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{|{{Infobox ship begin |infobox caption=}} <!-- commercial vessels --><!---->
{{Multiple issues|
{{Refimprove|date=December 2015}}
{{Unreliable sources|date=December 2015}}
}}

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{|{{Infobox ship begin |infobox caption=}} <!-- commercial vessels --><!-- caption: yes, nodab, or <caption text> -->
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Soviet Union}}
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Soviet Union}}
|Ship name={{flagicon|Soviet Union}} SS ''Gruzyia''
|Ship name=''Gruziya''
|Ship namesake=
|Ship namesake=
|Ship owner=Black Sea State Shipping Co.
|Ship owner=[[Black Sea Shipping Company|Black Sea State Shipping Company]]
|Ship operator=
|Ship operator=
|Ship registry=
|Ship registry=[[Odessa]], [[Soviet Union]]
|Ship route=
|Ship route=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft A. G.
|Ship builder=[[Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft]], [[Kiel]]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=
|Ship yard number=
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|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship in service=1928
|Ship in service=1928
|Ship out of service=13 June 1942
|Ship out of service=
|Ship identification=
|Ship identification=
|Ship fate=Sunk after a German air raid
|Ship fate=Sunk by German aircraft, 13 June 1942
|Ship status=
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=
|Ship class={{sclass|Krim|ocean liner}}
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|Ship tonnage=*{{GRT|4,857|disp=long}}
|Ship type=[[Passenger ship]]
*{{NRT|2625|disp=long}}
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|Ship tonnage={{GRT|4,857}}
*{{DWT|1520|disp=long}}
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|Ship length={{convert|115.9|m|ftin}}
|Ship beam={{convert|15.6|m|ftin}}
|Ship length={{cvt|380|ft|2|in|m|1|disp=flip}}
|Ship beam={{cvt|51|ft|1|in|m|1|disp=flip}}
|Ship height=
|Ship height=
|Ship draught=
|Ship draught={{cvt|19|ft|m|1|disp=flip}}
|Ship draft=
|Ship draft=
|Ship depth={{convert|5.8|m|ftin}}
|Ship depth={{cvt|25.3|ft|m|1|disp=flip}}
|Ship Armament=
|Ship armament=
|Ship decks=
|Ship decks=2
|Ship power=1,163 [[nominal horsepower|nhp]]
|Ship deck clearance=
|Ship propulsion=2 [[screw propeller]]s; 2 [[diesel engine]]s
|Ship ramps=
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|Ship speed={{convert|13|or|15|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship ice class=
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship capacity=450 passengers
|Ship power=2 diesel engines
|Ship propulsion=Double screw propellers
|Ship speed=13.6 knots
|Ship capacity=
|Ship crew=
|Ship crew=
|Ship notes= Captain M. I. Fokin
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
|}
|}


'''MS ''Gruzyia''''' was a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[passenger ship]] that was sunk by a German air raid in the [[Black Sea]] while she was travelling from [[Novorossiysk]] to [[Sevastopol]] with 4,000 troops and a cargo of ammunition on board.
'''MS ''Gruziya''''' was one of six [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] {{sclass|Krim|ocean liner}}s during the late 1920s built for the [[Black Sea Shipping Company|Black Sea State Shipping Company]]. During the [[Second World War]], she participated in the [[Siege of Odessa (1941)|Siege of Odessa]] in 1941 and the [[Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)|Siege of Sevastopol]] in 1942. The ship was sunk by a German bomber en route to the latter port in June; there were no survivors.


