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{{Short description|Shipping company New Zealand to Great Britain, passenger and cargo}}
{{For|the law case|NZ Shipping Co Ltd v A M Satterthwaite & Co Ltd}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=December 2013}}
{{Use New Zealand English|date=December 2013}}
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}}
}}


{{For|the law case|NZ Shipping Co Ltd v A M Satterthwaite & Co Ltd}}[[File:SS 'Tongariro'.jpg|thumb|''Tongariro'' in 1883]]
[[File:SS 'Tongariro'.jpg|thumb|''Tongariro'' in 1883]]
The '''New Zealand Shipping Company''' (NZSC) was a shipping company whose ships ran passenger and cargo services between [[Great Britain]] and [[New Zealand]] between 1873 and 1973.
The '''New Zealand Shipping Company''' (NZSC) was a shipping company whose ships ran passenger and cargo services between [[Great Britain]] and [[New Zealand]] between 1873 and 1973.


A group of [[Christchurch]] businessmen, including [[Hugh Murray-Aynsley]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Obituary |url= http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=CHP19170223.2.15 |access-date=19 April 2014 |newspaper=[[The Press]] |date=23 February 1917 |volume=LIII |issue=15833 |page=3}}</ref> and [[John Coster]],<ref name="Star obit">{{cite news |title=Obituary |url= http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=TS18861218.2.33 |access-date=20 August 2014 |work=[[The Star (Christchurch)|The Star]] |issue=5804 |date=18 December 1886 |page=3}}</ref> founded the company in 1873. There were seven initial directors, including George Gould Snr., Coster, [[John Thomas Peacock]], [[William Reeves (journalist)|William Reeves]], and [[John Anderson (mayor)|John Anderson]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Commercial|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/LT18730125.2.12?query=shipping%20company%20gould|access-date=18 May 2017|work=[[Lyttelton Times]] |volume=XXXIX|issue=3748|date=25 January 1873|page=2}}</ref> The company gradually established a fleet of vessels, using [[Māori language|Māori names]] for each. From 1875 the livery consisted of black hulls, white superstructure and yellow funnels.<ref name=NZSCtata />
A group of [[Christchurch]] businessmen<ref>[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18721121.2.19 News of the Day ''The Press''], 21 November 1872 Page 3</ref> founded the company in 1873, similar groups formed in the other main centres, to counter the dominance of the Shaw Savill line controlled from London and the (Scotland-Dunedin) Albion line. There were seven initial directors: [[John Coster]], chairman, George Gould Snr., (father of [[George Gould (businessman)|George Gould]]), [[John Thomas Peacock]], [[William Reeves (journalist)|William Reeves]], [[Robert Heaton Rhodes]], [[John Anderson (mayor)|John Anderson]], and Reginald Cobb (died 1873<ref>[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18730904.2.17 News of the Day. ''The Press''], 4 September 1873 Page 2</ref>) representing the [[New Zealand Loan and Mercantile Agency Company|New Zealand Loan & Mercantile Agency]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Commercial|url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/LT18730125.2.12?query=shipping%20company%20gould|access-date=18 May 2017|work=[[Lyttelton Times]] |volume=XXXIX|issue=3748|date=25 January 1873|page=2}}</ref>

The similar groups of businessmen in Dunedin and Wellington soon joined this Christchurch company followed by the Auckland group. They completed the four-main-centre link in July 1873.<ref>[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS18730704.2.9 New Zealand Freight Company Limited ''Auckland Star''] 4 July 1873 Page 2 </ref><ref>[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18730812.2.13.2 The South ''New Zealand Herald''] 12 August 1873 Page 3</ref> [[John Johnston (New Zealand politician)|Hon. John Johnston]] Wellington, [[John Logan Campbell]] Auckland, and [[Evan Prosser]] of Dunedin were elected to the main board.<ref name=CHP18731111>[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP18731111.2.13 ''The Press''] 11 November 1873 Page 2</ref> A Captain Ashby opened an office off [[New Broad Street]] London and chartered two ships carrying 500 government emigrants: ''Punjaub'' 883 tons and ''Adamant'' 815 tons set to sail for Canterbury on 31 May and 20 June respectively with full cargo.<ref>[https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18730714.2.3 Shipping ''New Zealand Herald''], 14 July 1873 Page 2 </ref> By November 1873 they had purchased two vessels, ''Hindostan'' and ''Dilfillan'' and chartered eighteen. Two 1,000 ton ships were scheduled to be launched the same month and named ''Waikato'' and ''Waitangi''.<ref name=CHP18731111/>

The company gradually established a fleet of vessels, using [[Māori language|Māori names]] for each. From 1875 the livery consisted of black hulls, white superstructure and yellow funnels.<ref name=NZSCtata />


