Bell 222/230: Difference between revisions

Bell 222/230
	A Bell 222U
Role	Executive/utility helicopter
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Bell Helicopter
First flight	13 August 1976
Introduction	Bell 222: 1979; Bell 230: 1991
Produced	Bell 222: 1980–1991 ; Bell 230: 1992–1995
Number built	Bell 222: 199 ; Bell 230: 38
Variants	Bell 430
Developed into	Bell D-292

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The Bell 222 is an American twin-engine light helicopter built by Bell Helicopter. The Bell 230 is an improved development with different engines and other minor changes.

Development

Origins

In the late 1960s, Bell began designing a new twin-turbine engine light helicopter. A mockup of the new helicopter was displayed in January 1974 at a helicopter convention.^[2] Following interest at the convention, the company announced the new Bell 222.^[3] It was the first light commercial twin-turbine helicopter developed in the United States.^[4]

The Bell 222 incorporated a number of advanced features, including dual hydraulic and electrical systems, sponsons housing the retractable landing gear, and the Noda Matic vibration reduction system developed for the Bell 214ST.^[1]

Manufacturing began in 1975.^[2] The Model 222 first flew on August 13, 1976. It received certification from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on August 16, 1979 and was approved for visual flight rules (VFR) use on December 20, 1979. Helicopter deliveries began on January 16, 1980. The FAA approved the 222 for single-pilot instrument flight rules (IFR) operation on May 15, 1980.^[5]

Improved versions

The more powerful Bell 222B was introduced in 1982 with a larger diameter main rotor. The 222B-based Bell 222UT Utility Twin, with skid landing gear, was introduced in 1983.^[1]

A development of the 222 is the Bell 230, with the 222's LTS 101 engines replaced by two Allison 250 turboshaft engines, plus other refinements. A converted 222 first flew as the prototype 230 on August 12, 1991. Transport Canada awarded certification in March 1992, and the first production 230 was delivered that November. The 230 had optional skid or wheel undercarriage. Production ended in 1995 with 38 having been built, being replaced in Bell's lineup by the stretched, more powerful Bell 430.^[1]

Design

The design includes two main rotor blades of stainless-steel-fiberglass construction and rotor hub with elastomeric bearings, which are lubricant free.^[4] Its cabin holds a maximum of ten persons with one-two pilots and eight to nine passengers. Seating configurations include standard seating for a pilot and seven passengers; or executive seating with one to two pilots and seating for five to six.^[4] The Bell 222 and 230 are usually flown single-pilot (optional dual controls are available), and can be configured for corporate/executive, EMS or utility transport missions.^[1]

The Bell 222 is powered by twin Lycoming/Honeywell LTS101-650 turboshaft engines, rated at 592 shp each.^[5] Later 222 versions feature more powerful engines. Engine output is at 100% of rating at 9598 RPM. Two independent driveshafts deliver power from the engines to the transmission. The Bell 222's LTS101 engine exhaust stacks are located at the rear of the engines, while the 230's Allison engine exhaust stacks are located high on the cowling. Fuel is stored in three tanks, one in the fuselage and one in each sponson. The main rear landing gear retracts into the sponsons.^[2]

The Bell 222's rotor systems include:

Two-blade, semi-rigid high-kinetic energy main rotor with preconing and underslinging. The rotor head incorporates elastomeric bearings for hub springs, and flapping and pitch change bearings. The system is similar in design to that used by the AH-1 Cobra. Rotor speed at 100% engine speed is 348 RPM.
All series models incorporate a pusher-type two-bladed tail rotor mounted on the left side of the tailboom, turning at 3396 RPM.

Variants

Bell 222: The original Model 222, sometimes unofficially called a Bell 222A to distinguish it from the Bell 222B. It was powered by two (618 hp takeoff rated, 591 hp max continuous rated) Honeywell (formerly Lycoming) LTS101-650C-3 turboshafts.
Bell 222B: In 1982 the 222 was given a power upgrade (two Honeywell (formerly Lycoming) LTS101-750Cs with takeoff rating of 680 hp each), a larger main rotor, and was renamed the Bell 222B.
Bell 222B Executive: This model had improved systems and a luxury interior.

Bell 222UT: A 222B variant with skids, introduced in 1983. The lack of retractable landing gear allowed for larger auxiliary fuel tanks.

Bell D-292: The Advanced Composite Airframe Program (ACAP) was a 1985 all-composite LHX proof-of-concept project. The Bell D-292 used the Avco Lycoming engines, transmission, two-bladed main and tail rotors, tailboom, vertical fin, and rotor pylon of the 222. The D-292 had a new composite airframe.

Bell 230: In 1991, the 222B design was updated, given more uprated engines, and renamed the Bell 230. Production ended in 1995.
Bell 230 Executive: Executive transport version.
Bell 230 Utility: Utility transport version.
Bell 230 EMS: Air ambulance version, equipped with one or two stretchers.

Bell 222SP: During the 1990s, some Bell 222s were modified with the 222B's engines and 230's Allison 250-C30G engines for improved single engine (engine-out) performance, and redesignated as 222SPs.^[6]

Bell 430: In 1995 the Bell 430, a stretched 230 (adding another seating row), was launched, with uprated engines and a four-blade main rotor.

