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{{short description|20th-century American newspaper}}
{{short description|20th-century American newspaper (1924–1958)}}
{{about|the American newspaper|the British newspaper formerly of this name|Morning Star (British newspaper)}}
{{about|the American newspaper|the British newspaper formerly of this name|Morning Star (British newspaper)}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2014}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}} {{Use American English|date=April 2024}}

{{Infobox newspaper
{{Infobox newspaper
| name = Daily Worker
| logo =
| logo =
| image = Daily Worker.pdf
| image = Daily Worker.pdf
| caption = No. 254 of the ''Daily Worker'' (November 7, 1927)
| caption = No. 254 of the ''Daily Worker'' (November 7, 1927)
| type = Daily [[newspaper]]
| type = Daily [[newspaper]]
| format = broadsheet and tabloid
| format = Broadsheet and tabloid
| foundation = {{start date and age|1921}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1924}}
| political = Communist; Socialist
| political = Communist; socialist
| language = [[English language|English]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
| ceased publication = January 1958
| ceased publication = January 1958
| relaunched =
| relaunched =
| headquarters = {{plainlist|
| headquarters = {{plainlist|
* [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
* [[New York City]], New York
* [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]
* [[Chicago]], Illinois
}}
}}
| circulation = various
| circulation = Various
}}
}}


The '''''Daily Worker''''' was a newspaper published in [[Chicago]] founded by communists, socialists, union members, and other activists.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2009-08-25 |title=About People’s World |url=https://www.peoplesworld.org/about-the-peoples-world/ |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=People's World |language=en-US}}</ref> Publication began in 1924.<ref>{{Cite news
The '''''Daily Worker''''' was a newspaper published in [[Chicago]] founded by communists, socialists, union members, and other activists.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2009-08-25 |title=About People's World |url=https://www.peoplesworld.org/about-the-peoples-world/ |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=People's World |language=en-US}}</ref> Publication began in 1924.<ref>{{Cite news
|last=Pederson
|last=Pederson
|first=Vernon
|first=Vernon
Line 36: Line 35:


==History==
==History==
===Origin===
===Origins===
⚫
The origins of the ''Daily Worker'' were with the weekly ''Ohio Socialist'' published by the [[Socialist Party of Ohio]] in [[Cleveland]] from 1917 to November 1919. The Ohio party joined the nascent [[Communist Labor Party of America]] (CLP) at the [[1919 Emergency National Convention]].

⚫
The origins of the ''Daily Worker'' begin with the weekly ''Ohio Socialist'' published by the [[Socialist Party of Ohio]] in [[Cleveland]] from 1917 to November 1919. The Ohio party joined the nascent [[Communist Labor Party of America]] at the [[1919 Emergency National Convention]].


The ''Ohio Socialist'' only used whole numbers. Its final issue was #94 November 19, 1919. The ''Toiler'' continued this numbering, even though a typographical error made its debut issue #85 November 26, 1919. Beginning sometime in 1921 the volume number IV was added, perhaps reflecting the publications fourth year in print, though its issue numbers continued the whole number scheme. The final edition of the ''Toiler'' was Vol IV #207 January 28, 1922. The ''Worker'' continued the ''Toilers'' numbering during its run Vol. IV #208 February 2, 1922 to Vol. VI #310 January 12, 1924. The first edition of ''Daily worker'' was numbered Vol. I #311.<ref name="Goldwater, Walter pp. 10, 30" />
The ''Ohio Socialist'' only used whole numbers. Its final issue was #94 November 19, 1919. The ''Toiler'' continued this numbering, even though a typographical error made its debut issue #85 November 26, 1919. Beginning sometime in 1921 the volume number IV was added, perhaps reflecting the publications fourth year in print, though its issue numbers continued the whole number scheme. The final edition of the ''Toiler'' was Vol IV #207 January 28, 1922. The ''Worker'' continued the ''Toilers'' numbering during its run Vol. IV #208 February 2, 1922 to Vol. VI #310 January 12, 1924. The first edition of ''Daily worker'' was numbered Vol. I #311.<ref name="Goldwater, Walter pp. 10, 30" />


The ''Ohio Socialist'' became '''''Toiler''''' in November 1919. In 1920, with the CLP going underground, ''Toiler'' became the party's "aboveground" newspaper published by "The Toiler Publishing Association." It remained as the Cleveland aboveground publication of the CLP and its successors until February 1922.
The ''Ohio Socialist'' became '''''Toiler''''' in November 1919. In 1920, with the CLP going underground, ''Toiler'' became the party's "aboveground" newspaper published by "The Toiler Publishing Association." It remained as the Cleveland aboveground publication of the CLP and its successors until February 1922.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}


