Saale: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|River in Germany}} |
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{{about|the larger "Saxon" or "Thuringian" Saale|the Franconian Saale|Fränkische Saale}} |
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{{About|the river of Bavaria, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt|other uses and other rivers with the same name|Saale (disambiguation)}} |
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{{Infobox Fluss |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}} |
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| NAME= Saale |
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{{infobox river |
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| LAGE= In [[Bavaria]], [[Thuringia]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]], {{GER}} |
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| name = Saale |
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| map = Saale (rivière).png |
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| FLUSSSYSTEM= [[Elbe]] |
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| map_size = 280px |
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| ABFLUSSWEG= Elbe//North Sea |
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| map_caption = The Saale has its source in the [[Fichtel Mountains]] in northeastern [[Franconia]] ([[Bavaria]]) and flows into the [[Elbe]] at [[Barby, Germany|Barby]], [[Saxony-Anhalt]]. |
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| EINZUGSGEBIET= {{convert|24100|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} |
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| image = Petersgrat_bei_Hof_Bayern.jpg |
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| LÄNGE= {{convert|413|km|mi|abbr=on}} |
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| image_size = 250px |
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| ABFLUSS-MNQ= |
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| image_caption = The Saale valley near Hof |
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| ABFLUSS-MQ= {{convert|115|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = Country |
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| ABFLUSS-MHQ= |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Germany]] |
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| BEZEICHNUNG-QUELLE= |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[States of Germany|States]] |
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| QUELLE= near [[Zell im Fichtelgebirge]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = {{hlist|[[Bavaria]]|[[Thuringia]]|[[Saxony-Anhalt]]}} |
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| QUELLHÖHE-PREFIX= |
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| subdivision_type3 = Reference no. |
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| QUELLHÖHE= 728 |
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| subdivision_name3 = DE: 56 |
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| HÖHENBEZUG-QUELLE= DE-NN |
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| length = {{convert|413|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name="Bergemann">{{cite web | url=http://www.fgg-elbe.de/dokumente/fachberichte.html?file=tl_files/Download-Archive/Fachberichte/Allgemein/Fliessgw2015.pdf | title=Gesamtliste der Fließgewässer im Elbeeinzugsgebiet | author=Michael Bergemann | publisher=Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Reinhaltung der Elbe | date=1 July 2015 | access-date=21 March 2018 | language= de| format=PDF; 791 kB}}</ref> |
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| QUELLHÖHE-SUFFIX= |
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| width_avg = |
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| QUELLE_LAT_GRAD= 50.12056 |
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| depth_avg = |
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| QUELLE_LONG_GRAD= 11.83056 |
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| source1_location = near [[Zell im Fichtelgebirge]] |
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| QUELLE_REGION= DE-BY |
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| source1_coordinates = {{Coord|50.12056|11.83056|type:river_region:DE-BY|format=dms|display=inline,title}} |
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| QUELLE_AUFLÖSUNG= |
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| source1_elevation = {{Höhe|728|DE-NN|link=true }} |