In 1882, the company's ships were equipped with refrigeration.<ref name=NZSCtata /> and a frozen meat service began from New Zealand to England.
In 1882, the company's ships were equipped with refrigeration.<ref name=NZSCtata /> and a frozen meat service began from New Zealand to England.
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==Federal Steam Navigation Company==
==Federal Steam Navigation Company==
[[File:New Zealand Shipping Company Building 296.jpg|thumb|Former New Zealand Shipping Company Building in [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]], still displaying the NZSC logo]]
[[File:New Zealand Shipping Company Building 296.jpg|thumb|Former New Zealand Shipping Company Building in [[Napier, New Zealand|Napier]], still displaying the NZSC logo]]
On 3 January 1912 an agreement was reached whereby the New Zealand Shipping Company absorbed the Federal Steam Navigation Company, which at the time owned ten steamships trading between Australia, New Zealand and the UK.{{sfn|Waters|1939|p=59}} Federal Steam ships retained their [[Maritime flag#House flag|house flag]], and continued to be named after English counties, thereby retaining their Federal Steam identity. Federal Steam was registered in England for tax purposes, whereas the New Zealand Shipping Company continued to be registered in New Zealand.
In 1894 Allan Hughes bought [[Money Wigram]] & Sons and renamed it King Steam Navigation, but changed the name to the Federal Steam Navigation Co Ltd (FSNC) in 1895.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2016 |title=Federal Steam Navigation Co - Graces Guide |url=https://www.gracesguide.co.uk/Federal_Steam_Navigation_Co |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=www.gracesguide.co.uk}}</ref> Federal-Houlder-Shire Lines was established in 1904 by the merger of FSNC, [[Houlder Line|Houlder]] Brothers and Company, and the Scottish Shire Line owned by Turnbull, Martin and Company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1906 |title=F-H-S Lines |url=https://natlib.govt.nz/records/43067115 |access-date=2023-11-24 |website=natlib.govt.nz}}</ref> On 3 January 1912 an agreement was reached whereby the New Zealand Shipping Company absorbed the Federal Steam Navigation Company, which at the time owned ten steamships trading between Australia, New Zealand and the UK.{{sfn|Waters|1939|p=59}} Ships owned in 1912 were ''Argyllshire'', ''[[SS Wiltshire|Wiltshire]]'',<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=1912-04-29 |title=THE WILTSHIRE. |work=Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article133946938 |access-date=2023-11-22}}</ref> ''Cornwall'', ''Devon'', ''Dorset'', ''Durham'', ''Essex'', ''Kent'', ''Norfolk'', ''[[SS Shropshire|Shropshire]] (Rotorua'' from 1923), ''Somerset'', ''[[SS Suffolk (1899)|Suffolk]]'', ''Surrey'' and ''Sussex''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 January 1912 |title=Federal Company's fleet. Press |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/CHP19120105.2.72.4 |access-date=2023-11-23 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz}}</ref> Federal Steam ships retained their [[Maritime flag#House flag|house flag]], and continued to be named after English counties, thereby retaining their Federal Steam identity. Federal Steam was registered in England for tax purposes, whereas the New Zealand Shipping Company continued to be registered in New Zealand.