Operators

The Bell 222 has seen service with a large number of civil operators, but only limited military service.

Albania

Albtransport (crashed in 2006)^[7]^[8]

Chile

Chilean Navy

Ecuador for evaluations in 1994 only^[9]

Ecuadorian Navy^[10]

Jamaica

JDF Air Wing^[11]

United States

Mercy Air^[12]

Specifications

Model	222	222B	222U	230
Announced	1974	1982	1982	1990
First Flight	August 13, 1976	1982	1983	August 12, 1991
Certified	December 1979	August 1982	April 1983	March 1992
Delivered	1980	1982	1983	November 1992
Seats	Front: pilot + one. Main: four–six (depending on seat types) Maximum ten (pilot and nine passengers)^[13]
Height	11 ft 8 in (3.56 m)		12 ft 2 in (3.71 m)	11 ft 8 in (3.56 m)
Fuselage length	42 ft 2 in (12.85 m)^[14]		42 ft 11 in (12.78 m)	42 ft 3 in (12.88 m)
Rotor diameter	39 ft 9 in (12.12 m)^[15]	42 ft (12.80 m)
Length overall	49 ft 6 in (15.1 m)	50 ft 3 in (15.32 m)
Engine (2x)	Lycoming LTS101-650C-3	Lycoming LTS101-750C		Rolls-Royce 250-C30G/2
Power (2x)	620 shp (462 kW)^[15]	684 shp (510 kW)^[14]		700 hp (520 kW)
Max speed	133 kn (153 mph; 246 km/h)^[15] (cruise)	135 kt (155 mph, 250 km/h)		140 kt (161 mph, 260 km/h)
Climb rate	1,600 ft/min (8.1 m/s)^[15]	1,730 ft/min (8.79 m/s)		~1,600 ft/min (8.13 m/s)
Service ceiling	20,000 ft (6,100 m)^[15]	15,800 ft (4,816 m)		15,500 ft (4,724 m)
Hover ceiling	4,200 ft (1,300 m)^[15]	10,300 ft (3,139 m)		12,400 ft (3,780 m)
Fuel capacity	188+48 US gal (710+182 L)		188+122 US gal (710+460 L)	188+ US gal (710+ L)
Range	282 nmi (325 mi; 522 km)^[15]	378 nmi (434 mi, 700 km)	486 nmi (559 mi, 900 km)	378 nmi (434 mi, 700 km)
Empty weight	4,860 lb (2,200 kg)^[15]	4,577 lb (2,076 kg)	4,537 lb (2,058 kg)	5,097 lb (2,312 kg)
Maximum takeoff weight	8,100 lb (3,670 kg)^[15] (external load)	8,250 lb (3,742 kg)		8,400 lb (3,810 kg)

Sources: Airliners.net,^[16] Helicopterdirect,^[17] others^[18]^[19]

Notable appearances in media

The Bell 222 is widely known from the television series Airwolf, where a modified 222A was featured.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Frawley, Gerard, The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004, Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2003, ISBN 1-875671-58-7
^ ^a ^b ^c Apostolo, Giorgio. "Bell Model 222". The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Helicopters. New York: Bonanza Books. 1984. ISBN 978-0-517-43935-7.
^ Frawley, Gerard, "Bell 222 & 230", The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004, p. 46, Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2003, ISBN 1-875671-58-7
^ ^a ^b ^c Donald, David, ed. "Bell Model 222". The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Barnes & Nobel Books, 1997. ISBN 0-7607-0592-5.
^ ^a ^b Pelletier, Alain J. Bell Aircraft Since 1935. US Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN 1-55750-056-8.
^ "Bell 222". Jane's Helicopter Markets and Systems. Jane's Information Group, 2009. (subscription article)^{[permanent dead link]}.
^ "Albanian Govt. Bell 222UT AL-HOV". helis.com. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
^ "Albania - Government / Bell 222UT". Demand media. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
^ https://www.helis.com/database/cn/12045/
^ "World Air Forces 2011/12" (PDF). flightglobal.com. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
^ "Bell 222UT | Jamaican Defence Force". 17 April 2016.
^ "Mercy Air". helis.com. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
^ FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet^{[permanent dead link]}
^ ^a ^b Taylor 1988, pp. 346–347
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Taylor 1982, p. 312
^ Bell 222 & 230 page on airliner.net
^ Bell helicopter technical data, helicopterdirect.com
^ Bell 222 technical data on airwolf.tv-series.com Archived 2007-12-27 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Helicopters - Manufacturers and Models of Helicopters A - BEL". aircraftone.com. Archived from the original on 20 June 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016.

Bibliography

Elliott, Bryn (May–June 1999). "On the Beat: The First 60 Years of Britain's Air Police, Part Two". Air Enthusiast (81): 64–69. ISSN 0143-5450.

Bell 222/230 Field Maintenance Training Manual
Bell 222U Rotorcraft Flight Manual
Taylor, John W. R., ed. (1982). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982–83. London: Jane's Yearbooks. ISBN 0-7106-0748-2.
Taylor, John W. R., ed. (1988). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988–89. London: Jane's Defence Data. ISBN 0-7106-0867-5.