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| BEZEICHNUNG-MÜNDUNG= |
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| mouth_location = near [[Barby, Germany|Barby]] into the [[Elbe]] |
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| mouth_coordinates = {{Coord|51.95472|11.91389|type:river_region:DE-ST|format=dms|display=inline}} |
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| MÜNDUNGSHÖHE-PREFIX= |
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| mouth_elevation = {{Höhe|49.5|DE-NN|link=true}} |
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| MÜNDUNGSHÖHE= 49.5 |
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| basin_population = |
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| HÖHENBEZUG-MÜNDUNG= DE-NN |
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| basin_landmarks = {{ubl |
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| MÜNDUNGSHÖHE-SUFFIX= |
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| Cities: [[Jena]], [[Halle (Saale)]] |
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| MÜNDUNG_LAT_GRAD= 51.95472 |
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| Large towns: [[Hof (Saale)]], [[Saalfeld/Saale]], [[Rudolstadt]], [[Naumburg (Saale)]], [[Weißenfels]], [[Merseburg]], [[Bernburg (Saale)]] |
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| MÜNDUNG_LONG_GRAD= 11.91389 |
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}} |
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| MÜNDUNG_REGION= DE-ST |
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| progression = {{RElbe}} |
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| MÜNDUNG_AUFLÖSUNG= |
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| basin_size = {{convert|24167|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}<ref name="Bergemann"/> |
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| HÖHENUNTERSCHIED= |
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| discharge1_location = |
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| LINKE NEBENFLÜSSE= [[Ilm (Thuringia)|Ilm]], [[Unstrut]], [[Bode (river)|Bode]] |
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| discharge1_min = |
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| RECHTE NEBENFLÜSSE= [[White Elster]] |
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| discharge1_avg = {{convert|115|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}} |
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| SEEN= |
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| discharge1_max = |
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| STAUSEEN= |
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| tributaries_right = [[White Elster]], [[Orla (Saale)|Orla]], [[Southern Regnitz|Southern]] and [[Northern Regnitz]] |
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| EINWOHNER IM EINZUGSGEBIET= |
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| tributaries_left = [[Schwarza River (Saale)|Schwarza]], [[Ilm (Thuringia)|Ilm]], [[Unstrut]], [[Salza (Saale)|Salza]], [[Wipper (Saale)|Wipper]], [[Bode (river)|Bode]] |
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| GROSSSTÄDTE= [[Jena]], [[Halle (Saale)]] |
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| waterbodies = |
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| MITTELSTÄDTE= [[Hof (Saale)]], [[Saalfeld/Saale]], [[Rudolstadt]], [[Naumburg (Saale)]], [[Weißenfels]], [[Merseburg]], [[Bernburg (Saale)]] |
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| ports = Hafen Halle (Saale), Sophienhafen in Halle (Saale) |
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| KLEINSTÄDTE= |
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| bridges = Saale bridge, Rudolphstein, <br/>Old Saale bridge, Jena-Burgau |
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| GEMEINDEN= |
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| custom_label = Navigable |
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| HÄFEN= [[Hafen Halle (Saale)]], [[Sophienhafen]] in Halle (Saale) |
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| custom_data = From its mouth to [[Bad Dürrenberg]]; for Europa ships to Halle-Trotha<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wsv.de/service/karten/bundeseinheitlich/index.html |title=Federal Water and Navigation Authority |access-date=9 May 2010 |archive-date=13 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213100539/http://www.wsv.de/service/karten/bundeseinheitlich/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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| BEKANNTE BRÜCKEN= Saale bridge, Rudolphstein, <br/>Old Saale bridge, Jena-Burgau |