==World wars==
==World wars==
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| bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | '''Fate/ next assignment'''
| bgcolor="#FFEBAD" | '''Fate/ next assignment'''
|-
|-
|{{SS|Aorangi|1893|2}}
|{{SS|Aorangi|1883|2}}
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] and passenger steamship
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] and passenger steamship
|1883
|1883
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|cargo and passenger ship
|cargo and passenger ship
|1881
|1881
|chartered 1882<ref>{{cite news |title=` |newspaper=Otago Daily Times |issue=6577 |date=14 March 1883 |page=4}}</ref>
|chartered 1882<ref>{{cite news |title=' |newspaper=[[Otago Daily Times]] |issue=6577 |date=14 March 1883 |page=4}}</ref>
|1884
|1884
|Scuttled at Port Arthur 1904
|Scuttled at Port Arthur 1904
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|1875
|1875
|
|
|1883
|
|Collided and sank ''Waitara'' in 1883<ref name="cman258">{{cite news |title=Collision And Loss Of 27 Lives |newspaper=[[The Cornishman]] |issue=258 |date=28 June 1883}}</ref>
|Collided and sank ''Waitara'', 22 June 1883<ref name=cman258>{{cite news |title=Collision And Loss Of 27 Lives |newspaper=[[The Cornishman (newspaper)|The Cornishman]] |issue=258 |date=28 June 1883}}</ref>
|-
|-
|''Hurunui'' (2)
|''Hurunui'' (2)
|steamship
|refrigerated cargo steamship
|1911
|
|1918
|Sunk by torpedo off [[The Lizard]] by {{SMU|U-94||2}}, 18 May 1918<ref>{{cite web |url= http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/2941.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |title=Hurunui |work=Uboat.net |accessdate=24 October 2012}}</ref>
|-
|''Hurunui'' (3)
|refrigerated cargo steamship
|1921
|1921
|
|
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|
|
|1899
|1899
|Sold to [[British-India Steam Navigation Company|British-India SN Co]]
|Sold to [[British India Steam Navigation Company|British India SN Co]]
|-
|-
|''Kaikoura'' (2)<ref name=CPNZ/>
|''Kaikoura'' (2)<ref name=CPNZ/>
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] and passenger steamship
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship
|1903
|1903
|
|
|1926
|
|Sold
|
|-
|-
|''Kaipara''<ref name=CPNZ/>
|''Kaipara''<ref name=CPNZ/>
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] and passenger steamship
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship
|1903
|1903
|
|
|1914
|
|Stopped and sunk by SMS {{SS|Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse||2}}, 16 August 1914<ref name=NavHist>{{cite web |url= http://www.naval-history.net/WW1LossesBrMS1914-16.htm |title=British Merchant Ships Lost to Enemy Action: Part 1 of 3 – Years 1914, 1915, 1916 in date order |work=World War 1 at Sea |publisher=Naval History |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
|
|-
|-
|''Mataura'' (1)
|''Mataura'' (1)
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|-
|-
|''Mataura'' (2)<ref name=CPNZ/>
|''Mataura'' (2)<ref name=CPNZ/>
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] and passenger steamship
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship
|1896
|1896
|
|
|1898
|1898
|Wrecked in the [[Strait of Magellan]] 12 January 1898<ref>{{cite news |title=` |newspaper=The Press |place=Canterbury, NZ |date=29 January 1898}}</ref>
|Wrecked in the [[Strait of Magellan]] 12 January 1898<ref>{{cite news |title=' |newspaper=The Press |place=Canterbury, NZ |date=29 January 1898}}</ref>
|-
|''Opawa''
|refrigerated cargo motor ship
|1931
|
|1942
|Sunk by ''U-106'', 6 February 1942<ref>{{cite web|publisher=uboat.net|title=Opawa|url=https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/1319.html|access-date=28 November 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''Orari''
|refrigerated cargo motor ship
|1931
|
|1958
|Sold to Italy and renamed ''Capo Bianco''<ref>{{cite web|publisher=uboat.net|title=Orari|url=https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/717.html|access-date=29 March 2021}}</ref>
|-
|''Otaio''
|refrigerated cargo motor ship
|1930
|
|1941
|Sunk by ''U-558'', 28 August 1941<ref>{{cite web|publisher=uboat.net|title=Otaio|url=https://uboat.net/allies/merchants/ship/1080.html|access-date=14 July 2021}}</ref>
|-
|-
|{{Ship||Otaki|1875|2}} (1)
|{{Ship||Otaki|1875|2}} (1)
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|-
|-
|{{SS|Otaki|1908|2}} (2)
|{{SS|Otaki|1908|2}} (2)
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] and passenger steamship
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship
|1908
|1908
|
|
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|-
|-
|''Otaki'' (3)
|''Otaki'' (3)
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] steamship
|refrigerated cargo steamship
|1919
|1919
|
|
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|-
|-
|{{MV|Otaki|1952|2}} (4)
|{{MV|Otaki|1952|2}} (4)
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] motor ship
|refrigerated cargo motor ship
|1953
|1953
|
|
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|Transferred to Federal Steam Navigation Co
|Transferred to Federal Steam Navigation Co
|-
|-