In December 1921 the "aboveground" [[Workers Party of America]] was founded and the ''Toiler'' merged with ''Workers Council'' of the [[Workers' Council of the United States]] to found the six page weekly '''''The Worker'''''.
In December 1921 the "aboveground" [[Workers Party of America]] was founded and the ''Toiler'' merged with ''Workers Council'' of the [[Workers' Council of the United States]] to found the six page weekly '''''The Worker'''''.
Line 57: Line 55:


===Popular Front changes===
===Popular Front changes===
[[File:May Day parade float with male statue reading the “Daily Worker”.jpg|thumb|right|[[May Day]] parade float with statue reading the ''Daily Worker'']]
[[File:May Day parade float with male statue reading the “Daily Worker”.jpg|thumb|right|[[International Workers' Day|May Day]] parade float with statue reading the ''Daily Worker'']]


Beginning in the [[Popular front|Popular Front]] period of the 1930s, the paper broadened its coverage of the arts and entertainment. In 1935 it established a sports page, with contributions from [[David Karr]], the page was edited and frequently written by [[Lester Rodney]]. The paper's sports coverage combined enthusiasm for baseball with the usual Marxist social critique of capitalist society and bourgeois attitudes. It advocated the [[Desegregation in the United States|desegregation]] of [[professional sports]].
Beginning in the [[Popular front|Popular Front]] period of the 1930s, the paper broadened its coverage of the arts and entertainment. In 1935 it established a sports page, with contributions from [[David Karr]], the page was edited and frequently written by [[Lester Rodney]]. The paper's sports coverage combined enthusiasm for baseball with the usual Marxist social critique of capitalist society and bourgeois attitudes. It advocated the [[Desegregation in the United States|desegregation]] of [[professional sports]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}


===Post-World War II===
===Post-World War II===
After a short hiatus, the party published a weekend paper called ''The Worker'' from 1958 until 1968. A Tuesday edition called ''The Midweek Worker'' was added in 1961 and also continued until 1968, when production was accelerated.
After a short hiatus, the party published a weekend paper called ''The Worker'' from 1958 until 1968. A Tuesday edition called ''The Midweek Worker'' was added in 1961 and also continued until 1968, when production was accelerated.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}


===Two newspapers and a merger===
===Two newspapers and a merger===
{{American socialism}}
{{Socialism US|works}}
In 1968 the publication was resumed as a New York daily paper, now titled ''The Daily World''. In 1986, the paper merged with the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] weekly paper, the ''[[People's World]]''. The new ''People’s Daily World'' published from 1987 until 1991, when daily publication was abandoned.
In 1968 the publication was resumed as a New York daily paper, now titled ''The Daily World''. In 1986, the paper merged with the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] weekly paper, the ''[[People's World]]''. The new ''People’s Daily World'' published from 1987 until 1991, when daily publication was abandoned.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}


=== Contemporary claims of successors ===
The paper cut back to a weekly issue and was retitled ''People's Weekly World'' (later retitled to ''[[People's World]]'' as to de-emphasize the weekly component). Print publication of the ''People's World'' ceased in 2010 in favor of an online edition.
⚫
The new paper was cut back to a weekly issue and was retitled ''People's Weekly World'' (later retitled to ''[[People's World]]'' as to de-emphasize the weekly component). Print publication of the ''People's World'' ceased in 2010 in favor of an online edition.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} {{asof|2012}}, ''People's World'' claims that, "Peoplesworld.org is a daily news website of, for and by the 99% and the direct descendant of the ''Daily Worker''." Its publisher is Long View Publishing Company. The online newspaper is a member of the [[International Labor Communications Association]] and is indexed in the [[Alternative Press Index]]. Its staff belong to the [[Newspaper Guild]]/CWA, [[AFL–CIO]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About the People's World |publisher=People's World |url=http://www.peoplesworld.org/about-us |access-date=24 March 2012 |date=2009-08-25}}</ref>


Another publication, both in print as ''The Worker'' and online as ''Daily Worker USA'' states that it is "Continuing ''The Daily Worker'', Founded in 1924." ''The Worker'' is the Publication of the Central Committee of the Party of Communists USA, which itself claims to be the continuing the legacy of the old CPUSA, and The Worker has been printed and distributed since at least 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://dailyworkerusa.com/about-us/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=The Worker |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://dailyworkerusa.com/ |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=The Worker |language=en-US}}</ref>
⚫
Currently (2012), ''People's World'' claims that, "Peoplesworld.org is a daily news website of, for and by the 99% and the direct descendant of the ''Daily Worker''." Its publisher is Long View Publishing Company. The online newspaper is a member of the [[International Labor Communications Association]] and is indexed in the [[Alternative Press Index]]. Its staff belong to the [[Newspaper Guild]]/CWA, [[AFL–CIO]].<ref>{{cite web |title=About the People's World |publisher=People's World |url=http://www.peoplesworld.org/about-us |access-date=24 March 2012 |date=2009-08-25}}</ref>