External links

Airliners.net: Bell 222 & 230
RTH.info: Bell 222 in aeromedical services (in English and German)
FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet^{[permanent dead link]}

[Frawley_Civil-1] Frawley, Gerard, The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004, Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2003, ISBN 1-875671-58-7

[Apostolo-2] Apostolo, Giorgio. "Bell Model 222". The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Helicopters. New York: Bonanza Books. 1984. ISBN 978-0-517-43935-7.

[Frawley_Civil2-3] Frawley, Gerard, "Bell 222 & 230", The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004, p. 46, Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2003, ISBN 1-875671-58-7

[Donald-4] Donald, David, ed. "Bell Model 222". The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. Barnes & Nobel Books, 1997. ISBN 0-7607-0592-5.

[Pelletier-5] Pelletier, Alain J. Bell Aircraft Since 1935. US Naval Institute Press, 1992. ISBN 1-55750-056-8.

[JHMS_Bell_222-6] "Bell 222". Jane's Helicopter Markets and Systems. Jane's Information Group, 2009. (subscription article)^{[permanent dead link]}.

[7] "Albanian Govt. Bell 222UT AL-HOV". helis.com. Retrieved 15 January 2013.

[8] "Albania - Government / Bell 222UT". Demand media. Retrieved 15 January 2013.

[9] ttps://www.helis.com/database/cn/12045/

[10] "World Air Forces 2011/12" (PDF). flightglobal.com. Retrieved 4 August 2018.

[11] "Bell 222UT | Jamaican Defence Force". 17 April 2016.

[12] "Mercy Air". helis.com. Retrieved 14 August 2018.

[tcds-13] FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet^{[permanent dead link]}

[jawa88p346-7-14] Taylor 1988, pp. 346–347

[jawa82p312-15] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Taylor 1982, p. 312

[16] Bell 222 & 230 page on airliner.net

[17] Bell helicopter technical data, helicopterdirect.com

[18] Bell 222 technical data on airwolf.tv-series.com Archived 2007-12-27 at the Wayback Machine