== Construction ==
== Description ==
''Gruziya'' had an [[overall length]] of {{convert|380|ft|2|in|m|1|disp=flip}}, with a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|51|ft|1|in|m|1|disp=flip}} and a [[draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|19|ft|m|1|disp=flip}}.<ref name=j6/> She had two [[deck (ship)|deck]]s and a [[Glossary of nautical terms (A-L)#D|depth of hold]] of {{convert|25.3|ft|m|1|disp=flip}}. The ship was assessed at {{GRT|4,857|disp=long}}, {{NRT|2661|disp=long}},<ref name=ESM/> and {{DWT|1520|disp=long}}.<ref name=j6>Jordan, p. 376</ref> She had a pair of six-cylinder, [[two-stroke diesel engine]]s, each driving a [[screw propeller]], and the engines were rated at a total of 1,163 [[nominal horsepower]].<ref name=ESM>{{cite book |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |date=1937 |publisher=Lloyd's of London|volume=II: Steamers and Motorships of 300 Tons Gross and over |location=London |edition=1937–1938 |url=https://plimsoll.southampton.gov.uk/shipdata/pdfs/37/37b0352.pdf |access-date=17 November 2022}}</ref> Sources differ about her maximum speed, quoting speeds of {{convert|13|kn|lk=in}}<ref name=j6/> or {{convert|15|kn}}.<ref name=w2/> The ship had a designed capacity of 450 passengers.<ref name=w2>Wilson, p. 20</ref>
''Gruzyia'' was constructed in 1928 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft A. G. shipyard in [[Kiel]], [[Germany]]. She was completed in 1928. The ship was {{convert|115.9|m|ftin}} long, with a beam of {{convert|15.6|m|ftin}} and a depth of {{convert|5.8|m|ftin}}. The ship was assessed at {{GRT|4,857}}. She had two diesel engines driving two screw propellers and the engine was rated at 3,000 [[nominal horsepower|nhp]].<ref name=ESM>{{cite web |url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?149706 |title=Gruzyia |publisher=wrecksite.eu |date=22 December 2009 |accessdate=22 December 2015}}</ref>


== Sinking ==
== Construction and career ==
''Gruziya'' was one of the two ships in the class that was constructed in 1928 at the [[Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft]] [[shipyard]] in [[Kiel]], [[Germany]]. After completion the ship was assigned to the Black Sea State Shipping Company by [[Sovtorgflot]] with its [[port of registry]] at [[Odessa]].<ref name=ESM/><ref name=j6/>
On 13 June 1942, ''Gruzyia'' was travelling from [[Novorossiysk]], [[Russia]] to [[Sevastopol]], [[Ukraine]] with 4,000 troops and a cargo of ammunition on board when she was spotted by German aircraft. She was sunk by the German air raid after one of the bombs exploded in the cargo room where all the ammunition were stored, the explosion that followed killed approx. 3,500 men and sank the ship in the blink of an eye. Only 500 men survived the ordeal and were rescued later.


After the invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 ([[Operation Barbarossa]]) by Nazi Germany and its allies, ''Gruziya'' was used for military tasks. On 16–21 September, she served as a [[troopship]] ferrying part of the [[157th Rifle Division]] from [[Novorossiysk]] to Odessa. A day after commencing the voyage, the convoy of which she was a part was fruitlessly attacked by German aircraft. The following month, the ship arrived in Odessa on 14 October in preparation to evacuate the city's defenders and was damaged by a German bomber. ''Gruziya'' loaded some troops and the convoy of which she was a part arrived at [[Sevastopol]] on the 16th despite repeated German air attacks.<ref>Rohwer, pp. 100, 108</ref>
== Wreck ==
The Soviets tried to salvage ''Gruzyia'' in 1949, but after the wreck surfaced, the salvors found a large number of unexploded gas shells and bombs in her cargo hold which had not exploded when the ship sank 7 years earlier. After deciding it was to dangerous to salvage the wreck, the salvors placed the wreck gently back on the sea floor.