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| SCHIFFBAR= From its mouth to [[Bad Dürrenberg]]; for Europa ships to [[Halle-Trotha]]<ref>[http://www.wsv.de/service/karten/bundeseinheitlich/index.html Federal Water and Navigation Authority]</ref> |
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| ANMERKUNGEN= |
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| BILD= Petersgrat_bei_Hof_Bayern.jpg |
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| BILDBESCHREIBUNG= The Saale valley near Hof |
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| KARTE=Karte Saale und Mulde.gif |
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| KARTE-BESCHREIBUNG=Location of the Saale |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''Saale''' ({{IPA-de|ˈzaːlə}}), also known as the '''Saxon Saale''' ({{lang-de|Sächsische Saale}}) and '''Thuringian Saale''' ({{lang-de|Thüringische Saale}}), is a river in [[Germany]] and a left-bank [[tributary]] of the [[Elbe]]. It is not to be confused with the smaller [[Fränkische Saale|Franconian Saale]], a right-bank tributary of the [[Main (river)|Main]], or the |
The '''Saale''' ({{IPA-de|ˈzaːlə|-|De-Saale.ogg}}), also known as the '''Saxon Saale''' ({{lang-de|Sächsische Saale}} {{IPA-de|ˈzɛksɪʃə ˈzaːlə|pron|De-Sächsische Saale.ogg}}) and '''Thuringian Saale''' ({{lang-de|Thüringische Saale}}), is a river in [[Germany]] and a left-bank [[tributary]] of the [[Elbe]]. It is not to be confused with the smaller [[Fränkische Saale|Franconian Saale]], a right-bank tributary of the [[Main (river)|Main]], or the [[Saale (Leine)|Saale]] in [[Lower Saxony]], a tributary of the [[Leine]]. |
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==Etymology== |
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The name ''Saale'' comes from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sélos|*''séles'']] 'marsh', akin to [[Welsh language|Welsh]] ''hêl, heledd'' 'river meadow', [[Cornish language|Cornish]] ''heyl'' 'estuary', [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] ''hélos'' 'marsh, meadow', [[Sanskrit]] ''sáras'' 'lake, pond', [[Sarasvati River|''Sárasvati'']] 'sacred river', [[Old Persian]] ''Harauvati'' '[[Harut River|Hārūt River]]; [[Arachosia]]', [[Avestan]] ''Haraxvatī'', idem. It may also be related to the Indo-European root *''sal'', "salt".<ref name="GamkrelidzeIvanov2010">{{cite book|author1= Thomas V. Gamkrelidze|author2= Vjaceslav V. Ivanov|title= Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text. Part II: Bibliography, Indexes|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=M2aqp2n2mKkC&pg=PA581|date= 15 December 2010|publisher= Walter de Gruyter|isbn= 978-3-11-081503-0|page= 581}}</ref> |
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The Slavic name of the Saale, ''Solawa'', still found in [[Sorbian language|Sorbian]] texts, comes from [[Old High German]] ''sol'', "salt", and ''awa'', "water".<ref name="Jacob1894"> |
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{{cite book |
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|author= Georg Jacob |
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|title= Die Ortsnamen des Herzogthums Meiningen |
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|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=5ChBAAAAYAAJ |
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|year= 1894|publisher= Kesselring|page= 55 |
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}} |
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</ref> |
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==Course== |
==Course== |
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[[File:Bad Kösen Saalewehr und Alte Mühle (01).jpg|thumb|left|Saale in [[Bad Kösen]]]] |
[[File:Bad Kösen Saalewehr und Alte Mühle (01).jpg|thumb|left|Saale in [[Bad Kösen]]]] |
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The Saale originates on the slope of the [[Großer Waldstein]] mountain near [[Zell im Fichtelgebirge|Zell]] in the [[ |
