State funeral: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Ceremony for nationally significant people}} |
{{Short description|Ceremony for nationally significant people}} |
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[[File:JCurtin lay in state.jpg|thumb|The coffin of [[John Curtin]], [[Prime Minister of Australia]] from 1941 to 1945, [[lying in state]] inside King's Hall, [[Old Parliament House, Canberra]], on July 6, 1945]] |
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{{split|List of people buried with state funerals|date=June 2020|discuss=Talk:State funeral#Suggested split July 2020}} |
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A '''state funeral''' is a public [[funeral]] ceremony, observing the strict rules of [[Etiquette|protocol]], held to honour people of national significance. State funerals usually include much pomp and ceremony as well as religious overtones and distinctive elements of military tradition. Generally, state funerals are held in order to involve the general public in a [[national day of mourning]] after the family of the deceased gives consent. A state funeral will often generate mass publicity from both national and global media outlets. |
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[[File:JCurtin lay in state.jpg|thumb|The coffin of [[John Curtin]], [[Prime Minister of Australia]] from 1941 to 1945, lying in state inside King's Hall, [[Old Parliament House, Canberra]] on July 6, 1945]] |
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A '''state funeral''' is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of [[Etiquette|protocol]], held to honour people of national significance. State funerals usually include much pomp and ceremony as well as religious overtones and distinctive elements of military tradition. Generally, state funerals are held in order to involve the general public in a [[national day of mourning]] after the family of the deceased gives consent. A state funeral will often generate mass publicity from both national and global media outlets. |
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== |
== By country == |
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=== Czech Republic === |
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{{main| List of Czech state funerals}} |
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=== |
=== Canada === |
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{{excerpt|State funerals in Canada|only=paragraphs}} |
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* [[Ahmed Ben Bella]] |
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* [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/former-algerian-president-bouteflika-given-state-funeral-2021-09-19/|title=Former Algerian president Bouteflika given state funeral|first=Hamid|last=Ould Ahmed|publisher=Reuters|date=19 September 2021|accessdate=20 September 2021}}</ref> |
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=== |
=== Italy === |
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{{Multiple issues|section=yes| |
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* [[Agostino Neto]] |
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{{Rough translation|1=Italian|listed=yes|date=April 2023}} |
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* [[José Eduardo dos Santos|Jose Eduardo dos Santos]] |
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{{Cleanup|reason=Written by non-native English speakers, some of the prose is not clear.|date=April 2023}} |
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{{Original research|date=April 2023}} |
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===Botswana=== |
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* [[Sir Seretse Khama]] |
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* [[Ruth Williams Khama]] |
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* [[Gladys Olebile Masire]] |
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* [[Sir Ketumile Masire]] |
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===Burundi=== |
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* [[Pierre Nkurunziza]] |
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===Cameroon=== |
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* [[Marc-Vivien Foe]] |
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===DR Congo=== |
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* [[Laurent-Desire Kabila]] |
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===Egypt=== |
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* [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]] (1 October 1970) |
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* [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] (29 July 1980), Shah of Iran who died in exile in Egypt |
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* [[Anwar Sadat]] (8 October 1981) |
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* [[Hosni Mubarak]] (26 February 2020) |
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===Ethiopia=== |
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* [[Meles Zenawi]] |
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* [[Sylvia Pankhurst]] |
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* [[Tilahun Gessesse]] |
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===Gabon=== |
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* [[Edith Lucie Bongo]] |
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* [[Omar Bongo]] |
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===Ghana=== |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=30em| |
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* [[George Kingsley Acquah]] |
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* [[Abdul Wahab Adam]] |
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* [[Ebenezer Ako-Adjei]] |
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* [[Francis Allotey]] |
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* [[Kwesi Amissah-Arthur]] |
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* [[Kofi Annan]] |
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* [[Vincent Cyril Richard Arthur Charles Crabbe]] |
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* [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] |
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* [[Emmanuel Evans-Anfom]] |
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* [[Mary Grant (politician)|Mary Grant]] |
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* [[Aliu Mahama]] |
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* [[Joseph Henry Mensah]] |
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* [[John Atta Mills]] |
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* [[J. H. Kwabena Nketia]] |
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* [[Kwame Nkrumah]] |
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* [[Paul Victor Obeng]] |
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* [[William Ofori Atta]] |
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* [[Atukwei Okai]] |
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* [[Victor Owusu]] |
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* [[Nathan Quao]] |
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* [[Emmanuel Charles Quist]] |
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* [[Jerry Rawlings]] |
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}} |
}} |
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In [[Italy]] state funerals are granted<ref name="ItaSF">{{cite web |title=Protocol for State Funerals and National Mourning |url=http://www.governo.it/Presidenza/ufficio_cerimoniale/cerimoniale/esequie.html |publisher=Official website of the Italian Government - Department of State Ceremonies}}</ref> by law to the Presidents of the constitutional entities, such as the [[President of Italy|Presidency]], the [[Italian Parliament|Parliament]], the [[Prime Minister of Italy|Government]] and the [[Constitutional Court (Italy)|Constitutional Court]], even after their terms have expired, and to [[Cabinet of Italy|Ministers]] who died during their [[term in office]]. State Funerals can also be granted, by decree of the [[Cabinet of Italy|Council of Ministers]], to people who gave particular services to the [[Italy|country]]; to [[Italian citizenship|citizens]] that brought honor to the [[Italy|nation]]; or to [[Italian citizenship|citizens]] who died in the line of duty, or were victims of either [[terrorism]], or [[organized crime]]. |
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The official protocol provides for<ref name="ItaSF" /> |
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===Ivory Coast=== |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=30em| |
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* [[Amadou Gon Coulibaly]] |
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}} |
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* the coffin surrounded by six members in high uniform of either the [[Carabinieri]] or the same [[Armed forces of Italy|Armed Forces]] the departed belonged to; |
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===Kenya<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/why-moi-will-get-19-gun-salute-and-not-21-during-his-state-funeral|title=Why Moi will get a 19 gun salute and not 21 during his state funeral|date=2 February 2020|website=Nairobi News|access-date=2 February 2020}}</ref>=== |
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* [[Mzee Jomo Kenyatta]] |
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* [[Lucy Kibaki]] |
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* [[Wangari Maathai]] |
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* [[Wahome Gakuru]] |
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* [[Joyce Laboso]] |
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* [[Daniel arap Moi|Daniel Arap Moi]] |
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* [[Mwai Kibaki]] |
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===Malawi=== |
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* [[Bingu wa Mutharika]] |
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===Mozambique=== |
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* [[Samora Machel]] |
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* [[Afonso Dhlakama]] |
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===Namibia=== |
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* [[Andimba Toivo ya Toivo]] |
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===Somalia=== |
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* [[Hassan Abshir Farah]] |
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* [[Nur Hassan Hussein]] |
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===South Africa=== |
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{{columns-list|colwidth=30em| |
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* [[George Bizos]] |
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* [[Collins Chabane]] |
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* [[Eddie Daniels (political activist)|Eddie Daniels]] |
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* [[Chris Hani]] |
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* [[Nkosi Johnson]] |
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* [[Pius Langa]] |
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* [[Nelson Mandela]] |
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* [[Winnie Mandela]] |
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* [[Isaac Lesiba Maphotho]] |
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* [[Richard Maponya]] |
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* [[Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri]] |
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* [[Govan Mbeki]] |
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* [[Senzo Meyiwa]] |
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* [[Raymond Mhlaba]] |
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* [[Andrew Mlangeni]] |
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* [[Joe Modise]] |
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* [[Edna Molewa]] |
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* [[Ruth Mompati]] |
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* [[Elias Motsoaledi]] |
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* [[Beyers Naudé]] |
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* [[John Nkadimeng]] |
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* [[Alfred Nzo]] |
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* [[Vejaynand Ramlakan]] |
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* [[Maxhob'ayakhawuleza Sandile|King Maxhoba Sandile]] |
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* [[Joseph Shabalala]] |
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* [[Xolilizwe Mzikayise Sigcawu|King Xolilizwe Sigcawu]] |
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* [[Zwelonke Sigcawu|King Zwelonke Sigcawu]] |
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* [[Mpondo people#Mpondo Kingship Line|King Zanozuko Sigcau]] |
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* [[Albertina Sisulu]] |
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* [[Walter Sisulu]] |
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* [[Thembile Skweyiya]] |
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* [[Zola Skweyiya]] |
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* [[Makhenkesi Stofile]] |
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* [[Steve Tshwete]] |
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* [[Victor Thulare III|King Victor Thulare III]] |
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* [[Desmond Tutu]] |
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* [[Marais Viljoen]] |
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* [[Joost van der Westhuizen]] |
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* [[Chester Williams]] |
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* [[Goodwill Zwelithini]] |
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}} |
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===South Sudan=== |
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* [[Gordon Muortat Mayen]] |
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* [[John Garang|Dr. John Garang de Mabior]] |
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===Tanzania=== |
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* [[Benjamin Mkapa]] |
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* [[John Magufuli]] |
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* [[Julius Nyerere]] |
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===Tunisia=== |
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* [[Beji Caid Essebsi]] |
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===Uganda=== |
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* [[Godfrey Binaisa]] |
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* [[Mutesa II of Buganda]] |
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* [[Milton Obote]] |
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* [[Jacob Oulanyah]] |
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===Zambia=== |
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* [[Levy Mwanawasa]] |
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* [[Frederick Chiluba]] |
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* [[Betty Kaunda]] |
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* [[Michael Sata]] |
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* [[Kenneth Kaunda]] |
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===Zimbabwe=== |
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* [[Joshua Nkomo]] |
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* [[Simon Muzenda]] |
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* [[Joseph Msika]] |
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* [[John Nkomo]] |
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* [[Oliver Mtukudzi]] |
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* [[Robert Mugabe]] |