==Masthead==
==Masthead==
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{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Daily Worker}}
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1921]]
[[Category:Newspapers established in 1921]]
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1958]]
[[Category:Publications disestablished in 1958]]
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[[Category:1958 disestablishments in the United States]]
[[Category:1958 disestablishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Daily newspapers published in New York City]]
[[Category:Daily newspapers published in New York City]]
[[Category:Politics of Chicago]]
[[Category:Communism in Illinois]]

Revision as of 06:33, 2 June 2024

This article is about the American newspaper. For the British newspaper formerly of this name, see Morning Star (British newspaper).

Daily Worker
No. 254 of the Daily Worker (November 7, 1927)
TypeDaily newspaper
FormatBroadsheet and tabloid
Founded1924; 100 years ago (1924)
Political alignmentCommunist; socialist
LanguageEnglish
Ceased publicationJanuary 1958
Headquarters
CirculationVarious

The Daily Worker was a newspaper published in Chicago founded by communists, socialists, union members, and other activists.[1] Publication began in 1924.[2] It generally reflected the prevailing views of members of the CPUSA; it also reflected a broader spectrum of left-wing opinion. At its peak, the newspaper achieved a circulation of 35,000. Contributors to its pages included Robert Minor and Fred Ellis (cartoonists), Lester Rodney (sports editor), David Karr, Richard Wright, John L. Spivak, Peter Fryer, Woody Guthrie and Louis F. Budenz.

History

Origins

The origins of the Daily Worker were with the weekly Ohio Socialist published by the Socialist Party of Ohio in Cleveland from 1917 to November 1919. The Ohio party joined the nascent Communist Labor Party of America (CLP) at the 1919 Emergency National Convention.

The Ohio Socialist only used whole numbers. Its final issue was #94 November 19, 1919. The Toiler continued this numbering, even though a typographical error made its debut issue #85 November 26, 1919. Beginning sometime in 1921 the volume number IV was added, perhaps reflecting the publications fourth year in print, though its issue numbers continued the whole number scheme. The final edition of the Toiler was Vol IV #207 January 28, 1922. The Worker continued the Toilers numbering during its run Vol. IV #208 February 2, 1922 to Vol. VI #310 January 12, 1924. The first edition of Daily worker was numbered Vol. I #311.[3]

The Ohio Socialist became Toiler in November 1919. In 1920, with the CLP going underground, Toiler became the party's "aboveground" newspaper published by "The Toiler Publishing Association." It remained as the Cleveland aboveground publication of the CLP and its successors until February 1922.[citation needed]

In December 1921 the "aboveground" Workers Party of America was founded and the Toiler merged with Workers Council of the Workers' Council of the United States to found the six page weekly The Worker.

This became the Daily Worker beginning January 13, 1924.[3]

In 1927, the newspaper moved from Chicago to New York.[4]

May Day parade float with statue reading the Daily Worker

Beginning in the Popular Front period of the 1930s, the paper broadened its coverage of the arts and entertainment. In 1935 it established a sports page, with contributions from David Karr, the page was edited and frequently written by Lester Rodney. The paper's sports coverage combined enthusiasm for baseball with the usual Marxist social critique of capitalist society and bourgeois attitudes. It advocated the desegregation of professional sports.[citation needed]

Post-World War II

After a short hiatus, the party published a weekend paper called The Worker from 1958 until 1968. A Tuesday edition called The Midweek Worker was added in 1961 and also continued until 1968, when production was accelerated.[citation needed]

Two newspapers and a merger

This article is part of a series on
Socialism
in the United States
History
Utopian socialism

Progressive Era

Repression and persecution

Anti-war and civil rights movements

Contemporary

People
Active organizations
Inactive or defunct organizations
Works
Related topics

In 1968 the publication was resumed as a New York daily paper, now titled The Daily World. In 1986, the paper merged with the West Coast weekly paper, the People's World. The new People’s Daily World published from 1987 until 1991, when daily publication was abandoned.[citation needed]

