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[[File:South India wedding.JPG|thumb|Bride and groom within a wedding mandapa.|260x260px]]{{Short description|Hindu wedding pavilion}}
[[File:South India wedding.JPG|thumb|Bride and groom within a wedding mandapa.|260x260px]]{{Short description|Hindu wedding pavilion}}
A '''Vivaha Mandapa''' ({{Lang-sa|विवाह मण्डप|lit=Wedding pavilion|translit=Vivāha Maṇḍapa}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Choudhary |first=Indra Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jCQaAAAAIAAJ&q=vivaha+mandapa |title=Some Aspects of Social Life of Medieval Mithila, 1350-1750 A.D.: With a Special Reference to Contemporary Literatures |date=1988 |publisher=Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute |pages=138 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jayashanker |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acAYAAAAYAAJ&q=vivaha+mandapam |title=Temples of Kōzhikkōde District |date=2003 |publisher=Controller of Publications |pages=79 |language=en}}</ref> also referred to as '''Kalyana Mandapa''' ({{Lang-sa|कल्याण मण्डप|translit=Kalyāṇa Maṇḍapa}})<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tilak |first=Sudha G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQC0DwAAQBAJ&dq=kalyana+mandapam&pg=PT115 |title=Temple Tales: Secrets and Stories from India's Sacred Places |date=2019-10-15 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-88322-47-8 |pages=115 |language=en}}</ref> or simply '''Wedding mandapa''' is a [[mandapa]] (pavilion)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ratra |first=Amiteshwar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XV5iBV_pYm0C&dq=wedding+mandapam&pg=PA198 |title=Marriage and Family: In Diverse and Changing Scenario |date=2006 |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |isbn=978-81-7629-758-5 |pages=198 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dash |first=Trilochan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZvsDwAAQBAJ&dq=wedding+mandapa&pg=PA45 |title=Upajamana - The Sacred Hindu Marriage Ceremony: Vedic Hindu Wedding Rituals |date=2020-06-05 |publisher=Trilochan Dash |pages=45 |language=en}}</ref> temporarily erected<ref>Rituals & Customs of a Hindu Wedding: Design & Planning Guide by Kavita Kapoor</ref> for the purpose of a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] or [[Jainism|Jain]] wedding. It is the term used for the ''wedding canopy'' in Dharmic religions.<ref name="Napier2013">{{cite book |last1=Napier |first1=John |title=They Sing the Wedding of God: An Ethnomusicological Study of the Mahadevji ka byavala as Performed by the Nath-Jogis of Alwar |date=4 June 2013 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-0213-4 |page=301 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Brill2019">{{cite book |last1=Brill |first1=Alan |title=Rabbi on the Ganges: A Jewish-Hindu Encounter |date=31 October 2019 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4985-9709-8 |page=210 |language=en}}</ref> The main wedding ceremonies take place under this mandapa. Vivaha Mandapas have historically also been featured adjacent to [[Hindu temple|Hindu temples]] to commemorate the [https://photosbykishen.co.uk wedding] of Hindu deities, such as [[Rama]] and [[Sita]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Knapp |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1JJCgAAQBAJ&dq=vivaha+mandapa&pg=PT192 |title=Seeing Spiritual India: A Guide to Temples, Holy Sites, Festivals and Traditions |date=2008-05-29 |publisher=iUniverse |isbn=978-0-595-61452-3 |pages=192 |language=en}}</ref>