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==Americas== |
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===Argentina=== |
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[[File:CGT Funerales Evita.JPG|thumb|right|Almost three million people attended [[Eva Perón]]'s funeral in the streets of [[Buenos Aires]].]] [[File:Funeral de kirchner desde arriba.jpg|thumb|right|State funeral of [[Néstor Kirchner]] at [[Casa Rosada]]]] |
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In 1952 [[Eva Perón]] died at age 33. She held the title of [[Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina]], granted by the Congress of Argentina. Nearly three million people covered the funeral of Evita in the streets of Buenos Aires. A radio broadcast interrupted the broadcasting schedule, with the announcer reading, "The Press Secretary's Office of the Presidency of the Nation fulfills its very sad duty to inform the people of the Republic that at 20:25 hours Mrs. Eva Perón, Spiritual Leader of the Nation, died." Eva Perón was granted a state funeral and a full Roman Catholic [[requiem mass]].<ref name="Ortiz">Ortiz.</ref> On Saturday 9 August, the body was then transferred to the Congress Building for an additional day to be publicly viewed. The next day, after a final Sunday mass, the coffin was laid atop on a [[Limbers and caissons|gun carriage]] pulled by CGT officials. Following next was [[Juan Perón]], his cabinet, Eva's family and friends, the delegates and representatives of the [[Female Peronist Party|Partido Peronista Femenino]], then workers, nurses and students of the [[Eva Perón Foundation]]. Her coffin was showered with carnations, orchids, chrysanthemums, wallflowers and roses thrown from the nearby balconies as the procession passed through the streets. |
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Juan Perón died at age 78 on 1 July 1974, after his health progressively deteriorated. His wife and vice president, [[Isabel Perón]], gave the announcement: "''with great sorrow, I must convey to the people of [[Argentina]] the death of this true apostle of peace and nonviolence.''" After several days of national mourning, in which the body laid in state at the [[Argentine National Congress]] for hundreds of thousands of people, the remains were moved to a crypt in the Quinta de Olivos Presidential Palace. On 17 November 1974 the remains of [[Eva Peron|Evita]] were moved to the crypt on the grounds of the Presidential Palace. While the body was in Congress, over 135,000 people filed past the coffin, while a million Argentines had to bid their farewell to their leader from the outside. Two thousand foreign journalists reported the details of the funeral. |
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[[Raul Alfonsín]] died at age 82 on 31 March 2009 after a long battle against lung cancer and. in his last days, broncoaspirativa pneumonia. [[Argentina]]'s government declared three days of national mourning for the death and his remains were veiled from the early hours of April 1, 2009 in the Blue Room of the National Congress, which was attended also by authorities and politicians of different parties an estimated 80,000 people had to wait in line for five to six hours. Among the political authorities who attended the event were former presidents [[Carlos Menem]], [[Eduardo Duhalde]], [[Fernando De la Rua]] and [[Nestor Kirchner]], President [[Cristina Fernandez]] was unable to attend because they were in the G-20 London but sent its condolences. The next day they were taken to a military gun carriage escorted by the Mounted Grenadiers Regiment at [[Recoleta Cemetery]] in [[Buenos Aires]]. The remains of former president rested temporarily in the vault of the fallen in the Revolution of the Park until 16 May were transferred to a single monument in the cemetery in a place built of gray and beige marble, where there is a cross on top and a bright stained glass by entering a glimmer. |
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[[Argentina]]'s former [[President of Argentina|President]] and [[Secretary General of UNASUR]], [[Néstor Kirchner]], died of heart failure on the morning of 27 October 2010 at the Jose Formenti hospital in [[El Calafate]], [[Santa Cruz Province (Argentina)|Santa Cruz Province]] at the age of 60.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clarin.com/politica/gobierno/Kirchner-sufrido-descompensacion-cardiaca-Calafate_0_361164064.html|title=Murió el ex presidente Néstor Kirchner|date=27 October 2010|publisher=Clarín|location=Buenos Aires|language=es|trans-title=Former president Néstor Kirchner has died}}</ref> Although there was some effort made to revive him, it did not do so{{vague|date=October 2010}}<ref name="lanacion1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/el-pais-conmocionado-por-la-muerte-del-ex-presidente-nestor-kirchner-nid1319033/|title=El país, conmocionado por la muerte del ex presidente Néstor Kirchner|newspaper=La Nación|date=28 October 2010|last1=Arias|first1=Mariela}}</ref> His wife, [[President of Argentina|President]] [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]], was present with him when he died.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1319045 |title=Cristina lo acompañó hasta el final, La Nación |publisher=Lanacion.com.ar |date=2010-10-27 |access-date=2010-10-28 |archive-date=2010-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029212657/http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1319045 |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was also expected to run for [[Argentine general election, 2011|president in 2011]].<ref name="aljaz">{{cite web|url=http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2010/10/2010102713264244362.html |title=Argentine ex-leader Kirchner dies — Americas |publisher=Al Jazeera English |access-date=2010-10-28}}</ref> |
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===Barbados=== |
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A state funeral was held on November 3, 2010, in [[Bridgetown]] for former [[Prime Minister of Barbados|Barbados Prime Minister]] [[David Thompson (Barbadian politician)|David Thompson]].<ref>{{cite web|title=State funeral for David Thompson|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2010/11/101102_davidthompsonfuneral.shtml}}</ref> |
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===Brazil=== |
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[[File:Jose Alencar Velorio1.jpg|thumb|right|State funeral of [[José Alencar]], former Vice President of Brazil, at the [[Planalto Palace]], [[Brasília]]]] |
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State funerals were held for the President-elect of Brazil, [[Tancredo Neves]], who died before taking office. The former Vice President of Brazil, [[José Alencar]], was also buried with a head of state's honor, after his passing due to cancer. Other than heads of state, personalities such as the [[Formula 1]] racing champion [[Ayrton Senna]], dead in 1994 after a crash during a race, and the architect [[Oscar Niemeyer]], who died in 2012 at the age of 104, among others. |
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===Canada=== |
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{{Main|State funerals in Canada}} |
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In [[Canada]], state funerals are public events held to commemorate the memory of present and former [[Governor General of Canada|governors general]], present and former [[Prime Minister of Canada|prime ministers]], sitting members of the Ministry (the [[Privy Council]]) and other prominent Canadians at the discretion of the Prime Minister. With ceremonial, military, and religious elements incorporated, state funerals are offered and executed by the [[Government of Canada]] which provides a dignified manner for the Canadian people to mourn a national public figure. |
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In 2006, the House of Commons voted unanimously, on a motion introduced by the NDP, to hold a state funeral when the last Canadian veteran of the First World War died. However, [[John Babcock]], after becoming the last surviving veteran, stated that he did not feel the need to be honoured in such a way. |
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In August 2011, in a rare circumstance, Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]] offered a state funeral for his political adversary and [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|Leader of the Opposition]], [[Jack Layton]]. Layton died of cancer three months after his [[New Democratic Party (Canada)|New Democratic Party]] became the [[official opposition]], for the first time in his party's history. |
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In 2014, former finance minister [[Jim Flaherty]] received a state funeral after his death. |
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===Dominica=== |
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[[Crispin Sorhaindo]], former [[President of Dominica]], was given a state funeral on January 18, 2010, in [[Roseau]].<ref>{{cite web|title=State Funeral for the Late Crispin A. Sorhaindo|publisher=Dominica Central Newspaper|url=http://www.dominicacentral.com/politics/state-funeral-for-the-late-crispin-a-sorhaindo.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120730190301/http://www.dominicacentral.com/politics/state-funeral-for-the-late-crispin-a-sorhaindo.html|archive-date=2012-07-30}}</ref> |
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===Ecuador=== |
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On November 16, 2016, the state funeral of former [[President of Ecuador]] [[Sixto Durán Ballén]] was held in [[Quito]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/rafaelcorrea-autorizacion-cancilleria-funeral-sixtoduranballen.html|title=Rafael Correa autoriza a la Cancillería y a Defensa organizar funeral de Estado para Sixto Durán Ballén|publisher=El Comercio.com|access-date=November 16, 2016|date=November 16, 2016}}</ref> |
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===Grenada=== |
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On March 16, 2012, a state funeral was held in [[St. George's, Grenada|St. George's]] for former [[Prime Minister of Grenada|Grenadian Prime Minister]] [[George Ignatius Brizan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Former Prime Minister to be accorded a State Funeral|publisher=Caribseek News|url=http://news.caribseek.com/index.php/caribbean/grenada-news/item/5793-former-prime-minister-to-be-accorded-a-state-funeral|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712051901/http://news.caribseek.com/index.php/caribbean/grenada-news/item/5793-former-prime-minister-to-be-accorded-a-state-funeral|archive-date=2012-07-12}}</ref> |
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===Jamaica=== |
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Legendary [[reggae]] singer [[Bob Marley]] received a state funeral in Jamaica on 21 May 1981, which combined elements of [[Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church|Ethiopian Orthodoxy]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://orthodoxhistory.org/2010/06/04/source-of-the-week-bob-marleys-funeral-program/ |title=Bob Marley's funeral program |publisher=Orthodoxhistory.org|access-date=4 June 2010|date=2010-06-04 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://orthodoxhistory.org/2011/05/11/30-year-anniversary-of-bob-marleys-death/ |title=30 Year Anniversary of Bob Marley's Death |publisher=Orthodoxhistory.org|access-date=11 May 2011|date=2011-05-11 }}</ref> and Rastafari tradition.<ref>{{harvnb|Moskowitz|2007|p=116}}</ref> |
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On July 18, 2004, a state funeral was held for former [[Prime Minister of Jamaica|Jamaican Prime Minister]] [[Hugh Shearer]] in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]].<ref>{{cite web|title=State Funeral for Hugh Shearer on Sunday, July 18|publisher=Jamaica Information Service|url=http://www.jis.gov.jm/news/archive/3082-foreign_affairs-state-funeral-for-hugh-shearer-on-sunday-july-18|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120802223720/http://www.jis.gov.jm/news/archive/3082-foreign_affairs-state-funeral-for-hugh-shearer-on-sunday-july-18|archive-date=2012-08-02}}</ref> |
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On June 23, 2019, a state funeral was held for former [[Prime Minister of Jamaica|Jamaican Prime Minister]] [[Edward Philip George Seaga]] in [[Kingston, Jamaica|Kingston]]. He was the [[Prime Minister of Jamaica#Prime Ministers of Jamaica|fifth Prime Minister]] of [[Jamaica]], from 1980 to 1989, and the leader of the [[Jamaica Labour Party]] from 1974 to 2005. |
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===Mexico=== |
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Novelist [[Carlos Fuentes]] received a state funeral on May 16, 2012, with his funeral cortege briefly stopping traffic in Mexico City. The ceremony was held in the [[Palacio de Bellas Artes]] and was attended by President [[Felipe Calderón]].<ref name=T>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/9272872/Presidents-and-Nobel-winners-honour-Mexican-writer-Carlos-Fuentes.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/9272872/Presidents-and-Nobel-winners-honour-Mexican-writer-Carlos-Fuentes.html |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Presidents and Nobel winners honour Mexican writer Carlos Fuentes |author=Gaby Wood |date=May 17, 2012 |work=The Telegraph |access-date=May 17, 2012}}{{cbignore}}</ref> |
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State funerals have also been held for former Mexican presidents. Traditionally, the final funeral services for a former Mexican president is held at either the [[Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral]] or [[Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe]]. The services are attended by the former president's family, the current [[President of Mexico]], the [[Head of Government of Mexico City]] and their families, foreign heads of state or their representatives (usually a foreign ambassador, [[vice president]], [[prime minister]] or [[premier]]), military officials, Senators and Deputies, and other dignitaries. The principal celebrant of the service is usually the [[Archbishop of Mexico City]], and traditionally the President and the Head of Government of Mexico City both deliver the final eulogies and remarks. |
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On the days leading to a Presidential state funeral, the [[Mexican flag]]s are at half-mast, and the Olympic cauldron at [[Estadio Olimpico Universitario]] is lit until the funeral services have ended, when it is extinguished. The day of the Presidential funeral, if held in [[Mexico City]], is usually the [[national day of mourning]]; there is no mail to be delivered on that day, all schools and colleges in Mexico City are closed, and all television and motion picture studios in Mexico City, and with them the studios of [[Televisa]], [[TV Azteca]], [[Imagen Televisión]] and [[Multimedios Televisión]] within the capital and their affiliates across Mexico, alongside those of state-owned [[Canal Catorce]] and [[Canal del Congreso]], and public television networks [[Canal Once (Mexico)|Channel 11]], [[TV UNAM]] and [[Televisión Educativa (Mexico)|Educational Television of Mexico]], are closed to audiences and tours. All business, including shopping centers and entertainment facilities, in Mexico City are closed for the day; stores and theaters that are part of regional and national retail and theater companies headquartered in Mexico City are also closed nationwide. |
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The most recent Presidential funeral was that of [[Miguel de la Madrid]], which was attended by thousands of dignitaries including President Calderon and Head of Government of the Federal District [[Marcelo Ebrard]]. |
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===St Lucia=== |