[19] "Helicopters - Manufacturers and Models of Helicopters A - BEL". aircraftone.com. Archived from the original on 20 June 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{short description|Family of utility helicopters}}
 <!-- This article is a part of [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Aircraft/page content]] for recommended layout, and guidelines. -->
 {|{{Infobox aircraft begin
  |name= Bell 222/230
  |image= File:Bell 222 Lifelink.jpg
- |caption= A Bell 222
+ |caption= A Bell 222U
 }}{{Infobox aircraft type
  |type= Executive/utility helicopter
@@ Line 29: / Line 30: @@
 ===Origins===
-In the late 1960s, Bell began designing a new twin-turbine engine light helicopter.  A mockup of the new helicopter was displayed in January 1974 at a helicopter convention.<ref name=Apostolo>Apostolo, Giorgio. "Bell Model 222". ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Helicopters''. New York: Bonanza Books. 1984. {{ISBN|978-0-517-43935-7}}.</ref>  Following interest at the convention the company announced the new ''Bell 222''.<ref name="Frawley Civil2">Frawley, Gerard, "Bell 222 & 230", ''The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004'', p. 46, Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2003, {{ISBN|1-875671-58-7}}</ref> It was the first light commercial twin-turbine helicopter developed in the United States.<ref name=Donald>Donald, David, ed. "Bell Model 222". ''The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft''. Barnes & Nobel Books, 1997. {{ISBN|0-7607-0592-5}}.</ref>
+In the late 1960s, Bell began designing a new twin-turbine engine light helicopter.  A mockup of the new helicopter was displayed in January 1974 at a helicopter convention.<ref name=Apostolo>Apostolo, Giorgio. "Bell Model 222". ''The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Helicopters''. New York: Bonanza Books. 1984. {{ISBN|978-0-517-43935-7}}.</ref>  Following interest at the convention, the company announced the new ''Bell 222''.<ref name="Frawley Civil2">Frawley, Gerard, "Bell 222 & 230", ''The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003-2004'', p. 46, Aerospace Publications Pty Ltd, 2003, {{ISBN|1-875671-58-7}}</ref> It was the first light commercial twin-turbine helicopter developed in the United States.<ref name=Donald>Donald, David, ed. "Bell Model 222". ''The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft''. Barnes & Nobel Books, 1997. {{ISBN|0-7607-0592-5}}.</ref>
-The Bell 222 incorporated a number of advanced features including dual hydraulic and electrical systems, sponsons housing the retractable landing gear, and the Noda Matic vibration reduction system developed for the Bell 214ST.<ref name="Frawley Civil"/>
+The Bell 222 incorporated a number of advanced features, including dual hydraulic and electrical systems, [[sponson]]s housing the retractable [[landing gear]], and the Noda Matic vibration reduction system developed for the [[Bell 214ST]].<ref name="Frawley Civil"/>
 Manufacturing began in 1975.<ref name=Apostolo/> The Model 222 first flew on August 13, 1976.  It received certification from the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] (FAA) on August 16, 1979 and was approved for [[visual flight rules]] (VFR) use on December 20, 1979.  Helicopter deliveries began on January 16, 1980.  The FAA approved the 222 for single-pilot [[instrument flight rules]] (IFR) operation on May 15, 1980.<ref name=Pelletier>Pelletier, Alain J. ''Bell Aircraft Since 1935''. US Naval Institute Press, 1992. {{ISBN|1-55750-056-8}}.</ref>
-[[File:Bell 222U.jpg|thumb|left|A Bell 222U]]
+[[File:Bell 222B AN0633908.jpg|thumb|left|A Bell 222B]]
 ===Improved versions===
 The more powerful ''Bell 222B'' was introduced in 1982 with a larger diameter main rotor. The 222B-based ''Bell 222UT'' Utility Twin, with skid landing gear, was introduced in 1983.<ref name="Frawley Civil"/>
-A development of the 222 is the ''Bell 230'', with the 222's LTS 101 engines replaced by two Allison 250 turboshafts, plus other refinements.  A converted 222 first flew as the prototype 230 on August 12, 1991. Transport Canada awarded certification in March 1992, and the first production 230 was delivered that November. The 230 had optional skid or wheel undercarriage. Production ended in 1995 with 38 having been built, being replaced in Bell's lineup by the stretched, more powerful [[Bell 430]].<ref name="Frawley Civil"/>
+A development of the 222 is the ''Bell 230'', with the 222's LTS 101 engines replaced by two [[Allison Model 250|Allison 250]] turboshaft engines, plus other refinements.  A converted 222 first flew as the prototype 230 on August 12, 1991. Transport Canada awarded certification in March 1992, and the first production 230 was delivered that November. The 230 had optional skid or wheel undercarriage. Production ended in 1995 with 38 having been built, being replaced in Bell's lineup by the stretched, more powerful [[Bell 430]].<ref name="Frawley Civil"/>
 ==Design==
-[[File:Lts101-750 bht222U aradecki.jpg|thumb|right|LTS 101-750 engine installation (left engine) in a 222U]]
+[[File:Lts101-750 bht222U aradecki.jpg|thumb|left|LTS 101-750 engine installation (left engine) in a 222U]]
-The design includes two main rotor blades of stainless-steel-fiberglass construction and rotor hub with elastomeric bearings, which are lubricant free.<ref name=Donald/>  Its cabin holds a maximum of ten persons with one-two pilots and eight-nine passengers.  Seating configurations include standard seating for a pilot and seven passengers; or executive seating with one-two pilots and seating for five-six.<ref name=Donald/>  The Bell 222 and 230 are usually flown single-pilot (optional dual controls are available), and can be configured for corporate/executive, EMS or utility transport missions.<ref name="Frawley Civil"/>