The Saale originates on the slope of the [[Großer Waldstein]] mountain near [[Zell im Fichtelgebirge|Zell]] in the [[Fichtel Mountains]] in [[Upper Franconia]] ([[Bavaria]]), at an elevation of {{convert|728|m|ft}}. It pursues a winding course in a northern direction, and after passing the manufacturing town of [[Hof, Bavaria|Hof]], enters [[Thuringia]]. It flows amid well-wooded low mountains of the [[Thuringian Forest]] until it reaches the valley of [[Saalfeld]]. After leaving Saalfeld the Saale reaches [[Rudolstadt]]. Here it receives the waters of the [[Schwarza (Saale)|Schwarza]], in whose valley lies the ruined castle of [[Schwarzburg (municipality)|Schwarzburg]], the ancestral seat of the formerly ruling [[House of Schwarzburg]].{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} |
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From Saalfeld the Saale enters the limestone hill region north of the Thuringian Forest, and sweeps beneath the |
From Saalfeld, the Saale enters the limestone hill region north of the Thuringian Forest, and sweeps beneath the hills enclosing the [[University of Jena|university]] town of [[Jena]]. It enters [[Saxony-Anhalt]] and passes the spa of [[Bad Kösen]] and, after receiving the deep and navigable [[Unstrut]] at [[Naumburg]], flows past [[Weißenfels]], [[Merseburg]], [[Halle, Saxony-Anhalt|Halle]], [[Bernburg]] and [[Calbe]]. It finally joins the Elbe just above [[Barby, Germany|Barby]],{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} after traversing a distance of {{convert|413|km|mi}}<ref name="Bergemann"/>—shortened {{convert|14|km|mi|0}} by a bypass from its natural length of {{convert|427|km|mi}}. |
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The Saale is navigable from Naumburg and is connected with the [[White Elster]] near [[Leipzig]] by |
The Saale is navigable from Naumburg and is also planned connected from [[Leuna]] with the [[White Elster]] near [[Leipzig]] by an unfinished canal. The soil of the lower part of its valley is exceptionally fertile, and produces, amongst other crops, large quantities of [[sugar beet]]. Among its tributaries are the White Elster, [[Southern Regnitz|Southern]] and [[Northern Regnitz]] and [[Orla (Saale)|Orla]] on the right bank, and the [[Ilm (Thuringia)|Ilm]], Unstrut, [[Salza (Saale)|Salza]], [[Wipper (Saale)|Wipper]] and [[Bode River|Bode]] on the left. Its upper course is rapid. Its valley, down to Merseburg, contains many castles which crown the enclosing heights.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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Originating in [[Zell im Fichtelgebirge|Zell]], the Saale flows through – [[Sparneck]] – [[Weißdorf]] – Seulbitz – Förbau – [[Schwarzenbach an der Saale]] – Fattigau – [[Oberkotzau]] – [[Hof (Saale)|Hof]] – Brunnenthal – Saalenstein – Joditz – Landesgrenze Bayern/Thüringen – [[Hirschberg (Saale)|Hirschberg]] – [[Sparnberg]] – Rudolphstein – [[Blankenberg (Thüringen)|Blankenberg]] – [[Blankenstein]] – [[Harra]] – Saaldorf – [[Saalburg-Ebersdorf|Saalburg]] – Poeritzsch – |
Originating in [[Zell im Fichtelgebirge|Zell]], the Saale flows through – [[Sparneck]] – [[Weißdorf]] – Seulbitz – Förbau – [[Schwarzenbach an der Saale]] – Fattigau – [[Oberkotzau]] – [[Hof (Saale)|Hof]] – Brunnenthal – Saalenstein – Joditz – Landesgrenze Bayern/Thüringen – [[Hirschberg (Saale)|Hirschberg]] – [[Sparnberg]] – Rudolphstein – [[Blankenberg (Thüringen)|Blankenberg]] – [[Blankenstein]] – [[Harra]] – Saaldorf – [[Saalburg-Ebersdorf|Saalburg]] – Poeritzsch – Gräfenwarth – [[Burgk]] – Walsburg – [[Ziegenrück]] – Neidenberga – [[Hohenwarte]] – [[Eichicht (Kaulsdorf)|Eichicht]] – [[Kaulsdorf (Saale)|Kaulsdorf]] – Fischersdorf – Weischwitz – Reschwitz – [[Breternitz]] – [[Saalfeld/Saale|Saalfeld]] – Schwarza – Volkstedt – [[Rudolstadt]] – Catharinau – Kolkwitz – Weißen – [[Uhlstädt-Kirchhasel|Uhlstädt]] – Rückersdorf – Zeutsch – Niederkrossen – [[Orlamünde]] – [[Freienorla]] – [[Großeutersdorf]] – [[Kleineutersdorf]] – [[Kahla]] – [[Großpürschütz]] – Jägersdorf – [[Rothenstein, Germany|Rothenstein]] – Maua – Lobeda – [[Jena]] – Zwätzen – Porstendorf – [[Dornburg/Saale|Dornburg]] – [[Dorndorf-Steudnitz]] – [[Wichmar]] – [[Camburg]] – Tümpling – [[Großheringen]] – Kleinheringen – Landesgrenze Thüringen/Sachsen-Anhalt – Stendorf – Saaleck – [[Bad Kösen]] – [[Naumburg (Saale)|Naumburg]] – Schellsitz - Schönburg – Eulau – [[Goseck]] – [[Leißling]] – Lobitzsch – [[Uichteritz]] – Markweben – [[Weißenfels]] – Dehlitz – [[Schkortleben]] – Kleinkorbetha – [[Großkorbetha]] – [[Oebles-Schlechtewitz]] – [[Wengelsdorf]] – [[Bad Dürrenberg]] – Kröllwitz – [[Leuna]] – Trebnitz – [[Merseburg]] – Meuschau – Freiimfelde – [[Schkopau]] – Korbetha – Hohenweiden – Rockendorf – Holleben – [[Halle (Saale)|Halle]] – Kröllwitz – Lettin – [[Brachwitz]] – Schiepzig – [[Salzmünde]] – Pfützthal – [[Döblitz]] – Zaschwitz – [[Wettin, Saxony-Anhalt|Wettin]] – [[Kloschwitz]] – Rumpin – Dobis – [[Friedeburg (Saale)|Friedeburg]] – Zickeritz – [[Rothenburg (Saale)|Rothenburg]] – Nelben – Gnölbzig – Trebnitz – [[Alsleben (Saale)|Alsleben]] – Poplitz – Großwirschleben – [[Plötzkau]] – [[Gröna]] – Neuborna – [[Bernburg (Saale)|Bernburg]] – Dröbel – [[Nienburg (Saale)|Nienburg]] – [[Wedlitz]] – Damaschkeplan – Wispitz – [[Calbe (Saale)]] – Trabitz – [[Groß Rosenburg]] – Werkleitz |