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Sir [[William George Mallet]] [[GCSL]] [[GCMG]] [[CBE]] (July 24, 1923 – October 20, 2010) received a state funeral on October 28, 2010, in the capital [[Castries]]. Mallet was a politician who held a number of high offices in Saint Lucia, one of the Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles in the Eastern Caribbean. On June 1, 1996, "Sir George" was appointed to the office of [[Governor-General of St Lucia]]. |
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===The Bahamas=== |
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On September 4, 2000, a state funeral was held in [[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]] for former [[Prime Minister of the Bahamas|Bahamian Prime Minister]] Sir [[Lynden Pindling]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sir Lynden Pindling State Funeral|publisher=Bahamas Conference of Seventh-day Adventists|url=http://www.bahamasconference.org/sirlynden-pindling-state-funeral.htm}}</ref> On January 5, 2012, a state funeral was held in Nassau for former [[Governor-General of the Bahamas|Bahamian Governor-General]] Sir [[Clifford Darling]].<ref>{{cite web|title=State Funeral announced for the late Sir Clifford Darling|publisher=The Bahamas Weekly|url=http://www.thebahamasweekly.com/publish/bis-news-updates/State_Funeral_announced_for_the_late_Sir_Clifford_Darling19497.shtml}}</ref> |
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===United States=== |
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{{Main|State funerals in the United States}} |
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[[File:Photograph of the caisson bearing the flag-draped casket of President John F. Kennedy leaving the White House... - NARA - 200455.jpg|thumb|upright=.95|[[limbers and caissons|Caisson]] bearing the casket of U.S President [[John F. Kennedy]] leaving the [[White House]] with the color guard and riderless horse following behind on November 25, 1963]] |
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In the [[United States]], state funerals are held in the nation's capital, [[Washington, D.C.]], and involve military spectacle, ceremonial pomp, and religious observance. As the highest possible honor bestowed upon a person [[wikt:posthumous|posthumously]], state funerals are an entitlement offered to a sitting or former [[President of the United States]], a [[President-elect of the United States|President-elect]], as well as other people designated by the President.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/Last_Salute/AppA.htm#AppA1965|title=APPENDIX A-3-TABLE OF ENTITLEMENT, 1965|publisher=United States Army|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205003407/https://history.army.mil/books/Last_Salute/AppA.htm|archive-date=December 5, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=State Funeral Traditions|publisher=United States Army|url=http://www.mdw.army.mil/statefcetradition.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906162154/http://www.mdw.army.mil/statefcetradition.htm|archive-date=2011-09-06}}</ref> Administered by the [[United States Army Military District of Washington|Military District of Washington]] (MDW), state funerals are greatly influenced by [[protocol (diplomacy)|protocol]], steeped in [[tradition]], and rich in [[history]]. However, the overall planning as well as the decision to hold a state funeral, is largely determined by the President before his death and the [[First Family of the United States|First Family]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Arlington's Ceremonial Horses and Funerals at the White House |publisher=White House Historical Association |url=http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_publications/publications_documents/whitehousehistory_19.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626081049/http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_publications/publications_documents/whitehousehistory_19.pdf |archive-date=2010-06-26 }}</ref> |
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State funerals have been held in Washington D.C. for [[William Henry Harrison]] (1841),<ref name="whitehousehistory.org">{{cite web|title=Presidential Funerals|publisher=White House Historical Association|url=http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_shows/presidential_funerals/presidential_funerals.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110415224822/http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_shows/presidential_funerals/presidential_funerals.html|archive-date=2011-04-15}}</ref> [[Zachary Taylor]] (1850),<ref name="whitehousehistory.org"/> [[Abraham Lincoln]] (1865),<ref>{{cite web|title=President Lincoln's Funeral|publisher=The Lincoln Institute|url=http://www.mrlincolnswhitehouse.org/inside.asp?ID=213&subjectID=2|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110506234514/http://www.mrlincolnswhitehouse.org/inside.asp?ID=213&subjectID=2|archive-date=2011-05-06}}</ref> [[Thaddeus Stevens]] (1868),<ref>{{cite web|title=The funeral of Representative Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania|publisher=United States House of Representatives|url=http://artandhistory.house.gov/highlights.aspx?action=view&intID=332|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602010320/http://artandhistory.house.gov/highlights.aspx?action=view&intID=332|archive-date=2011-06-02}}</ref> [[James A. Garfield]] (1881),<ref name="whitehousehistory.org"/> [[William McKinley]] (1901),<ref name="whitehousehistory.org"/> [[Warren G. Harding]] (1923),<ref name="whitehousehistory.org"/> the [[Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Arlington)|Unknown Soldier]] of [[World War I]] (1921),<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter 1: The Last Salute|publisher=United States Army|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/last_salute/Ch1.htm|access-date=2011-08-11|archive-date=2019-11-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102155355/https://history.army.mil/books/Last_Salute/Ch1.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[William Howard Taft]] (1930),<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter 2: The Last Salute|publisher=United States Army|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/last_salute/Ch2.htm}}</ref> [[John J. Pershing]] (1948),<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter 4: The Last Salute|publisher=United States Army|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/last_salute/Ch4.htm|access-date=2011-08-23|archive-date=2012-08-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812004146/http://www.history.army.mil/books/Last_Salute/Ch4.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Arlington)|Unknown Soldiers]] of [[World War II]] and the [[Korean War]] (1958),<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter 14: The Last Salute|publisher=United States Army|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/last_salute/Ch14.htm}}</ref> [[John F. Kennedy]] (1963),<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter 23: The Last Salute|publisher=United States Army|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/last_salute/Ch23.htm}}</ref> [[Douglas MacArthur]] (1964),<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter 24: The Last Salute|publisher=United States Army|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/last_salute/Ch24.htm}}</ref> [[Herbert Hoover]] (1964),<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter 25: The Last Salute|publisher=United States Army|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/last_salute/Ch25.htm}}</ref> [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] (1969),<ref>{{cite web|title=Chapter 29: The Last Salute|publisher=United States Army|url=http://www.history.army.mil/books/last_salute/Ch29.htm}}</ref> [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] (1973),<ref>{{cite web|title=Recent Mourning Observations at the White House|publisher=White House Historical Association|url=http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_shows/presidential_funerals/presidential_funerals-recent.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921162529/http://www.whitehousehistory.org/whha_shows/presidential_funerals/presidential_funerals-recent.html|archive-date=2011-09-21}}</ref> [[Ronald Reagan]] (2004),<ref>{{cite news |title=LBJ's 1973 Funeral to Be Model For Farewell to 40th President|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A18984-2004Jun5.html | date=6 June 2004}}</ref> [[Gerald Ford]] (2006-2007),<ref>{{cite web|title=State Funeral and Tribute|publisher=The Gerald R. Ford Presidential Foundation|url=http://www.geraldrfordfoundation.org/state-funeral-and-tribute/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008151334/http://www.geraldrfordfoundation.org/state-funeral-and-tribute/|archive-date=2011-10-08}}</ref> [[George H. W. Bush]] (2018),<ref>{{cite news |title=State funeral of George H.W. Bush: Services at Capitol, National Cathedral, Houston church, Texas A&M|publisher=Dallas Morning News|url=https://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2018/12/02/state-funeral-george-hw-bush-services-capitol-national-cathedral-houston-church-texas-am | date=2 December 2018}}</ref> and [[Ruth Bader Ginsburg]] (2020).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Quinn |first1=Melissa |title=Ruth Bader Ginsburg to lie in repose at Supreme Court this week |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ruth-bader-ginsburg-lie-in-repose-supreme-court-lie-in-state-capitol/ |website=CBS News |access-date=21 September 2020}}</ref> |
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The first woman to lie in state in the Capitol was Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marcos |first1=Cristina |title=Ginsburg to lie in state in Capitol on Friday |url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/517385-ginsburg-to-lie-in-state-in-capitol-on-friday |website=The Hill |date=21 September 2020 |access-date=21 September 2020}}</ref> |
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==Asia and Oceania== |
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===Australia=== |
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In Australia, Commonwealth (federal) state funerals are generally offered to former or deceased [[governor-general of Australia|governors-general]], [[prime minister of Australia|prime ministers]] and long-serving members of the [[Parliament of Australia]]. In rare occasions a Commonwealth state funeral is offered to people outside politics but who made a significant contribution to the nation, for example Sir [[Douglas Mawson]] was granted a Commonwealth state funeral in 1958.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.samemory.sa.gov.au/site/page.cfm?u=960&c=7138|title=State funeral : the late Sir Douglas Mawson|publisher=State Library of South Australia}}</ref> A Commonwealth state funeral was offered for [[Margaret Whitlam]] but the Whitlam family declined.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/whitlam-family-decline-state-funeral-for-margaret/story-fn3dxity-1226303980761|title=Whitlam family decline state funeral for Margaret|publisher=The Australian|date=19 March 2012}}</ref> [[Steve Irwin]] was offered a state funeral after his death in 2006 but his family declined, opting for a private ceremony.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/sep/11/australia.mainsection |title=Funeral held for crocodile hunter Steve Irwin |date=11 September 2006 |work=The Guardian |access-date=10 August 2022 }}</ref> |
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Military state funerals are offered to former senior officers of the [[Australian Defence Force]], for example Field Marshall Sir [[Thomas Blamey]], and sometimes given to governors-general, prime ministers, state governors and state premiers who had previous military service. The [[Tomb of the Unknown Soldier|Unknown Soldier]] was given a Commonwealth military state funeral on 11 November 1993 before being interred in the Hall of Memory at the [[Australian War Memorial]]. In the early years of the 21st century, military state funerals were offered to the last few [[World War I]] veterans. |
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====New South Wales==== |
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State funerals held in NSW are subject to a policy operated since 1966. [[Governor of New South Wales|Governor]]s, [[Chief Justice of New South Wales|Chief Justice]]s, premiers, and long-term ministers are generally offered a state funeral. However the premier of NSW can offer such a service for those determined to be distinguished citizens of NSW. For example, soccer player [[Johnny Warren]] was given a state funeral in NSW. Where the family of the dead person does not wish to have a state funeral, the offer of a state memorial service will be considered. |
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Some former governors who had previous military service were given military state funerals, for example Rear Admiral Sir [[David Martin (governor)|David Martin]] and Air Marshal Sir [[James Rowland (RAAF officer)|James Rowland]]. |
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On 27 November 2007, [[Bernie Banton]], a campaigner for asbestos victims who worked for [[James Hardie]], lost his battle with mesothelioma, an [[asbestos]]-related disease. His family was offered a state funeral by NSW premier [[Morris Iemma]]. |
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====Queensland==== |
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Current and former [[Governor of Queensland|Governors]], [[Premier of Queensland|Premiers]], [[Deputy Premier of Queensland|deputy premiers]], [[Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland|speakers of the Legislative Assembly]], [[Chief Justice of Queensland|chief justices of the Supreme Court]], presidents of the Court of Appeal and current members of the [[Executive Council of Queensland|Executive Council]] are automatically eligible for a state funeral.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premiers.qld.gov.au/right-to-info/published-info/assets/state-funeral-policy.doc|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015034342/http://www.premiers.qld.gov.au/right-to-info/published-info/assets/state-funeral-policy.doc|url-status=dead|archive-date=2009-10-15|title=State Funerals|publisher=Protocol Queensland, Department of Premier and Cabinet}}</ref> It is the prerogative of the premier of the day to offer a state funeral to other prominent Queenslanders. A state funeral was offered for TV celebrity [[Steve Irwin]] in September 2006, but his family declined the offer. |
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====Victoria==== |
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State funerals are generally offered to former governors, premiers and other senior public officials. At the discretion of the premier, a state funeral can be offered to other prominent Victorians; for example, broadcaster [[Peter Evans (radio personality)|Peter Evans]] (1985), [[Australian rules football|Australian Rules football]] player [[Ted Whitten]] (1995), race-car driver [[Peter Brock]] (2006), actor [[Bud Tingwell|Charles 'Bud' Tingwell]] (2009), Australian Rules football player and charity worker [[Jim Stynes]] (2012), Australian Rules football player and media personality [[Lou Richards]] (2017), and cricketer [[Shane Warne]] (2022). A state funeral was also offered to the family of [[the Seekers]]' singer [[Judith Durham]] (2022), which was accepted.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,25490705-601,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090517001345/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0%2C25197%2C25490705-601%2C00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-05-17 |title=Latest News }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Warne family accept state funeral offer|date=6 March 2022|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/60637190|access-date=6 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Brandle |first=Lars |date=2022-08-08 |title=Judith Durham, Late Singer of The Seekers, to Receive State Funeral |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/judith-durham-the-seekers-state-funeral-victoria-1235122954/ |access-date=2022-08-14 |magazine=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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[[Olivia Newton-John]] was offered a state funeral following her death on 8 August 2022. Her family have accepted the offer.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-10/olivia-newton-john-state-funeral-daniel-andrews-victoria/101317502 |title=Olivia Newton-John's family indicates it would accept state memorial for Grease star |date=10 August 2022 |work=ABC News |access-date=10 August 2022 }}</ref> |