+The design includes two main rotor blades of stainless-steel-fiberglass construction and rotor hub with [[Elastomer|elastomeric]] bearings, which are lubricant free.<ref name=Donald/>  Its cabin holds a maximum of ten persons with one-two pilots and eight to nine passengers.  Seating configurations include standard seating for a pilot and seven passengers; or executive seating with one to two pilots and seating for five to six.<ref name=Donald/>  The Bell 222 and 230 are usually flown single-pilot (optional dual controls are available), and can be configured for corporate/executive, EMS or utility transport missions.<ref name="Frawley Civil"/>
-The Bell 222 is powered by twin [[Lycoming LTS101|Lycoming/Honeywell LTS101-650]] turboshaft engines, rated at 592 shp each.<ref name=Pelletier/>  Later 222 versions feature more powerful engines.  Engine output is at 100% of rating at 9598 RPM. Two independent driveshafts deliver power from the engines to the transmission.  The Bell 222's LTS engine exhaust stacks are located at the rear of the engines, while the 230's Allison engine exhaust stacks are located high on the cowling.  Fuel is stored in three tanks, one in the fuselage and one in each [[sponson]].  The main rear landing gear retracts into the sponsons.<ref name=Apostolo/>
+The Bell 222 is powered by twin [[Lycoming LTS101|Lycoming/Honeywell LTS101-650]] turboshaft engines, rated at 592 shp each.<ref name=Pelletier/>  Later 222 versions feature more powerful engines.  Engine output is at 100% of rating at 9598 RPM. Two independent driveshafts deliver power from the engines to the transmission.  The Bell 222's LTS101 engine exhaust stacks are located at the rear of the engines, while the 230's Allison engine exhaust stacks are located high on the cowling. Fuel is stored in three tanks, one in the fuselage and one in each [[sponson]]. The main rear landing gear retracts into the sponsons.<ref name=Apostolo/>
 The Bell 222's rotor systems include:
-* Two-blade, semi-rigid high-kinetic energy main rotor with preconing and underslinging. The rotor head incorporates elastomeric bearings for hub springs, and flapping and pitch change bearings. The system is similar in design to that used by the AH-1 Cobra. Rotor speed at 100% engine speed is 348 RPM.
+* Two-blade, semi-rigid high-kinetic energy main rotor with preconing and underslinging. The rotor head incorporates elastomeric bearings for hub springs, and flapping and pitch change bearings. The system is similar in design to that used by the [[Bell AH-1 Cobra|AH-1 Cobra]]. Rotor speed at 100% engine speed is 348 RPM.
 * All series models incorporate a [[Pusher configuration|pusher]]-type two-bladed tail rotor mounted on the left side of the tailboom, turning at 3396 RPM.
 ==Variants==
+[[File:Bht222U rotorhead aradecki.jpg|thumb|Bell 222U rotor head and flight controls]]
-;Bell 222 : The original Model 222, sometimes unofficially called a ''Bell 222A'' to distinguish it from the Bell 222B. It was powered by two (618&nbsp;hp takeoff rated, 591&nbsp;hp max continuous rated) [[Honeywell]] (formerly Lycoming) [[Honeywell LTS101|LTS-101-650C-3]] [[turboshaft]]s.
+;Bell 222: The original Model 222, sometimes unofficially called a ''Bell 222A'' to distinguish it from the Bell 222B. It was powered by two (618&nbsp;hp takeoff rated, 591&nbsp;hp max continuous rated) [[Honeywell]] (formerly Lycoming) [[Lycoming LTS101|LTS101-650C-3]] [[turboshaft]]s.
-;Bell 222B : In 1982 the 222 was given a power upgrade (two Honeywell (formerly Lycoming) LTS-101-750Cs with takeoff rating of 680&nbsp;hp each), a larger main rotor, and was renamed the Bell 222B.
+;Bell 222B: In 1982 the 222 was given a power upgrade (two Honeywell (formerly Lycoming) LTS101-750Cs with takeoff rating of 680&nbsp;hp each), a larger main rotor, and was renamed the Bell 222B.
-;Bell 222B Executive : This model had improved systems and a luxury interior.
+;Bell 222B Executive: This model had improved systems and a luxury interior.
+;Bell 222UT: A 222B variant with skids, introduced in 1983. The lack of retractable landing gear allowed for larger auxiliary fuel tanks.
-[[File:Bht222U rotorhead aradecki.jpg|thumb|right|Bell 222U rotor head and flight controls]]
-;Bell 222UT : A 222B variant with skids, introduced in 1983. The lack of retractable landing gear allowed for larger auxiliary fuel tanks.
-;[[Bell D-292]] : The Advanced Composite Airframe Program (ACAP) was a 1985 all-composite LHX proof-of-concept project. The Bell D-292 used the Avco Lycoming engines, transmission, two-bladed main and tail rotors, tailboom, vertical fin, and rotor pylon of the 222. The D-292 had a new composite airframe.
+;[[Bell D-292]]: The Advanced Composite Airframe Program (ACAP) was a 1985 all-composite [[Light Helicopter Experimental|LHX]] proof-of-concept project. The Bell D-292 used the Avco Lycoming engines, transmission, two-bladed main and tail rotors, tailboom, vertical fin, and rotor pylon of the 222. The D-292 had a new composite airframe.
-;Bell 230 : In 1991 the 222B design was updated, given more powerful engine versions, and renamed the Bell 230. Production ended in 1995.
+;Bell 230: In 1991, the 222B design was updated, given more uprated engines, and renamed the Bell 230. Production ended in 1995.
 ;Bell 230 Executive: Executive transport version.
 ;Bell 230 Utility: Utility transport version.
 ;Bell 230 EMS: Air ambulance version, equipped with one or two stretchers.
-;Bell 222SP : During the 1990s, some Bell 222s were modified with the 222B's engines and 230's Allison 250-C30G engines for improved single engine (engine-out) performance, and redesignated as 222SPs.<ref name=JHMS_Bell_222>"Bell 222". ''Jane's Helicopter Markets and Systems''. Jane's Information Group, 2009. [http://search.janes.com/Search/documentView.do?docId=/content1/janesdata/binder/jhms/jhms4993.htm@current&pageSelected=allJanes&keyword=Bell%20222&backPath=http://search.janes.com/Search&Prod_Name=JHMS& (subscription article)]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref>
+;Bell 222SP: During the 1990s, some Bell 222s were modified with the 222B's engines and 230's Allison 250-C30G engines for improved single engine (engine-out) performance, and redesignated as 222SPs.<ref name=JHMS_Bell_222>"Bell 222". ''Jane's Helicopter Markets and Systems''. Jane's Information Group, 2009. [http://search.janes.com/Search/documentView.do?docId=/content1/janesdata/binder/jhms/jhms4993.htm@current&pageSelected=allJanes&keyword=Bell%20222&backPath=http://search.janes.com/Search&Prod_Name=JHMS& (subscription article)]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}.</ref>