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==Tributaries== |
==Tributaries== |
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|- |
|- |
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| valign="top" | |
| valign="top" | |
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Left: |
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Left (from source to mouth): |
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* [[Schwarza River (Saale)|Schwarza]] |
* [[Schwarza River (Saale)|Schwarza]] |
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* [[Ilm (Thuringia)|Ilm]] |
* [[Ilm (Thuringia)|Ilm]] |
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* [[Unstrut]] |
* [[Unstrut]] |
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* [[Salza (Saale)|Salza]] |
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* [[Wipper (Saale)|Wipper]] |
* [[Wipper (Saale)|Wipper]] |
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* [[Bode River|Bode]] |
* [[Bode River|Bode]] |
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Right: |
Right: |
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* [[Orla (Saale)|Orla]] |
* [[Orla (Saale)|Orla]] |
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* [[ |
* [[White Elster]] |
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* [[Southern Regnitz]] |
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* [[Northern Regnitz]] |
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|} |
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==Etymology== |
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The name ''Saale'' comes from a [[Proto-Indo-European_language|Proto-Indo-European]] root *''séles'' ‘marsh’, akin to [[Welsh language|Welsh]] ''hêl, heledd'' ‘river meadow’, [[Cornish language|Cornish]] ''heyl'' ‘estuary’, [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] ''hélos'' ‘marsh, meadow’, [[Sanskrit]] ''sáras'' ‘lake, pond’, ''[[Sarasvati_River|Sárasvati]]'' ‘sacred river’, [[Old Persian]] ''Harauvati'' ‘[[Harut_River|Hārūt River]]; [[Arachosia]]’, [[Avestan]] ''Haraxvatī'' ‘id’. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[Saale-Unstrut]], a |
* [[Saale-Unstrut]], a wine-growing region |
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* [[List of rivers of Bavaria]] |
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* [[List of rivers of Thuringia]] |
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* [[List of rivers of Saxony-Anhalt]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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== Sources == |
== Sources == |
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* Ernst-Otto Luthardt, |
* Ernst-Otto Luthardt, Reinhard Feldrapp: ''An der Saale. Vom Fichtelgebirge durch Thüringen bis zur Elbe.'' Würzburg 1990. {{ISBN|3-8035-1335-9}} |
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* Wolf Thieme, Markus Altmann (Fotos): ''Mitten ins Herz. Sie entspringt in Bayern, durchquert Thüringen und fließt in Sachsen-Anhalt in die Elbe – die Saale ist ein Fluss, der alles verbindet. Und jedem Spaß macht: dem Sportler, dem Kulturfreund, dem Faulenzer.'' In: [[Stern (magazine)|stern]] Nr. 26 (22. Juni 2006), S. 84-89. ([http://www.stern.de/lifestyle/reise/deutschland/:Deutschland-Mitten-Herz/564540.html Online-Version]) |
* Wolf Thieme, Markus Altmann (Fotos): ''Mitten ins Herz. Sie entspringt in Bayern, durchquert Thüringen und fließt in Sachsen-Anhalt in die Elbe – die Saale ist ein Fluss, der alles verbindet. Und jedem Spaß macht: dem Sportler, dem Kulturfreund, dem Faulenzer.'' In: [[Stern (magazine)|stern]] Nr. 26 (22. Juni 2006), S. 84-89. ([http://www.stern.de/lifestyle/reise/deutschland/:Deutschland-Mitten-Herz/564540.html Online-Version]) |
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* {{EB1911|wstitle = Saale|volume=23|page=953}} |
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== External links == |
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{{commonscat}} |