|''Otorama''<ref name=CPNZ>{{cite book |title=Cyclopaedia of New Zealand |year=1906}}</ref>
|''Otorama''<ref name=CPNZ>{{cite book |title=Cyclopaedia of New Zealand |year=1906}}</ref>
|steamship
|steamship
|1890
|1890
|former ''Sea King''
|former ''Sea King''
|1902
|
|Sold
|Sold
|-
|-
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|1898
|1898
|
|
|1909
|
|Sold
|
|-
|-
|''Paparoa''<ref name=CPNZ/>
|''Paparoa''<ref name=CPNZ/>
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] and passenger steamship
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship
|1899
|1899
|
|
|
|
|17 March 1926 caught fire in the South Atlantic, scuttled by {{HMS|Birmingham|1913|6}}<ref>{{cite web |url= https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?141356 |last1=Chipchase |first1=Nick |last2=Allen |first2=Tony |title=SS Paparoa (+1926) |work=Wrecksite |date=5 February 2020 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
|17 March 1926 caught fire and sank in the [[Indian Ocean]]
|-
|-
|''Piako'' (1)
|''Piako'' (1)
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|-
|-
|''Piako'' (2)
|''Piako'' (2)
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] steamship
|refrigerated cargo steamship
|1920
|1920
|1920 (former ''War Orestes'')
|1920 (former ''War Orestes'')
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|-
|-
|''Piako'' (3)
|''Piako'' (3)
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] and passenger ship
|refrigerated cargo and passenger ship
|1961
|1961
|1962
|1962
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|Scrapped
|Scrapped
|-
|-
|''Rakanoa''<ref name=CPNZ/>
|''Rakanoa''{{citation needed|date=April 2021}}
|
|
|
|
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|1929
|1929
|1940
|1940
|Sunk by shellfire by the German raiders {{ship|German auxiliary cruiser|Orion||2}} and ''Komet'', 26 November 1940<ref>{{cite web |url= https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?138639 |last1=Allen |first1=Tony |last2=Vleggeert |first2=Nico |title=MV Rangitane (+1940) |work=Wrecksite |date=28 October 2015 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
|Sunk by enemy 26 November 1940
|-
|-
|''Rangitane'' (2)
|''Rangitane'' (2)
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|1949
|1949
|May 1968
|May 1968
|Sold to CY Tung, Scrapped Taiwan, 1976
|Sold to [[Tung Chao-yung|CY Tung]], Scrapped Taiwan, 1976
|-
|-
|{{RMS|Rangitata}}
|{{RMS|Rangitata}}
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|1884
|1884
|
|
|1900
|
|Sold to British India SN Co
|
|-
|-
|''Rimutaka'' (2)
|''Rimutaka'' (2)
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] and passenger ship
|refrigerated cargo and passenger ship
|1901
|1901
|
|
|1930
|
|Scrapped
|
|-
|-
|''[[SS Mongolia (1922)#SS Rimutaka, 1938–1950|Rimutaka]]'' (3)
|''[[SS Mongolia (1922)#SS Rimutaka, 1938–1950|Rimutaka]]'' (3)
|passenger steamship
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship
|1922
|1922
|1938 (former ''Mongolia'')
|1938 (former ''Mongolia'')
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|-
|-
|''Rotorua'' (1)
|''Rotorua'' (1)
|passenger steamship
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship
|1910
|1910
|
|
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|-
|-
|''Rotorua'' (2)
|''Rotorua'' (2)
|cargo and passenger steamship
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship
|1910
|1910
|1936 (former ''Shropshire'')
|1936 (former ''Shropshire'')
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|1891
|1891
|
|
|1900
|
|Sold
|
|-
|-
|{{SS|Ruahine||2}} (2)
|{{SS|Ruahine||2}} (2)
|steamship
|refrigerated cargo steamship
|1909
|1909
|
|
|1949
|1949
|re-registered in Italy; scrapped 1957
|Sold to Italian owners; scrapped 1957
|-
|-
|{{MS|Ruahine||2}} (3)
|{{MS|Ruahine||2}} (3)
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|-
|-
|''Ruapehu'' (10)
|''Ruapehu'' (10)
|passenger and refrigerated cargo ship
|efrigerated cargo and passenger ship
|1901
|1901
|
|
|1931
|Sold to be broken up on 5 August 1931
|Sold for scrap 5 August 1931
|
|-
|-
|''Stad Haarlem''
|''Stad Haarlem''
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|1890
|1890
|
|
|1902
|
|Sold
|
|-
|-
|''Tongariro''
|''Tongariro''
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|1883
|1883
|1899
|1899
|Sold to British-India SN Co
|Sold to British India SN Co
|-
|-
|''Tongariro''
|''Turakina'' (1)<ref name=CPNZ/>
|1901
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] and passenger steamship
|1902
|
|
|
|
|1916
|Wrecked on Bull Rock, 30 August 1916<ref name=Times310816a>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=New Zealand liner wrecked. |date=31 August 1916 |page=3 |issue=41260 |column=D}}</ref>
|-
|''Tongariro''
|1925
|
|
|
|1960
|Scrapped
|-
|''Turakina'' (1)<ref name=CPNZ/>
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship
|1902
|
|1917
|Sunk by torpedo in the [[Western Approaches]] by {{SMU|U-86||2}}, 13 August 1917<ref>{{cite web |url= https://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/6162.html |last=Helgason |first=Guðmundur |title=Turakina |work=Uboat.net |accessdate=7 April 2021}}</ref>
|-
|-
|''Turakina'' (2)
|''Turakina'' (2)
Line 371: Line 418:
|1923
|1923
|1940
|1940
|Sunk by shellfire in the [[Tasman Sea]] by the German raider ''Orion'', 20 August 1940<ref>{{cite web |url= https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?59762 |last=Allen |first=Tony |title=SS Turakina (+1940) |work=Wrecksite |date=20 August 2017 |access-date=7 April 2021}}</ref>
|
|-
|-
|''Waikato''<ref name=CPNZ/>
|''Waikato''<ref name=CPNZ/>
Line 377: Line 424:
|1874
|1874
|
|
|1898
|
|Sold
|
|-
|-
|''Waimate''<ref name=CPNZ/>
|''Waimate''<ref name=CPNZ/>
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] and passenger ship
|refrigerated cargo and passenger ship
|1896
|1896
|
|
|1925
|
|Scrapped
|
|-
|-
| ''Waitara''
| ''Waitara''
Line 392: Line 439:
|1873 (former ''Hindustan'')
|1873 (former ''Hindustan'')
|1883
|1883
| Wrecked following a collision with ''Hurunui''<ref name="cman258"/>
| Wrecked following a collision with ''Hurunui''<ref name=cman258/>
|-
|-