A '''Vivaha Mandapa''' ({{Lang-sa|विवाह मण्डप|lit=Wedding pavilion|translit=Vivāha Maṇḍapa}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Choudhary |first=Indra Kumar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jCQaAAAAIAAJ&q=vivaha+mandapa |title=Some Aspects of Social Life of Medieval Mithila, 1350-1750 A.D.: With a Special Reference to Contemporary Literatures |date=1988 |publisher=Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute |pages=138 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Jayashanker |first=S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acAYAAAAYAAJ&q=vivaha+mandapam |title=Temples of Kōzhikkōde District |date=2003 |publisher=Controller of Publications |pages=79 |language=en}}</ref> also referred to as '''Kalyana Mandapa''' ({{Lang-sa|कल्याण मण्डप|translit=Kalyāṇa Maṇḍapa}})<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tilak |first=Sudha G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQC0DwAAQBAJ&dq=kalyana+mandapam&pg=PT115 |title=Temple Tales: Secrets and Stories from India's Sacred Places |date=2019-10-15 |publisher=Hachette India |isbn=978-93-88322-47-8 |pages=115 |language=en}}</ref> or simply '''Wedding mandapa''' is a [[mandapa]] (pavilion)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ratra |first=Amiteshwar |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XV5iBV_pYm0C&dq=wedding+mandapam&pg=PA198 |title=Marriage and Family: In Diverse and Changing Scenario |date=2006 |publisher=Deep & Deep Publications |isbn=978-81-7629-758-5 |pages=198 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Dash |first=Trilochan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZvsDwAAQBAJ&dq=wedding+mandapa&pg=PA45 |title=Upajamana - The Sacred Hindu Marriage Ceremony: Vedic Hindu Wedding Rituals |date=2020-06-05 |publisher=Trilochan Dash |pages=45 |language=en}}</ref> temporarily erected<ref>Rituals & Customs of a Hindu Wedding: Design & Planning Guide by Kavita Kapoor</ref> for the purpose of a [[Hinduism|Hindu]] or [[Jainism|Jain]] wedding. It is the term used for the ''wedding canopy'' in Dharmic religions.<ref name="Napier2013">{{cite book |last1=Napier |first1=John |title=They Sing the Wedding of God: An Ethnomusicological Study of the Mahadevji ka byavala as Performed by the Nath-Jogis of Alwar |date=4 June 2013 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-0213-4 |page=301 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Brill2019">{{cite book |last1=Brill |first1=Alan |title=Rabbi on the Ganges: A Jewish-Hindu Encounter |date=31 October 2019 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4985-9709-8 |page=210 |language=en}}</ref> The main wedding ceremonies take place under this mandapa. Vivaha Mandapas have historically also been featured adjacent to [[Hindu temple]]s to commemorate the wedding of Hindu deities, such as [[Rama]] and [[Sita]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Knapp |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d1JJCgAAQBAJ&dq=vivaha+mandapa&pg=PT192 |title=Seeing Spiritual India: A Guide to Temples, Holy Sites, Festivals and Traditions |date=2008-05-29 |publisher=iUniverse |isbn=978-0-595-61452-3 |pages=192 |language=en}}</ref>


