orangery Palace]] |
File:Orangerieschloss 2010.jpg|[[Orangery Palace]] |
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File:Schloss Charlottenhof Sanssouci 2011 Garten.JPG|[[Charlottenhof Palace]] |
File:Schloss Charlottenhof Sanssouci 2011 Garten.JPG|[[Charlottenhof Palace]] |
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</gallery> |
</gallery> |
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== Sources == |
== Sources == |
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* Paul Sigel, Silke Dähmlow, Frank Seehausen und Lucas Elmenhorst, ''Architekturführer Potsdam - Architectural Guide'', Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN |
* Paul Sigel, Silke Dähmlow, Frank Seehausen und Lucas Elmenhorst, ''Architekturführer Potsdam - Architectural Guide'', Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2006, {{ISBN|3-496-01325-7}}. |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{ |
{{Commons category-inline|Sanssouci}} |
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*[http://www.picturechoice.org/md/sanssouci/index.html Images from Park Sanssouci] |
*[http://www.picturechoice.org/md/sanssouci/index.html Images from Park Sanssouci] |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Sanssouci Park| ]] |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery> |
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Image:Potsdam gemaeldegalerie.jpg|The south [[façade]] of the [[Sanssouci Picture Gallery]]. |
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</gallery> |
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[[Category:Parks in Germany]] |
[[Category:Parks in Germany]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Potsdam]] |
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[[Category:Prussian cultural sites]] |
[[Category:Prussian cultural sites]] |
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[[Category:Protected areas of Brandenburg]] |
[[Category:Protected areas of Brandenburg]] |
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[[Category:Geography of Potsdam]] |
[[Category:Geography of Potsdam]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:German Baroque gardens]] |
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[[Category:Frederick the Great]] |
Latest revision as of 02:17, 19 June 2024
UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
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![]() | |
Location | Potsdam, Brandenburg, Germany |
Part of | Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin |
Criteria | Cultural: (i)(ii)(iv) |
Reference | 532ter |
Inscription | 1990 (14th Session) |
Extensions | 1992, 1999 |
Coordinates | 52°24′07″N 13°02′01″E / 52.4019737581°N 13.0335831642°E |
Sanssouci Park is a large park surrounding Sanssouci Palace in Potsdam, Germany, built under Frederick the Great in the mid-18th century. Following the terracing of the vineyard and the completion of the palace, the surroundings were included in the structure. A Baroque flower garden with lawns, flower beds, hedges and trees was created. In the hedge quarter 3,000 fruit trees were planted. The greenhouses of the numerous nurseries contained oranges, melons, peaches and bananas. The goddesses Flora and Pomona, who decorate the entrance obelisk at the eastern park exit, were placed there to highlight the connection of a flower, fruit and vegetable garden. Along with the Sanssouci Palace and other nearby palaces and parks, Sanssouci Park was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1990 for its unique architectural unity and testimony to 18th and 19th century landscaping in Europe.[1]
Overview
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/16.Poczdam%2B.jpg/220px-16.Poczdam%2B.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Potsdam_Pumpenhaus_07-2017.jpg/220px-Potsdam_Pumpenhaus_07-2017.jpg)
With the expansion of the site after the creation of more buildings, a 2.5 km long straight main avenue was built. It began in the east at the 1748 obelisk and over the years was extended all the way to the New Palace, which marks its end in the west. In 1764 the picture gallery was constructed, followed by the New Chambers in 1774. They flank the palace and open the alley up to rondels with the fountains, surrounded by marble statues. From there paths lead in a star pattern between tall hedges to further parts of the gardens.
In his organisation of the park, Frederick continued what he had begun in Neuruppin and Rheinsberg. During his stay as Crown Prince in Neuruppin, where he was commander of a regiment from 1732 to 1735, he ordered that a flower, fruit and vegetable garden be laid out in the grounds of his abode. He already deviated here from the classical organisation of baroque gardens, which concerned themselves purely with the model represented by Versailles, by combining the beautiful and the useful. He also followed this principle in Rheinsberg. Apart from the transformation of the palace, which Frederick received as a present from his father Frederick William I in 1734, he ordered the establishment of fruit and vegetable garden areas enclosed by hedges. In addition the central avenue and a larger intersecting avenue did not lead directly to the palace, as was usual in French parks of the era, but took off from the south wing and at a right angle to the building.
Frederick invested heavily in the fountain system of Sanssouci Park, as water features were a firm component of baroque gardens. But the Neptune Grotto, finished in 1757 in the eastern part of the park, was used just as little for its intended function as the fountain facilities. Atop the Ruinenberg, roughly six hundred metres away, was a water basin from which no water could arrive into the park and because of the "fountaineers"' lack of expertise the project failed.
It did not succeed until steam power was employed one hundred years later, and thus the purpose of the water reservoir was finally fulfilled.[2] In October 1842 an 81.4 horsepower steam engine built by August Borsig started working and made the water jet of the Great Fountain below the vineyard terraces rise to a height of 38 metres. A pumping station on the Havelbucht was especially built for this machine. It was commissioned by Frederick William IV and built by Ludwig Persius between 1841 and 1843, in the then fashionable Moorish Revival architectural style to look like "a Turkish Mosque with a minaret as a chimney".[citation needed]
Many years earlier, Frederick William III had acquired an area which bordered Sanssouci Park to the south and given it to his son Frederick William IV for Christmas in 1825. There Karl Friedrich Schinkel and Ludwig Persius built Charlottenhof Palace on the site of a former farm house and Peter Joseph Lenné was commissioned with the garden design. With the baroque flower and fruit and vegetable gardens from the Frederician era in mind, the garden architect converted the flat and partly swampy grounds into an open landscape park. Broad meadows created visual avenues between Charlottenhof, the Roman Baths and the New Palace with the Temple of Friendship developed from the time of Frederick the Great. Casually placed groups of bushes and trees and a moat that was broadened into a pond at its southeastern end beautify the large park. Lenné used the materials excavated to create the pond to construct a gentle hilly area landscape where the paths meet in the shape of stars at the high points.
Buildings in Sanssouci Park
[edit]Built under Frederick the Great:
- Sanssouci
- Picture Gallery
- New Chambers
- Neptune Grotto
- Chinese House
- New Palace
- Temple of Friendship
- Antique Temple
- Obelisk entrance and the Obelisk
Built under Frederick William IV:
- Roman Baths
- Church of Peace with the neighbouring group of buildings
In the neighbouring area of Sanssouci:
- Ensemble of artistic ruins on the Ruinenberg
- Belvedere on the Klausberg
- Dragon House
- Orangery Palace or the New Orangery on the Klausberg
- Charlottenhof Palace
- Kaiserbahnhof at Potsdam Park Sanssouci railway station
Points of interest
[edit]- Botanischer Garten Potsdam, a botanical garden established in 1950
- Green Gate, Potsdam, the main entrance to the park
- Historic Mill of Sanssouci
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Belvedere on the Klausberg
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The Dragon House was constructed between 1770 and 1772 in the Chinoiserie style on the northern edge of Sanssouci Park.
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A trellised gazebo at Sanssouci.
Sources
[edit]- Paul Sigel, Silke Dähmlow, Frank Seehausen und Lucas Elmenhorst, Architekturführer Potsdam - Architectural Guide, Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-496-01325-7.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 12 Jun 2022.
- ^ Stiftung Preussische Schlösser und Garten Berlin - Brandenburg: Sanssouci Park (in English)
External links
[edit] Media related to Sanssouci at Wikimedia Commons