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{{short description|Dukedom in the Peerage of Great Britain}}
{{distinguish|Earl of Northumberland}}
{{distinguish|Earl of Northumberland}}

{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
{{Infobox nobility title
{{Infobox nobility title
| name = Dukedom of Northumberland
| name = Dukedom of Northumberland
Line 8: Line 8:
| image_size =
| image_size =
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = Arms of Percy, Dukes of Northumberland: ''Quarterly: 1st and 4th grandquarters: 1st and 4th counterquartered: 1st and 4th, Or a Lion rampant Azure'' (Brabant and Lovaine, Percy [[Ancient and modern arms|modern]]);'' 2nd and 3rd, Gules three Lucies hauriant Argent (Lucy); 2nd and 3rd, Azure five Fusils conjoined in fess Or'' (Percy [[Ancient and modern arms|ancient]]);'' 2nd and 3rd grandquarters: quarterly: 1st and 4th, Or three Bars wavy Gules'' (Drummond);'' 2nd and 3rd, Or a Lion's Head erased within a Double Tressure flory counterflory Gules'' (Drummond, coat of augmentation).
| caption = Arms of Percy, Dukes of Northumberland: ''Quarterly: 1st and 4th grandquarters: 1st and 4th counterquartered: 1st and 4th, Or a Lion rampant Azure'' (Brabant and Lovaine, [[House of Percy|Percy]] modern);'' 2nd and 3rd, Gules three Lucies hauriant Argent (Lucy); 2nd and 3rd, Azure five Fusils conjoined in fess Or'' (Percy [[Ancient and modern arms|ancient]]);'' 2nd and 3rd grandquarters: quarterly: 1st and 4th, Or three Bars wavy Gules'' (Drummond);'' 2nd and 3rd, Or a Lion's Head erased within a Double Tressure flory counterflory Gules'' (Drummond, coat of augmentation).
| creation_date = 1766
| creation_date = 1551 <small>(first creation)</small><br/>1683 <small>(second creation)</small><br/>1766 <small>(third creation)</small>
| creation =
| creation = Third
| monarch = King [[George III]]
| monarch = [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]] <small>(first creation)</small><br/>[[Charles II of England|Charles II]] <small>(second creation)</small><br/>[[George III of Great Britain|George III]] <small>(third creation)</small>
| peerage = [[Peerage of Great Britain]]
| peerage = [[Peerage of Great Britain]]
| baronetage =
| baronetage =
| first_holder = [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]
| first_holder = [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland]]
| last_holder =
| last_holder =
| present_holder = [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland]]
| present_holder = [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland]]
Line 20: Line 20:
| heir_presumptive =
| heir_presumptive =
| remainder_to = the 1st Duke's [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten
| remainder_to = the 1st Duke's [[heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten
| subsidiary_titles = [[Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>Earl Percy<br/>Earl of Beverley<br/>Baron Warkworth<br/>Baron Lovaine<br/>[[Smithson Baronets|Baronet Percy of Stanwick]]
| subsidiary_titles = [[Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>Earl Percy<br/>Earl of Beverley<br/>Baron Warkworth<br/>Baron Lovaine<br/>[[Smithson baronets|Baronet, of Stanwick]]
| status =
| status =
| extinction_date = 1553 <small>(first creation)</small><br/>1716 <small>(second creation)</small>
| extinction_date = 1553 <small>(first creation)</small><br/>1683 <small>(second creation)</small>
| family_seat = [[Alnwick Castle]]<br/>[[Syon House]]
| family_seat = [[Alnwick Castle]]<br/>[[Syon House]]
| former_seat = [[Warkworth Castle]]<br/>[[Prudhoe Castle]]<br/>[[Kielder Castle]]<br/>[[Northumberland House]]<br/>[[Stanwick Park]]<br/>[[Albury Park]]
| former_seat = [[Warkworth Castle]]<br/>[[Prudhoe Castle]]<br/>[[Kielder Castle]]<br/>[[Northumberland House]]<br/>[[Stanwick Park]]<br/>[[Albury Park]]
Line 38: Line 38:


==Jacobite creation==
==Jacobite creation==
In 1716 [[Philip Wharton, 1st Duke of Wharton]], was created Duke of Northumberland, Marquess of Woburn, [[Earl of Malmesbury]] and Viscount Winchendon in the [[Jacobite Peerage]], by [[James Francis Edward Stuart|The Old Pretender]]. The title had no legal validity in the Kingdom of Great Britain.
In 1716 [[Philip Wharton, 1st Duke of Wharton]], was created Duke of Northumberland, Marquess of Woburn, [[Earl of Malmesbury]] and Viscount Winchendon in the [[Jacobite Peerage]], by the [[James Francis Edward Stuart|Old Pretender]]. The title had no legal validity in the Kingdom of Great Britain.


== 1766 creation ==
== 1766 creation ==
<section begin=1766 />
<section begin=1766 />
[[File:1st Duke of Northumberland cropped.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]].]]
[[File:Hughpercy.jpg|thumb|A portrait of [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]]]
The title was created for the third time in 1766 for [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland]], the former Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet (1714–1786), who had assumed by Act of Parliament in 1750 for himself and his descendants the surname Percy, due to his having married in 1740 the daughter of [[Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset]] (1684–1750), whose mother
The title was created for the third time in 1766 for [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland]] (formerly Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet), who had assumed by Act of Parliament in 1750 for himself and his descendants the surname Percy, due to his having married in 1740 the daughter of [[Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset]] (1684–1750), whose mother
[[Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset|Lady Elizabeth Percy]] (1667–1722), was the last of the senior blood line of the ancient [[House of Percy]], being the only surviving child of [[Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland]] (1644–1670). In 1749 King George II created Algernon who had inherited the Dukedom of Somerset in 1748 '''Earl of Northumberland''' and by courtesy title (for eldest male heir) '''Baron Warkworth''', of [[Warkworth Castle]] in the County of Northumberland with special remainder to his son-in-law Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=8887 |date=23 September 1749 |page=2 }}</ref><ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1037</ref>
[[Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset|Lady Elizabeth Percy]] (1667–1722) was the last of the senior blood line of the ancient [[House of Percy]], being the only surviving child of [[Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland]] (1644–1670). In 1749 King George II created Algernon (who had inherited the Dukedom of Somerset in 1748) '''Earl of Northumberland''' and '''Baron Warkworth''', of [[Warkworth Castle]] in the County of Northumberland, with special remainder to his son-in-law Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=8887 |date=23 September 1749 |page=2 }}</ref><ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1037</ref>


The above steps formed a deliberate move to allow ancient names and titles of the Percys to be revived in the male-heir exhausted senior branch of the Dukedom of Somerset which at that time was about to see its largest removal, to another noble but very cadet branch (a fourth cousin) on Algernon's death. Algernon was also created [[Earl of Egremont]] at the same time with a different remainder{{mdash}}see this article for further information.<ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.851</ref>
The above steps formed a deliberate move to allow ancient names and titles of the Percys to be revived in the male-heir exhausted senior branch of the Dukedom of Somerset, which at that time was about to see its largest removal – to another noble but very cadet branch (a fourth cousin) on Algernon's death. Algernon was also created [[Earl of Egremont]] at the same time, with a different remainder.<ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.851</ref>


In 1784 the 1st Duke was also granted the substantive title '''Lord Lovaine''', Baron of Alnwick in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of Great Britain, with remainder to his second son [[Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley|Lord Algernon Percy]],<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=12514 |date=27 January 1784 |page=2 }}</ref> who succeeded and who was created [[Earl of Beverley]] in 1790 and thus it too became a courtesy title.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=13249 |date=26 October 1790 |page=646 }}</ref>
In 1784 the 1st Duke was also granted the substantive title '''Lord Lovaine''', Baron of Alnwick in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of Great Britain, with remainder to his second son [[Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley|Lord Algernon Percy]],<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=12514 |date=27 January 1784 |page=2 }}</ref> who succeeded and who was created [[Earl of Beverley]] in 1790, and thus it too became a courtesy title.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=13249 |date=26 October 1790 |page=646 }}</ref>