|''Wakanui''<ref name=CPNZ/>
|''Wakanui''<ref name=CPNZ/>
|[[Reefer ship|refrigerated cargo]] and passenger steamship
|refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship
|1899
|1899
|
|
|1913
|
|Sold
|
|-
|-
|{{SS|Warrimoo||2}}
|{{SS|Warrimoo||2}}
Line 411: Line 456:
|-
|-
|''Whakatane''<ref name=CPNZ/>
|''Whakatane''<ref name=CPNZ/>
|steamship
|refrigerated cargo steamship
|1900
|1900
|
|
|1924
|
|Sold
|
|-
|-
|}
|}

== House flags ==
<gallery>
New Zealand Shipping Co Flag Blue Letters.svg|[[House flag]]
New Zealand Shipping Co with Pennant.svg|For ships powered by both sail and steam, a flag with an additional pennant was used.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/rmgc-object-314 | title=House flag, New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd &#124; Royal Museums Greenwich }}</ref>
New Zealand Shipping Co Flag Black Letters.svg|Sometimes the company used a flag with black letters.
House flag of the New Zealand Shipping Company.svg|Another flag commonly used in the long history of the company, most often along with other flags. It was originally a flag of the Federal Steam Navigation Company.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/gb~hfne.html#nz | title=British shipping companies (N) }}</ref>
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
*''[[NZ Shipping Co Ltd v A M Satterthwaite & Co Ltd]],'' a leading case on contract law
*''[[NZ Shipping Co Ltd v A M Satterthwaite & Co Ltd]],'' a leading case on contract law
*{{SS|Cambridge|1916|6}}
*{{SS|Cambridge|1916|6}}
*{{ship||Hertford|1920|2}}
*{{SS|Hertford}}
*{{SS|Huntingdon|1920|6}}
*{{SS|Waikato}}
*{{MV|Nottingham|1949|6}}
*{{MV|Nottingham|1949|6}}
*[[Isthmian Steamship Company]]
*[[Isthmian Steamship Company]]
Line 431: Line 486:


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==

*{{cite book |last=Waters |first=Sydney D |year=1939 |title=Clipper Ship to Motor Liner; the story of the New Zealand Shipping Company 1873–1939 |place=London |publisher=The [[New Zealand Shipping Company]] Ltd}}
*{{Cite book |last=Clarkson |first=John |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/35599714 |title=New Zealand and Federal lines |date=1995 |publisher=J. & M. Clarkson |isbn=0-9521179-5-9 |location=Preston, U.K. |oclc=35599714}}

