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{{Short description|Highest court in Germany from 1879 to 1945}}
[[Image:Leipzig Reichsgericht.jpg|thumb|300px|Das Reichsgerichtsgebäude in Leipzig|thumb|300px|The Reichsgericht building in Leipzig]]
{{Italic title}}
The '''Reichsgericht''' (Imperial Court of Justice) was the supreme criminal and civil court in the [[Deutsches Reich]] from 1879 to 1945. It was based in [[Leipzig]], [[Germany]]. The Supreme Court was established when the [[Reichsjustizgesetze]] (Imperial Justice Laws) came into effect and it built a widely regarded body of jurisprudence during the period of the [[German Empire]] and [[Weimar Republic]].<ref>"Federal Court of Justice Celebrates 50th Anniversary", German Law Journal, November 2000</ref>
{{more citations needed|date=July 2023}}
{{coord|51|19|59|N|12|22|11|E|region:DE-SN_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}
[[Image:Leipzig Reichsgericht.jpg|thumb|300px|The Reichsgericht building in Leipzig]]
The '''{{lang|de|Reichsgericht}}''' ({{IPA-de|ˈʁaɪçs.ɡəˌʁɪçt|lang}}, {{translation|Reich Court}}) was the supreme criminal and civil court in the [[German Reich]] from 1879 to 1945. It was based in [[Leipzig]], [[Germany]]. The Supreme Court was established when the {{lang|de|[[Reichsjustizgesetze]]}} (Imperial Justice Laws) came into effect and it built a widely regarded body of jurisprudence during the period of the [[German Empire]] and [[Weimar Republic]].<ref>"Federal Court of Justice Celebrates 50th Anniversary", German Law Journal, November 2000</ref>


During the rise of the [[Third Reich]], the Reichsgericht became deeply embroiled in the [[National Socialist]] agenda. It even involved itself in matters of [[Nazi]] Matrimonial and Contract Law before enactment of the [[Nuremberg Laws]]. <ref>Fundstelle: ''Entscheidungen des Reichsgerichts in Zivilsachen'' p. 147, 65, 68</ref> During and after the Nazi period it received criticism for the ease, and even willingness, with which it provided the highest level of formal legal justification for Nazi programs.<ref>"Federal Court of Justice Celebrates 50th Anniversary", German Law Journal, November 2000</ref> Immediately after the end of [[World War II]] the Reichsgericht was dissolved, and reformed into the German High Court for the Unified Economic Region, the [[Allied occupation zones]] of France, the United Kingdom and the United States.
During the rise of the [[Third Reich]], the Reichsgericht became deeply embroiled in the [[National Socialist]] agenda. It even involved itself in matters of [[Nazi]] Matrimonial and Contract Law before enactment of the [[Nuremberg Laws]].<ref>Fundstelle: ''Entscheidungen des Reichsgerichts in Zivilsachen'' p. 147, 65, 68</ref> During and after the Nazi period it received criticism for the ease, and even willingness, with which it provided the highest level of formal legal justification for Nazi programs.<ref>"Federal Court of Justice Celebrates 50th Anniversary", German Law Journal, November 2000</ref> Immediately after the end of [[World War II]], the Reichsgericht was dissolved, and reformed into the German High Court for the ''Unified Economic Region'' ([[Bizone#Trizonia, End of Inter-Allied Control, and formation of West Germany|Trizone]]), the [[Allied occupation zones]] of France, the United Kingdom and the United States.