The Duke was succeeded in the dukedom and associated titles by his eldest son, [[Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland|Hugh, the 2nd Duke]], a [[lieutenant-general]] in the [[British Army]]. The 2nd Duke was in his turn succeeded by his eldest son, [[Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland|Hugh, the 3rd Duke]], who in 1812, five years before he succeeded in the dukedom, had been summoned to the [[House of Lords]] through a [[writ of acceleration]] in his father's junior title of Baron Percy.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=16583 |date=14 March 1812|page=497 }}</ref> The 3rd Duke later held office as [[Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland]] from 1829 to 1830. He was childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, [[Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland|Algernon, 1st Baron Prudhoe]], the 4th Duke, who in 1814 had been created '''Baron Prudhoe''', of Prudhoe Castle in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=17164 |date=17 August 1816 |page=1596 }}</ref> The 4th Duke was an [[admiral]] in the [[Royal Navy]] and notably served as [[First Lord of the Admiralty]] in 1852. He was also childless and on his death in 1865 the barony of Prudhoe became extinct while the barony of Percy (which could be passed on through the female line) was inherited by his great-nephew, [[John Stewart-Murray, 7th Duke of Atholl]]. The Admiral was succeeded in the dukedom and remaining titles by his first cousin, [[George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland|George, the 2nd Earl of Beverley]], eldest son of the second son of the 1st Duke. The barony of Lovaine and earldom of Beverley have since been merged in the dukedom as courtesy titles.
The 1st Duke was succeeded in the dukedom and associated titles by his eldest son, [[Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland|Hugh, the 2nd Duke]], a [[lieutenant-general]] in the [[British Army]]. The 2nd Duke was in his turn succeeded by his eldest son, [[Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland|Hugh, the 3rd Duke]], who in 1812, five years before he succeeded in the dukedom, had been summoned to the [[House of Lords]] through a [[writ of acceleration]] in his father's junior title of Baron Percy.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=16583 |date=14 March 1812|page=497 }}</ref> The 3rd Duke later held office as [[Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland]] from 1829 to 1830. He was childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, [[Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland|Algernon, 1st Baron Prudhoe]], the 4th Duke, who in 1814 had been created '''Baron Prudhoe''', of Prudhoe Castle in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=17164 |date=17 August 1816 |page=1596 }}</ref> The 4th Duke was an [[admiral]] in the [[Royal Navy]] and notably served as [[First Lord of the Admiralty]] in 1852. He was also childless and on his death in 1865 the barony of Prudhoe became extinct while the barony of Percy (which could be passed on through the female line) was inherited by his great-nephew, [[John Stewart-Murray, 7th Duke of Atholl]]. The Admiral was succeeded in the dukedom and remaining titles by his first cousin, [[George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland|George, the 2nd Earl of Beverley]], eldest son of the second son of the 1st Duke. The barony of Lovaine and earldom of Beverley have since been merged in the dukedom as courtesy titles.


The 5th Duke was succeeded by his eldest son, [[Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland|Algernon, the 6th Duke]], who notably served as [[Lord Privy Seal]] between 1879 and 1880 under [[Benjamin Disraeli|Lord Beaconsfield]]. The 6th Duke's eldest son, [[Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland|Henry, the 7th Duke]], was summoned to the House of lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Lord Lovaine in 1887.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25723 |date=22 July 1887 |page=4001 }}</ref> The 7th Duke's eldest son, [[Henry Percy, Earl Percy]], predeceased him. He was succeeded by his fourth but eldest surviving son, [[Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland|Alan, the 8th Duke]], whose eldest son, [[Henry Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland|Henry, the 9th Duke]], was killed during the retreat to [[Dunkirk]] during the [[Second World War]]. Henry was succeeded by his younger brother, [[Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland|Hugh, the 10th Duke]]. In 1957, on the death of his fourth cousin once removed, [[James Stewart-Murray, 9th Duke of Atholl]], Hugh succeeded as 9th [[Baron Percy]], the title thus re-merging with the Dukedom. As of 2012 the titles are held by his second son, [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland|Ralph, the 12th Duke]], who succeeded on the death of his elder brother in 1995. <section end=1766 /> <section begin=members/>
The 5th Duke was succeeded by his eldest son, [[Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland|Algernon, the 6th Duke]], who notably served as [[Lord Privy Seal]] between 1879 and 1880 under [[Benjamin Disraeli|Lord Beaconsfield]]. The 6th Duke's eldest son, [[Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland|Henry, the 7th Duke]], was summoned to the House of lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Lord Lovaine in 1887.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25723 |date=22 July 1887 |page=4001 }}</ref> The 7th Duke's eldest son, [[Henry Percy, Earl Percy]], predeceased him. He was succeeded by his fourth but eldest surviving son, [[Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland|Alan, the 8th Duke]], whose eldest son, [[Henry Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland|Henry, the 9th Duke]], was killed during the [[Dunkirk evacuation|retreat to Dunkirk]] during the [[Second World War]]. Henry was succeeded by his younger brother, [[Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland|Hugh, the 10th Duke]]. In 1957, on the death of his fourth cousin once removed, [[James Stewart-Murray, 9th Duke of Atholl]], Hugh succeeded as 9th [[Baron Percy]], the title thus re-merging with the Dukedom. As of 2012 the titles are held by his second son, [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland|Ralph, the 12th Duke]], who succeeded on the death of his elder brother in 1995. <section end=1766 /> <section begin=members/>


Northumberland Estates manages {{convert|100000|acres|km2}}: directly managing {{convert|4000|acres|km2}} of forestry and {{convert|20000|acres|km2}} of farmland, with approximately 100 tenant farmers managing the remaining bulk of the land.<ref>{{cite web|title=Farming|url=http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/business_farming.php|work=The Northumberland Estates|publisher=The Northumberland Estates|accessdate=10 October 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130421084822/http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/business_farming.php|archivedate=21 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sawmill and Forestry|url=http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/business_sawmill.php|work=The Northumberland Estates|publisher=The Northumberland Estates|accessdate=10 October 2012|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130421043443/http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/business_sawmill.php|archivedate=21 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Duke's Plans Spark Suspicion|url=http://www.northumberlandgazette.co.uk/news/local-news/duke-s-plan-sparks-suspicion-1-1478598|accessdate=10 October 2012|newspaper=Northumberland Gazette|date=7 February 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019143811/http://www.northumberlandgazette.co.uk/news/local-news/duke-s-plan-sparks-suspicion-1-1478598|archive-date=19 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Northumberland Estates manages {{convert|100000|acres|km2}}: directly managing {{convert|4000|acres|km2}} of forestry and {{convert|20000|acres|km2}} of farmland, with approximately 100 tenant farmers managing the remaining bulk of the land.<ref>{{cite web|title=Farming|url=http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/business_farming.php|work=The Northumberland Estates|publisher=The Northumberland Estates|access-date=10 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421084822/http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/business_farming.php|archive-date=21 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Sawmill and Forestry|url=http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/business_sawmill.php|work=The Northumberland Estates|publisher=The Northumberland Estates|access-date=10 October 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421043443/http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/business_sawmill.php|archive-date=21 April 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Duke's Plans Spark Suspicion|url=http://www.northumberlandgazette.co.uk/news/local-news/duke-s-plan-sparks-suspicion-1-1478598|access-date=10 October 2012|newspaper=Northumberland Gazette|date=7 February 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019143811/http://www.northumberlandgazette.co.uk/news/local-news/duke-s-plan-sparks-suspicion-1-1478598|archive-date=19 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==Other members of the Percy family==
==Other members of the Percy family==
{{see|Percy family}}
{{further|Percy family}}


Several other members of the Percy family have also gained distinction. [[Charlotte Percy, Duchess of Northumberland]], wife of the third Duke, was governess of the future [[Queen Victoria]]. [[Lord Josceline Percy]], second son of the fifth Duke, was a politician. [[Lord Henry Percy]], third son of the fifth Duke, was a soldier. [[Lord Algernon Percy]], second son of the sixth Duke, was a politician. [[Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle|Lord Eustace Percy]], seventh son of the seventh Duke, was a politician who was raised to the peerage as Baron Percy of Newcastle in 1953. [[Jane Percy, Duchess of Northumberland]], wife of the twelfth Duke, is [[Lord-Lieutenant of Northumberland]] since 2009. See also [[Earl of Beverley]] for younger sons of the first Earl of Beverley. <section end=members/> <section begin=residences/>
Several other members of the Percy family have also gained distinction. [[Charlotte Percy, Duchess of Northumberland]], wife of the third Duke, was governess of the future [[Queen Victoria]]. [[Lord Josceline Percy]], second son of the fifth Duke, was a politician. [[Lord Henry Percy]], third son of the fifth Duke, was a soldier. [[Lord Algernon Percy]], second son of the sixth Duke, was a politician. [[Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle|Lord Eustace Percy]], seventh son of the seventh Duke, was a politician who was raised to the peerage as Baron Percy of Newcastle in 1953. [[Jane Percy, Duchess of Northumberland]], wife of the twelfth Duke, is [[Lord-Lieutenant of Northumberland]] since 2009. See also [[Earl of Beverley]] for younger sons of the first Earl of Beverley. <section end=members/> <section begin=residences/>