*{{cite book |last=Waters |first=Sydney D |year=1939 |title=Clipper Ship to Motor Liner; the story of the New Zealand Shipping Company 1873–1939 |place=London |publisher=The New Zealand Shipping Company Ltd}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://natlib.govt.nz/records/43067115 1906 poster advertising the Federal-Houlder-Shire Lines]
*[http://www.rms-rangitiki.com/rms_rangitata.htm RMS Rangitata] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708054930/http://www.rms-rangitiki.com/rms_rangitata.htm |date=8 July 2009 }}
*[http://www.rms-rangitiki.com/rms_rangitata.htm RMS Rangitata] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708054930/http://www.rms-rangitiki.com/rms_rangitata.htm |date=8 July 2009 }}
*{{cite web |url= http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/NZSC3.html |last=Boyle |first=Ian |title=New Zealand Shipping Company NZSC Page 3: 1915-1939 |work=Simplon Postcards}}
*{{cite web |url= http://www.simplonpc.co.uk/NZSC3.html |last=Boyle |first=Ian |title=New Zealand Shipping Company NZSC Page 3: 1915–1939 |work=Simplon Postcards}}
*{{cite web |url= http://www.australiatrade.com.au/Shipping/History/Vessels/ |last=Shaw |first=Jeffrey |title=New Zealand Shipping Vessels |work=Australian Trade & Shipping |date=2 November 2013}} – fleet list
*{{cite web |url= http://www.australiatrade.com.au/Shipping/History/Vessels/ |last=Shaw |first=Jeffrey |title=New Zealand Shipping Vessels |work=Australian Trade & Shipping |date=2 November 2013}} – fleet list
{{P&O}}
{{P&O}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:1973 disestablishments in New Zealand]]
[[Category:1973 disestablishments in New Zealand]]

Revision as of 21:15, 8 June 2024

For the law case, see NZ Shipping Co Ltd v A M Satterthwaite & Co Ltd.

New Zealand Shipping Company
IndustryTransport
Founded1873
Defunct1973
SuccessorP&O
Headquarters
London Edit this on Wikidata
,
United Kingdom Edit this on Wikidata
ProductsPassenger and Cargo Shipping
Tongariro in 1883

The New Zealand Shipping Company (NZSC) was a shipping company whose ships ran passenger and cargo services between Great Britain and New Zealand between 1873 and 1973.

A group of Christchurch businessmen[1] founded the company in 1873, similar groups formed in the other main centres, to counter the dominance of the Shaw Savill line controlled from London and the (Scotland-Dunedin) Albion line. There were seven initial directors: John Coster, chairman, George Gould Snr., (father of George Gould), John Thomas Peacock, William Reeves, Robert Heaton Rhodes, John Anderson, and Reginald Cobb (died 1873[2]) representing the New Zealand Loan & Mercantile Agency.[3]

The similar groups of businessmen in Dunedin and Wellington soon joined this Christchurch company followed by the Auckland group. They completed the four-main-centre link in July 1873.[4][5] Hon. John Johnston Wellington, John Logan Campbell Auckland, and Evan Prosser of Dunedin were elected to the main board.[6] A Captain Ashby opened an office off New Broad Street London and chartered two ships carrying 500 government emigrants: Punjaub 883 tons and Adamant 815 tons set to sail for Canterbury on 31 May and 20 June respectively with full cargo.[7] By November 1873 they had purchased two vessels, Hindostan and Dilfillan and chartered eighteen. Two 1,000 ton ships were scheduled to be launched the same month and named Waikato and Waitangi.[6]

The company gradually established a fleet of vessels, using Māori names for each. From 1875 the livery consisted of black hulls, white superstructure and yellow funnels.[8]

In 1882, the company's ships were equipped with refrigeration.[8] and a frozen meat service began from New Zealand to England.

Company policy dictated a stop at Pitcairn Islands, in the Pacific, to break the monotony of the ocean crossing.

Federal Steam Navigation Company

Former New Zealand Shipping Company Building in Napier, still displaying the NZSC logo

In 1894 Allan Hughes bought Money Wigram & Sons and renamed it King Steam Navigation, but changed the name to the Federal Steam Navigation Co Ltd (FSNC) in 1895.[9] Federal-Houlder-Shire Lines was established in 1904 by the merger of FSNC, Houlder Brothers and Company, and the Scottish Shire Line owned by Turnbull, Martin and Company.[10] On 3 January 1912 an agreement was reached whereby the New Zealand Shipping Company absorbed the Federal Steam Navigation Company, which at the time owned ten steamships trading between Australia, New Zealand and the UK.[11] Ships owned in 1912 were Argyllshire, Wiltshire,[12] Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Durham, Essex, Kent, Norfolk, Shropshire (Rotorua from 1923), Somerset, Suffolk, Surrey and Sussex.[13] Federal Steam ships retained their house flag, and continued to be named after English counties, thereby retaining their Federal Steam identity. Federal Steam was registered in England for tax purposes, whereas the New Zealand Shipping Company continued to be registered in New Zealand.

World wars

In the First World War the NZSC lost nine ships from a fleet of 32.[14] In the Second World War it lost 19 ships from a fleet of 36.[citation needed]

Closure

The services of both companies were absorbed into the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O) in 1973 after exactly 100 years of service.[8]

Ships

NZSC operated numerous ships, some purpose built, others acquired from other operators by purchase, lease or charter.