==Building==
==Building==
Located in Leipzig, [[Saxony]], Germany, the building ({{lang-de|Reichsgerichtsgebäude}}) was designed by Ludwig Hoffmann and Peter Dybwad, and construction was completed in 1895. It is designed in the [[renaissance architecture|Italian renaissance style]] and features two large courtyards, a central cupola and a large portico at the entrance.<ref>[http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=reichsgericht-leipzig-germany Reichsgericht, Leipzig<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> The rich decorative gable and sculptures are by [[Otto Lessing (sculptor)|Otto Lessing]]. After the reunification, the former Reichsgericht building was renovated and became the seat of the [[Bundesverwaltungsgericht]] (Federal Administrative Court).
Located in Leipzig, [[Saxony]], Germany, the building ({{lang-de|Reichsgerichtsgebäude}}) was designed by [[Ludwig Hoffmann (architect)|Ludwig Hoffmann]] and [[Peter Dybwad]], and construction was completed in 1895. It is designed in the [[renaissance architecture|Italian renaissance style]] and features two large courtyards, a central cupola and a large portico at the entrance.<ref>[http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=reichsgericht-leipzig-germany Reichsgericht, Leipzig<!-- Bot generated title -->]{{dead link|date=September 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The rich decorative gable and sculptures are by [[Otto Lessing (sculptor)|Otto Lessing]]. After the reunification, the former Reichsgericht building was renovated and became the seat of the {{lang|de|[[Bundesverwaltungsgericht]]}} (Federal Administrative Court).


==List of presidents==
{{coord|51|19|59|N|12|22|11|E|region:DE-SN_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}
{{Officeholder table start
| showorder = y
| showimage = y
| image_title = Portrait
| officeholder_title = Name
| showtermlenght = y
| showparty = n
| showdefencebranch = n
| showref = y
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 1
| image = Eduard von Simson by Fritz Paulsen.jpg
| officeholder = [[Eduard von Simson]]
| officeholder_sort = Simson, Eduard
| born_year = 1810
| died_year = 1899
| term_start = 1 October 1879
| term_end = 1 February 1891
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1879|10|01|1891|02|01}}
| ref = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 2
| image = Otto von Oehlschläger.JPG
| officeholder = [[Otto von Oehlschläger]]
| officeholder_sort = Oehlschläger, Otto
| born_year = 1831
| died_year = 1904
| term_start = 1 February 1891
| term_end = 1 November 1903
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1891|02|01|1903|11|01}}
| ref = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 3
| image = Karl Gutbrod (BerlLeben 1903-11).jpg
| officeholder = [[Karl Gutbrod]]
| officeholder_sort = Gutbrod, Karl
| born_year = 1844
| died_year = 1905
| died = y
| term_start = 1 November 1903
| term_end = 17 April 1905
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1903|11|01|1905|04|17}}
| ref = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 4
| image =
| officeholder = {{ill|Rudolf von Seckendorff|de}}
| officeholder_sort = Seckendorff, Rudolf
| born_year = 1844
| died_year = 1932
| term_start = 18 June 1905
| term_end = 1 January 1920
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1905|06|18|1920|01|01}}
| ref = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 5
| image =
| officeholder = {{ill|Heinrich Delbrück|de}}
| officeholder_sort = Delbrück, Heinrich
| born_year = 1855
| died_year = 1922
| died = y
| term_start = 1 January 1920
| term_end = 3 July 1922
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1920|01|01|1922|07|03}}
| ref = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 6
| image = Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12279, Walter Simons.jpg
| officeholder = [[Walter Simons]]
| officeholder_sort = Simons, Walter
| born_year = 1861
| died_year = 1937
| term_start = 16 October 1922
| term_end = 1 April 1929
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1922|10|16|1929|04|01}}
| ref = –
}}
{{Officeholder table
| order = 7
| image = Erwin Bumke.jpg
| officeholder = [[Erwin Bumke]]
| officeholder_sort = Bumke, Erwin
| born_year = 1874
| died_year = 1945
| died = y
| term_start = 1 April 1929
| term_end = 20 April 1945
| timeinoffice = {{ayd|1929|04|01|1945|04|20}}
| ref = –
}}
{{Officeholder table end}}

==See also==
* [[Architecture of Leipzig#Reich Court Building|Architecture of Leipzig - Reich Court Building]]