==Family residences==
==Family residences==
The seat of the Dukes of Northumberland is [[Alnwick Castle]], which is located in [[Alnwick]], Northumberland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alnwickcastle.com/|title=Alnwick Castle|author=|date=|website=Alnwickcastle.com}}</ref> The family's London residence is [[Syon House]] in [[Brentford]], which replaced, as their London residence, the demolished [[Northumberland House]] in the [[Strand, London|Strand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syonpark.co.uk|title=Welcome|first=Syon Park - w|last=www.syonpark.co.uk|date=|website=Syonpark.co.uk}}</ref> [[Warkworth Castle|Warkworth]] and [[Prudhoe Castle|Prudhoe]] castles were the residences of the [[Earl of Northumberland|Earls of Northumberland]] in the Middle Ages, and ownership was retained by the later Dukes. Both are now in the custody of [[English Heritage]]. Albury Park is a former residence which has been converted into apartments, while the surrounding estate is still directly owned by the Duke.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://alburyparkmansions.com/history/|title=History - Albury Park|work=Albury Park|access-date=2017-04-10|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806022449/http://alburyparkmansions.com/history/|archive-date=6 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The traditional burial place of the Dukes is the [[Northumberland Vault]] in [[Westminster Abbey]] in London, the Percys thus being the last family to maintain such a privilege. Their family vault is however nearly full, and a new private graveyard has been created in [[Hulne Park]] near Alnwick. <section end=residences/>
The seat of the Dukes of Northumberland is [[Alnwick Castle]], which is located in [[Alnwick]], Northumberland.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alnwickcastle.com/|title=Alnwick Castle|website=Alnwickcastle.com}}</ref> The family's London residence is [[Syon House]] in [[Brentford]], which replaced, as their London residence, the demolished [[Northumberland House]] in the [[Strand, London|Strand]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.syonpark.co.uk|title=Welcome|first=Syon Park – w|last=syonpark.co.uk|website=Syonpark.co.uk}}</ref> [[Warkworth Castle|Warkworth]] and [[Prudhoe Castle|Prudhoe]] castles were the residences of the [[Earl of Northumberland|Earls of Northumberland]] in the Middle Ages, and ownership was retained by the later Dukes. Both are now in the custody of [[English Heritage]]. [[Albury Park]] is a former residence which has been converted into apartments, while the surrounding estate is still directly owned by the Duke.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://alburyparkmansions.com/history/|title=History – Albury Park|work=Albury Park|access-date=2017-04-10|language=en-GB|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806022449/http://alburyparkmansions.com/history/|archive-date=6 August 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The traditional burial place of the Dukes is the [[Northumberland Vault]] in [[Westminster Abbey]] in London, the Percys thus being the last family to maintain such a privilege. Their family vault is however nearly full, and a new private graveyard has been created in [[Hulne Park]] near Alnwick. <section end=residences/>


==List of titleholders==
==List of titleholders==
===Dukes of Northumberland; First creation (1551)===
===Dukes of Northumberland; First creation (1551)===
{| style="text-align:center; width:80%" class="wikitable"
[[File:John Dudley (Knole, Kent).jpg|thumb|[[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]]]
{| style="text-align:center; width:70%" class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[Edward VI of England]]
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[Edward VI of England]]
|-
|-
! style="width:10%%" | Name !! Period !! style="width:15%" | Duchess !! style="width:30%" | Notes !! Other titles
! style="width:10%%" | Image !! Name !! Period !! style="width:15%" | Duchess !! style="width:30%" | Notes !! Other titles
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|-
|-
| [[File:John Dudley (Knole, Kent).jpg|100px]]
| [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]<br/>(1504–1553) || 1551–1553 || [[Jane Dudley, Duchess of Northumberland|Jane Guildford]] || Tudor courtier and general, [[regent]] for [[Edward VI of England|Edward VI]], executed for [[high treason]] against [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] || [[Earl of Warwick#Earls of Warwick, Second Creation (1547)|Earl of Warwick]]<br/>[[Viscount Lisle#Viscounts Lisle, Fifth Creation (1543)|Viscount Lisle]]<br/>[[Baron Lisle#Barons Lisle, Fourth Creation (1444)|Baron Lisle]]
| [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]<br/>(1504–1553) || 1551–1553 || [[Jane Dudley, Duchess of Northumberland|Jane Guildford]] || Tudor courtier and general, [[regent]] for [[Edward VI]], executed for [[high treason]] against [[Mary I of England|Mary I]] || [[Earl of Warwick#Earls of Warwick, Second Creation (1547)|Earl of Warwick]]<br/>[[Viscount Lisle#Viscounts Lisle, Fifth Creation (1543)|Viscount Lisle]]<br/>[[Baron Lisle#Barons Lisle, Fourth Creation (1444)|Baron Lisle]]
|}
|}


===Dukes of Northumberland; Second creation (1683)===
===Dukes of Northumberland; Second creation (1683)===
{| style="text-align:center; width:80%" class="wikitable"
[[File:1stDukeOfNorthumberland.gif|thumb|[[George Fitzroy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]]]
{| style="text-align:center; width:70%" class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[Charles II of England]]
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[Charles II of England]]
|-
|-
! style="width:10%%" | Name !! Period !! style="width:15%" | Duchess !! style="width:30%" | Notes !! Other titles
! style="width:10%%" | Image !! Name !! Period !! style="width:15%" | Duchess !! style="width:30%" | Notes !! Other titles
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|-
|-
| [[File:1stDukeOfNorthumberland.gif|100px]]
| [[George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]<br/>(1665–1716) || 1683–1716 || Catherine Wheatley<br/>Mary Dutton || Illegitimate son of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], died without heirs male || [[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fourth (re)creation (1674)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Viscount Falmouth#Viscounts Falmouth, First Creation (1674)|Viscount Falmouth]]<br/>Baron of Pontefract
| [[George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]]<br/>(1665–1716) || 1683–1716 || Catherine Wheatley<br/>Mary Dutton || Illegitimate son of [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], died without heirs male || [[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fourth (re)creation (1674)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Viscount Falmouth#Viscounts Falmouth, First Creation (1674)|Viscount Falmouth]]<br/>Baron of Pontefract
|}
|}


===Earls of Northumberland; Fifth creation (1749)===
===Earls of Northumberland; Third creation (1749)===
{| style="text-align:center; width:70%" class="wikitable"
{| style="text-align:center; width:80%" class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[George II of Great Britain]]
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[George II of Great Britain]]
|-
|-
! style="width:10%%" | Name !! Period !! style="width:20%" | Countess !! style="width:25%" | Notes !! Other titles
! style="width:10%%" | Image !! Name !! Period !! style="width:20%" | Countess !! style="width:25%" | Notes !! Other titles
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|-
|-
| [[Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset|Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Northumberland]] (1684–1750) || 1749–1750|| Frances Thynne || || [[Duke of Somerset]] etc. <br/> [[Baron Warkworth]]
| [[File:John Vanderbank (1694-1739) - Algernon Seymour (1684–1750), Earl of Hertford, Later 7th Duke of Somerset - 485111 - National Trust.jpg|100px]]
| [[Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset|Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Northumberland]] (1684–1750) || 1749–1750|| Frances Thynne || Grandson of [[Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland]] || [[Duke of Somerset]] etc. <br/> [[Baron Warkworth]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Hughpercy.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland]] (1714–1786) || 1750–1786|| [[Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Elizabeth Percy,<br/>2nd Baroness Percy]] || Son-in-law of [[Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset|Algernon Seymour, 1st Earl of Northumberland]]; created Duke of Northumberland in 1766 || [[Baron Warkworth]] <br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland]] (1714–1786) || 1750–1786|| [[Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland (1716–1776)|Elizabeth Percy,<br/>2nd Baroness Percy]] || Son-in-law of [[Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset|Algernon Seymour, 1st Earl of Northumberland]]; created Duke of Northumberland in 1766 || [[Baron Warkworth]] <br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
|}
|}