-;[[Bell 430]] : In 1995 the Bell 430, a stretched 230 (adding another seating row), was launched, with more powerful engines and a four-blade main rotor.
+;[[Bell 430]]: In 1995 the Bell 430, a stretched 230 (adding another seating row), was launched, with uprated engines and a four-blade main rotor.
 ==Operators==
-[[File:Bell 230 (N830SF) - 1.JPG|thumb|right|Bell 222 of Rotor-Lift Aviation at Agfest 2010]]
+[[File:Bell 230 (N830SF) - 1.JPG|thumb|Bell 230 of Rotor-Lift Aviation at Agfest 2010]]
+[[File:Bell 230 N230CH Chilean Navy.jpg|thumb|Bell 230 in markings of the Chilean Navy]]
 The Bell 222 has seen service with a large number of civil operators, but only limited military service.
 ;{{ALB}}
-*[[Albania|Government of Albania]] (crashed in 2006)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helis.com/database/cn/28710/ |title= Albanian Govt. Bell 222UT AL-HOV |publisher= helis.com|date=|accessdate=15 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airliners.net/photo/Albania---Government/Bell-222UT/0677103/L/ |title=Albania - Government / Bell 222UT|publisher=Demand media|date=|accessdate=15 January 2013}}</ref>
+*[[Albtransport]] (crashed in 2006)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helis.com/database/cn/28710/ |title= Albanian Govt. Bell 222UT AL-HOV |publisher= helis.com|access-date=15 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airliners.net/photo/Albania---Government/Bell-222UT/0677103/L/ |title=Albania - Government / Bell 222UT|publisher=Demand media|access-date=15 January 2013}}</ref>
-;{{ECU}}
+;{{CHL}}
+*[[Chilean Navy]]
-*[[Ecuadorian Navy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dgaa.it/newsletter/newsletter61/Report.pdf |title= World Air Forces 2011/12|publisher= flightglobal.com |date=|accessdate=4 August 2018}}</ref>
+;{{ECU}} for evaluations in 1994 only<ref> https://www.helis.com/database/cn/12045/</ref>
+*[[Ecuadorian Navy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dgaa.it/newsletter/newsletter61/Report.pdf |title= World Air Forces 2011/12|publisher= flightglobal.com |access-date=4 August 2018}}</ref>
+;{{JAM}}
+*[[JDF Air Wing]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/user/fleet/jamaica-df-bell-222ut.htm |title = Bell 222UT &#124; Jamaican Defence Force| date=17 April 2016 }}</ref>
 ;{{USA}}
-*[[Air Methods|Mercy Air]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/3082/ |title=Mercy Air |publisher= helis.com |date=|accessdate=14 August 2018}}</ref>
+*[[Air Methods|Mercy Air]]<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.helis.com/database/modelorg/3082/ |title=Mercy Air |publisher= helis.com |access-date=14 August 2018}}</ref>
 ==Specifications==
-[[File:Bell 222 orthographical image.svg|right|350px]]
+[[File:Bell 222 orthographical image.svg|thumb|Bell 222 3-view drawing]]
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
@@ Line 96: / Line 102: @@
 ! 230
 |-
-| Announced     || 1974          || 1982        || 1982       || 1990
+| Announced || 1974 || 1982 || 1982 || 1990
 |-
-| First Flight  || August 13, 1976 || 1982 || 1983    || August 12, 1991
+| First Flight || August 13, 1976 || 1982 || 1983 || August 12, 1991
 |-
-| Certified     || December 1979 || August 1982 || April 1983 || March 1992
+| Certified || December 1979 || August 1982 || April 1983 || March 1992
 |-
-| Delivered     || 1980          || 1982        || 1983       || November 1992
+| Delivered || 1980 || 1982 || 1983 || November 1992
 |-
-| Seats  || colspan="4" | Front: pilot + one. &nbsp; Main: four–six (depending on seat types)<br>Maximum ten (pilot and nine passengers)<ref name="tcds">[http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library%5CrgMakeModel.nsf/0/416B88A02BD027BD8625743B0058DEA6/$FILE/H9sw.pdf FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
+| Seats || colspan="4" | Front: pilot + one. &nbsp; Main: four–six (depending on seat types)<br>Maximum ten (pilot and nine passengers)<ref name="tcds">[http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library%5CrgMakeModel.nsf/0/416B88A02BD027BD8625743B0058DEA6/$FILE/H9sw.pdf FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
 |-
-| Height  ||colspan="2"| 11&nbsp;ft 8 in (3.56 m) || 12&nbsp;ft 2 in (3.71 m) || 11&nbsp;ft 8 in (3.56 m)
+| Height ||colspan="2"| 11&nbsp;ft 8 in (3.56 m) || 12&nbsp;ft 2 in (3.71 m) || 11&nbsp;ft 8 in (3.56 m)
 |-
-| Fuselage length  ||colspan="2"| {{convert|42|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa88p346-7"/> || 42&nbsp;ft 11 in (12.78 m)  || 42&nbsp;ft 3 in (12.88 m)
+| Fuselage length ||colspan="2"| {{convert|42|ft|2|in|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa88p346-7"/> || 42&nbsp;ft 11 in (12.78 m) || 42&nbsp;ft 3 in (12.88 m)
 |-
-| Rotor diameter  || {{convert|39|ft|9|in|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312">{{Harvnb|Taylor|1982|p=312}}</ref> || colspan="3" | 42&nbsp;ft (12.80 m)
+| Rotor diameter || {{convert|39|ft|9|in|m|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312">{{Harvnb|Taylor|1982|p=312}}</ref> || colspan="3" | 42&nbsp;ft (12.80 m)
 |-
-| Length overall  || 49&nbsp;ft 6 in (15.1 m) || colspan="3" | 50&nbsp;ft 3 in (15.32 m)
+| Length overall || 49&nbsp;ft 6 in (15.1 m) || colspan="3" | 50&nbsp;ft 3 in (15.32 m)
 |-
-| Engine (2x)  || Lycoming [[Honeywell LTS101|LTS-101-650C-3]]  || colspan="2" | Lycoming LTS-101-750C  || Rolls-Royce [[Rolls-Royce Model 250|250-C30G/2]]
+| Engine (2x) || Lycoming [[Honeywell LTS101|LTS101-650C-3]] || colspan="2" | Lycoming LTS101-750C || Rolls-Royce [[Rolls-Royce Model 250|250-C30G/2]]
 |-
-| Power (2x)  || {{convert|620|shp|kW|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/> || colspan="2" | {{convert|684|shp|kW|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa88p346-7">{{harvnb|Taylor|1988|pp=346–347}}</ref> || 700&nbsp;hp (520&nbsp;kW)