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Explorers [[Robert O'Hara Burke]] and [[William John Wills]] received Victoria's first (and Australia's second) state funeral on 21 January 1863.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://burkeandwills.slv.vic.gov.au/content/terra-incognita/aftermath/state-funeral|title=State Funeral | Dig - The Burke & Wills Research Gateway|publisher=State Library of Victoria}}</ref> |
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====South Australia==== |
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State funerals are generally offered to former Governors, Premiers, Deputy Premiers, Speakers of the House of Assembly, Chief Justices and other senior public officials. Surveyor General Lieutenant Colonel [[William Light]] (1786–1839) received South Australia's, and Australia's, first state funeral on 10 October 1839. The funeral procession commenced from his home at Theberton [Thebarton], passed through the [[Adelaide Park Lands]] to a service in Holy Trinity Church, North Terrace, Adelaide, and thence to burial in [[Light Square]], with military honours.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://adelaidia.history.sa.gov.au/things/colonel-william-light-grave-and-monument#;|title=Colonel William Light's Grave and Monument}}</ref> |
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====Western Australia==== |
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The offer of a state funeral is a decision of the Cabinet. |
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====Tasmania==== |
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State funerals are generally offered to former [[Governor of Tasmania|Governors]], [[Premier of Tasmania|Premiers]], Deputy Premiers, Speakers of the [[House of Assembly of Tasmania|House of Assembly]], Chief Justices and other senior public officials. |
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====Australian Capital Territory==== |
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The offer of a state funeral is at the discretion of the [[Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory|Chief Minister]]. People who have received state funerals include former chief minister [[Trevor Kaine]], Supreme Court judge [[Terry Connolly]] and former chairman of the Canberra Commercial Development Authority [[Jim Pead]]. |
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===Azerbaijan=== |
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{{main|Death and state funeral of Heydar Aliyev}} |
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[[File:Церемония прощания с Гейдаром Алиевым. Возложение венка.jpg|thumb|The coffin with the body of Heydar Aliyev Palace of the Republic]] |
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A state funeral was held for President [[Heydar Aliyev]] in 2003. Former president [[Abulfaz Elchibey]] was also accorded a state funeral upon his death. |
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===Cambodia=== |
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Cambodia held state funerals for the following people: |
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* King [[Norodom Suramarit]] (1960) |
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* King [[Norodom Sihanouk]] (2012) |
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=== Republic of China === |
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According to the Act of State Funeral (1948), state funerals are declared by presidential order after a majority vote in the [[Legislative Yuan]]. The [[Flag of the Republic of China|national flag]] shall be flown at half-mast on the day of the state funeral. |
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State funerals (or equivalent) were arranged for the following persons: |
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;By the Parliament of the Republic of China |
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* [[Cai E]] (1917) |
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* [[Huang Xing]] (15 April 1917) |
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* [[Sun Yat-sen]] (1 June 1929) |
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;By the Canton Military Government |
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* [[Cheng Biguang]] (2 March 1918) |
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* [[Li Zhonglin]] (1920) |
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* [[Lin Xiumei]] (1921) |
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* [[Wu Tingfang]] (3 December 1924) |
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* [[Liao Zhongkai]] (August 1925, 1935) |
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;By the Nanking Nationalist Government |
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* [[Tan Yankai]] (1930) |
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* [[Lu Shidi]] (1930) |
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* [[Li Yuanhong]] (1935) |
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* [[Duan Qirui]] (2 November 1936) |
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* [[Hu Hanmin]] (17 June 1936) |
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* [[Shao Yuanchong]] (9 March 1937) |
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* [[Zhu Peide]] (13 March 1937) |
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* [[Tang Jiyao]] (25 December 1937) |
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* [[Liu Xiang (warlord)|Liu Xiang]] (14 February 1938) |
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* [[Xie Chi]] (6 May 1939) |
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* [[Lin Sen]] (August 1943) |
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* [[Cai Yuanpei]] (10 May 1947) |
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* [[Zhang Zizhong]] (28 May 1940) |
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* [[Tong Linge]] (28 July 1946) |
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* [[Bo Wenwei]], [[Chen Qimei]], [[Zhang Ji (Republic of China)|Zhang Ji]], [[Hao Mengling]], [[Li Jiayu]], [[Qin Zhen]] (19 May 1948) |
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* [[Dai Jitao]] (April 1949) |
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;By the Government of Republic of China (Taiwan) |
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* [[Hu Shih]] (1962) |
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* [[Chen Cheng]] (1965) |
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* [[Chiang Kai-shek]] (1975) |
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* [[Chiang Ching-kuo]] (1988) |
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* [[Yen Chia-kan]] (22 January 1994) |
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* [[Teresa Teng]] (28 May 1995) |
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* 8 soldiers who died in the UH-1 tragedy (11 April 2007) |
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* 8 soldiers who died in [[2020 ROCAF UH-60M crash]], including [[Shen Yi-ming]] (14 January 2020) |
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* [[Lee Teng-hui]] (7 October 2020) |
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===Hong Kong=== |
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====British Hong Kong==== |
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Prior to 1997, in British Hong Kong, [[Edward Youde]] was given Hong Kong's first state funeral in 1986.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/node/573906|title=HK's quiet champion|date=3 December 2006 |access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> The casket was carried by ten guardsmen, draped in the [[Union Flag]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1986/Throngs-attend-state-funeral-for-Gov-Edward-Youde/id-e54dccc7d8b13b9ae30b989f2cfdf170|title=Throngs attend state funeral for Gov. Edward Youde|website=www.apnewsarchive.com|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> and a 17-gun salute from [[HMS Tamar (shore station)]] was fired. The funeral was exceptionally well attended. |
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====Hong Kong post-1997==== |
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Since 1997, only three people in Hong Kong have been allowed to have the [[flag of the People's Republic of China]] draped on their coffin during their funeral: |
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* Mr. [[Ann Tse-kai]] (2000)—[[Hong Kong]] - former Legislative Council, Executive Council of Hong Kong, Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Basic Law Committee, Hong Kong Affairs Advisor |
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* [[Wong Ker-lee]] (2004) - Hong Kong business man, founder of Winco Paper Products |
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* [[Henry Fok Ying-tung]] (2006)—[[Beijing]] and [[Hong Kong]]; Hong Kong businessman |
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Funerals using a SAR flag are not deemed state funerals in Hong Kong. |
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The government provides funerals for fallen uniform service members. Flags of the specific service or the SAR flag maybe used on the coffin. [[Hong Kong Police Band]] may lead the procession as part the funeral ceremony and escort maybe provided by [[Hong Kong Police]] to final resting place at [[Gallant Garden]], a cemetery reserved for civil servants who died on duty. |
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===India=== |
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In India, State funerals were initially reserved only for current and former Presidents, Prime Ministers, Union ministers and State Chief Ministers. And the decision to accord a state funeral rested initially with the union government. But laws have been changed such that the state government can now decide who will be given a state funeral, depending on the stature of the deceased. If the union government has decided for a state funeral then following procedures will be applied to all over India, else if the state government has declared a state funeral then it applies only to the state. |
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The government takes into consideration the contribution made by the person to the state in various fields like politics, literature, law, science and arts. The chief minister of the concerned state takes a decision after consultations with other cabinet ministers. Once a decision is taken on the issue, it is conveyed to senior police officials including the deputy commissioner, the police commissioner and the superintendent of police, who have to make all the arrangements for a state funeral. |
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During a State funeral, |
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* A state mourning or [[National day of mourning]] is officially declared. |
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* The [[Indian National Flag|national flag]] is flown at half mast as per the [[Flag Code of India]]. This decision solely lies with the [[President of India]], who also decides the period for which flag is to be flown at half mast. |
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* A public holiday is declared. |
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* The deceased person's bier or coffin is draped with the national flag with saffron towards the head of the bier or coffin while [[lying in state]]. The flag should not be lowered into the grave or burnt in the pyre. |
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* The deceased is honored with a gun salute when being buried or cremated. |
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State funerals were organized for the following individuals (listed by category roughly according to their standing in the [[Indian order of precedence]]): |
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;Presidents of India (died in office): |
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* [[Dr. Zakir Hussain]] (1969) |
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* [[Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]] (1977) |
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;Vice Presidents of India (died in office): |
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* [[Krishan Kant]] (2002) |
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;Prime Ministers of India (died in office): |
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* [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] (1964) |
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* [[Lal Bahadur Shastri]] (1966) |
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* [[Indira Gandhi]] (1984) |
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;Former Presidents of India: |
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* [[Rajendra Prasad]] (1963) |
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* [[A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|A.P.J. Abdul Kalam]] (2015) |
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* [[Pranab Mukherjee]] (2020)<ref>{{cite news |last1=Joshi |first1=Manas |title=Pranab Mukherjee, former President, dies at 84; India declares 7-day mourning |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/pranab-mukherjee-dies-at-84-former-president-of-india-641378 |access-date=1 September 2020 |work=[[India TV]] |date=31 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> |
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;Former Prime Ministers of India: |
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* [[Charan Singh]] (1987) |
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* [[Rajiv Gandhi]] (1991) |
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* [[Morarji Desai]] (1995) |
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* [[Gulzarilal Nanda]] (1998) |
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* [[P. V. Narasimha Rao]] (2004) |
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* [[Chandra Shekhar Singh]] (2007) |
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* [[Vishwanath Pratap Singh]] (2008) |
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* [[Inder Kumar Gujral]] (2012) |
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* [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]] (2018) |
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;Cabinet Ministers of India (died in office) |
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* [[Ananth Kumar]] (2018) |
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;Former Cabinet Ministers of India |
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* [[Arun Jaitley]] (2019) |
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;Chief Ministers of India (died in office): |
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* [[Gopinath Bordoloi]], Chief Minister of [[Assam]] (1950) |
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* [[Ravishankar Shukla]], Chief Minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]] (1956) |
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* [[Sri Krishna Singh]], Chief Minister of [[Bihar]] (1961) |
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* [[Bidhan Chandra Roy]], Chief Minister of [[West Bengal]] (1962) |
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* [[Marotrao Kannamwar]], Chief Minister of [[Maharastra]] (1963) |
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* [[Balwantrai Mehta]], Chief Minister of [[Gujarat]] (1965) |