===Dukes of Northumberland; Third creation (1766)===
===Dukes of Northumberland; Third creation (1766)===
{| style="text-align:center; width:70%" class="wikitable"
{| style="text-align:center;" class="wikitable"
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[George III of Great Britain]]
! colspan="6" style="background-color: #cbe" |Created by [[George III of Great Britain]]
|-
|-
! style="width:10%%" | Name !! Period !! style="width:20%" | Duchess !! style="width:25%" | Notes !! Other titles
! Image !! Name !! Period !! width=240px|Duchess !! Notes !! width=180px|Other titles
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|- bgcolor="#dddddd" |
|-
|-
| [[File:Hughpercy.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1714–1786) || 1766–1786|| [[Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Elizabeth Percy,<br/>2nd Baroness Percy]] || Created [[Lord Lovaine]] in 1784, with remainder to his second son [[Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley|Lord Algernon Percy]], later 2nd Lord Lovaine and 1st [[Earl of Beverley]]. || [[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/>[[Baron Lovaine]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1714–1786) || 1766–1786|| [[Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland (1716–1776)|Elizabeth Percy,<br/>2nd Baroness Percy]] || Created [[Lord Lovaine]] in 1784, with remainder to his second son [[Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley|Lord Algernon Percy]], later 2nd Lord Lovaine and 1st [[Earl of Beverley]]. || [[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/>[[Baron Lovaine]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Portrait of Hugh Percy, Second Duke of Northumberland by Gilbert Stuart, c. 1788.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1742–1817) || 1786–1817|| [[Frances Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Frances Burrell]] || Son of the preceding ||rowspan="2"| [[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1742–1817) || 1786–1817|| [[Frances Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Frances Burrell]] || Son of the preceding ||rowspan="2"| [[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Hugh Percy (1785–1847), 3rd Duke of Northumberland, by Thomas Phillips 1817.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1785–1847) || 1817–1847|| [[Charlotte Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Charlotte Clive]]||Son of the preceding; had been summoned to the [[House of Lords]] as Baron Percy in 1812
| [[Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1785–1847) || 1817–1847|| [[Charlotte Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Charlotte Clive]]||Son of the preceding; had been summoned to the [[House of Lords]] as Baron Percy in 1812
|-
|-
| [[File:Algernon Percy (1792–1865), 4th Duke of Northumberland by Francis Grant.jpg|100px]]
| [[Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1792–1865)|| 1847–1865|| [[Eleanor Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Eleanor Grosvenor]]||Brother of the preceding; had been created [[Baron Prudhoe]] in his own right in 1814||[[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/>[[Baron Prudhoe]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
| [[Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1792–1865)|| 1847–1865|| [[Eleanor Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Eleanor Grosvenor]]||Brother of the preceding; had been created [[Baron Prudhoe]] in his own right in 1814||[[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Percy]]<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/>[[Baron Prudhoe]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
|-
|-
| [[File:5th Duke of Northumberland cropped.jpg|100px]]
| [[George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1778–1867) || 1865–1867|| ''widowed'' ||Cousin of the preceding; eldest son of [[Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley]], second son of the 1st Duke of Northumberland – had succeeded in earldom in 1830||rowspan="5"|[[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Earl of Beverley]]<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/>[[Lord Lovaine]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
| [[George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland]] (1778–1867) || 1865–1867|| ''widowed'' ||Cousin of the preceding; eldest son of [[Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley]], second son of the 1st Duke of Northumberland – had succeeded in earldom in 1830||rowspan="5"|[[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Earl of Beverley]]<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/>[[Lord Lovaine]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
|-
|-
| [[File:Duke of Northumberland 1886 Hollyer.jpg|100px]]
| [[Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland|Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland]] (1810–1899) || 1867–1899|| Louisa Drummond ||Son of the preceding
| [[Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland|Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland]] (1810–1899) || 1867–1899|| Louisa Drummond ||Son of the preceding
|-
|-
| [[File:Earl Percy Vanity Fair 27 August 1881.jpg|100px]]
| [[Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland|Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland]] (1846–1918) || 1899–1918|| Lady Edith Campbell ||Son of the preceding; had been summoned to the [[House of Lords]] as Lord Lovaine in 1887
| [[Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland|Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland]] (1846–1918) || 1899–1918|| Lady Edith Campbell ||Son of the preceding; had been summoned to the [[House of Lords]] as Lord Lovaine in 1887
|-
|-
| [[Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland|Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland]] <br/>(1880–1930) || 1918–1930|| [[Helen Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Helen Gordon-Lennox]] ||Son of the preceding
| [[File:Alan Ian Percy 8th Duke of Northumberland - Alexander Bassano - pre-1913.jpg|100px]]
| [[Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland|Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland]] (1880–1930) || 1918–1930|| [[Helen Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Helen Gordon-Lennox]] ||Son of the preceding
|-
|-
| [[Henry Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland|Henry George Alan Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland]] (1912–1940) || 1930–1940|| ''none'' ||Son of the preceding
| [[File:George Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland.jpg|100px]]
| [[George Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland|Henry George Alan Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland]] (1912–1940) || 1930–1940|| ''none'' ||Son of the preceding
|-
|-
| [[File:10th Duke of Northumberland 4 Allan Warren.jpg|100px]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland]] (1914–1988) || 1940–1988|| [[Elizabeth Diana Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Elizabeth Montagu Douglas Scott]] ||Brother of the preceding||rowspan="3"|[[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Earl of Beverley]]<br/>[[Baron Percy]] <br/>(from 1957)<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/>[[Lord Lovaine]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
| [[Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland]] (1914–1988) || 1940–1988|| [[Elizabeth Diana Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Lady Elizabeth Montagu Douglas Scott]] ||Brother of the preceding||rowspan="3"|[[Earl of Northumberland#Earls of Northumberland, fifth (re)creation (1749)|Earl of Northumberland]]<br/>[[Earl Percy]]<br/>[[Earl of Beverley]]<br/>[[Baron Percy]] (from 1957)<br/>[[Baron Warkworth]]<br/>[[Lord Lovaine]]<br/> [[Smithson baronets|Baronet of Stanwick]]
|-
|-
| [[File:The 11th Duke of Northumberland Allan Warren.jpg|100px]]
| [[Henry Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland|Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland]] (1953–1995) || 1988–1995|| ''none'' ||Son of the preceding
| [[Henry Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland|Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland]] (1953–1995) || 1988–1995|| ''none'' ||Son of the preceding
|-
|-
| [[File:12th Duke of Northumberland Allan Warren.jpg|100px]]
| [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland|Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland]] (b. 1956) || since 1995|| [[Jane Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Jane Richard]]||Brother of the preceding
| [[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland|Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland]] (b. 1956) || since 1995|| [[Jane Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Jane Richard]]||Brother of the preceding
|}
|}
Line 133: Line 147:
The [[heir apparent]] is the present holder's elder son [[George Percy, Earl Percy]] (b. 1984)
The [[heir apparent]] is the present holder's elder son [[George Percy, Earl Percy]] (b. 1984)


====Family tree====
====Family tree and succession====
{{Northumberland family tree}}
{{hidden|Family tree: Dukes of Northumberland|{{Tree chart/start|style=font-size:90%}}
{{Collapse top
{{Tree chart | | | | | | |KH7 |KH7=[[Henry VII of England|King Henry VII]]<br>(1457–r.1485–1509)}}
|title={{small|Line of succession (simplified)}}<ref>{{Cite book |date=2019|chapter=Northumberland, Duke of (Percy) |editor1-last=Morris |editor1-first=Susan |editor2-last=Bosberry-Scott |editor2-first=Wendy |editor3-last=Belfield |editor3-first=Gervase |title=Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage|volume=1 |edition=150th |location=London |publisher=Debrett's |pages=2675–2682 |arxiv= |bibcode= |doi= |isbn=978-1-9997-6705-1}}</ref>}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | |f|~|~|~|~|~|7|}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | |MQF | | | | |:| |MQF=[[Mary Tudor, Queen of France|Princess Mary<br><small>(Queen of France)</small>]]<br>(1496–1533)<br>''m.(2)'' [[Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk|Charles Brandon,<br>1st Duke of Suffolk]]}}
{{Tree chart |DN51 | | | | |!| | | | |DN83 |
border=0|DN51=<small>''DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, 1551''</small>|DN83=<small>''DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, 1683''</small>}}
{{Tree chart |JDN | | | |FBS | | | |GFN |JDN=[[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland|John Dudley,<br>'''1st Duke of Northumberland''']]<br>(1504–1553)|FBS=[[Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk|Lady Frances Brandon]]<br>(1517–1559)<br>''m.'' [[Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk|Henry Grey,<br>1st Duke of Suffolk]]|GFN=[[George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland|George FitzRoy,<br>'''1st Duke of Northumberland''']]<br>(1665–1716)<br><small>''illegitimate son of [[Charles II of England|King Charles II]]''</small>
|boxstyle_JDN=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_GFN=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{Tree chart | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{Tree chart |LGD |-|LJG | |KGEH |LGD=[[Lord Guildford Dudley]]<br>(c.1535–1554)|LJG=[[Lady Jane Grey]]<br>(c.1537–1554)<br><small>''Queen for 9 days in 1553''</small>|KGEH=[[Lady Katherine Grey]]<br>(1540–1568)<br>''m.'' [[Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford|Edward Seymour,<br>1st Earl of Hertford]]}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | |ESVS |ESVS=[[Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp|Edward Seymour,<br>Viscount Beauchamp]]<br>(1561–1612)}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | |F1ST |F1ST=[[Francis Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Trowbridge|Francis, 1st Baron Seymour<br>of Trowbridge]]<br>(c.1590–1664)}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | |!| | |EN |
border=0|EN=''[[Earl of Northumberland]]''}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | |C2ST | |E11 |C2ST=[[Charles Seymour, 2nd Baron Seymour of Trowbridge|Charles, 2nd Baron Seymour<br>of Trowbridge]]<br>(c.1621–1665)|E11=[[Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland|Josceline Percy,<br>11th Earl of Northumberland]]<br>(1644–1670)}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | |C6S |v|EBP |C6S=[[Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset|Charles Seymour,<br>6th Duke of Somerset]]<br>(1662–1748)|EBP=[[Elizabeth Seymour, Duchess of Somerset|Elizabeth Percy,<br>Baroness Percy]]<br>(1667–1722)}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | |EN |
border=0|EN=<small>''EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND, 1749''</small>}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | | |A7S |
A7S=[[Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset|Algernon Seymour,<br>7th Duke of Somerset,<br>'''1st Earl of Northumberland''']]<br>(1684–1750)
|boxstyle_D7S=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{Tree chart | | |DN | | | | | | |!|
border=0|DN=<small>''DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND, 1766''</small>}}
{{Tree chart | | |D01 |-|-|v|-|-|ESP |D01=[[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Percy,<br/>2nd Earl of Northumberland,<br/>'''1st Duke of Northumberland''']]<br/>(1714–1786)<br><small>''formerly Sir Hugh Smithson, Bt.''</small>|ESP=[[Elizabeth Percy, Duchess of Northumberland|Elizabeth Seymour,<br>2nd Baroness Percy]]<br>(1716–1776)
|boxstyle_D01=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{Tree chart | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|.|}}
{{Tree chart | | | |!| | | | |EB |
border=0|EB=''[[Earl of Beverley]]''}}
{{Tree chart | | |D02 | | | |Alg |D02=[[Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Percy,<br/>'''2nd Duke of Northumberland''']]<br/>(1742–1817)|Alg=[[Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley|Algernon Percy,<br/>1st Earl of Beverley]]<br/>(1750–1830)
|boxstyle_D02=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{Tree chart | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!|}}
{{Tree chart |D03 | |D04 | |D05 | |D03=[[Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Percy,<br/>'''3rd Duke of Northumberland''']]<br/>(1785–1847)|D04=[[Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland|Algernon Percy,<br/>'''4th Duke of Northumberland''']]<br/>(1792–1865)|D05=[[George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland|George Percy,<br/>'''5th Duke of Northumberland''']]<br/>(1778–1867)
|boxstyle_D03=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_D04=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_D05=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | |D06 | |D06=[[Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland|Algernon George Percy,<br/>'''6th Duke of Northumberland''']]<br/>(1810–1899)
|boxstyle_D06=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | |D07 | |D07=[[Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland|Henry George Percy,<br/>'''7th Duke of Northumberland''']]<br/>(1846–1918)
|boxstyle_D07=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | | |D08 | |D08=[[Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland|Alan Ian Percy,<br/>'''8th Duke of Northumberland''']]<br/>(1880–1930)
|boxstyle_D08=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | |D09 | |D10 |D09=[[Henry Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland|Henry George Alan Percy,<br/>'''9th Duke of Northumberland''']]<br/>(1912–1940)|D10=[[Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Algernon Percy,<br/>'''10th Duke of Northumberland''']]<br/>(1914–1988)
|boxstyle_D09=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_D10=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| |}}
{{Tree chart | | | | | | |D11 | |D12 |D11=[[Henry Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland|Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy,<br/>'''11th Duke of Northumberland''']]<br/>(1953–1995)|D12=[[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland|Ralph George Algernon Percy,<br/>'''12th Duke of Northumberland''']]<br/>(b. 1956)
|boxstyle_D11=background-color:#CFFFFF|boxstyle_D12=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{Tree chart/end}}
|headerstyle=background:#ccccff|bodystyle=text-align:center}}