After repairs were completed, the liner transported troops and supplies to the besieged garrison of Sevastopol on 18 and 20 May 1942 and evacuated wounded men on the return voyage. ''Gruziya'' and the [[destroyer]] {{ship|Soviet destroyer|Tashkent||2}} ferried 2,734 reinforcements to Sevastopol and returned 1,200 wounded on 28 May. Together with the [[minesweeper]] ''T-401/Tral'' and four [[patrol boat]]s, the ship took 750 troops to Sevastopol and evacuated 850 wounded men and 724 civilians on 7 June.<ref>Rohwer, pp. 166, 169–170</ref>
However, the Soviets tried to salvage the wreck again in 1956 or 1960. But when she was being lifted to the surface, the ships weak structure after 14 years of exposure to the elements broke in two and sank to the seabed again. All attempt to salvage the ship and her cargo have been abandoned and her wreck and dangerous cargo still lay on the bottom of the Black Sea.

On the night of 12/13 June, ''Gruziya'' was bound for Sevastopol with a cargo of ammunition on board that included chemical shells filled with [[Lewisite]] and [[mustard gas]]. Escorted by a pair of minesweepers, she was unsuccessfully attacked by Italian [[MAS (motorboat)|MAS boats]]. The following morning the convoy was attacked by German aircraft. One bomb landed in the aft cargo hold where all the ammunition was stored, detonating it. The resulting explosion blew the ship in half; there were no survivors.<ref>Rohwer, p. 172; Forczyk, pp. 160–161</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last1=Bollinger |first1=Martin J. |title=From the Revolution to the Cold War: A History of the Soviet Merchant Fleet from 1917 to 1950 |date=2012 |publisher=World Ship Society |location=Windsor, UK |isbn=978-0-9560769-4-6}}
*{{cite book |last1=Budzbon |first1=Przemysław |last2=Radziemski |first2=Jan |last3=Twardowski |first3=Marek |title=Warships of the Soviet Fleets 1939–1945 |date=2022 |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley, UK |isbn=978-1-3990-2281-1|volume=III: Naval Auxiliaries|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book |last1=Jordan |first1=Roger W. |title=The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939: The Particulars and Wartime Fates of 6,000 ships |date=1999 |publisher=Chatham Publishing |location=London |isbn=1-86176-023-X}}
*{{cite book |last1=Forczyk |first1=Robert |title=Where the Iron Crosses Grow: The Crimea 1941-44 |date=2014 |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-1-78200-625-1}}
* {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two |publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005 |edition=Third Revised |isbn=1-59114-119-2|author-link=Jürgen Rohwer}}
*{{cite book |last1=Wilson |first1=Edward A. |title=Soviet Passenger Ships, 1917–1977 |date=1978 |publisher=World Ship Society |location=Kendal, UK |isbn=0-905617-04-5}}

{{Krim-class ocean liner}}
{{June 1942 shipwrecks}}
{{June 1942 shipwrecks}}


{{coord missing}}
{{coord missing|Black Sea}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Gruzyia}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gruziya}}
[[Category:Krim-class ocean liner]]
[[Category:Ships built in Kiel]]
[[Category:Ships built in Kiel]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by German aircraft]]
[[Category:Ships sunk by German aircraft]]

Latest revision as of 15:09, 3 June 2024

History
NameGruziya
OwnerBlack Sea State Shipping Company
Port of registryOdessa, Soviet Union
BuilderFriedrich Krupp Germaniawerft, Kiel
Completed1928
In service1928
FateSunk by German aircraft, 13 June 1942
General characteristics
Class and typeKrim-class ocean liner
Tonnage
Length115.9 m (380 ft 2 in)
Beam15.6 m (51 ft 1 in)
Draught5.8 m (19 ft)
Depth7.7 m (25.3 ft)
Decks2
Installed power1,163 nhp
Propulsion2 screw propellers; 2 diesel engines
Speed13 or 15 knots (24 or 28 km/h; 15 or 17 mph)
Capacity450 passengers

MS Gruziya was one of six Soviet Krim-class ocean liners during the late 1920s built for the Black Sea State Shipping Company. During the Second World War, she participated in the Siege of Odessa in 1941 and the Siege of Sevastopol in 1942. The ship was sunk by a German bomber en route to the latter port in June; there were no survivors.

