František Čelakovský: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Czech poet}} |
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{{Infobox writer |
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| name = František Ladislav Čelakovský |
| name = František Ladislav Čelakovský |
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| image = Jan Vilímek |
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| caption = Portrait of František Ladislav Čelakovský by [[Jan Vilímek]] |
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'''František Ladislav Čelakovský''' (7 March 1799 Strakonice - 5 August 1852 Prague) was a [[Czechs|Czech]] poet, translator, linguist, and literary critic. He was a major figure in the Czech |
'''František Ladislav Čelakovský''' (7 March 1799 Strakonice - 5 August 1852 Prague) was a [[Czechs|Czech]] poet, translator, linguist, and literary critic. He was a major figure in the Czech "[[Czech National Revival|national revival]]". His most notable works are ''Ohlas písní ruských (Echoes of Russian Songs)'' and ''Ohlas písní českých (Echoes of Bohemian Songs).'' |
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== Life == |
== Life == |
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Čelakovský was born in [[Strakonice]] to the [[Carpentry|carpenter]] Vojtěch Čelakovský and his wife Anna. He attended high school in [[České Budějovice]] and then [[Písek]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Souček (webmaster[zavinac]penkavcivrch.cz)|first=2003-2020 Ing Tomáš|title=Životopis: František Ladislav Čelakovský (*07.03.1799 - †05.08.1852) {{!}} Životopisy|url=https://www.cesky-jazyk.cz/zivotopisy/frantisek-ladislav-celakovsky.html|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Český-jazyk.cz|language=cs}}</ref> He began studying [[philosophy]] in [[Prague]], but due to financial problems transferred to a [[lyceum]] in České Budějovice was expelled for reading [[Jan Hus]]. He continued his studies in [[Linz]] and then at [[Charles University]] in Prague (then called Charles-Ferdinand University). Rather than focus on the required courses, he took language and literature courses for his own self-studies; he failed a logic exam in 1822 and never got a university degree. |
Čelakovský was born in [[Strakonice]] to the [[Carpentry|carpenter]] Vojtěch Čelakovský and his wife Anna. He attended high school in [[České Budějovice]] and then [[Písek]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Souček (webmaster[zavinac]penkavcivrch.cz)|first=2003-2020 Ing Tomáš|title=Životopis: František Ladislav Čelakovský (*07.03.1799 - †05.08.1852) {{!}} Životopisy|url=https://www.cesky-jazyk.cz/zivotopisy/frantisek-ladislav-celakovsky.html|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Český-jazyk.cz|language=cs}}</ref> He began studying [[philosophy]] in [[Prague]], but due to financial problems transferred to a [[lyceum]] in České Budějovice was expelled for reading [[Jan Hus]]. He continued his studies in [[Linz]] and then at [[Charles University]] in Prague (then called Charles-Ferdinand University). Rather than focus on the required courses, he took language and literature courses for his own self-studies; he failed a logic exam in 1822 and never got a university degree. |
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Čelakovský made a living as a private tutor until 1829, when thanks to Karel Alois |
Čelakovský made a living as a private tutor until 1829, when thanks to Karel Alois Vinařický's recommendation, Prague's [[archbishop]] had him translate [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine of Hippo's]] ''[[The City of God|De Civitate Dei]].''<ref name=":0" /> From 1829 to 1842 he was a proofreader for the Časopis pro katolické duchovenstvo (Magazine for the Catholic Clergy). From 1833, Čelakovský was an editor of Pražské noviny, a newspaper in Prague. As editor, he attempted to develop readers' political and cultural knowledge. He expanded the magazine ''Česká Wčela (The Czech Bee)'', had the newspaper include articles from foreign non-German-language press for the first time, and developed relationships with [[Slavic studies|Slavists]] abroad.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=František Ladislav Čelakovský {{!}} životopis, informace o spisovateli {{!}} ČBDB.cz|url=https://www.cbdb.cz//autor-2013-frantisek-ladislav-celakovsky|access-date=2020-11-23|website=www.cbdb.cz|language=cs}}</ref> In 1835, he was named a professor of Czech language and literature in Prague. |
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On November |