==Line of succession==
{{Tree list}}
{{Tree list}}
* [[Image:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland]] (1714/5–1786)''{{cn}}
*[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland (c. 1714–1786)''
** [[Image:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|15px]] ''[[Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley]] (1749/50–1830)''{{cn}}
**[[File:Coronet of a British Earl.svg|30px]] ''Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley (1750–1830)''
*** [[Image:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland]] (1778–1867){{cn}}
***[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland (1778–1867)''
**** [[Image:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland|Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland]] (1810–1899)''{{cn}}
****[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland (1810–1899)''
***** [[Image:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland|Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland]] (1846–1918)''{{cn}}
*****[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland (1846–1918)''
****** [[Image:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland|Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland]] (1880–1930)''{{cn}}
******[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland (1880–1930)''
******* [[Image:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] ''[[Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland|Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland]] (1914–1988)''<ref name="thepeerage.com"/>
*******[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] ''Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (1914–1988)''
******** [[Image:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|15px]] '''[[Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland|Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland]]''' (b. 1956){{cn}}
********[[File:Coronet of a British Duke.svg|30px]] '''Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland''' (b. 1956)
********* '''(1)''' [[George Percy, Earl Percy|George Dominic Percy, Earl Percy]] (b. 1984)
*********'''(1).''' [[George Percy, Earl Percy]] (b. 1984)
********* '''(2)''' Lord Max Ralph Percy (b. 1990)
*********'''(2).''' [[Lord Max Percy]] (b. 1990)
******** '''(3)''' Lord James William Eustace Percy (b. 1965){{cn}}
********'''(3).''' Lord James William Eustace Percy (b. 1965)
********* '''(4)''' Thomas Hugh Percy (b. 2001)
*********'''(4).''' Thomas Hugh Percy (b. 2001)
********* '''(5)''' Samuel James Edward Percy (b. 2008)
*********'''(5).''' Samuel James Edward Percy (b. 2008)
******* ''Lord Richard Charles Percy (1921–1989)''{{cn}}
*******''[[Lord Richard Percy|Lord Richard Charles Percy]] (1921–1989)''
******** '''(6)''' Algernon Alan Percy (b. 1969)
********male issue in remainder
******** '''(7)''' Josceline Richard Percy (b. 1971)
******''[[Lord William Percy|Lord William Richard Percy]] (1882–1963)''
****** ''Lord William Richard Percy (1882–1963)''{{cn}}
*******''Henry Edward Percy (1925–1985)''
********male issue in remainder
******* ''Henry Richard Percy (1925–1985)''{{cn}}
******** '''(8)''' George Robert Percy (b. 1953)
*******''Gerald Percy (1928–2005)''
********male issue and descendants in remainder
******** '''(9)''' James Edward Caulfield Percy (b. 1958)
******* ''Gerald Percy (1928–2005)''{{cn}}
***''[[Hugh Percy (bishop)|Hugh Percy]] (1784–1856)''
****''Algernon Charles Heber–Percy (1812–1901)''
******** '''(10)''' Richard John Percy (b. 1957)
******** '''(11)''' Andrew Alan Percy (b. 1963){{cn}}
*****''Algernon Heber-Percy (1845–1911)''
********* '''(12)''' Ayden Jay Percy (b. 1992)
******''Algernon Hugh Heber-Percy (1869–1941)''
********* '''(13)''' Callum Zane Percy (b. 1994)
*******''Algernon George William Heber-Percy (1904–1961)''
********male issue and descendants in remainder
****** [[Image:Coronet of a British Baron.svg|15px]] ''[[Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle|Eustace Sutherland Campbell Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle]] (1887–1958)''{{cn}}
*******''Hugh Reginald Heber-Percy (1905–1989)''
**** [[Image:Victoria_Cross.jpg|15px]] ''[[Lord Henry Percy|Lieutenant-General Lord Henry Hugh Manvers Percy, V.C.]] (1817–1877){{cn}}
********''William David Heber-Percy (1939–2020)''
*** ''[[Hugh Percy (bishop)|Right Reverend The Honourable Hugh Percy]] (1784–1856)''{{cn}}
*********male issue in remainder
**** ''Algernon Charles Heber-Percy (1812–1901)''{{cn}}
********other male issue in remainder
***** ''Algernon Heber-Percy (1845–1911)''{{cn}}
****** ''Algernon Hugh Heber-Percy (1869–1941)''{{cn}}
******''Josceline Reginald Heber-Percy (1880–1964)''
******* ''Brigadier Algernon George William Heber-Percy (1904–1961)''{{cn}}
*******''David Josceline Algernon Heber-Percy (1909–1971)''
********male issue and descendants in remainder
******** '''(14)''' Sir Algernon Eustace Hugh Heber-Percy (b. 1944){{cn}}
********* '''(15)''' Algernon Thomas Lever Heber-Percy (b. 1984)
*****''Alan William Heber-Percy (1865–1946)''
******* ''Lieutenant-Colonel Cyril Hugh Reginald Heber-Percy (1905–1989)''{{cn}}
******''Hugh Alan Heber-Percy (1897–1976)''
*******male issue in remainder
******** '''(16)''' William David Heber-Percy (b. 1939){{cn}}
********* '''(17)''' Peter Hugh Heber-Percy (b. 1971)
******''John Heber-Percy (1910–1975)''
*******male issue and descendants in remainder
******** '''(18)''' Cyril Raymond Heber-Percy (b. 1945){{cn}}
****** ''Josceline Reginald Heber-Percy (1880–1964)''{{cn}}
****''Henry Percy (1813–1870)''
******* ''Commander David Josceline Algernon Heber-Percy (1909–1971)''{{cn}}
*****''Josceline Hugh Percy (1856–1910)''
******** '''(19)''' Michael David Heber-Percy (b. 1943){{cn}}
******''Josceline Richard Percy (1894–1971)''
*******male issue in remainder
********* '''(20)''' Colin Michael Heber-Percy (b. 1968){{cn}}
********** '''(21)''' Joseph George Heber-Percy (b. 2000)
********** '''(22)''' Theodore Michael Philip Heber-Percy (b. 2002)
********* '''(23)''' Paul David Heber-Percy (b. 1970){{cn}}
***** ''Alan William Heber-Percy (1865–1946)''{{cn}}
****** ''Hugh Alan Heber-Percy (1897–1976)''{{cn}}
******* '''(24)''' Robin Heber-Percy (b. 1927){{cn}}
******* '''(25)''' John Kellie Heber-Percy (b. 1935){{cn}}
****** '''(26)''' Captain Bryan Heber-Percy (b. 1903){{cn}}
****** ''Group Captain John Heber-Percy (1910–1975){{cn}}
******* '''(27)''' The Reverend Christopher John Heber-Percy (b. 1941){{cn}}
******** '''(28)''' William John Heber-Percy (b. 1965){{cn}}
**** ''The Reverend Henry Percy (1813–1870)''{{cn}}
***** ''Captain Josceline Hugh Percy (1856–1910)''{{cn}}
****** ''Josceline Richard Percy (1894–1971)''{{cn}}
******* '''(29)''' Hugh Edward Percy (b. 1938){{cn}}
*** ''[[Henry Percy (British Army officer)|Lieutenant-Colonel The Honourable Henry Percy]] (1785–1825)''{{cn}}
{{Tree list/end}}
{{Tree list/end}}
{{collapse bottom}}