==References==
==References==
{{Commons category|Reichsgericht}}
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{ReichsgerichtPresidents}}
{{ReichsgerichtPresidents}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:German law]]
[[Category:National supreme courts|Germany]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Leipzig]]


[[Category:Legal history of Germany]]
[[de:Reichsgericht]]
[[Category:Former supreme courts|Germany]]
[[fr:Tribunal du Reich]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Leipzig]]
[[lt:Vokietijos Imperijos Teismas]]
[[Category:Defunct courts]]
[[zh:德意志帝国最高法院]]
[[Category:1879 establishments in Germany]]
[[en:Reichsgericht]]
[[Category:1945 disestablishments in Germany]]
[[ja:ドイツ国最高裁判所]]
[[Category:Courts and tribunals established in 1879]]
[[Category:Courts and tribunals disestablished in 1945]]

Revision as of 18:38, 9 June 2024

51°19′59″N 12°22′11″E / 51.33306°N 12.36972°E / 51.33306; 12.36972

The Reichsgericht building in Leipzig

The Reichsgericht (German: [ˈʁaɪçs.ɡəˌʁɪçt], transl. Reich Court) was the supreme criminal and civil court in the German Reich from 1879 to 1945. It was based in Leipzig, Germany. The Supreme Court was established when the Reichsjustizgesetze (Imperial Justice Laws) came into effect and it built a widely regarded body of jurisprudence during the period of the German Empire and Weimar Republic.[1]

During the rise of the Third Reich, the Reichsgericht became deeply embroiled in the National Socialist agenda. It even involved itself in matters of Nazi Matrimonial and Contract Law before enactment of the Nuremberg Laws.[2] During and after the Nazi period it received criticism for the ease, and even willingness, with which it provided the highest level of formal legal justification for Nazi programs.[3] Immediately after the end of World War II, the Reichsgericht was dissolved, and reformed into the German High Court for the Unified Economic Region (Trizone), the Allied occupation zones of France, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Building

Located in Leipzig, Saxony, Germany, the building (German: Reichsgerichtsgebäude) was designed by Ludwig Hoffmann and Peter Dybwad, and construction was completed in 1895. It is designed in the Italian renaissance style and features two large courtyards, a central cupola and a large portico at the entrance.[4] The rich decorative gable and sculptures are by Otto Lessing. After the reunification, the former Reichsgericht building was renovated and became the seat of the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Federal Administrative Court).

List of presidents

No. Portrait Name Took office Left office Time in office Ref.
1
Eduard von Simson
Simson, EduardEduard von Simson
(1810–1899)		1 October 18791 February 189111 years, 123 days–
2
Otto von Oehlschläger
Oehlschläger, OttoOtto von Oehlschläger
(1831–1904)		1 February 18911 November 190312 years, 273 days–
3
Karl Gutbrod
Gutbrod, KarlKarl Gutbrod
(1844–1905)		1 November 190317 April 1905 †1 year, 167 days–
4
Rudolf von Seckendorff [de]
Seckendorff, RudolfRudolf von Seckendorff [de]
(1844–1932)		18 June 19051 January 192014 years, 197 days–
5
Heinrich Delbrück [de]
Delbrück, HeinrichHeinrich Delbrück [de]
(1855–1922)		1 January 19203 July 1922 †2 years, 183 days–
6
Walter Simons
Simons, WalterWalter Simons
(1861–1937)		16 October 19221 April 19296 years, 167 days–
7
Erwin Bumke
Bumke, ErwinErwin Bumke
(1874–1945)		1 April 192920 April 1945 †16 years, 19 days–

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Reichsgericht.
  1. ^ "Federal Court of Justice Celebrates 50th Anniversary", German Law Journal, November 2000
  2. ^ Fundstelle: Entscheidungen des Reichsgerichts in Zivilsachen p. 147, 65, 68
  3. ^ "Federal Court of Justice Celebrates 50th Anniversary", German Law Journal, November 2000
  4. ^ Reichsgericht, Leipzig[dead link]
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