== Description ==
== Description ==
A Vivaha Mandapa is traditionally made of wood, although in the contemporary period, modern materials are sometimes used.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=विवाह मंडप नए रूप में |url=https://hindi.webdunia.com/women-articles/विवाह-मंडप-नए-रूप-में-109030200110_1.htm |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=hindi.webdunia.com |language=hi}}</ref> It is often set up as an arrangement that includes pillars supporting a frame, royal chairs for the bride and the groom, side chairs for parents, and a pedestal for the sacred fire.
A Vivaha Mandapa is traditionally made of wood, although in the contemporary period, modern materials are sometimes used.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=विवाह मंडप नए रूप में |url=https://hindi.webdunia.com/women-articles/विवाह-मंडप-नए-रूप-में-109030200110_1.htm |access-date=2023-07-28 |website=hindi.webdunia.com |language=hi}}</ref> It is often set up as an arrangement that includes pillars supporting a frame, royal chairs for the bride and the groom, side chairs for parents, and a pedestal for the sacred fire.


It is often rented from businesses that specialise in renting items for an Indian wedding. Its use is common among [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|overseas Indians]] as well.<ref>Marrying East and West
It is often rented from businesses that specialise in renting items for an Indian wedding. Its use is common among [[Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin|overseas Indians]] as well.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Marrying East and West (washingtonpost.com) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40091-2004May19.html |access-date=2024-06-13 |website=www.washingtonpost.com}}</ref>
From Henna to Horses, Hindu Wedding Traditions Call for Specialized Help https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40091-2004May19.html</ref>


The use of a mandapa is an ancient custom, and is described in texts like [[Ramacharitamanas]]<ref>Balkand, 320</ref> and various [[Sanskrit]] texts. The bride is often escorted to the mandapa by her maternal uncle.<ref>A Maharashtrian marriage http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990202/ile02185.html</ref>
The use of a mandapa is an ancient custom, and is described in texts like [[Ramacharitamanas]]<ref>Balkand, 320</ref> and various [[Sanskrit]] texts. The bride is often escorted to the mandapa by her maternal uncle.<ref>A Maharashtrian marriage http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990202/ile02185.html</ref>

Usually, a mandap will be made of four posts, in a Vivaha Mandapa holds symbolic and ritualistic significance within Hindu culture. These four posts represent various aspects and concepts associated with Hindu beliefs and marriage rituals:

# Four Vedas: The four posts of the Vivaha Mandapa symbolize the four Vedas, which are ancient sacred texts in Hinduism. These Vedas ([[Rigveda]], [[Samaveda]], [[Yajurveda]], and [[Atharvaveda]]) are considered the foundation of Hindu knowledge and spirituality. The presence of the Vedas in the wedding pavilion signifies the importance of knowledge and wisdom in a marital relationship.
# Four Stages of Life: Hinduism recognizes four stages of life, known as "[[Āśrama (stage)|Ashramas]]." These stages are Brahmacharya (student life), Grihastha (householder life), Vanaprastha (retired life), and Sannyasa (renunciant life). The Vivaha Mandapa represents the Grihastha Ashrama, the stage when individuals enter married life and fulfill their worldly responsibilities.
# Four Goals of Life (Purusharthas): The four posts also symbolize the four purusharthas, which are the fundamental goals of human life according to Hindu philosophy. These goals are [[Dharma]] (righteousness and duty), Artha (prosperity and wealth), Kama (desires and enjoyment), and Moksha (liberation and spiritual enlightenment). Marriage is seen as a means to pursue these goals in a balanced and harmonious way.
# Four Directions: The four posts of the Vivaha Mandapa may also represent the four cardinal directions (north, south, east, and west). In Hindu culture, these directions are associated with various deities, energies, and elements. The presence of the four posts signifies the blessings and protection of these cosmic forces on the couple entering into wedlock.
# Stability and Balance: The structural design of the Vivaha Mandapa with its four posts offers stability and balance, which are essential qualities in a successful marital relationship. Just as the four posts support the pavilion, a marriage requires a strong foundation and support to flourish.

It's important to note that interpretations and symbolism may vary based on regional and cultural differences within Hinduism. The presence of four posts in the Vivaha Mandapa reflects the deep spiritual and philosophical underpinnings of Hindu marriage ceremonies and the holistic approach to human life that Hinduism emphasizes.


==Decorations==
==Decorations==
Traditionally, the wedding mandapa is decorated using [[Kalasha|kalashas]] (pots filled with water), garlands of mango leaves, coconuts, banana leaves, and other traditional objects.
Traditionally, the wedding mandapa is decorated using [[kalasha]]s (pots filled with water), garlands of mango leaves, coconuts, banana leaves, and other traditional objects.


Modern mandapas use fabrics, lights, crystals, flowers, Wrought Iron unique shapes and other materials insuring all religious aspects of a mandapa, which include the four pillars and havana kunda (fire altar) is now completely modernised by design.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Shastra behind your Wedding Mandap design — The Tamarind Tree |url=https://www.thetamarindtree.in/blog/wedding-mandap-shastra |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=Best Heritage Wedding Venues in Bangalore - The Tamarind Tree |language=en-US}}</ref>
Modern mandapas use fabrics, lights, crystals, flowers, Wrought Iron unique shapes and other materials insuring all religious aspects of a mandapa, which include the four pillars and havana kunda (fire altar) is now completely modernised by design.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Shastra behind your Wedding Mandap design — The Tamarind Tree |url=https://www.thetamarindtree.in/blog/wedding-mandap-shastra |access-date=2023-04-22 |website=Best Heritage Wedding Venues in Bangalore - The Tamarind Tree |language=en-US}}</ref>

Latest revision as of 08:17, 13 June 2024

Bride and groom within a wedding mandapa.