==Coat of arms==
==Coat of arms==
Line 262: Line 208:


== Ducal pipers==
== Ducal pipers==
Since at least the mid 18th century, the family has maintained a [[Northumbrian smallpipes|Northumbrian piper]]; the earliest known of these was Joseph Turnbull, who was painted in 1756 playing his pipes; the portrait, entitled ''Joseph Turnbull, Piper to the Duchess of Northumberland'' is at Alnwick Castle. At this time, before the Third Creation of the Dukedom, he would actually have been piper to the Countess. A later piper, William Green stated that "Joe Turnbull was the first Piper at Alnwick Castle – that was ever!" A list of the Ducal Pipers is at.<ref>http://www.northumbrianpipes.com/DucalPipers.htm Ducal Pipers</ref> The present Ducal Piper is Richard Butler. The piper's main duty is to play at the Shrove Tuesday football match in Alnwick.
Since at least the mid 18th century, the family has maintained a [[Northumbrian smallpipes|Northumbrian piper]]; the earliest known of these was Joseph Turnbull, who was painted in 1756 playing his pipes; the portrait, entitled ''Joseph Turnbull, Piper to the Duchess of Northumberland'' is at Alnwick Castle. At this time, before the Third Creation of the Dukedom, he would actually have been piper to the Countess. A later piper, William Green stated that "Joe Turnbull was the first Piper at Alnwick Castle – that was ever!" A list of the Ducal Pipers is at.<ref>http://www.northumbrianpipes.com/DucalPipers.htm {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041213144122/http://www.northumbrianpipes.com/DucalPipers.htm |date=13 December 2004 }} Ducal Pipers</ref> The Ducal Piper from 1982-2022 was Richard Butler and the position is currently held by Andrew Davison. The piper's main duty is to play at the Shrove Tuesday football match in Alnwick, but they are invited to a variety of other functions.


Other pipers have been associated less formally with the family – the notorious piper James Allan (1729–1810) was a favourite of the Countess; in the last century [[Tom Clough]] and [[Richard Mowat]] are known to have played together with the Duke's then piper, James Hall, for the Duke and his guests at Alnwick; one such guest was Edward VII, in 1905.<ref>The Clough Family of Newsham, edited by Chris Ormston and Julia Say, Northumbrian Pipers' Society, {{ISBN|0-902510-20-7}}</ref>
Other pipers have been associated less formally with the family – the notorious piper James Allan (1729–1810) was a favourite of the Countess; in the last century [[Tom Clough]] and [[Richard Mowat]] are known to have played together with the Duke's then piper, James Hall, for the Duke and his guests at Alnwick; one such guest was Edward VII, in 1905.<ref>The Clough Family of Newsham, edited by Chris Ormston and Julia Say, Northumbrian Pipers' Society, {{ISBN|0-902510-20-7}}</ref>
Line 268: Line 214:
== Named in their honour ==
== Named in their honour ==


* [[Northumberland Islands]], off [[Queensland]], Australia<ref>{{Cite QPN|24762|Northumberland Islands|island group in Isaac Region|accessdate=4 July 2017}}</ref>
* [[Northumberland Islands]], off [[Queensland]], Australia<ref>{{Cite QPN|24762|Northumberland Islands|island group in Isaac Region|access-date=4 July 2017}}</ref>
** [[Northumberland Islands National Park]], a protected area in Queensland
** [[Northumberland Islands National Park]], a protected area in Queensland
* [[Percy Isles]], off Queensland, Australia<ref>{{cite QPN|26441|Percy Isles|accessdate=13 September 2015}}</ref>
* [[Percy Isles]], off Queensland, Australia<ref>{{cite QPN|26441|Percy Isles|access-date=13 September 2015}}</ref>
** [[Percy Isles National Park]], a protected area in Queensland
** [[Percy Isles National Park]], a protected area in Queensland


==In popular culture==
==In popular culture==
*[[Henry Percy (Hotspur)|Sir Henry Percy]], popularly known as "Harry Hotspur", is portrayed as a dashing hero by [[William Shakespeare]] in his historical play ''[[Henry IV, Part One]]''. Sir Henry was the eldest son and heir apparent of the [[Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland|1st Earl of Northumberland]] and would have succeeded his father if not for his untimely death at the [[Battle of Shrewsbury]].
*[[Henry Percy (Hotspur)|Sir Henry Percy]], popularly known as "Harry Hotspur", is portrayed as a dashing hero by [[William Shakespeare]] in his historical play ''[[Henry IV, Part One]]''. Sir Henry was the eldest son and heir apparent of the [[Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland|1st Earl of Northumberland]] and would have succeeded his father if not for his untimely death at the [[Battle of Shrewsbury]].
*[[Lord Percy Percy]], played by [[Tim McInnerny]], is a major character in the first two series of the British sitcom ''[[Blackadder]]''. In the first series, he is the Duke of Northumberland, while The Lord Percy in the second series is presumably his descendant and is heir to the dukedom. The first series was partly filmed at [[Alnwick Castle]], the residence and seat of the real Dukes of Northumberland.
*[[Lord Percy Percy]], played by [[Tim McInnerny]], is a major character in the first two series of the British sitcom ''[[Blackadder]]''. In the first series, he is the Duke of Northumberland, while the Lord Percy in the second series is presumably his descendant and is heir to the dukedom. The first series was partly filmed at [[Alnwick Castle]], the residence and seat of the real Dukes of Northumberland.


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 281: Line 227:
*[[Alnwick Castle]] – the family's main residence
*[[Alnwick Castle]] – the family's main residence
*[[Alnwick Garden]] – adjacent to Alnwick Castle
*[[Alnwick Garden]] – adjacent to Alnwick Castle
*[[Syon House]] – the family's residence in the London area
*[[Northumberland House]] – the family's former residence in central London (demolished in 1874)
*[[Northumberland House]] – the family's former residence in central London (demolished in 1874)
*[[Northumbrian tartan]]
*[[Northumbrian tartan]]
*[[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]], in which several dukes played a role in the 19th to 20th centuries
*[[Syon House]] – the family's [[River Thames|Thames]]-side residence in west London


==References==
==References==
Line 291: Line 238:
==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Dukes of Northumberland}}
{{commons category|Dukes of Northumberland}}
*[http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/online/content/northumberland1766.htm Cracroft's Peerage page]
*[http://www.europeanheraldry.org/united-kingdom/families/families-m-r/house-percy/ European Heraldry page]
*[http://www.thepeerage.com/p1048.htm#i10475 The Peerage]
*[http://www.alnwickcastle.com/ Alnwick Castle website]
*[http://www.alnwickcastle.com/ Alnwick Castle website]
*[http://www.alnwickgarden.com Alnwick Garden website]
*[http://www.alnwickgarden.com Alnwick Garden website]
*[https://europeanheraldry.org/united-kingdom/families/families-m-r/house-percy/ European Heraldry page]
*[http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/ Northumberland Estates website]
*[http://www.northumberlandestates.co.uk/ Northumberland Estates website]
*[http://www.syonpark.co.uk Syon House website]
*[http://www.syonpark.co.uk Syon House website]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Northumberland}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Northumberland}}
[[Category:Dukes of Northumberland|*]]
[[Category:Dukes of Northumberland|*]]
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:Dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:History of Northumberland]]
[[Category:History of Northumberland]]
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[[Category:Forfeited dukedoms in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:Forfeited dukedoms in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Jacobite Peerage]]
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Jacobite Peerage]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1551]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1683]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1716]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1766]]

Latest revision as of 12:50, 4 June 2024

Not to be confused with Earl of Northumberland.