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* {{commons category-inline}} |
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{{Rivers of Germany}} |
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* {{1911}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Saale basin| Saale]] |
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[[Category:Federal waterways in Germany]] |
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[[Category:Fichtel Mountains]] |
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[[Category:Rivers of Bavaria]] |
[[Category:Rivers of Bavaria]] |
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[[Category:Rivers of Saxony-Anhalt]] |
[[Category:Rivers of Saxony-Anhalt]] |
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[[Category:Rivers of Thuringia]] |
[[Category:Rivers of Thuringia]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Saale basin| Saale]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Rivers of Germany]] |
Revision as of 19:10, 2 June 2024
Saale | |
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![]() The Saale valley near Hof | |
![]() The Saale has its source in the Fichtel Mountains in northeastern Franconia (Bavaria) and flows into the Elbe at Barby, Saxony-Anhalt. | |
Location | |
Country | Germany |
States | |
Reference no. | DE: 56 |
Physical characteristics | |
Source | |
• location | near Zell im Fichtelgebirge |
• coordinates | 50°07′14″N 11°49′50″E / 50.12056°N 11.83056°E |
• elevation | 728 m above sea level (NN) |
Mouth | |
• location | near Barby into the Elbe |
• coordinates | 51°57′17″N 11°54′50″E / 51.95472°N 11.91389°E |
• elevation | 49.5 m above sea level (NN) |
Length | 413 km (257 mi)[1] |
Basin size | 24,167 km2 (9,331 sq mi)[1] |
Discharge | |
• average | 115 m3/s (4,100 cu ft/s) |
Basin features | |
Progression | Elbe→ North Sea |
Landmarks |
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Tributaries | |
• left | Schwarza, Ilm, Unstrut, Salza, Wipper, Bode |
• right | White Elster, Orla, Southern and Northern Regnitz |
Bridges | Saale bridge, Rudolphstein, Old Saale bridge, Jena-Burgau |
Inland ports | Hafen Halle (Saale), Sophienhafen in Halle (Saale) |
Navigable | From its mouth to Bad Dürrenberg; for Europa ships to Halle-Trotha[2] |
The Saale (German pronunciation: [ˈzaːlə] ), also known as the Saxon Saale (German: Sächsische Saale pronounced [ˈzɛksɪʃə ˈzaːlə] ) and Thuringian Saale (German: Thüringische Saale), is a river in Germany and a left-bank tributary of the Elbe. It is not to be confused with the smaller Franconian Saale, a right-bank tributary of the Main, or the Saale in Lower Saxony, a tributary of the Leine.
Etymology
The name Saale comes from the Proto-Indo-European root *séles 'marsh', akin to Welsh hêl, heledd 'river meadow', Cornish heyl 'estuary', Greek hélos 'marsh, meadow', Sanskrit sáras 'lake, pond', Sárasvati 'sacred river', Old Persian Harauvati 'Hārūt River; Arachosia', Avestan Haraxvatī, idem. It may also be related to the Indo-European root *sal, "salt".[3]
The Slavic name of the Saale, Solawa, still found in Sorbian texts, comes from Old High German sol, "salt", and awa, "water".[4]
Course
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Bad_K%C3%B6sen_Saalewehr_und_Alte_M%C3%BChle_%2801%29.jpg/220px-Bad_K%C3%B6sen_Saalewehr_und_Alte_M%C3%BChle_%2801%29.jpg)
The Saale originates on the slope of the Großer Waldstein mountain near Zell in the Fichtel Mountains in Upper Franconia (Bavaria), at an elevation of 728 metres (2,388 ft). It pursues a winding course in a northern direction, and after passing the manufacturing town of Hof, enters Thuringia. It flows amid well-wooded low mountains of the Thuringian Forest until it reaches the valley of Saalfeld. After leaving Saalfeld the Saale reaches Rudolstadt. Here it receives the waters of the Schwarza, in whose valley lies the ruined castle of Schwarzburg, the ancestral seat of the formerly ruling House of Schwarzburg.[5]
From Saalfeld, the Saale enters the limestone hill region north of the Thuringian Forest, and sweeps beneath the hills enclosing the university town of Jena. It enters Saxony-Anhalt and passes the spa of Bad Kösen and, after receiving the deep and navigable Unstrut at Naumburg, flows past Weißenfels, Merseburg, Halle, Bernburg and Calbe. It finally joins the Elbe just above Barby,[5] after traversing a distance of 413 kilometres (257 mi)[1]—shortened 14 kilometres (9 mi) by a bypass from its natural length of 427 kilometres (265 mi).