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* [[C. N. Annadurai]], Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] (1969) |
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* [[Dayanand Bandodkar]], Chief Minister of [[Goa]] (1973) |
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* [[Barkatullah Khan]], Chief Minister of [[Rajasthan]] (1973) |
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* [[Sheikh Abdullah]], Chief Minister of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] (1982) |
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* [[M. G. Ramachandran]], Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] (1987) |
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* [[Chimanbhai Patel]], Chief Minister of [[Gujarat]] (1994) |
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* [[Beant Singh (politician)|Beant Singh]], Chief Minister of [[Punjab]] (1995) |
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* [[Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy]], Chief Minister of Erstwhile [[Andhra Pradesh]] (2009) |
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* [[Dorjee Khandu]], Chief Minister of [[Arunachal Pradesh]] (2011) |
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* [[Mufti Mohammad Sayeed]], Chief Minister of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)]] (2016) |
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* [[J. Jayalalithaa]], Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] (2016) |
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* [[Manohar Parrikar]], Chief Minister of [[Goa]] (2019) |
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;Former Chief Ministers of India: |
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* [[P. S. Kumaraswamy Raja]], Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] (1957) |
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* [[Tanguturi Prakasam]], Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] (1957) |
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* [[O. P. Ramaswamy Reddiyar]], Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] (1970) |
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* [[C. Rajagopalachari]], Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] and last [[Governor-General of India]] from 1948 to 1950 (1972) |
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* [[K. Kamaraj]], Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] (1975) |
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* [[M. Bhaktavatsalam]], Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] (1987) |
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* [[N. T. Rama Rao]], Former Chief Minister of [[Andhra Pradesh]] (1996) |
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* [[E.K. Mawlong|E. K. Mawlong]], Former Chief Minister of [[Meghalaya]] (2008) |
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* [[Jyoti Basu]], Former Chief Minister of [[West Bengal]] (2010) |
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* [[M. Karunanidhi]], Former Chief Minister of [[Tamil Nadu]] (2018) |
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* [[N. D. Tiwari]], Former Chief Minister of [[Uttarakhand]] (2018) |
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* [[Madan Lal Khurana]], Former Chief Minister of [[Delhi]] (2018) |
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* [[Sheila Dikshit]], Former Chief Minister of [[Delhi]] (2019) |
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* [[Sushma Swaraj]], Former Chief Minister of [[Delhi]] (2019) |
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* [[Jagannath Mishra]], Former Chief Minister of [[Bihar]] (2019) |
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* [[Babulal Gaur]], Former Chief Minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]] (2019) |
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* [[Tarun Gogoi]], Former Chief Minister of [[Assam]] (2020) |
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* [[Kalyan Singh]], Former Chief Minister of [[Uttar Pradesh]] (2021) |
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* [[Mulayam Singh Yadav]], Former Chief Minister of [[Uttar Pradesh]] (2022) |
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;Former Chief Justices of India: |
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* [[Y.V. Chandrachud]] (2008) |
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;Holders of the Bharat Ratna: |
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* [[Mother Teresa]] (1997) |
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* [[Bhimsen Joshi]] (2011) |
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* [[Lata Mangeshkar]] (2022)<ref>{{Cite news|date=6 February 2022|title=RIP Lata Mangeshkar: Two-day mourning to be observed in India, state funeral to be accorded|work=Bollywood Hungama|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/bollywood/rip-lata-mangeshkar-two-day-mourning-to-be-observed-in-india-state-funeral-to-be-accorded/|access-date=6 February 2022}}</ref> |
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;Former Ministers of State |
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* [[Gurudas Kamat]] (2018) |
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;Chief of Defence Staff (died in office) |
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*[[General (India)|General]] [[Bipin Rawat]] (2021) |
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;Former Chiefs of Staff of the Indian Armed Forces: |
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* [[Field marshal (India)|Field Marshal]] [[Sam Manekshaw]] (2008)<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s)/no by-line.--> |title=Field Marshal Manekshaw to be accorded state funeral|work=Press Information Bureau |location= |date=27 June 2008}}</ref> |
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* [[Marshal of the Air Force]] [[Arjan Singh]] (2017) |
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;Former cabinet ministers in states |
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* [[Nandamuri Harikrishna]] (2018) |
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* [[K. M. Mani]] (2019) |
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Other personalities who received a state funeral: |
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* [[Mahatma Gandhi]] (1948) |
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* [[Sivaji Ganesan]] (2001) |
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* [[Dr. Rajkumar|Dr Raj Kumar]] (2006) |
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* [[Gangubai Hangal]] (2009) |
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* [[Sathya Sai Baba]] (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/millions-throng-puttaparthi-for-sathya-sai-last-rites-2455.html#:~:text=The%20funeral%20of%20Sathya%20Sai,way%20Prashanti%20Nilayam%2C%20Baba's%20abode|title=Sai Baba laid to rest at Kulwanth Hall with state honours-Politics News , Firstpost|date=27 April 2011}}</ref> |
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* [[Bal Thackeray]] (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/State-funeral-CM-went-by-peoples-sentiments/articleshow/17286438.cms|title=State funeral: CM went by people's sentiments {{!}} Mumbai News - Times of India|last1=Nov 20|first1=Bharti Jain {{!}} TNN {{!}} Updated|last2=2012|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2019-09-20|last3=Ist|first3=1:17}}</ref> |
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* [[Sarabjeet Singh]] (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1830066/report-sarabjit-singh-cremated-with-full-state-honours-thousands-throng-the-site-to-pay-last-respects|title=Sarabjit Singh cremated with full state honours, thousands throng the site to pay last respects - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=3 May 2013|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> |
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* Syedna [[Mohammed Burhanuddin]] (2014) |
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* [[Javare Gowda]] (2016) |
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* [[Kishori Amonkar]] (2017)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2017/india/hindustani-classical-singer-kishori-amonkar-given-state-funeral.html|title=Hindustani classical singer Kishori Amonkar given State funeral|date=2017-04-05|work=The Pioneer|language=en-IN}}</ref> |
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* [[Shashi Kapoor]] (2017)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/shashi-kapoor-given-state-funeral-191243|title=Shashi Kapoor given state funeral|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2018-03-02|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302164023/https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/shashi-kapoor-given-state-funeral-191243|archive-date=2018-03-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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* [[Sridevi]] (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/entertainment/bollywood-sridevi-funeral-hundreds-of-fans-gather-around-her-lokhandwala-house-to-pay-last-respect-430225|title=Sridevi cremated with state honours, nation bids tearful adieu|last=Ganguli|first=Aakriti|date=2018-02-28|website=www.indiatvnews.com|language=en|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref> |
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* [[Dada J. P. Vaswani]] (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/spiritual-leader-dada-jp-vaswani-cremated-with-state-honours-1883126|title=Spiritual Leader Dada JP Vaswani Cremated With State Honours|website=NDTV.com|access-date=2019-09-20}}</ref> |
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* [[Ajit Wadekar]] (2018)<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/former-india-cricket-captain-ajit-wadekar-dead/article24698639.ece|title=Former India cricket captain Ajit Wadekar dead|last=Viswanath|first=G.|date=2018-08-15|work=The Hindu|access-date=2018-08-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> |
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* [[Shivakumara Swami]] (2019) |
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* [[Vishwesha Teertha]] (2019) |
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* [[Jasraj|Pandit Jasraj]] (2020)<ref>{{cite news |last= Raghuvanshi |first= Aakanksha |date=August 20, 2020 |title=Legendary Vocalist Pandit Jasraj Cremated With State Honours. Anup Jalota, Kailash Kher And Others Attend Funeral |url=https://www.ndtv.com/entertainment/legendary-vocalist-pandit-jasraj-cremated-with-state-honours-anup-jalota-kailash-kher-and-others-attend-funeral-2282694#:~:text=Indian%20classical%20vocalist%20Pandit%20Jasraj,later%20brought%20back%20to%20India. |work=[[NDTV]] |location=[[New Delhi]] |access-date=21 August 2020 }}</ref> |
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*[[Bannanje Govindacharya]] (2020) |
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*[[Roddam Narasimha]] (2020) |
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*[[Vivek (actor)|Vivek]] (2021)<ref>{{cite news |title=Actor Vivek cremated with state honours as fans pay last respects |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/tamil/actor-vivek-cremated-with-state-honours-as-fans-pay-last-respects-7277915/ |access-date=19 April 2021 |work=The Indian Express |date=18 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref> |
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*[[Milkha Singh]] (2021)<ref>{{cite news |title=Milkha Singh's last rites performed with full state honours in chandigarh |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/milkha-singh-s-last-rites-performed-with-full-state-honours-in-chandigarh-11624108263184.html |access-date=21 June 2021 |work=Live Mint |date=19 June 2021 |language=en}}</ref> |
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*[[Dilip Kumar]] (2021)<ref>{{cite news|date=7 July 2021|title=Dilip Kumar gets state funeral, is draped in 'beautiful tricolour'.|language=en|work=Hindustan times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/dilip-kumar-gets-state-funeral-is-draped-in-beautiful-tricolour-watch-101625653720718.html}}</ref> |
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*[[Puneeth Rajkumar]] (2021)<ref>{{cite news |title=Puneeth Rajkumar's last rites were conducted with state honours |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/entertainment/others/puneeth-rajkumar-funeral-actor-laid-to-rest-with-state-honours-daughters-get-emotional-see-pics-101635647897476.html |date=21 June 2021 |work=Hindustan Times |access-date=31 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> |
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*[[Rahul Bajaj]] (2022)<ref>{{Cite news|date=12 February 2022|title=Industrialist Rahul Bajaj passes away, to be accorded state funeral|work=The Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/industrialist-rahul-bajaj-passes-away-at-83/articleshow/89526293.cms|access-date=13 February 2022}}</ref> |
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*[[Shivkumar Sharma]] (2022) |
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In the event of death of either the Head of the State or Head of the Government of a foreign country the Indian Mission accredited to that country may fly the national flag at half-mast. In the case of [[Pope John Paul II]], India declared a three-day official mourning period. |
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===Indonesia=== |
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[[File:State Funeral Procession of President B. J. Habibie, Jakarta - 12 September 2019.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|The state funeral procession of [[B. J. Habibie]] at the [[Kalibata Heroes Cemetery]], [[Jakarta]] on 12 September 2019]] |
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In [[Indonesia]], a state funeral is conducted with military protocols and ceremonial process involving the playing of the patriotic song "[[Gugur Bunga]]" and the attendance of high-ranking officials of the government and also ambassadors of foreign countries. A state funeral is conducted when the President, Vice President (in office or former), [[First Lady]], or equivalent has died. A [[national day of mourning]] will be announced and the nation will fly the national flag at [[Half mast#Indonesia|Half mast]]. If not requested personally, officially the deceased will be buried at the [[Kalibata Heroes Cemetery]] in [[Jakarta]]. |
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The state funeral will broadcast nationwide by state or private television stations. A military [[Guard of Honour]] tasked to the "State Protocol Escort Battalion" (''Batalyon Pengawal Protokoler Kenegaraan'' "Yonwalprotneg") from the [[Paspampres|Presidential Security Force]] will be the primary guard of honour involved in this procession wearing [[Red coat (military uniform)|red]] tasked to become [[Pallbearers]]. State funerals has been arranged on the respective dates: |
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* [[Sudirman]] (30 January 1950) |
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* The seven victims of the [[30 September Movement]] (5 October 1965) |
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* [[Sukarno]] (22 June 1970) |
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* [[Mohammad Hatta]] (15 March 1980) |
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* [[Hamengkubuwono IX]] (8 October 1988) |
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* [[Siti Hartinah|Tien Suharto]] (29 April 1996) |
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* [[Suharto]] (28 January 2008) |
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* [[Abdurrahman Wahid]] (31 December 2009) |
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* [[Ani Yudhoyono]] (1 June 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTjm71shSy0 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/gTjm71shSy0 |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=Presiden Jokowi Pimpin Upacara Pemakaman Ibu Ani Yudhoyono, Jakarta, 2 Juni 2019 - YouTube|website=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref> |