Dukedom of Northumberland
Arms of Percy, Dukes of Northumberland: Quarterly: 1st and 4th grandquarters: 1st and 4th counterquartered: 1st and 4th, Or a Lion rampant Azure (Brabant and Lovaine, Percy modern); 2nd and 3rd, Gules three Lucies hauriant Argent (Lucy); 2nd and 3rd, Azure five Fusils conjoined in fess Or (Percy ancient); 2nd and 3rd grandquarters: quarterly: 1st and 4th, Or three Bars wavy Gules (Drummond); 2nd and 3rd, Or a Lion's Head erased within a Double Tressure flory counterflory Gules (Drummond, coat of augmentation).
Creation date1766
CreationThird
Created byKing George III
PeeragePeerage of Great Britain
First holderHugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland
Present holderRalph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland
Heir apparentGeorge Percy, Earl Percy
Remainder tothe 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Subsidiary titlesEarl of Northumberland
Earl Percy
Earl of Beverley
Baron Warkworth
Baron Lovaine
Baronet, of Stanwick
Extinction date1553 (first creation)
1683 (second creation)
Seat(s)Alnwick Castle
Syon House
Former seat(s)Warkworth Castle
Prudhoe Castle
Kielder Castle
Northumberland House
Stanwick Park
Albury Park

Duke of Northumberland is a noble title that has been created three times in English and British history, twice in the Peerage of England and once in the Peerage of Great Britain. The current holder of this title is Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland.

1551 creation

[edit]

The title was first created in the Peerage of England in 1551 for John Dudley, 1st Earl of Warwick. He had already been created Viscount Lisle in 1543 and Earl of Warwick in 1547, also in the Peerage of England. In 1553, Dudley advanced the claim of his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, to the English throne, but when she was deposed by Queen Mary I, Dudley was convicted of high treason and executed. An illegitimate son of one of his younger sons, Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, Sir Robert Dudley, claimed the dukedom when in exile in Italy. On 9 March 1620 the Emperor Ferdinand II officially recognised the title, an act which infuriated James I of England.

1683 creation

[edit]

George FitzRoy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, an illegitimate son of king Charles II, was created Duke of Northumberland in the Peerage of England in 1683. He had already been created Baron of Pontefract, Viscount Falmouth and Earl of Northumberland in 1674, also in the Peerage of England. However, all the titles became extinct on his death in 1716 as he left no heirs.

Jacobite creation

[edit]

In 1716 Philip Wharton, 1st Duke of Wharton, was created Duke of Northumberland, Marquess of Woburn, Earl of Malmesbury and Viscount Winchendon in the Jacobite Peerage, by the Old Pretender. The title had no legal validity in the Kingdom of Great Britain.

1766 creation

[edit]
A portrait of Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland

The title was created for the third time in 1766 for Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (formerly Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet), who had assumed by Act of Parliament in 1750 for himself and his descendants the surname Percy, due to his having married in 1740 the daughter of Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset (1684–1750), whose mother Lady Elizabeth Percy (1667–1722) was the last of the senior blood line of the ancient House of Percy, being the only surviving child of Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland (1644–1670). In 1749 King George II created Algernon (who had inherited the Dukedom of Somerset in 1748) Earl of Northumberland and Baron Warkworth, of Warkworth Castle in the County of Northumberland, with special remainder to his son-in-law Sir Hugh Smithson, 4th Baronet.[1][2]

The above steps formed a deliberate move to allow ancient names and titles of the Percys to be revived in the male-heir exhausted senior branch of the Dukedom of Somerset, which at that time was about to see its largest removal – to another noble but very cadet branch (a fourth cousin) on Algernon's death. Algernon was also created Earl of Egremont at the same time, with a different remainder.[3]

In 1784 the 1st Duke was also granted the substantive title Lord Lovaine, Baron of Alnwick in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of Great Britain, with remainder to his second son Lord Algernon Percy,[4] who succeeded and who was created Earl of Beverley in 1790, and thus it too became a courtesy title.[5]

The 1st Duke was succeeded in the dukedom and associated titles by his eldest son, Hugh, the 2nd Duke, a lieutenant-general in the British Army. The 2nd Duke was in his turn succeeded by his eldest son, Hugh, the 3rd Duke, who in 1812, five years before he succeeded in the dukedom, had been summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Percy.[6] The 3rd Duke later held office as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland from 1829 to 1830. He was childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, Algernon, 1st Baron Prudhoe, the 4th Duke, who in 1814 had been created Baron Prudhoe, of Prudhoe Castle in the County of Northumberland, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.[7] The 4th Duke was an admiral in the Royal Navy and notably served as First Lord of the Admiralty in 1852. He was also childless and on his death in 1865 the barony of Prudhoe became extinct while the barony of Percy (which could be passed on through the female line) was inherited by his great-nephew, John Stewart-Murray, 7th Duke of Atholl. The Admiral was succeeded in the dukedom and remaining titles by his first cousin, George, the 2nd Earl of Beverley, eldest son of the second son of the 1st Duke. The barony of Lovaine and earldom of Beverley have since been merged in the dukedom as courtesy titles.

The 5th Duke was succeeded by his eldest son, Algernon, the 6th Duke, who notably served as Lord Privy Seal between 1879 and 1880 under Lord Beaconsfield. The 6th Duke's eldest son, Henry, the 7th Duke, was summoned to the House of lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Lord Lovaine in 1887.[8] The 7th Duke's eldest son, Henry Percy, Earl Percy, predeceased him. He was succeeded by his fourth but eldest surviving son, Alan, the 8th Duke, whose eldest son, Henry, the 9th Duke, was killed during the retreat to Dunkirk during the Second World War. Henry was succeeded by his younger brother, Hugh, the 10th Duke. In 1957, on the death of his fourth cousin once removed, James Stewart-Murray, 9th Duke of Atholl, Hugh succeeded as 9th Baron Percy, the title thus re-merging with the Dukedom. As of 2012 the titles are held by his second son, Ralph, the 12th Duke, who succeeded on the death of his elder brother in 1995.

Northumberland Estates manages 100,000 acres (400 km2): directly managing 4,000 acres (16 km2) of forestry and 20,000 acres (81 km2) of farmland, with approximately 100 tenant farmers managing the remaining bulk of the land.[9][10][11]

Other members of the Percy family

[edit]
Further information: Percy family

Several other members of the Percy family have also gained distinction. Charlotte Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, wife of the third Duke, was governess of the future Queen Victoria. Lord Josceline Percy, second son of the fifth Duke, was a politician. Lord Henry Percy, third son of the fifth Duke, was a soldier. Lord Algernon Percy, second son of the sixth Duke, was a politician. Lord Eustace Percy, seventh son of the seventh Duke, was a politician who was raised to the peerage as Baron Percy of Newcastle in 1953. Jane Percy, Duchess of Northumberland, wife of the twelfth Duke, is Lord-Lieutenant of Northumberland since 2009. See also Earl of Beverley for younger sons of the first Earl of Beverley.

Family residences

[edit]

The seat of the Dukes of Northumberland is Alnwick Castle, which is located in Alnwick, Northumberland.[12] The family's London residence is Syon House in Brentford, which replaced, as their London residence, the demolished Northumberland House in the Strand.[13] Warkworth and Prudhoe castles were the residences of the Earls of Northumberland in the Middle Ages, and ownership was retained by the later Dukes. Both are now in the custody of English Heritage. Albury Park is a former residence which has been converted into apartments, while the surrounding estate is still directly owned by the Duke.[14] The traditional burial place of the Dukes is the Northumberland Vault in Westminster Abbey in London, the Percys thus being the last family to maintain such a privilege. Their family vault is however nearly full, and a new private graveyard has been created in Hulne Park near Alnwick.