+| Power (2x) || {{convert|620|shp|kW|0|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/> || colspan="2" | {{convert|684|shp|kW|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa88p346-7">{{harvnb|Taylor|1988|pp=346–347}}</ref> || 700&nbsp;hp (520&nbsp;kW)
 |-
-| Max speed  || {{convert|133|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/><br/>(cruise) || colspan="2" | 135 kt <br/>(155&nbsp;mph, 250&nbsp;km/h) || 140 kt <br/>(161&nbsp;mph, 260&nbsp;km/h)
+| Max speed || {{convert|133|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/><br/>(cruise) || colspan="2" | 135 kt <br/>(155&nbsp;mph, 250&nbsp;km/h) || 140 kt <br/>(161&nbsp;mph, 260&nbsp;km/h)
 |-
-| Climb rate  || {{convert|1600|ft/min|m/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/> || colspan="2" | 1,730&nbsp;ft/min (8.79&nbsp;m/s) || ~1,600&nbsp;ft/min (8.13&nbsp;m/s)
+| Climb rate || {{convert|1600|ft/min|m/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/> || colspan="2" | 1,730&nbsp;ft/min (8.79&nbsp;m/s) || ~1,600&nbsp;ft/min (8.13&nbsp;m/s)
 |-
-| Service ceiling  || {{convert|20000|ft|m|-2|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/> || colspan="2" | 15,800&nbsp;ft (4,816 m) || 15,500&nbsp;ft (4,724 m)
+| Service ceiling || {{convert|20000|ft|m|-2|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/> || colspan="2" | 15,800&nbsp;ft (4,816 m) || 15,500&nbsp;ft (4,724 m)
 |-
-| Hover ceiling  || {{convert|4200|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/> || colspan="2" | 10,300&nbsp;ft (3,139 m) || 12,400&nbsp;ft (3,780 m)
+| Hover ceiling || {{convert|4200|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/> || colspan="2" | 10,300&nbsp;ft (3,139 m) || 12,400&nbsp;ft (3,780 m)
 |-
-| Fuel capacity  ||colspan="2"| 188+48 US gal (710+182 L) || 188+122 US gal (710+460 L) || 188+ US gal (710+ L)
+| Fuel capacity ||colspan="2"| 188+48 US gal (710+182 L) || 188+122 US gal (710+460 L) || 188+ US gal (710+ L)
 |-
-| Range  || {{convert|282|nmi|mi km|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/> || 378 nmi <br/>(434&nbsp;mi, 700&nbsp;km) || 486 nmi <br/>(559&nbsp;mi, 900&nbsp;km) || 378 nmi <br/>(434&nbsp;mi, 700&nbsp;km)
+| Range || {{convert|282|nmi|mi km|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/> || 378 nmi <br/>(434&nbsp;mi, 700&nbsp;km) || 486 nmi <br/>(559&nbsp;mi, 900&nbsp;km) || 378 nmi <br/>(434&nbsp;mi, 700&nbsp;km)
 |-
 | Empty weight || {{convert|4860|lb|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/> || 4,577&nbsp;lb (2,076&nbsp;kg) || 4,537&nbsp;lb (2,058&nbsp;kg) || 5,097&nbsp;lb (2,312&nbsp;kg)
 |-
-| Maximum takeoff weight  || {{convert|8100|lb|kg|-1|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/><br/> (external load) || colspan="2" | 8,250&nbsp;lb (3,742&nbsp;kg) || 8,400&nbsp;lb (3,810&nbsp;kg)
+| Maximum takeoff weight || {{convert|8100|lb|kg|-1|abbr=on}}<ref name="jawa82p312"/><br/> (external load) || colspan="2" | 8,250&nbsp;lb (3,742&nbsp;kg) || 8,400&nbsp;lb (3,810&nbsp;kg)
 |}
-Sources: Airliners.net,<ref>[http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=77 Bell 222 & 230 page on airliner.net]</ref> Helicopterdirect,<ref>[http://helicopterdirect.com/technical_bell.htm Bell helicopter technical data, helicopterdirect.com]</ref> others<ref>[http://airwolf.tv-series.com/default.asp?ModuleID=2&PageID=12&ArticleID=50168 Bell 222 technical data on airwolf.tv-series.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227071718/http://airwolf.tv-series.com/default.asp?ModuleID=2&PageID=12&ArticleID=50168 |date=2007-12-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aircraftone.com/aircraft/models/Helicopters1.asp|title=Helicopters - Manufacturers and Models of Helicopters A - BEL|work=aircraftone.com|accessdate=22 June 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620143826/http://www.aircraftone.com/aircraft/models/helicopters1.asp|archivedate=20 June 2016|df=}}</ref>
+Sources: Airliners.net,<ref>[http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=77 Bell 222 & 230 page on airliner.net]</ref> Helicopterdirect,<ref>[http://helicopterdirect.com/technical_bell.htm Bell helicopter technical data, helicopterdirect.com]</ref> others<ref>[http://airwolf.tv-series.com/default.asp?ModuleID=2&PageID=12&ArticleID=50168 Bell 222 technical data on airwolf.tv-series.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227071718/http://airwolf.tv-series.com/default.asp?ModuleID=2&PageID=12&ArticleID=50168 |date=2007-12-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aircraftone.com/aircraft/models/Helicopters1.asp|title=Helicopters - Manufacturers and Models of Helicopters A - BEL|work=aircraftone.com|access-date=22 June 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620143826/http://www.aircraftone.com/aircraft/models/helicopters1.asp|archive-date=20 June 2016}}</ref>
 ==Notable appearances in media==
@@ Line 165: / Line 171: @@
 ==References==
-{{Reflist|35em}}
+{{Reflist}}
+==Bibliography==
+*{{cite journal |last1=Elliott|first1=Bryn|title=On the Beat: The First 60 Years of Britain's Air Police, Part Two|journal=Air Enthusiast|date=May–June 1999|issue=81|pages=64–69 |issn=0143-5450}}
 *''Bell 222/230 Field Maintenance Training Manual''
 *''Bell 222U Rotorcraft Flight Manual''
-*{{cite book|editor-last=Taylor|editor-first=John W. R.|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982–83|year=1982|publisher=Jane's Yearbooks|location=London|isbn=0-7106-0748-2|ref=harv}}
+*{{cite book|editor-last=Taylor|editor-first=John W. R.|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1982–83|year=1982|publisher=Jane's Yearbooks|location=London|isbn=0-7106-0748-2}}
-*{{cite book|editor-last=Taylor|editor-first=John W. R.|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988–89|year=1988|publisher=Jane's Defence Data|location=London|isbn=0-7106-0867-5|ref=harv}}
+*{{cite book|editor-last=Taylor|editor-first=John W. R.|title=Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988–89|year=1988|publisher=Jane's Defence Data|location=London|isbn=0-7106-0867-5}}
 == External links ==