Ship Type Date launched Date acquired Date disposed Fate/ next assignment
Aorangi refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1883 1914 Scrapped 1925
British King cargo and passenger ship 1881 chartered 1882[15] 1884 Scuttled at Port Arthur 1904
Coptic cargo and passenger steamship 1881 chartered 1883 1884 Scrapped 1926
Doric cargo and passenger steamship 1883 chartered 1883 1884 Wrecked 1911
Fenstanton steamship 1882 chartered 1883 1884 Grounded and wrecked
Hurunui (1) cargo and passenger sailing ship 1875 1883 Collided and sank Waitara, 22 June 1883[16]
Hurunui (2) refrigerated cargo steamship 1911 1918 Sunk by torpedo off The Lizard by U-94, 18 May 1918[17]
Hurunui (3) refrigerated cargo steamship 1921 1940 Sunk by torpedo on 15 October 1940 by U-93[18]
Ionic cargo and passenger ship 1883 chartered 1883 1884 Scrapped 1908
Kaikoura (1) cargo and passenger steamship 1884 1899 Sold to British India SN Co
Kaikoura (2)[19] refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1903 1926 Sold
Kaipara[19] refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1903 1914 Stopped and sunk by SMS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse, 16 August 1914[20]
Mataura (1) barque 1868 1874 (former Dunfinnan) 1894 Sold and renamed Alida. Wrecked 1900[19]
Mataura (2)[19] refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1896 1898 Wrecked in the Strait of Magellan 12 January 1898[21]
Opawa refrigerated cargo motor ship 1931 1942 Sunk by U-106, 6 February 1942[22]
Orari refrigerated cargo motor ship 1931 1958 Sold to Italy and renamed Capo Bianco[23]
Otaio refrigerated cargo motor ship 1930 1941 Sunk by U-558, 28 August 1941[24]
Otaki (1) sailing ship 1875 1896 Sold and renamed Dr. Siegert
Otaki (2) refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1908 1917 Sunk by the German raider SMS Möwe 10 March 1917
Otaki (3) refrigerated cargo steamship 1919 1934 Sold to Clan Line and renamed Clan Robertson
Otaki (4) refrigerated cargo motor ship 1953 1967 Transferred to Federal Steam Navigation Co
Otorama[19] steamship 1890 former Sea King 1902 Sold
Papanui[19] steamship 1898 1909 Sold
Paparoa[19] refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1899 17 March 1926 caught fire in the South Atlantic, scuttled by HMS Birmingham[25]
Piako (1) clipper 1877 Sold, lost 1900[19]
Piako (2) refrigerated cargo steamship 1920 1920 (former War Orestes) 1941 Sunk by torpedo on 18 May 1941 by U-107
Piako (3) refrigerated cargo and passenger ship 1961 1962 1979 Sold to Blue Ocean Compania Maritima SA. Scrapped 1984
Rakaia cargo and passenger motor ship 1944 1946 (former Empire Abercorn) 1971 Scrapped
Rakanoa[citation needed]
Rangitane (1) passenger motor ship 1929 1929 1940 Sunk by shellfire by the German raiders Orion and Komet, 26 November 1940[26]
Rangitane (2) passenger motor ship 1949 1949 May 1968 Sold to CY Tung, Scrapped Taiwan, 1976
RMS Rangitata passenger motor ship 26 March 1929 1929 1962 Scrapped
RMS Rangitiki passenger motor ship 1929 1929 1962 Scrapped
Rangitoto passenger motor ship 1949 1949 1969 Sold to CY Tung, Scrapped Hong Kong, 1976
Remuera (1) passenger steamship 1911 1940 Sunk by aerial torpedo 26 August 1940
Remuera (2) steam cargo and passenger steamship 1947 1961 (former Parthia) 1964 Sold to Eastern & Australia Steamship Company.[27]
Rimutaka (1)[19] steamship 1884 1900 Sold to British India SN Co
Rimutaka (2) refrigerated cargo and passenger ship 1901 1930 Scrapped
Rimutaka (3) refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1922 1938 (former Mongolia) 1950 Sold to Incres Shipping Company
Rotorua (1) refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1910 1917 Sunk by torpedo on 22 March 1917 by SM UC-17
Rotorua (2) refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1910 1936 (former Shropshire) 1940 Sunk by torpedo on 11 December 1940 by U-96[28]
Ruahine (1) steamship 1891 1900 Sold
Ruahine (2) refrigerated cargo steamship 1909 1949 Sold to Italian owners; scrapped 1957
Ruahine (3) passenger motor ship 1951 1968 re-registered in Hong Kong; scrapped 1974
Ruapehu (10) efrigerated cargo and passenger ship 1901 1931 Sold for scrap 5 August 1931
Stad Haarlem cargo and passenger ship 1875 leased 1879
Tekoa[19] steamship 1890 1902 Sold
Tongariro passenger and cargo steamship 1883 1883 1899 Sold to British India SN Co
Tongariro 1901 1916 Wrecked on Bull Rock, 30 August 1916[29]
Tongariro 1925 1960 Scrapped
Turakina (1)[19] refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1902 1917 Sunk by torpedo in the Western Approaches by U-86, 13 August 1917[30]
Turakina (2) steamship 1923 1923 1940 Sunk by shellfire in the Tasman Sea by the German raider Orion, 20 August 1940[31]
Waikato[19] sailing ship 1874 1898 Sold
Waimate[19] refrigerated cargo and passenger ship 1896 1925 Scrapped
Waitara cargo and passenger sailing ship 1863 1873 (former Hindustan) 1883 Wrecked following a collision with Hurunui[16]
Wakanui[19] refrigerated cargo and passenger steamship 1899 1913 Sold
Warrimoo passenger steamship 1892 1899 1901 Sold to Union Steam Ship Co
Whakatane[19] refrigerated cargo steamship 1900 1924 Sold