List of titleholders

[edit]

Dukes of Northumberland; First creation (1551)

[edit]
Created by Edward VI of England
Image Name Period Duchess Notes Other titles
John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland
(1504–1553)		 1551–1553 Jane Guildford Tudor courtier and general, regent for Edward VI, executed for high treason against Mary I Earl of Warwick
Viscount Lisle
Baron Lisle

Dukes of Northumberland; Second creation (1683)

[edit]
Created by Charles II of England
Image Name Period Duchess Notes Other titles
George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland
(1665–1716)		 1683–1716 Catherine Wheatley
Mary Dutton		 Illegitimate son of Charles II, died without heirs male Earl of Northumberland
Viscount Falmouth
Baron of Pontefract

Earls of Northumberland; Third creation (1749)

[edit]
Created by George II of Great Britain
Image Name Period Countess Notes Other titles
Algernon Seymour, 7th Duke of Somerset, 1st Earl of Northumberland (1684–1750) 1749–1750 Frances Thynne Grandson of Josceline Percy, 11th Earl of Northumberland Duke of Somerset etc.
Baron Warkworth
Hugh Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (1714–1786) 1750–1786 Elizabeth Percy,
2nd Baroness Percy		 Son-in-law of Algernon Seymour, 1st Earl of Northumberland; created Duke of Northumberland in 1766 Baron Warkworth
Baronet of Stanwick

Dukes of Northumberland; Third creation (1766)

[edit]
Created by George III of Great Britain
Image Name Period Duchess Notes Other titles
Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland
(1714–1786)		 1766–1786 Elizabeth Percy,
2nd Baroness Percy		 Created Lord Lovaine in 1784, with remainder to his second son Lord Algernon Percy, later 2nd Lord Lovaine and 1st Earl of Beverley. Earl of Northumberland
Earl Percy
Baron Warkworth
Baron Lovaine
Baronet of Stanwick
Hugh Percy, 2nd Duke of Northumberland
(1742–1817)		 1786–1817 Frances Burrell Son of the preceding Earl of Northumberland
Earl Percy
Baron Percy
Baron Warkworth
Baronet of Stanwick
Hugh Percy, 3rd Duke of Northumberland
(1785–1847)		 1817–1847 Lady Charlotte Clive Son of the preceding; had been summoned to the House of Lords as Baron Percy in 1812
Algernon Percy, 4th Duke of Northumberland
(1792–1865)		 1847–1865 Lady Eleanor Grosvenor Brother of the preceding; had been created Baron Prudhoe in his own right in 1814 Earl of Northumberland
Earl Percy
Baron Percy
Baron Warkworth
Baron Prudhoe
Baronet of Stanwick
George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland (1778–1867) 1865–1867 widowed Cousin of the preceding; eldest son of Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley, second son of the 1st Duke of Northumberland – had succeeded in earldom in 1830 Earl of Northumberland
Earl Percy
Earl of Beverley
Baron Warkworth
Lord Lovaine
Baronet of Stanwick
Algernon George Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland (1810–1899) 1867–1899 Louisa Drummond Son of the preceding
Henry George Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland (1846–1918) 1899–1918 Lady Edith Campbell Son of the preceding; had been summoned to the House of Lords as Lord Lovaine in 1887
Alan Ian Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland (1880–1930) 1918–1930 Lady Helen Gordon-Lennox Son of the preceding
Henry George Alan Percy, 9th Duke of Northumberland (1912–1940) 1930–1940 none Son of the preceding
Hugh Algernon Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (1914–1988) 1940–1988 Lady Elizabeth Montagu Douglas Scott Brother of the preceding Earl of Northumberland
Earl Percy
Earl of Beverley
Baron Percy (from 1957)
Baron Warkworth
Lord Lovaine
Baronet of Stanwick
Henry Alan Walter Richard Percy, 11th Duke of Northumberland (1953–1995) 1988–1995 none Son of the preceding
Ralph George Algernon Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland (b. 1956) since 1995 Jane Richard Brother of the preceding

The heir apparent is the present holder's elder son George Percy, Earl Percy (b. 1984)

Family tree and succession

[edit]
Line of succession (simplified)[15]
  • Hugh Percy, 1st Duke of Northumberland (c. 1714–1786)
    • Algernon Percy, 1st Earl of Beverley (1750–1830)
      • George Percy, 5th Duke of Northumberland (1778–1867)
        • Algernon Percy, 6th Duke of Northumberland (1810–1899)
          • Henry Percy, 7th Duke of Northumberland (1846–1918)
            • Alan Percy, 8th Duke of Northumberland (1880–1930)
              • Hugh Percy, 10th Duke of Northumberland (1914–1988)
                • Ralph Percy, 12th Duke of Northumberland (b. 1956)
                • (3). Lord James William Eustace Percy (b. 1965)
                  • (4). Thomas Hugh Percy (b. 2001)
                  • (5). Samuel James Edward Percy (b. 2008)
              • Lord Richard Charles Percy (1921–1989)
                • male issue in remainder
            • Lord William Richard Percy (1882–1963)
              • Henry Edward Percy (1925–1985)
                • male issue in remainder
              • Gerald Percy (1928–2005)
                • male issue and descendants in remainder
      • Hugh Percy (1784–1856)
        • Algernon Charles Heber–Percy (1812–1901)
          • Algernon Heber-Percy (1845–1911)
            • Algernon Hugh Heber-Percy (1869–1941)
              • Algernon George William Heber-Percy (1904–1961)
                • male issue and descendants in remainder
              • Hugh Reginald Heber-Percy (1905–1989)
                • William David Heber-Percy (1939–2020)
                  • male issue in remainder
                • other male issue in remainder
            • Josceline Reginald Heber-Percy (1880–1964)
              • David Josceline Algernon Heber-Percy (1909–1971)
                • male issue and descendants in remainder
          • Alan William Heber-Percy (1865–1946)
            • Hugh Alan Heber-Percy (1897–1976)
              • male issue in remainder
            • John Heber-Percy (1910–1975)
              • male issue and descendants in remainder
        • Henry Percy (1813–1870)
          • Josceline Hugh Percy (1856–1910)
            • Josceline Richard Percy (1894–1971)
              • male issue in remainder

Coat of arms

[edit]
Coat of arms of Duke of Northumberland
Coronet
A Coronet of a Duke
Crest
On a Chapeau Gules turned up Ermine a Lion statant with tail extended Azure
Escutcheon
Quarterly: 1st and 4th grandquarters: 1st and 4th counterquartered: 1st and 4th, Or a Lion rampant Azure (Brabant and Lovaine); 2nd and 3rd, Gules three Lucies hauriant Argent (Lucy); 2nd and 3rd, Azure five Fusils conjoined in fess Or (Percy); 2nd and 3rd grandquarters: quarterly: 1st and 4th, Or three Bars wavy Gules (Drummond); 2nd and 3rd, Or a Lion's Head erased within a Double Tressure flory counterflory Gules (Drummond, coat of augmentation)
Supporters
Dexter: a Lion rampant Azure; Sinister: a Lion rampant guardant Or ducally crowned of the last gorged with a Collar company Argent and Azure
Motto
Esperance En Dieu (Hope in God)

Ducal pipers

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Since at least the mid 18th century, the family has maintained a Northumbrian piper; the earliest known of these was Joseph Turnbull, who was painted in 1756 playing his pipes; the portrait, entitled Joseph Turnbull, Piper to the Duchess of Northumberland is at Alnwick Castle. At this time, before the Third Creation of the Dukedom, he would actually have been piper to the Countess. A later piper, William Green stated that "Joe Turnbull was the first Piper at Alnwick Castle – that was ever!" A list of the Ducal Pipers is at.[16] The Ducal Piper from 1982-2022 was Richard Butler and the position is currently held by Andrew Davison. The piper's main duty is to play at the Shrove Tuesday football match in Alnwick, but they are invited to a variety of other functions.

Other pipers have been associated less formally with the family – the notorious piper James Allan (1729–1810) was a favourite of the Countess; in the last century Tom Clough and Richard Mowat are known to have played together with the Duke's then piper, James Hall, for the Duke and his guests at Alnwick; one such guest was Edward VII, in 1905.[17]

Named in their honour

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "No. 8887". The London Gazette. 23 September 1749. p. 2.
  2. ^ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1037
  3. ^ Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.851
  4. ^ "No. 12514". The London Gazette. 27 January 1784. p. 2.
  5. ^ "No. 13249". The London Gazette. 26 October 1790. p. 646.
  6. ^ "No. 16583". The London Gazette. 14 March 1812. p. 497.
  7. ^ "No. 17164". The London Gazette. 17 August 1816. p. 1596.
  8. ^ "No. 25723". The London Gazette. 22 July 1887. p. 4001.
  9. ^ "Farming". The Northumberland Estates. The Northumberland Estates. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  10. ^ "Sawmill and Forestry". The Northumberland Estates. The Northumberland Estates. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  11. ^ "Duke's Plans Spark Suspicion". Northumberland Gazette. 7 February 2001. Archived from the original on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  12. ^ "Alnwick Castle". Alnwickcastle.com.
  13. ^ syonpark.co.uk, Syon Park – w. "Welcome". Syonpark.co.uk.
  14. ^ "History – Albury Park". Albury Park. Archived from the original on 6 August 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2017.
  15. ^ Morris, Susan; Bosberry-Scott, Wendy; Belfield, Gervase, eds. (2019). "Northumberland, Duke of (Percy)". Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage. Vol. 1 (150th ed.). London: Debrett's. pp. 2675–2682. ISBN 978-1-9997-6705-1.
  16. ^ http://www.northumbrianpipes.com/DucalPipers.htm Archived 13 December 2004 at the Wayback Machine Ducal Pipers
  17. ^ The Clough Family of Newsham, edited by Chris Ormston and Julia Say, Northumbrian Pipers' Society, ISBN 0-902510-20-7
  18. ^ "Northumberland Islands – island group in Isaac Region (entry 24762)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  19. ^ "Percy Isles (entry 26441)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
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