v t e Bell Aircraft and Bell Helicopter/Bell Textron aircraft
Manufacturer designations	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31¹ 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 (I) 39 (II) 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 J 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70–100¹ 101 102 103 104 105 106 107¹ 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131–199¹ 200 201 202¹ 203¹ 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213¹ 214 214ST 215¹ 216 217¹ 218¹ 219¹ 220¹ 221¹ 222 223–229¹ 230 231–248¹ 249 250–300¹ 301 302–308¹ 309 310–359¹ 360 361–399¹ 400 401–405¹ 406 407 408¹ 409 410¹ 411¹ 412 413¹ 414¹ 415¹ 416¹ 417 418–426¹ 427 428¹ 429 430 431–439¹ 440 441¹ 442¹ 443¹ 444¹ 445 446¹ 447¹ 448¹ 449 550–504¹ 505 506–524¹ 525 526–532¹ 533 534–539¹ 540 541–547¹ 548 549–575¹ 576 577–582¹ 583 846–598¹ 599 600–608¹ 609 610–645¹ 646 647–679¹ 680 681–910¹ 911 912–917¹ 918 D-188 D-255 D-292
Fighter aircraft	YFM-1 P-39 XFL P-59 P-63 P-76 XP-77 XP-83
Target drones	PQM-56
Attack helicopters	207 Bell AH-1 Singles Twins AH-1Z 309 YAH-63 360
Observation and utility helicopters	H-13 H-13J UH-1 UH-1N UH-1Y TH-57 OH-58 TH-67 ARH-70
Commercial helicopters	47 47J 204 205 206 210 212 214 214ST 222 230 407 412 427 429 430 505 525
Tiltrotors	V-22 V-247 V-280 AW609 TR918 QTR
UAVs	MQ-8C
Non-production helicopters	400 417 440
Experimental aircraft	ATV 201 533 D-188 D-255 D-292 FCX-001 L-39 LLRV/LLTV X-1 X-2 X-5 X-14 X-16 X-22 XF-109 XP-52 XV-3 XV-15
Names	Airabonita Airacobra Airacomet Airacuda Arapaho BigLifter Cobra Creek Eagle Eye Fire Scout GlobalRanger Huey HueyCobra Invictus Iroquois JetRanger Jet Ranger X Kingcobra KingCobra Kiowa LongRanger Osprey Quad TiltRotor Ranger Sea Cobra Sea Ranger Sioux Sioux Scout SuperCobra Super Huey Super Transporter Twin Huey TwinRanger Valor Venom Vigilant Viper Zulu Cobra
¹ Unknown/not assigned