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{{Short description|1581 siege}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2017}}
{{Infobox military conflict
{{Infobox military conflict
|conflict= Siege of Niezijl
|conflict= Siege of Niezijl
|image=[[File:Gedenkpenning Niezijl.png|300px]]
|image=Gedenkpenning Niezijl.png
|image_size=300px
|caption=Commemorative coin of the Siege of Niezijl in 1581
|caption=Commemorative coin of the siege of Niezijl in 1581
|partof=the [[Eighty Years' War]] & the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585)]]
|partof=the [[Eighty Years' War]] & the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585)]]
|date=3 to 24 October 1581
|date=3 to 24 October 1581
|place=[[Niezijl]], [[Groningen (province)|Province of Groningen]]<br>(Present day [[Netherlands]])
|place=[[Niezijl]], [[Groningen (province)|Province of Groningen]]<br>(Present day [[Netherlands]])
|result=Anglo-Dutch victory<ref name=autogenerated>Nolan p. 47</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>Vázquez pg. 307-08</ref>
|result=Dutch victory<ref name=autogenerated>Nolan p. 47</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>Vázquez pg. 307-08</ref>
|combatant1={{flagicon|England}} [[Kingdom of England|England]]<br>{{flagicon|Dutch Republic}} [[Dutch Republic|United Provinces]]
|combatant1={{flagicon|England}} [[Kingdom of England|England]]<br>{{flagicon|Dutch Republic|1581}} [[Dutch Republic|United Provinces]]
|combatant2={{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Spanish Empire|Spain]]
|combatant2={{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Spanish Empire|Spain]]
|commander1={{flagicon|England}} [[John Norreys]]<br>{{flagicon|Dutch Republic}} [[William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg|William Louis]]
|commander1={{flagicon|England}} [[John Norris (soldier)|John Norreys]]<br>{{flagicon|Dutch Republic|1581}} [[William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg|William Louis]]
|commander2={{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Francisco Verdugo]]
|commander2={{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Francisco Verdugo]]
|strength1=
|strength1=
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{{Campaignbox Anglo-Spanish War}}
{{Campaignbox Anglo-Spanish War}}
}}
}}

The '''Siege of Niezijl''' was a siege of the town of [[Niezijl]] that took place between 3 and 24 October 1581 in the [[States-General of the Netherlands|Dutch States]], during the [[Eighty Years' War]] and the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)]]. The Spanish under Colonel [[Francisco Verdugo]] laid siege to the place after his victory at the [[battle of Noordhorn]] but the siege failed and Verdrugo retreated leaving the English and Dutch under [[John Norreys]] and [[William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg|William Louis]] respectively the victors.
The '''siege of Niezijl''' was a siege of the town of [[Niezijl]] that took place between 3 and 24 October 1581 in the [[States-General of the Netherlands|Dutch States]], during the [[Eighty Years' War]] and the [[Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)]]. The Spanish under Colonel [[Francisco Verdugo]] laid siege to the place after his victory at the [[battle of Noordhorn]] but the siege failed and Verdrugo retreated leaving the English and Dutch under [[John Norris (soldier)|John Norreys]] and [[William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg|William Louis]] respectively the victors.

[[File:John Norreys.png|thumb|left|150px|Sir John Norreys]]
[[File:John Norreys.png|thumb|left|150px|Sir John Norreys]]
⚫
[[George van Lalaing|Count Rennenberg]], [[List of stadtholders for the Low Countries provinces#Stadtholders of Friesland|Stadtholder of Friesland]] had betrayed the cities of [[Groningen]], [[Oldenzaal]], [[Coevorden]] and [[Delfzijl]] to Spanish control and himself became a [[turncoat]]. As a result Catholics would no longer be trusted with high posts in the States army. The Spanish Army of Flanders led by Francisco Verdugo, was succeeded as governor of the Northern Provinces, advanced south of the [[Lauwerszee]] to invade Friesland and to force the Republic into signing a negotiation.<ref name=autogenerated0>van den Broek pg. 110</ref> After their defeat Noordhorn on 30 September the Dutch and English retreated to Niezijl where they established themselves behind the defensive fortifications. Verdugo's army although delayed by mutinies were in pursuit and then began to besiege Niezijl.<ref name=autogenerated1 />


⚫
[[George van Lalaing|Count Rennenberg]], [[List of stadtholders for the Low Countries provinces#Stadtholders of Friesland|Stadtholder of Friesland]], had betrayed the cities of [[Groningen]], [[Oldenzaal]], [[Coevorden]], and [[Delfzijl]] to Spanish control and himself became a [[turncoat]]. As a result Catholics would no longer be trusted with high posts in the States army. The Spanish Army of Flanders led by Francisco Verdugo, was succeeded as governor of the Northern Provinces, advanced south of the [[Lauwerszee]] to invade Friesland and to force the Republic into signing a negotiation.<ref name=autogenerated0>van den Broek pg. 110</ref> After their defeat at Noordhorn on 30 September the Dutch and English retreated to Niezijl where they established themselves behind the defensive fortifications. Verdugo's army, although delayed by mutinies, were in pursuit and then began to besiege Niezijl.<ref name=autogenerated1 />
⚫
Niezijl was the only place barring [[Friesland]] and its capture would be important to the Catholic and Spanish cause. The Dutch and English resistance was much tougher than expected repelling assaults and withstanding a heavy bombardment.<ref name=autogenerated0 /> After three weeks Verdugo who was also dealing with mutinies in his ranks decided to give up the siege.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dijkstra|first=Bert|title=The Dutch Revolt and the battle of Noordhorn.|url=http://www.chain.to/?m3=24355|accessdate=4 October 2013}}</ref> The autumnal [[flood]]s made the Frisian land impassable for the armies, and thus Verdugo moved with his troops to the dry land of [[Drenthe]],<ref name=autogenerated1 /> while Norreys kept the remains of his army behind the [[IJssel]] river.<ref name=autogenerated />