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* [[B. J. Habibie]] (12 September 2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V7ebOoOF_JI |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211222/V7ebOoOF_JI |archive-date=2021-12-22 |url-status=live|title=Presiden Jokowi Pimpin Upacara Pemakaman Bapak B.J. Habibie, Jakarta, 12 September 2019 - YouTube|website=www.youtube.com}}{{cbignore}}</ref> |
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===Iran=== |
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* [[Reza Shah]] (May 1950) |
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* [[Ali Razmara]] (9 March 1951) |
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* [[Hassan-Ali Mansur]] (27 January 1965) |
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* [[Mohammad Ali Rajai]] and [[Mohammad Javad Bahonar]] (30 August 1981) |
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* [[Ruhollah Khomeini]] (5 June 1989) - [[Ruhollah Khomeini#Death and funeral|funeral]] attracted over 3 million people. |
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* [[Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani]] (23 October 2014) |
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* [[Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani]] (10 January 2017) - [[Death and state funeral of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani|funeral]] attracted over 2 million people. |
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* [[Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi]] (26 December 2018) |
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===Japan=== |
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In Japan, before the Second World War, a state funeral was performed when an Imperial edict is issued. Since then, funerals of the Emperor and the other members of the Imperial Family were privately organized, and only certain portions of the funeral involved the state. |
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====Formal state funeral==== |
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* [[Okubo Toshimichi]] (1878) |
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* [[Iwakura Tomomi]] (1883) |
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* [[Shimazu Hisamitsu]] (1887) |
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* [[Sanjō Sanetomi]] (1891) |
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* [[Prince Arisugawa Taruhito]] (1895) |
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* [[Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa]] (1895) |
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* [[Mouri Motonori]] (1896) |
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* [[Empress Eishō]] (1897) |
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* [[Shimazu Tadayoshi (2nd)]] (1898) |
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* [[Prince Komatsu Akihito]] (1903) |
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* [[Itō Hirobumi]] (1909) |
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* [[Emperor Meiji]] (1912) |
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* [[Prince Arisugawa Takehito]] (1913) |
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* [[Ōyama Iwao]] (1916) |
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* [[Gojong of Korea]] (1919) |
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* [[Yamagata Aritomo]] (1922) |
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* [[Prince Fushimi Sadanaru]] (1923) |
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* [[Matsukata Masayoshi]] (1924) |
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* [[Sunjong of Korea]] (1926) |
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* [[Emperor Taishō]] (1926) |
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* [[Tōgō Heihachirō]] (1934) |
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* [[Saionji Kinmochi]] (1940) |
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* [[Isoroku Yamamoto]] (1943) |
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* [[Prince Kan'in Kotohito]] (1945) |
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* [[Empress Teimei]] (1951) |
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* [[Shigeru Yoshida]] (1967) |
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* [[Death and funeral of Emperor Shōwa|Emperor Shōwa]] (1989) |
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* [[Shinzō Abe]] (2022) |
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====Funeral where the state is involved==== |
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* [[Ōkuma Shigenobu]] (1922) |
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* [[Kijūrō Shidehara]] (1951) |
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* [[Yukio Ozaki]] (1954) |
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* [[Tsuneo Matsudaira]] (1954) |
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* [[Eisaku Satō]] (1975) |
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* [[Masayoshi Ōhira]] (1980) |
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* [[Nobusuke Kishi]] (1987) |
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* [[Takeo Miki]] (1988) |
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* [[Akira Ono]] (1990) |
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* [[Takeo Fukuda]] (1995) |
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* [[Keizō Obuchi]] (2000) |
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* [[Zenkō Suzuki]] (2004) |
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* [[Ryutaro Hashimoto]] (2006) |
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* [[Kiichi Miyazawa]] (2007) |
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* [[Takeo Nishioka]] (2011) |
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* [[Yasuhiro Nakasone]] (2020) |
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===New Zealand=== |
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[[File:Edmund Hillary State Funeral.jpg|thumb|right|People draped in the [[New Zealand flag]] at the [[Auckland Domain]] as the [[hearse]] carrying [[Sir Edmund Hillary]]'s coffin drives past during his state funeral]] |
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Traditionally, state funerals are reserved for all former [[Governor-General of New Zealand|Governors-General]], as well as [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|Prime Ministers]] who die in office, such as [[John Ballance]] in 1893, [[Joseph Ward]] in 1930<ref>Michael Bassett, ''Sir Joseph Ward: A political biography'' Auckland University Press, 1993.</ref> and [[Michael Joseph Savage]] in 1940.<ref name="Gustafson">Barry Gustafson, ''From the Cradle to the Grave: A biography of Michael Joseph Savage'', Reed Methuen, Auckland, 1986, p. 271.</ref> The funeral of John Ballance occurred in [[Whanganui]] after a lying in state in the [[New Zealand Parliament]] and a rail journey from Wellington. It was a [[Masonic funeral]] carried out at the Whanganui cemetery where he was interred.<ref>[http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&d=NZH18930519.2.75.4 "Obituary, Death of the Premier", New Zealand Herald, Volume XXX, Issue 9204, 19 May 1893, Page 1.] (Paper's Past Retrieved 1 December 2012)</ref> Both funerals of Ward and Savage were held in [[Sacred Heart Cathedral, Wellington|Sacred Heart Cathedral]] adjacent to the New Zealand Parliament.<ref name="Gustafson"/> In the case of Savage, his body lay in state in the Parliament building, where 50,000 people filed past it, before the [[Requiem Mass]] at the cathedral.<ref name="Gustafson"/> Others to receive state funerals include [[Truby King|Sir Frederic Truby King]] (1937) who founded the [[Plunket Society]], the unidentified victims of the [[Tangiwai rail disaster]] (1953),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/feature/story.cfm?c_id=1501792&objectid=10486474&pnum=0|title=Govt breaks rules for a national hero|date=January 12, 2008|access-date=2008-01-15|work=The New Zealand Herald|first=Claire|last=Trevett}}</ref> [[Victoria Cross]] recipient [[Jack Hinton]] (1997),<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/thepress/4352313a6009.html|title=Nation's farewell to be broadcast|date=2008-01-12|access-date=2008-01-14}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> the mountaineer [[Edmund Hillary|Sir Edmund Hillary]] (2008)<ref>[http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/latest/200801122207/sir_edmund_hillary_honoured_by_state_funeral Radio New Zealand News - Sir Edmund Hillary honoured by state funeral] (12 January 2008) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212234442/http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/latest/200801122207/sir_edmund_hillary_honoured_by_state_funeral |date=February 12, 2012 }}</ref> and the [[New Zealand Tomb of the Unknown Warrior|Unknown Warrior]] whose reinterment (from the [[Battle of the Somme|Caterpillar Valley Cemetery on the Somme]] in France) took place on [[Armistice Day]], 11 November 2004 and whose tomb at the [[National War Memorial (New Zealand)|New Zealand National War Memorial]] represents all New Zealand soldiers who died in war.<ref name="tomb">{{cite web | last =Manatū Taonga Ministry of Culture and Heritage | date =29 September 2014 | title =Tomb of the Unknown Warrior | url =http://www.mch.govt.nz/nz-identity-heritage/national-war-memorial/tomb-unknown-warrior | access-date = 7 February 2015 }}</ref> The offer of a state funeral was refused by the family of former Prime Minister [[David Lange]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/section/1/story.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10340832|title=Lange wanted simple family funeral|date=August 15, 2005|access-date=2008-01-14|work=The New Zealand Herald}}</ref> |
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===North Korea=== |
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State funerals are infrequent in [[North Korea]].<ref name=nkleadershipwatch/> Funerals, and who appears on official funeral committees, are considered important cues on power hierarchies of [[North Korean politics]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yet Another Purge in North Korea? |last1=Cha |first1=Victor |last2=Lim |first2=Andy |publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies |date=13 November 2015 |access-date=12 February 2019 |url= https://www.csis.org/analysis/yet-another-purge-north-korea }}</ref> According to a tradition inherited from the [[Soviet Union]], the chairperson of the funeral committee of a deceased [[leader of North Korea]] is beyond all doubt the next leader. This held true when [[Death and state funeral of Kim Il-sung|Kim Il-sung died]] in 1994 and was succeeded by [[Kim Jong-il]], who in turn was succeeded by [[Kim Jong-un]] in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Contingency planning: who would succeed Kim Jong Un? |last=Tertitskiy |first=Fyodor |work=NK News |date=14 March 2019 |access-date=19 March 2019 |url= https://www.nknews.org/2019/03/contingency-planning-who-would-succeed-kim-jong-un/ }}</ref> |
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* {{interlanguage link|Pak Tal|ko|박달}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Kim Il-sung |date=1994 |title=With the Century |volume=5 |url=http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/book/download.php?2+2005#.pdf |location=Pyongyang |publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House |page=254 |oclc=26154302}}</ref> |
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* [[Jang Kil-bu]]<ref>{{cite book|author1=O Tae-sok|author2=Paek Pong|author3=Yi Sang-gyu|title=The Benevolent Sun: Towards the complete victory of socialism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jw4_AQAAIAAJ|volume=4|year=1992|publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House|location=Pyongyang|page=130}}</ref> |
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* [[Ho Hon]] (1951)<ref>{{cite book |author1=Kim Kwang-il |author2=Pak Hak-il |author3= Han Jong-yon |author4=Cha Kwang-hyok |author5=Myong Sun-jong |title=Anecdotes of Kim Il-sung's Life |url=https://www.marxists.org/archive/kim-il-sung/bio/anecdotes1.pdf#page=28 |volume=1 |year=2007 |publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House |location=Pyongyang|oclc=591409714|pages=17–18}}</ref> |
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* [[Hong Won-kil]] (1976)<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of Korean Affairs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3GcqAAAAMAAJ|year=1975|publisher=Research Institute on Korean Affairs|issn=0047-2522|page=87}}</ref> |
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* [[Nam Il]] (1976)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Old Age, 'Unexpected Accidents' Lead to Reshuffle of North Korean Advisers |agency=UPI |work=Amarillo Globe Times |date=31 May 1976 |page=39 |access-date=15 February 2019 |url= https://newspaperarchive.com/amarillo-globe-times-may-31-1976-p-39/ }}</ref> |
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* [[Choe Yong-gon (army commander)]] (1976)<ref>{{cite book |last=Buzo |first=Adrian |edition=2nd |title=Politics and Leadership in North Korea: The Guerilla Dynasty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D9grDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT116|year=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis |location=Oxon|isbn=978-1-317-28497-0|at=Table 4.1}}</ref> |
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* [[Jang Chol-gu]] (1982)<ref>{{cite book |author=Kim Il-sung |date=1995 |title=With the Century |volume=6 |url=http://www.naenara.com.kp/en/book/download.php?2+2006#.pdf |location=Pyongyang |publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House |page=139 |oclc=26154302}}</ref> |
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* [[Kim Il (politician)|Kim Il]] (1984), whose funeral committee consisted of 69 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=North Korean vice president dies |agency=UPI |date=9 March 1984 |access-date=4 February 2021 |url= https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/03/09/North-Korean-vice-president-dies/7635447656400/}}</ref> |
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* [[Rim Chun-chu]] (1988), whose funeral committee consisted of 57 people.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Vice President Rim Dies, Given State Funeral|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CMRwAAAAMAAJ|title=Vantage Point|volume=11|year=1988|publisher=Naewoe Press|location=Seoul|oclc=603996576|page=19}}</ref> |
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* [[Choe Tok-sin]] (1989), whose funeral committee consisted of 23 people.<ref>{{cite book|title=Daily Report: East Asia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w2FWMlK5PPgC|volume=89–229|date=November 1989|publisher=The Service|pages=16–19}}</ref> |
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* [[So Chol]] (1992)<ref>{{cite book|title=North Korea Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIlh9nNeadMC&pg=PA914|year=2002|publisher=Yonhap News Agency|location=Seoul|isbn=978-0-7656-3523-5|page=914}}</ref> |
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* [[Kang Hui-won]] (1994)<ref>{{cite book|title=North Korea Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIlh9nNeadMC&pg=PA815|year=2002|publisher=Yonhap News Agency|location=Seoul|isbn=978-0-7656-3523-5|page=815}}</ref> |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Kim Il-sung]] (1994),<ref>{{cite book|author=Won Tai Sohn|title=Kim Il Sung and Korea's Struggle: An Unconventional Firsthand History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Hz119vPQYwC&pg=PA10|year=2003|publisher=McFarland|location=Jefferson|isbn=978-0-7864-1589-2|page=10}}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 273 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kim Il Sung |publisher=The Gale Group Inc. |year=2004 |access-date=7 February 2019 |url= https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/history/korean-history-biographies/kim-il-sung#1G23410800083 |work=Cold War Reference Library |via=Encyclopedia.com }}</ref> |