A Vivaha Mandapa (Sanskrit: विवाह मण्डप, romanized: Vivāha Maṇḍapa, lit. 'Wedding pavilion'),[1][2] also referred to as Kalyana Mandapa (Sanskrit: कल्याण मण्डप, romanized: Kalyāṇa Maṇḍapa)[3] or simply Wedding mandapa is a mandapa (pavilion)[4][5] temporarily erected[6] for the purpose of a Hindu or Jain wedding. It is the term used for the wedding canopy in Dharmic religions.[7][8] The main wedding ceremonies take place under this mandapa. Vivaha Mandapas have historically also been featured adjacent to Hindu temples to commemorate the wedding of Hindu deities, such as Rama and Sita.[9]

Description

[edit]

A Vivaha Mandapa is traditionally made of wood, although in the contemporary period, modern materials are sometimes used.[10] It is often set up as an arrangement that includes pillars supporting a frame, royal chairs for the bride and the groom, side chairs for parents, and a pedestal for the sacred fire.

It is often rented from businesses that specialise in renting items for an Indian wedding. Its use is common among overseas Indians as well.[11]

The use of a mandapa is an ancient custom, and is described in texts like Ramacharitamanas[12] and various Sanskrit texts. The bride is often escorted to the mandapa by her maternal uncle.[13]

Decorations

[edit]

Traditionally, the wedding mandapa is decorated using kalashas (pots filled with water), garlands of mango leaves, coconuts, banana leaves, and other traditional objects.

Modern mandapas use fabrics, lights, crystals, flowers, Wrought Iron unique shapes and other materials insuring all religious aspects of a mandapa, which include the four pillars and havana kunda (fire altar) is now completely modernised by design.[14]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Choudhary, Indra Kumar (1988). Some Aspects of Social Life of Medieval Mithila, 1350-1750 A.D.: With a Special Reference to Contemporary Literatures. Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute. p. 138.
  2. ^ Jayashanker, S. (2003). Temples of Kōzhikkōde District. Controller of Publications. p. 79.
  3. ^ Tilak, Sudha G. (2019-10-15). Temple Tales: Secrets and Stories from India's Sacred Places. Hachette India. p. 115. ISBN 978-93-88322-47-8.
  4. ^ Ratra, Amiteshwar (2006). Marriage and Family: In Diverse and Changing Scenario. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 198. ISBN 978-81-7629-758-5.
  5. ^ Dash, Trilochan (2020-06-05). Upajamana - The Sacred Hindu Marriage Ceremony: Vedic Hindu Wedding Rituals. Trilochan Dash. p. 45.
  6. ^ Rituals & Customs of a Hindu Wedding: Design & Planning Guide by Kavita Kapoor
  7. ^ Napier, John (4 June 2013). They Sing the Wedding of God: An Ethnomusicological Study of the Mahadevji ka byavala as Performed by the Nath-Jogis of Alwar. McFarland. p. 301. ISBN 978-1-4766-0213-4.
  8. ^ Brill, Alan (31 October 2019). Rabbi on the Ganges: A Jewish-Hindu Encounter. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 210. ISBN 978-1-4985-9709-8.
  9. ^ Knapp, Stephen (2008-05-29). Seeing Spiritual India: A Guide to Temples, Holy Sites, Festivals and Traditions. iUniverse. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-595-61452-3.
  10. ^ "विवाह मंडप नए रूप में". hindi.webdunia.com (in Hindi). Retrieved 2023-07-28.
  11. ^ "Marrying East and West (washingtonpost.com)". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
  12. ^ Balkand, 320
  13. ^ A Maharashtrian marriage http://www.indianexpress.com/res/web/pIe/ie/daily/19990202/ile02185.html
  14. ^ "The Shastra behind your Wedding Mandap design — The Tamarind Tree". Best Heritage Wedding Venues in Bangalore - The Tamarind Tree. Retrieved 2023-04-22.
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