⚫
Niezijl was the only place barring [[Friesland]] and its capture would be important to the Catholic and Spanish cause. The Dutch and English resistance was much tougher than expected, repelling assaults and withstanding a heavy bombardment.<ref name=autogenerated0 /> After three weeks, Verdugo who was also dealing with mutinies in his ranks decided to give up the siege.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dijkstra|first=Bert|title=The Dutch Revolt and the battle of Noordhorn.|url=http://www.chain.to/?m3=24355|access-date=4 October 2013}}</ref> The autumnal [[flood]]s made the Frisian land impassable for the armies, and thus Verdugo moved with his troops to the dry land of [[Drenthe]],<ref name=autogenerated1 /> while Norreys kept the remains of his army behind the [[IJssel]] river.<ref name=autogenerated />


Niezijl remained the only place in the [[Ommelanden]] that the Dutch kept, thus giving the States forces with a base to use. As a consequence from 1589 William Louis and [[Maurice of Nassau]] began a laborious reconquest of the Spanish territories which only ended with the [[Siege of Groningen (1594)|capture of Groningen]] on July 22, 1594.<ref name=autogenerated0 />
Niezijl remained the only place in the [[Ommelanden]] that the Dutch kept, thus giving the States forces a base to use. As a consequence from 1589 William Louis and [[Maurice of Nassau]] began a laborious reconquest of the Spanish territories which only ended with the [[Siege of Groningen (1594)|capture of Groningen]] on July 22, 1594.<ref name=autogenerated0 />


==Notes==
==Notes==
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{{coord missing|Netherlands}}
{{coord missing|Netherlands}}


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[[Category:Conflicts in 1581|Niezijl]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Niezijl 1581}}
⚫
[[Category:1581 in Europe]]
[[Category:1581 in the Dutch Republic]]
[[Category:1581 in the Dutch Republic]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1581]]
[[Category:1581 in the Habsburg Netherlands]]
[[Category:History of Groningen (province)]]
[[Category:16th-century military history of the Kingdom of England]]
[[Category:Sieges involving England]]
[[Category:16th-century military history of Spain]]
[[Category:Sieges involving Spain]]
[[Category:Eighty Years' War (1566–1609)]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the Dutch Republic]]
[[Category:Sieges of the Eighty Years' War|Niezijl]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the Dutch Republic|Niezijl]]
[[Category:Sieges involving England|Niezijl]]
[[Category:Sieges involving Spain|Niezijl]]
[[Category:History of Groningen (province)|Niezijl]]
[[Category:Westerkwartier (municipality)]]

Latest revision as of 16:05, 13 June 2024

Siege of Niezijl
Part of the Eighty Years' War & the Anglo-Spanish War (1585)

Commemorative coin of the siege of Niezijl in 1581
Date3 to 24 October 1581
Location
Niezijl, Province of Groningen
(Present day Netherlands)
Result Dutch victory[1][2]
Belligerents
England England
Dutch Republic United Provinces		 Spain Spain
Commanders and leaders
England John Norreys
Dutch Republic William Louis		 Spain Francisco Verdugo

The siege of Niezijl was a siege of the town of Niezijl that took place between 3 and 24 October 1581 in the Dutch States, during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604). The Spanish under Colonel Francisco Verdugo laid siege to the place after his victory at the battle of Noordhorn but the siege failed and Verdrugo retreated leaving the English and Dutch under John Norreys and William Louis respectively the victors.

Sir John Norreys

Count Rennenberg, Stadtholder of Friesland, had betrayed the cities of Groningen, Oldenzaal, Coevorden, and Delfzijl to Spanish control and himself became a turncoat. As a result Catholics would no longer be trusted with high posts in the States army. The Spanish Army of Flanders led by Francisco Verdugo, was succeeded as governor of the Northern Provinces, advanced south of the Lauwerszee to invade Friesland and to force the Republic into signing a negotiation.[3] After their defeat at Noordhorn on 30 September the Dutch and English retreated to Niezijl where they established themselves behind the defensive fortifications. Verdugo's army, although delayed by mutinies, were in pursuit and then began to besiege Niezijl.[2]

Niezijl was the only place barring Friesland and its capture would be important to the Catholic and Spanish cause. The Dutch and English resistance was much tougher than expected, repelling assaults and withstanding a heavy bombardment.[3] After three weeks, Verdugo who was also dealing with mutinies in his ranks decided to give up the siege.[4] The autumnal floods made the Frisian land impassable for the armies, and thus Verdugo moved with his troops to the dry land of Drenthe,[2] while Norreys kept the remains of his army behind the IJssel river.[1]

Niezijl remained the only place in the Ommelanden that the Dutch kept, thus giving the States forces a base to use. As a consequence from 1589 William Louis and Maurice of Nassau began a laborious reconquest of the Spanish territories which only ended with the capture of Groningen on July 22, 1594.[3]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Nolan p. 47
  2. ^ a b c Vázquez pg. 307-08
  3. ^ a b c van den Broek pg. 110
  4. ^ Dijkstra, Bert. "The Dutch Revolt and the battle of Noordhorn". Retrieved 4 October 2013.

References

[edit]
  • Nolan, John S. (1997). Sir John Norreys and the Elizabethan Military World. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. ISBN 0859895483.
  • van den Broek, Jan (2009). Voor God en mijn koning. Gorcum. ISBN 9789023245131. (Dutch)
  • Vázquez, Alonso (1879). Guerras de Flandes y Francia en tiempo de Alejandro Farnese. Madrid: Ginesta. OCLC 42661016. (Spanish)

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