Description

[edit]

Gruziya had an overall length of 115.9 metres (380 ft 2 in), with a beam of 15.6 metres (51 ft 1 in) and a draught of 5.8 metres (19 ft).[1] She had two decks and a depth of hold of 7.7 metres (25.3 ft). The ship was assessed at 4,857 gross register tons (GRT), 2,661 net register tons (NRT),[2] and 1,520 tons deadweight (DWT).[1] She had a pair of six-cylinder, two-stroke diesel engines, each driving a screw propeller, and the engines were rated at a total of 1,163 nominal horsepower.[2] Sources differ about her maximum speed, quoting speeds of 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph)[1] or 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[3] The ship had a designed capacity of 450 passengers.[3]

Construction and career

[edit]

Gruziya was one of the two ships in the class that was constructed in 1928 at the Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel, Germany. After completion the ship was assigned to the Black Sea State Shipping Company by Sovtorgflot with its port of registry at Odessa.[2][1]

After the invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 (Operation Barbarossa) by Nazi Germany and its allies, Gruziya was used for military tasks. On 16–21 September, she served as a troopship ferrying part of the 157th Rifle Division from Novorossiysk to Odessa. A day after commencing the voyage, the convoy of which she was a part was fruitlessly attacked by German aircraft. The following month, the ship arrived in Odessa on 14 October in preparation to evacuate the city's defenders and was damaged by a German bomber. Gruziya loaded some troops and the convoy of which she was a part arrived at Sevastopol on the 16th despite repeated German air attacks.[4]

After repairs were completed, the liner transported troops and supplies to the besieged garrison of Sevastopol on 18 and 20 May 1942 and evacuated wounded men on the return voyage. Gruziya and the destroyer Tashkent ferried 2,734 reinforcements to Sevastopol and returned 1,200 wounded on 28 May. Together with the minesweeper T-401/Tral and four patrol boats, the ship took 750 troops to Sevastopol and evacuated 850 wounded men and 724 civilians on 7 June.[5]

On the night of 12/13 June, Gruziya was bound for Sevastopol with a cargo of ammunition on board that included chemical shells filled with Lewisite and mustard gas. Escorted by a pair of minesweepers, she was unsuccessfully attacked by Italian MAS boats. The following morning the convoy was attacked by German aircraft. One bomb landed in the aft cargo hold where all the ammunition was stored, detonating it. The resulting explosion blew the ship in half; there were no survivors.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Jordan, p. 376
  2. ^ a b c Lloyd's Register of Shipping (PDF). Vol. II: Steamers and Motorships of 300 Tons Gross and over (1937–1938 ed.). London: Lloyd's of London. 1937. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  3. ^ a b Wilson, p. 20
  4. ^ Rohwer, pp. 100, 108
  5. ^ Rohwer, pp. 166, 169–170
  6. ^ Rohwer, p. 172; Forczyk, pp. 160–161

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Bollinger, Martin J. (2012). From the Revolution to the Cold War: A History of the Soviet Merchant Fleet from 1917 to 1950. Windsor, UK: World Ship Society. ISBN 978-0-9560769-4-6.
  • Budzbon, Przemysław; Radziemski, Jan & Twardowski, Marek (2022). Warships of the Soviet Fleets 1939–1945. Vol. III: Naval Auxiliaries. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-3990-2281-1.
  • Jordan, Roger W. (1999). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939: The Particulars and Wartime Fates of 6,000 ships. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-86176-023-X.
  • Forczyk, Robert (2014). Where the Iron Crosses Grow: The Crimea 1941-44. Oxford, UK. ISBN 978-1-78200-625-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  • Rohwer, Jürgen (2005). Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two (Third Revised ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-59114-119-2.
  • Wilson, Edward A. (1978). Soviet Passenger Ships, 1917–1977. Kendal, UK: World Ship Society. ISBN 0-905617-04-5.

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