On 26 November 1835, Čelakovský commented negatively in Pražské noviny about Russian [[Tsar]] [[Nicholas I of Russia|Nicholas I's]] threats against a Polish uprising. The Russian embassy in Vienna complained and Čelakovský was removed from his position as both an editor and professor.<ref name=":1" /> For the next two years, he survived only through translations and the support of Karel Alois Vinařický. From 1838, he was a librarian for the Kinský family. In 1841, he became a professor of Slavic Literature in [[Wrocław|Wroclaw]], and then got the same position in Prague in 1849.<ref name=":1" /> |
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== Family == |
== Family == |
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František Ladislav Čelakovský married Marie Ventová in Strakonice on February |
František Ladislav Čelakovský married Marie Ventová in Strakonice on 2 February 1834.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Matrika oddaných Strakonice, 1822-1838, snímek 64"|url=https://digi.ceskearchivy.cz/7444/64/2144/2041/150/0}}</ref> They had four children together, before she died from [[typhus]] in 1844. The next year, he married Antonie Reissová in Prague.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2011-08-17|title=František Ladislav Čelakovský|url=https://temata.rozhlas.cz/frantisek-ladislav-celakovsky-7963623|access-date=2020-11-23|website=Témata|language=cs}}</ref> Antonie kept a correspondence with author [[Božena Němcová]], which Čelakovský occasionally took part in. They had four children together, but one, Anna, died three months after she was born. Antonie died in 1852, and Čelakovský died later that year.<ref name=":2" /> In his will, Čelakovský made Dr. Josef František Frič the guardian of his children.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Pokorná|first=Magdalena|title="Spočítané dětství" sourozenců Čelakovských|url=https://karolinum.cz/data/clanek/2004/PHS_45_1_20_Pokorna.pdf}}</ref> Čelakovský's granddaughter [[Marie Tůmová]], daughter of Marie, was a teacher and a women's suffragist.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Marie Tůmová - první ředitelka dívčí měšťanské školy bojující za volební právo žen |url=https://www.msmt.cz/ministerstvo/novinar/marie-tumova |access-date=5 January 2023 |website=Ministerstvo školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy |language=cs}}</ref> |
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== Works == |
== Works == |
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Čelakovský's style is often classified as pre-[[romanticism]].<ref name=":2" /> He both influenced and was influenced by other leaders of the Czech "national revival", as well as foreign [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] cultural figures. |
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Between 1821 and 1823 he published several poems under the name Žofie Jandová, a |
Between 1821 and 1823 he published several poems under the name Žofie Jandová, a woman's name.<ref name=":2" /> As a female poet, she was intended to show the high level of development of Czech literature and culture. The English translator John Bowring included her in his anthology of Czech literature. Čelakovský also occasionally used the pseudonym Marcián Hromotluk.<ref name=":2" /> |
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Čelakovský's most important works were either collections of Slavic [[folklore]] or poems based on Slavic folklore. |
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His ''Slovanské národní písně (National Songs of the Slavs)'' is an important collection of Slavic folk songs.<ref name=":2" /> Part 1 (1822) is a collection of [[Bohemia]]n, [[Moravia]]n, and [[Slovakia|Slovak]] folk songs, dedicated to [[Václav Hanka]]. Part 2 (1825), dedicated to [[Kazimierz Brodziński]], is divided into two books. The first continues to cover Bohemian, Moravian, and Slovak folk songs. The second is folk songs from other Slavic languages, with the originals appearing next to |
His ''Slovanské národní písně (National Songs of the Slavs)'' is an important collection of Slavic folk songs.<ref name=":2" /> Part 1 (1822) is a collection of [[Bohemia]]n, [[Moravia]]n, and [[Slovakia|Slovak]] folk songs, dedicated to [[Václav Hanka]]. Part 2 (1825), dedicated to [[Kazimierz Brodziński]], is divided into two books. The first continues to cover Bohemian, Moravian, and Slovak folk songs. The second is folk songs from other Slavic languages, with the originals appearing next to Čelakovský's Czech translations. Čelakovský published songs that did not make it into the first two parts in the originally unplanned Part 3 (1827), dedicated to [[Vuk Karadžić]]. |