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* [[O Jin-u]] (1995),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Norkor's Kim attends funeral |work=UPI |date=1 March 1995 |access-date=13 February 2019 |url= https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/03/01/Norkors-Kim-attends-funeral/2841794034000/ }}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 240.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Country Report: South Korea, North Korea|journal = Country Report. South Korea|url=https://www.iuj.ac.jp/mlic/EIU/Report/North_Korea/May_1997_Main_report.pdf#page=48|year=1997|publisher=The Economist Intelligence Unit|location=London|issn=1350-6900|page=46}}</ref> |
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* [[Choe Kwang]]<ref name=nkeconwatch/> (1997), whose funeral committee consisted of 85 people.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Choe Kwang dies |agency=KCNA |date=February 22, 1997 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402103859/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/1997/9702/news2/22.htm#6 |url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/1997/9702/news2/22.htm }}</ref> |
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* [[Kim Kwang-jin (politician)|Kim Kwang-jin]]<ref name=nkeconwatch/> (1997) |
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* [[Ri Jong-ok]]<ref name=nkeconwatch/> (1999), whose funeral committee consisted of 60 people.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ko:고 리종옥 국가장의위원회 구성 |agency=KCNA |date=23 September 2009 |url=http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/1999/9909/news09/23.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012132606/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/1999/9909/news09/23.htm |archive-date=12 October 2014 |language=ko |access-date=12 February 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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* [[Kim Pyong-sik]]<ref name=nkeconwatch/> (1999), whose funeral committee consisted of 18 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kim Pyong Sik passes away |agency=KCNA |date=22 July 1999 |access-date=13 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012051107/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/1999/9907/news07/22.htm |url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/1999/9907/news07/22.htm |archive-date=12 October 2014 }}</ref> |
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* [[Jon Mun-sop]]<ref name=nkeconwatch/> (1999) |
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* [[Choi Hong-hui]] (2002),<ref>{{cite book|last=Gillis|first=Alex|title=A Killing Art: The Untold History of Tae Kwon Do, Updated and Revised|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_dEQDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT237|year=2016|publisher=ECW Press|location=Toronto|isbn=978-1-77090-695-2|page=237}}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 14 people.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ko:고 최홍희선생의 장의위원회 구성 |agency=KCNA |date=16 June 2002 |access-date=12 February 2019 |url=https://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200206/news06/16.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011205111/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item2/2002/200206/news06/16.htm |archive-date=11 October 2014 |language=ko |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
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* [[Ri Tu-ik]]<ref name=nkeconwatch/> (2002) |
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* [[Yon Hyong-muk]]<ref name=nkeconwatch/> (2005), whose funeral committee consisted of 49 people.<ref name=dies>{{Cite web |title=Yon Hyong Muk Dies |agency=KCNA |date=23 October 2005 |archive-date=12 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012071049/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2005/200510/news10/24.htm |url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2005/200510/news10/24.htm }}</ref> |
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* [[Pak Song-chol]]<ref name=nkeconwatch/> (2008), whose funeral committee consisted of 65 people.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ko:고 박성철의 장의위원회를 구성 |agency=KCNA |date=30 October 2008 |url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2008/10/10-30/2008-1029-018.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012010828/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2008/10/10-30/2008-1029-018.html |archive-date=12 October 2014 |language=ko }}</ref> |
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* [[Hong Song-nam]]<ref name=nkeconwatch>{{Cite web |title=Kim Jung-rin's farewell ride |work=North Korean Economy Watch |date=2 April 2010 |access-date=12 February 2019 |url= http://www.nkeconwatch.com/2010/05/02/kim-jung-rins-farewell-ride/ }}</ref> (2009), whose funeral committee consisted of 35 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hong Song Nam Dies |agency=KCNA |date=1 April 2009 |archive-date=12 October 2014 |url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200904/news01/20090401-15ee.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012061905/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2009/200904/news01/20090401-15ee.html }}</ref> |
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* [[Kim Jung-rin]] (2010), whose funeral committee consisted of 41 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kim Jung Rin Dies |work=North Korea Leadership Watch |date=28 April 2010 |access-date=12 February 2019 |url= https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2010/04/28/kim-jung-rin-dies/ }}</ref> |
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* [[Jo Myong-rok]] (2010),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jo Myong Rok, confidant of N. Korea's Kim |author=Hyung-Jin Kim |agency=AP |work=Boston.com |date=8 November 2010 |access-date=13 February 2019 |url= http://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2010/11/08/jo_myong_rok_confidant_of_n_koreas_kim/ }}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 171 people.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ko:고 조명록의 국가장의위원회 구성 |agency=KCNA |date=6 November 2010 |url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2010/11/11-06/2010-1106-016.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011193731/http://www.kcna.co.jp/calendar/2010/11/11-06/2010-1106-016.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 October 2014 |language=ko }}</ref> |
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* {{interlanguage link|Pak Jong-sun|ko|박정순 (정치인)}} (2011),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Funeral Service for Pak Jong Sun Held |agency=KCNA |date=24 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012021607/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2011/201101/news24/20110124-20ee.html |url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2011/201101/news24/20110124-20ee.html |archive-date=12 October 2014 }}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 47 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pak Jong Sun Dies |agency=KCNA |date=22 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141012025400/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2011/201101/news22/20110122-18ee.html |url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2011/201101/news22/20110122-18ee.html |archive-date=12 October 2014 }}</ref> |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Kim Jong-il]] (2011),<ref>{{Cite web |title=North Koreans mourn Kim Jong-il as state funeral begins |work=Telegraph.co.uk |date=28 December 2011 |access-date=12 February 2019 |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/8979867/North-Koreans-mourn-Kim-Jong-il-as-state-funeral-begins.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/8979867/North-Koreans-mourn-Kim-Jong-il-as-state-funeral-begins.html |archive-date=2022-01-12 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live }}{{cbignore}}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 232 people.<ref>{{cite news|title=N. Korean leader dies at 69 after decades of iron-fist rule|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2011/12/19/41/0301000000AEN20111219005752315F.HTML|access-date=20 December 2011|newspaper=Yonhap News Agency|date=19 December 2011}}</ref> |
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* [[Kim Kuk-thae]] (2013),<ref>{{Cite web |title=North Korean state funeral |work=The Hankyoreh |date=19 December 2013 |access-date=13 February 2019 |url= http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_northkorea/616133.html }}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 54 people.<ref>{{cite news|title=Kim Kuk T'ae (1924-2013)|publisher=North Korea Leadership Watch|date=15 December 2013|access-date=16 December 2013|url = http://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2013/12/15/kim-kuk-tae-1924-2013/}}</ref> |
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* [[Jon Pyong-ho]] (2014),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief architect of DPRK nuclear weapons program dies |agency=AFP |work=ABC News |date=9 July 2014 |access-date=12 February 2019 |url= https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-09/nk-nuclear-weapons-program-chief-dies/5584398 }}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted 89 of people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jon Pyong Ho (1926-2014) |work=North Korea Leadership Watch |date=8 July 2014 |access-date=31 August 2018 |url= https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2014/07/08/jon-pyong-ho-1926-2014/ }}</ref> |
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* [[Kim Yang-gon]] (2015),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aide to Kim Jong Un dies in car crash -- N. Korea media |last1=Kwon |first1=K.J. |last2=Ap |first2=Tiffany |work=CNN |date=10 December 2015 |access-date=12 February 2019 |url= https://edition.cnn.com/2015/12/29/world/north-korean-official-kim-yang-gon-dies/index.html }}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 70 people.<ref name="nkle_KimY">{{Cite web |title=Kim Yang Gon Funeral Committee |work=North Korea Leadership Watch |date=29 December 2015 |access-date=31 August 2018 |url= http://www.nkleadershipwatch.org/2015/12/29/kim-yang-gon-funeral-committee/ }}</ref> |
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* [[Ri Ul-sol]] (2015),<ref>{{Cite web |title=North Korean State Funeral Sparks New Purge Rumors |last=Padden |first=Brian |work=VOA |date=10 November 2015 |access-date=12 February 2019 |url= https://www.voanews.com/a/north-korean-state-funeral-sparks-new-purge-rumors/3051254.html }}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 169 people.<ref name=nkleadershipwatch>{{Cite web |title=Ri Ul Sol Funeral Committee: Who's On, Who's Not |work=North Korea Leadership Watch |date=9 November 2015 |access-date=31 August 2018 |url= https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2015/11/09/ri-ul-sol-funeral-committee-whos-on-whos-not/ }}</ref> |
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* [[Kang Sok-ju]] (2016),<ref>{{Cite web |title=N.K. holds state funeral of top diplomat Kang Sok-ju |author=Kim Soon-yeon |work=Yonhap News Agency |date=23 May 2016 |access-date=13 February 2019 |url= https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20160523000800315 }}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 53 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kang Sok Ju Dies |agency=KCNA |date=21 May 2016 |archive-date=24 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191124042216/http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2016/201605/news21/20160521-07ee.html |url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2016/201605/news21/20160521-07ee.html }} [https://kcnawatch.co/ Alt URL]</ref> |
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* [[Ryu Mi-yong]] (2016),<ref>{{Cite web |title=S.Korea permits son of deceased religious leader to visit North Korea |author=Dagyum Ji |work=NK News |date=24 November 2016 |access-date=13 February 2019 |url= https://www.nknews.org/2016/11/s-korea-permitted-son-of-n-korea-religious-leader-to-visit-dprk/ }}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 11 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ryu Mi Yong (1921-2016) |work=North Korea Leadership Watch |date=24 November 2016 |access-date=30 August 2018 |url= https://nkleadershipwatch.wordpress.com/2016/11/24/ryu-mi-yong-1921-2016/ }}</ref> |
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* [[Kang Ki-sop]] (2017)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kim Jong Un mourns death of North Korea aviation chief |last=Shim |first=Elizabeth |work=UPI |date=23 January 2017 |access-date=12 February 2019 |url= https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2017/01/23/Kim-Jong-Un-mourns-death-of-North-Korea-aviation-chief/9101485199460/ }}</ref> |
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* [[Kim Yong-chun]] (2018),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Funeral Service for Kim Yong Chun Held |work=Leadership and Economy of North Korea |date=21 August 2018 |access-date=12 February 2019 |url= https://nkreports.wordpress.com/2018/08/21/funeral-service-for-kim-yong-chun-held/ }}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 149 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=MAR Kim Yong Chun (1936-2018) |work=North Korea Leadership Watch |date=20 August 2018 |access-date=17 October 2018 |url= http://www.nkleadershipwatch.org/2018/08/20/mar-kim-yong-chun-1936-2018/ }}</ref> |
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* [[Kim Chol-man]] (2018),<ref>{{Cite web |title=N. Korea holds state funeral for former anti-Japanese fighter, military official |agency=Yonhap |work=The Korea Herald |date=6 December 2018 |access-date=12 February 2019 |url= http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20181206000096 }}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 71 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Funeral Committee for Kim Chol Man Formed |agency=KCNA |date=4 December 2018 |archive-date=5 December 2018 |archive-url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2018/201812/news04/20181204-15ee.html |url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2018/201812/news04/20181204-15ee.html }}</ref> |
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* [[Hwang Sun-hui]] (2020),<ref>{{Cite web |title=N. Korea holds state funeral for former anti-Japanese fighter |work=Yonhap News Agency |date=20 January 2020 |access-date=20 January 2020 |url= https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200120002000325 }}</ref> whose funeral committee consisted of 69 people.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ko:황순희동지의 서거에 대한 부고/조선중앙통신 보도 |work=The Choson Sinbo Online |date=18 January 2020 |access-date=20 January 2020 |url= http://chosonsinbo.com/2020/01/kcna_200118-2/ |language=ko }}</ref> |
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* [[Hyon Chol-hae]] (2022), whose funeral committee consisted of 184 people.<ref>{{Cite web |title=State Funeral Committee for Hyon Chol Hae Formed | agency = KCNA |date=20 May 2022 |access-date=15 June 2022 |url= https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1654152987-37199159/state-funeral-committee-for-hyon-chol-hae-formed/ |via=KCNA Watch }}</ref> |
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===Pakistan=== |
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Pakistan held the state funerals for the following people: |
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* [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] (1948) [[Father of the Nation]] |
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* [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]] (1988) (Died in Office) [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)]] |
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* [[Mushaf Ali Mir]] (2003) (Died in Office) [[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)]] |
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* [[Anwar Shamim]] (2013) [[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)]] |