House flags

  • House flag
    House flag
  • For ships powered by both sail and steam, a flag with an additional pennant was used.[32]
    For ships powered by both sail and steam, a flag with an additional pennant was used.[32]
  • Sometimes the company used a flag with black letters.
    Sometimes the company used a flag with black letters.
  • Another flag commonly used in the long history of the company, most often along with other flags. It was originally a flag of the Federal Steam Navigation Company.[33]
    Another flag commonly used in the long history of the company, most often along with other flags. It was originally a flag of the Federal Steam Navigation Company.[33]

See also

References

  1. ^ News of the Day The Press, 21 November 1872 Page 3
  2. ^ News of the Day. The Press, 4 September 1873 Page 2
  3. ^ "Commercial". Lyttelton Times. Vol. XXXIX, no. 3748. 25 January 1873. p. 2. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  4. ^ New Zealand Freight Company Limited Auckland Star 4 July 1873 Page 2
  5. ^ The South New Zealand Herald 12 August 1873 Page 3
  6. ^ a b The Press 11 November 1873 Page 2
  7. ^ Shipping New Zealand Herald, 14 July 1873 Page 2
  8. ^ a b c "M V Rangitata". Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
  9. ^ "Federal Steam Navigation Co - Graces Guide". www.gracesguide.co.uk. 26 September 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  10. ^ "F-H-S Lines". natlib.govt.nz. 1906. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
  11. ^ Waters 1939, p. 59.
  12. ^ "THE WILTSHIRE". Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate. 29 April 1912. Retrieved 22 November 2023.
  13. ^ "Federal Company's fleet. Press". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 5 January 1912. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  14. ^ Waters 1939, p. 68.
  15. ^ "'". Otago Daily Times. No. 6577. 14 March 1883. p. 4.
  16. ^ a b "Collision And Loss Of 27 Lives". The Cornishman. No. 258. 28 June 1883.
  17. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Hurunui". Uboat.net. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  18. ^ "Hurunui". uboat.net. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Cyclopaedia of New Zealand. 1906.
  20. ^ "British Merchant Ships Lost to Enemy Action: Part 1 of 3 – Years 1914, 1915, 1916 in date order". World War 1 at Sea. Naval History. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  21. ^ "'". The Press. Canterbury, NZ. 29 January 1898.
  22. ^ "Opawa". uboat.net. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
  23. ^ "Orari". uboat.net. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  24. ^ "Otaio". uboat.net. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  25. ^ Chipchase, Nick; Allen, Tony (5 February 2020). "SS Paparoa (+1926)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  26. ^ Allen, Tony; Vleggeert, Nico (28 October 2015). "MV Rangitane (+1940)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  27. ^ Mills, Elspeth (2004). The Fleet 1840–2010. ISBN 978-0-9542451-8-4.[page needed]
  28. ^ Green, Roger M (15 October 2014). "Loss of the SS Rotorua – 11 Dec 1940". WW2 People's War.
  29. ^ "New Zealand liner wrecked". The Times. No. 41260. London. 31 August 1916. col D, p. 3.
  30. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Turakina". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  31. ^ Allen, Tony (20 August 2017). "SS Turakina (+1940)". Wrecksite. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  32. ^ "House flag, New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd | Royal Museums Greenwich".
  33. ^ "British shipping companies (N)".

Bibliography

  • Waters, Sydney D (1939). Clipper Ship to Motor Liner; the story of the New Zealand Shipping Company 1873–1939. London: The New Zealand Shipping Company Ltd.
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