Contemporary claims of successors

The new paper was cut back to a weekly issue and was retitled People's Weekly World (later retitled to People's World as to de-emphasize the weekly component). Print publication of the People's World ceased in 2010 in favor of an online edition.[citation needed] As of 2012, People's World claims that, "Peoplesworld.org is a daily news website of, for and by the 99% and the direct descendant of the Daily Worker." Its publisher is Long View Publishing Company. The online newspaper is a member of the International Labor Communications Association and is indexed in the Alternative Press Index. Its staff belong to the Newspaper Guild/CWA, AFL–CIO.[5]

Another publication, both in print as The Worker and online as Daily Worker USA states that it is "Continuing The Daily Worker, Founded in 1924." The Worker is the Publication of the Central Committee of the Party of Communists USA, which itself claims to be the continuing the legacy of the old CPUSA, and The Worker has been printed and distributed since at least 2020.[6][7]

Masthead

1920s

1930s

1940s

1950s

Pamphlets

Before the Party established the Workers Library Publishers in late 1927, the party used the Daily Worker Publishing Company imprint to publish its pamphlets.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Admin (August 25, 2009). "About People's World". People's World. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  2. ^ Pederson, Vernon (January 11, 2008). "Take It As Red". On The Media for National Public Radio. Archived from the original on August 21, 2008. Founded in 1924, the Daily Worker – which ceased to be a daily 50 years ago – was the de facto house organ of American Communism.
  3. ^ a b Goldwater, Walter Radical periodicals in America 1890-1950 New Haven, Yale University Library 1964 pp.10, 30, 42, 46
  4. ^ "Guide to the Daily Worker and Daily World Photographs Collection". Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archive. September 2018. Retrieved November 24, 2018.
  5. ^ "About the People's World". People's World. August 25, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
  6. ^ "About Us". The Worker. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
  7. ^ "Home". The Worker. Retrieved April 11, 2024.
  8. ^ a b c d Chambers, Whittaker (1952). Witness. New York: Random House. pp. 206–207, 218–229, 252–259. ISBN 978-0-89526-789-4. LCCN 52005149.
  9. ^ Morris, George (1952). A Tale of Two Waterfronts. Daily Worker. p. 31. Retrieved June 12, 2021.

Further reading

Articles

  • Fetter, Henry D. "The Party Line and the Color Line: The American Communist Party, the Daily Worker and Jackie Robinson." Journal of Sport History 28, no. 3 (Fall 2001).
  • Gottfried, Erika, "Shooting Back: The Daily Worker Photographs Collection," American Communist History, vol. 12, no. 1 (April 2013), pp. 41–69.
  • Lamb, Christopher and Rusinack, Kelly E. "Hitting From the Left: The Daily Worker's Assault on Baseball's Color Line". Gumpert, Gary and Drucker, Susan J., eds. Take Me Out to the Ballgame: Communicating Baseball. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2002.
  • Rusinack, Kelly E. "Baseball on the Radical Agenda: The Daily and Sunday Worker Journalistic Campaign to Desegregate Major League Baseball, 1933-1947". Dorinson, Joseph, and Woramund, Joram, eds. Jackie Robinson: Race, Sports, and the American Dream. New York: E.M. Swift, 1998.
  • Smith, Ronald A. "The Paul Robeson-Jackie Robinson Saga and a Political Collision". Journal of Sport History 6, no. 2 (1979).

Theses

  • Evans, William Barrett. "Revolutionist Thought in the Daily Worker, 1919-1939". Ph.D. diss. University of Washington, 1965.
  • Jeffries, Dexter. "Richard Wright and the ‘Daily Worker’: A Native Son’s Journalistic Apprenticeship". Ph.D. diss. City University of New York, 2000.
  • Rusinack, Kelly E. "Baseball on the Radical Agenda: The Daily and Sunday Worker on Desegregating Major League Baseball, 1933-1947". M.A. Thesis, Clemson University, South Carolina, 1995.
  • Shoemaker, Martha Mcardell. "Propaganda or Persuasion: The Communist Party and Its Campaign to Integrate Baseball". Master’s thesis. University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 1999.

Books

  • Chambers, Whittaker (1952). Witness. New York: Random House. pp. 218–229, 252–259. ISBN 978-0-89526-789-4. LCCN 52005149.
  • Hemingway, Andrew. Artists on the Left: American Artists and the Communist Movement, 1926-1956. New Haven, Yale University Press, 2002.
  • Schappes, Morris U. The Daily Worker: Heir to the Great Tradition. New York: Daily Worker, 1944.
  • Silber, Irwin. Press Box Red: The Story of Lester Rodney, The Communist Who Helped Break the Color Line in American Sports. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2003.
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