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''Ohlas písní ruských (Echoes of Russian Songs)'' (1829) is a collection of [[Epic poetry|epic poems]] based on themes from Russian folklore, especially [[Bylina|byliny]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Ohlas písní ruských, Ohlas písní českých (František Ladislav Čelakovský) {{!}} Detail knihy {{!}} ČBDB.cz|url=https://www.cbdb.cz//kniha-236378-ohlas-pisni-ruskych-ohlas-pisni-ceskych|access-date=2020-11-23|website=www.cbdb.cz|language=cs}}</ref> |
''Ohlas písní ruských (Echoes of Russian Songs)'' (1829) is a collection of [[Epic poetry|epic poems]] based on themes from Russian folklore, especially [[Bylina|byliny]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Ohlas písní ruských, Ohlas písní českých (František Ladislav Čelakovský) {{!}} Detail knihy {{!}} ČBDB.cz|url=https://www.cbdb.cz//kniha-236378-ohlas-pisni-ruskych-ohlas-pisni-ceskych|access-date=2020-11-23|website=www.cbdb.cz|language=cs}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:1852 deaths]] |
[[Category:1852 deaths]] |
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[[Category:People from Strakonice]] |
[[Category:People from Strakonice]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Poets from the Austrian Empire]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Scholars from the Austrian Empire]] |
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[[Category:Czech male writers]] |
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[[Category:Czech translators]] |
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[[Category:Translators from Russian]] |
[[Category:Translators from Russian]] |
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[[Category:Translators from Serbian]] |
[[Category:Translators from Serbian]] |
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[[Category:Translators to Czech]] |
[[Category:Translators to Czech]] |
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[[Category:19th-century Czech poets]] |
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[[Category:19th-century translators]] |
[[Category:19th-century translators]] |
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[[Category:19th-century male writers]] |
[[Category:19th-century male writers]] |
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[[Category:Translators of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] |
[[Category:Translators of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] |
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[[Category:Charles University alumni]] |
Latest revision as of 17:33, 6 June 2024
František Ladislav Čelakovský | |
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Born | Strakonice, Austrian Empire | 7 March 1799
Died | 5 August 1852 Prague, Austrian Empire | (aged 53)
Resting place | Olšany Cemetery |
Pen name | Marcian Hromotluk |
Occupation | Poet |
Nationality | Czech |
Genre | Sentimentalism |
Notable works | Ohlas písní ruských Ohlas písní českých |
Spouse | Bohuslava Rajská |
Children | Ladislav Josef Čelakovský Jaromír Čelakovský Marie Čelakovská |
František Ladislav Čelakovský (7 March 1799 Strakonice - 5 August 1852 Prague) was a Czech poet, translator, linguist, and literary critic. He was a major figure in the Czech "national revival". His most notable works are Ohlas písní ruských (Echoes of Russian Songs) and Ohlas písní českých (Echoes of Bohemian Songs).
Life
[edit]Čelakovský was born in Strakonice to the carpenter Vojtěch Čelakovský and his wife Anna. He attended high school in České Budějovice and then Písek.[1] He began studying philosophy in Prague, but due to financial problems transferred to a lyceum in České Budějovice was expelled for reading Jan Hus. He continued his studies in Linz and then at Charles University in Prague (then called Charles-Ferdinand University). Rather than focus on the required courses, he took language and literature courses for his own self-studies; he failed a logic exam in 1822 and never got a university degree.
Čelakovský made a living as a private tutor until 1829, when thanks to Karel Alois Vinařický's recommendation, Prague's archbishop had him translate Augustine of Hippo's De Civitate Dei.[1] From 1829 to 1842 he was a proofreader for the Časopis pro katolické duchovenstvo (Magazine for the Catholic Clergy). From 1833, Čelakovský was an editor of Pražské noviny, a newspaper in Prague. As editor, he attempted to develop readers' political and cultural knowledge. He expanded the magazine Česká Wčela (The Czech Bee), had the newspaper include articles from foreign non-German-language press for the first time, and developed relationships with Slavists abroad.[2] In 1835, he was named a professor of Czech language and literature in Prague.