The Saale is navigable from Naumburg and is also planned connected from Leuna with the White Elster near Leipzig by an unfinished canal. The soil of the lower part of its valley is exceptionally fertile, and produces, amongst other crops, large quantities of sugar beet. Among its tributaries are the White Elster, Southern and Northern Regnitz and Orla on the right bank, and the Ilm, Unstrut, Salza, Wipper and Bode on the left. Its upper course is rapid. Its valley, down to Merseburg, contains many castles which crown the enclosing heights.[5]
Geography
Originating in Zell, the Saale flows through – Sparneck – Weißdorf – Seulbitz – Förbau – Schwarzenbach an der Saale – Fattigau – Oberkotzau – Hof – Brunnenthal – Saalenstein – Joditz – Landesgrenze Bayern/Thüringen – Hirschberg – Sparnberg – Rudolphstein – Blankenberg – Blankenstein – Harra – Saaldorf – Saalburg – Poeritzsch – Gräfenwarth – Burgk – Walsburg – Ziegenrück – Neidenberga – Hohenwarte – Eichicht – Kaulsdorf – Fischersdorf – Weischwitz – Reschwitz – Breternitz – Saalfeld – Schwarza – Volkstedt – Rudolstadt – Catharinau – Kolkwitz – Weißen – Uhlstädt – Rückersdorf – Zeutsch – Niederkrossen – Orlamünde – Freienorla – Großeutersdorf – Kleineutersdorf – Kahla – Großpürschütz – Jägersdorf – Rothenstein – Maua – Lobeda – Jena – Zwätzen – Porstendorf – Dornburg – Dorndorf-Steudnitz – Wichmar – Camburg – Tümpling – Großheringen – Kleinheringen – Landesgrenze Thüringen/Sachsen-Anhalt – Stendorf – Saaleck – Bad Kösen – Naumburg – Schellsitz - Schönburg – Eulau – Goseck – Leißling – Lobitzsch – Uichteritz – Markweben – Weißenfels – Dehlitz – Schkortleben – Kleinkorbetha – Großkorbetha – Oebles-Schlechtewitz – Wengelsdorf – Bad Dürrenberg – Kröllwitz – Leuna – Trebnitz – Merseburg – Meuschau – Freiimfelde – Schkopau – Korbetha – Hohenweiden – Rockendorf – Holleben – Halle – Kröllwitz – Lettin – Brachwitz – Schiepzig – Salzmünde – Pfützthal – Döblitz – Zaschwitz – Wettin – Kloschwitz – Rumpin – Dobis – Friedeburg – Zickeritz – Rothenburg – Nelben – Gnölbzig – Trebnitz – Alsleben – Poplitz – Großwirschleben – Plötzkau – Gröna – Neuborna – Bernburg – Dröbel – Nienburg – Wedlitz – Damaschkeplan – Wispitz – Calbe (Saale) – Trabitz – Groß Rosenburg – Werkleitz
Tributaries
Left: |
Right: |
See also
- Saale-Unstrut, a wine-growing region
- List of rivers of Bavaria
- List of rivers of Thuringia
- List of rivers of Saxony-Anhalt
References
- ^ a b c Michael Bergemann (1 July 2015). "Gesamtliste der Fließgewässer im Elbeeinzugsgebiet" (PDF; 791 kB) (in German). Arbeitsgemeinschaft für die Reinhaltung der Elbe. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ^ "Federal Water and Navigation Authority". Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2010.
- ^ Thomas V. Gamkrelidze; Vjaceslav V. Ivanov (15 December 2010). Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: A Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and Proto-Culture. Part I: The Text. Part II: Bibliography, Indexes. Walter de Gruyter. p. 581. ISBN 978-3-11-081503-0.
- ^ Georg Jacob (1894). Die Ortsnamen des Herzogthums Meiningen. Kesselring. p. 55.
- ^ a b c Chisholm 1911.
Sources
- Ernst-Otto Luthardt, Reinhard Feldrapp: An der Saale. Vom Fichtelgebirge durch Thüringen bis zur Elbe. Würzburg 1990. ISBN 3-8035-1335-9
- Wolf Thieme, Markus Altmann (Fotos): Mitten ins Herz. Sie entspringt in Bayern, durchquert Thüringen und fließt in Sachsen-Anhalt in die Elbe – die Saale ist ein Fluss, der alles verbindet. Und jedem Spaß macht: dem Sportler, dem Kulturfreund, dem Faulenzer. In: stern Nr. 26 (22. Juni 2006), S. 84-89. (Online-Version)
- public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Saale". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 953. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
External links
Media related to Saale at Wikimedia Commons