On 26 November 1835, Čelakovský commented negatively in Pražské noviny about Russian Tsar Nicholas I's threats against a Polish uprising. The Russian embassy in Vienna complained and Čelakovský was removed from his position as both an editor and professor.[2] For the next two years, he survived only through translations and the support of Karel Alois Vinařický. From 1838, he was a librarian for the Kinský family. In 1841, he became a professor of Slavic Literature in Wroclaw, and then got the same position in Prague in 1849.[2]
Family
[edit]František Ladislav Čelakovský married Marie Ventová in Strakonice on 2 February 1834.[3] They had four children together, before she died from typhus in 1844. The next year, he married Antonie Reissová in Prague.[4] Antonie kept a correspondence with author Božena Němcová, which Čelakovský occasionally took part in. They had four children together, but one, Anna, died three months after she was born. Antonie died in 1852, and Čelakovský died later that year.[4] In his will, Čelakovský made Dr. Josef František Frič the guardian of his children.[5] Čelakovský's granddaughter Marie Tůmová, daughter of Marie, was a teacher and a women's suffragist.[6]
Works
[edit]Čelakovský's style is often classified as pre-romanticism.[4] He both influenced and was influenced by other leaders of the Czech "national revival", as well as foreign Slavic cultural figures.
Between 1821 and 1823 he published several poems under the name Žofie Jandová, a woman's name.[4] As a female poet, she was intended to show the high level of development of Czech literature and culture. The English translator John Bowring included her in his anthology of Czech literature. Čelakovský also occasionally used the pseudonym Marcián Hromotluk.[4]
Čelakovský's most important works were either collections of Slavic folklore or poems based on Slavic folklore.
His Slovanské národní písně (National Songs of the Slavs) is an important collection of Slavic folk songs.[4] Part 1 (1822) is a collection of Bohemian, Moravian, and Slovak folk songs, dedicated to Václav Hanka. Part 2 (1825), dedicated to Kazimierz Brodziński, is divided into two books. The first continues to cover Bohemian, Moravian, and Slovak folk songs. The second is folk songs from other Slavic languages, with the originals appearing next to Čelakovský's Czech translations. Čelakovský published songs that did not make it into the first two parts in the originally unplanned Part 3 (1827), dedicated to Vuk Karadžić.
Ohlas písní ruských (Echoes of Russian Songs) (1829) is a collection of epic poems based on themes from Russian folklore, especially byliny.[7]
Ohlas písní českých (Echoes of Bohemian Songs) (1839) is a similar collection of poems based on themes from Czech life.[7] However, rather than focusing on epic or heroic themes like Echoes of Russian Songs, most of the poems are in much simpler language, with proverb-like lines about daily life.
Mudrosloví národa slovanského v příslovích (The Wisdom of the Slavic People in Proverbs) (1852) is a collection of Slavic proverbs, arranged thematically to portray the traditional life philosophy of the Slavs.[4]
In addition to poetry and works related to Slavic folklore, Čelakovský also published translations from German, English, and Latin into Czech, scientific literature on Slavic linguistics, and textbooks on the Czech language.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Souček (webmaster[zavinac]penkavcivrch.cz), 2003-2020 Ing Tomáš. "Životopis: František Ladislav Čelakovský (*07.03.1799 - †05.08.1852) | Životopisy". Český-jazyk.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 23 November 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c "František Ladislav Čelakovský | životopis, informace o spisovateli | ČBDB.cz". www.cbdb.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ^ "Matrika oddaných Strakonice, 1822-1838, snímek 64"".
- ^ a b c d e f g "František Ladislav Čelakovský". Témata (in Czech). 17 August 2011. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
- ^ Pokorná, Magdalena. ""Spočítané dětství" sourozenců Čelakovských" (PDF).
- ^ "Marie Tůmová - první ředitelka dívčí měšťanské školy bojující za volební právo žen". Ministerstvo školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy (in Czech). Retrieved 5 January 2023.
- ^ a b "Ohlas písní ruských, Ohlas písní českých (František Ladislav Čelakovský) | Detail knihy | ČBDB.cz". www.cbdb.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 23 November 2020.