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* [[Abdul Sattar Edhi]] (2016) [[Edhi Foundation]] |
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* [[Ruth Pfau]] (2017) [[Physician]] |
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* [[Asghar Khan]] (2018) [[Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)]] |
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* [[Abdul Qadeer Khan]] (2021) [[Nuclear physics]] |
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===Philippines=== |
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The Philippines held the state funerals for the following people: |
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* [[Manuel L. Quezon]] (1944) – [[List of presidents of the Philippines|2nd]] [[President of the Philippines]] (1935–44): died in office<ref name="philippines">{{cite web|title=Traditions and Protocol of a Presidential Funeral|url=http://malacanang.gov.ph/76818-presidential-funerals/|website=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette]]|publisher=Republic of the Philippines|access-date=11 July 2016|date=6 February 1964}}</ref> |
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* [[Manuel Roxas]] (1948) – 5th President of the Philippines (1946–48): died in office<ref name="philippines"/> |
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* [[Elpidio Quirino]] (1956) – 6th President of the Philippines (1948–53)<ref name="philippines"/> |
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* [[Ramon Magsaysay]] (1957) – 7th President of the Philippines (1953–57): died in office<ref name="philippines"/> |
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* [[Jose P. Laurel]] (1959) – 3th President of the Philippines (1943–45) |
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* [[Sergio Osmeña]] (1961) – 4th President of the Philippines (1944–46)<ref name="philippines"/> |
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* [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] (1964) – 1st President of the Philippines (1899–1901)<ref>{{cite web|title=Administration Order No. 89, s. 1964|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1964/02/06/administration-order-no-89-s-1964/|website=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette]]|publisher=Republic of the Philippines|access-date=11 July 2016|date=6 February 1964}}</ref> |
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* [[Carlos P. Garcia]] (1971) – 8th President of the Philippines (1957–61)<ref name="philippines"/> |
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* [[Benigno Aquino Jr.]] (1983) – Senator of the Philippines (1967–72) |
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* [[Carlos P. Romulo]] (1985) – [[Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)|Secretary of Foreign Affairs]] (1968–84)<ref name="ople">{{cite news|last1=Villanueva|first1=Marichu|title=State funeral set for Ople|url=http://www.philstar.com/headlines/231785/state-funeral-set-opleJul|access-date=July 11, 2016|work=[[The Philippine Star]]|date=December 16, 2003}}</ref> |
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* [[Diosdado Macapagal]] (1997) – 9th President of the Philippines (1961–65)<ref name="coryaquino">{{cite web|last1=Rimando|first1=Lala|title=Almost, but not quite, a state funeral for Cory|url=http://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/08/05/09/almost-not-quite-state-funeral-cory|publisher=[[ABS-CBN News]]|access-date=July 11, 2016|date=August 6, 2009}}</ref> |
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* [[Blas Ople]] (2003) – Secretary of Foreign Affairs (2002–03): died in office<ref name="ople"/> |
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* [[Jaime Sin]] (2005) – 30th [[Archbishop of Manila]] (1974–2005) |
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* [[Corazon Aquino]] (2009) – 11th President of the Philippines (1986–92) |
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* [[Perla Santos-Ocampo]] (2012) – [[National Scientist of the Philippines]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Bulletin No. 6 from the Committee on Funeral Arrangements and Burial of the late Secretary Jesse M. Robredo|url=https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/08/23/bulletin-no-6-from-the-committee-on-funeral-arrangements-and-burial-of-the-late-secretary-jesse-m-robredo/|website=[[Official Gazette (Philippines)|Official Gazette]]|publisher=Republic of the Philippines|access-date=11 July 2016|date=23 August 2012}}</ref> |
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* [[Jesse Robredo]] (2012) – [[Secretary of the Interior and Local Government|Secretary of Interior and Local Government]] (2010–12): died in office<ref>{{cite web|last1=Fonbuena|first1=Carmela|title=What happens in a state funeral?|url=http://www.rappler.com/nation/11274-what-happens-in-a-state-funeral|publisher=[[Rappler]]|access-date=July 11, 2016|date=August 27, 2012}}</ref> |
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* [[Miriam Defensor Santiago]] (2016) – [[Senate of the Philippines|Senator of the Philippines]] (1995–2001; 2004–16)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.rappler.com/nation/147939-miriam-defensor-santiago-buried/ | title=Miriam Defensor Santiago laid to rest |work=Rappler | date=October 2, 2016 | access-date=January 17, 2022}}</ref> |
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* [[Benigno Aquino III]] (2021) – 15th President of the Philippines (2010–16)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/things-to-know-presidential-state-funerals-philippines/ | title=FAST FACTS: Presidential funerals in the Philippines |work=Rappler | date=June 27, 2021 | access-date=January 17, 2022}}</ref> |
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* [[Ramon Barba]] (2021) – National Scientist of the Philippines<ref>{{cite news | url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/10/16/national-scientist-ramon-barba-laid-to-rest/?amp | title=National Scientist Ramon Barba laid to rest |work=Manila Bulletin | date=October 16, 2021 | access-date=January 17, 2022}}</ref> |
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* [[F. Sionil José]] (2022) – National Artist of the Philippines<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/arts-and-culture/2022/01/17/2154468/national-artist-f-sionil-jose-be-buried-libingan-ng-mga-bayani/amp/ | title=National Artist F. Sionil Jose to be buried in Libingan ng mga Bayani |work=The Philippine Star | date=January 17, 2022 | access-date=January 17, 2022}}</ref> |
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* [[Fidel V. Ramos]] (planned, 2022) – 12th President of the Philippines (1992–98)<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/840328/fidel-v-ramos-to-be-accorded-state-funeral-on-aug-9-palace/story/ | title=Fidel V. Ramos to be accorded state funeral on Aug. 9 — Palace |work=GMA News | date=August 3, 2022 | access-date=August 4, 2022}}</ref> |
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===Singapore=== |
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A state funeral was arranged for the following people on their deathbed on the respective date: |
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* [[Ahmad Ibrahim (Singaporean politician)|Ahmad Ibrahim]] (21 August 1962) - Minister of Health and Labour |
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* [[Yusof Ishak]] (23 November 1970) - 1st President of Singapore |
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* [[Benjamin Henry Sheares]] (12 May 1981) - 2nd President of Singapore |
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* [[Wee Kim Wee]] (2 May 2005) - 4th President of Singapore |
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* [[S. Rajaratnam]] (25 February 2006) - former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore |
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* [[Goh Keng Swee]] (23 May 2010) - former Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore |
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* [[Kwa Geok Choo]] (2 October 2010) - spouse of Lee Kuan Yew |
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* [[Lee Kuan Yew]] (23 March 2015) - 1st Prime Minister of Singapore |
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* [[S. R. Nathan]] (22 August 2016) - 6th President of Singapore |
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Another type of funeral in Singapore is a state-assisted funeral. Similar to a state funeral, the deceased may or may not be entitled to a ceremonial gun carriage, though he/she does not lie in state in the [[Istana (Singapore)|Istana]]. Such funerals are accorded to: |
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* [[Ong Teng Cheong]] (11 February 2002) - 5th President of Singapore |
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* [[Lim Kim San]] (20 July 2006) - former Cabinet Minister |
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* [[Toh Chin Chye]] (7 February 2012) - former Deputy Prime Minister |
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* [[Othman Wok]] (17 April 2017) - former Cabinet Minister |
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===South Korea=== |
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State funerals in South Korea are a mix of the Western and Korean funeral traditions, these are modern adaptations of the rites held in the funerals of Emperors of Korea. |
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* [[Park Chung-hee]] (1979) |
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* [[Choi Kyu-hah]] (2006) |
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* [[Roh Moo-hyun]] (2009) |
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* [[Kim Dae-jung]] (2009) |
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* [[Kim Young-sam]] (2015) |
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* [[Roh Tae-woo]] (2021) |
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* 155 victims died in [[Seoul Halloween crowd crush]] (2022) |
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=== Thailand === |
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{{Main|Thai royal funeral|Thai funeral#Government officials}} |
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In Thailand, state funerals are mostly analogous to the [[Thai royal funeral|royal funerals]] held for the [[King of Thailand|monarch]] and members of the [[Thai Royal Family|Royal Family]]. Royal ceremonies are also held for the cremation of the [[Supreme Patriarch of Thailand|supreme patriarch]] and senior members of the Buddhist clergy. There is no official royal or state ceremony for deceased prime ministers or other senior government officials, but the king may sponsor funerals of such persons by royally attending the funeral, bestowing the use of a ''kot'' (funerary urn), royally bestowing bathing water for the body, and royally sponsoring cremations or burials. |
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===Vietnam=== |
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In Vietnam, state funerals are held for former or current [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam|General Secretary of Communist Party]], [[President of Vietnam|President]], [[Prime minister of Vietnam|Prime minister]] and [[Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam|Chairperson of National Assembly]]. |
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In addition, the Politburo decided to organize the national funeral for others who have made great contributions and merits to the revolutionary cause of the party, state and people, having a great reputation domestically and internationally. |
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A state funeral was arranged for the following people on their deathbed on the respective date: |
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* [[Huỳnh Thúc Kháng]] (1947) |
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* [[Hồ Chí Minh]] (1969) |
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* [[Nguyễn Lương Bằng]] (1979) |
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* [[Tôn Đức Thắng]] (1980) |
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* [[Lê Duẩn]] (1986) |
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* [[Phạm Hùng]] (1988) |
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* [[Trường Chinh]] (1988) |
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* [[Lê Đức Thọ]] (1990)<ref>[https://www.upi.com/amp/Archives/1990/10/17/Le-Duc-Tho-buried-with-honors/7391656136000/ Le Duc Tho buried with honors]</ref> |
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* [[Nguyễn Hữu Thọ]] (1996) |
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* [[Nguyễn Văn Linh]] (1998) |
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* [[Lê Quang Đạo]] (1999) |
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* [[Phạm Văn Đồng]] (2000) |
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* [[Võ Văn Kiệt]] (2008) |
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* [[Võ Chí Công]] (2011) |
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* [[Võ Nguyên Giáp]] (2013) |
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* [[Phan Văn Khải]] (2018) |
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* [[Trần Đại Quang]] (2018) |
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* [[Đỗ Mười]] (2018) |
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* [[Lê Đức Anh]] (2019) |
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* [[Lê Khả Phiêu]] (2020) |
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In Vietnam, in a State Funeral, all national flags at governmental agencies worldwide, including public schools, hospitals, etc., will be tied to the pole by a black ribbon with the length equaling to the length of the flag, and the width equaling to one tenth of the flag, and the flag will be flown at [[half mast]]. Finally all entertainment are officially suspended within the days of the State Funeral. |
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==Europe== |
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===Belgium=== |
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[[File:Pompa funebris Albert Ardux - Escalatieres.jpg|thumb|Pompa Funebris [[Albert VII, Archduke of Austria|Albert VII]]]] |
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State funerals in Belgium need three conditions: playing the national anthem, the presence of the King or one of his representatives and the presence of the national flag on the coffin. State funerals were held for all the kings and queens of Belgium, for some royal family members and for former prime ministers. |
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===Belarus=== |
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===Denmark=== |
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On 29 August 1945, two years after the German occupation force in Denmark had dissolved the Danish army and navy, a state funeral was held for 106 killed members of the Danish resistance at their execution site which was thus inaugurated as the memorial cemetery that would later become [[Ryvangen Memorial Park]]. While flags were flying half-mast throughout Copenhagen 106 hearses drove from the [[Royal Stables (Denmark)|Christiansborg Riding Grounds]] through the city to Ryvangen, where bishop [[Hans Fuglsang-Damgaard]] led the funeral with participation from the royal family, the [[Cabinet of Vilhelm Buhl II|government]] and representatives of the resistance movement.<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.mindelundenryvangen.dk/historie.html | title= Historie - Mindelunden Ryvangen |trans-title=History - Ryvangen Memorial Park | publisher= Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs | access-date= 2015-05-31 | language= da | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141129045124/http://www.mindelundenryvangen.dk/historie.html | archive-date= 2014-11-29 }}</ref> |
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===Czech Republic=== |
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A state funeral was held for the former President [[Václav Havel]] in 2011. |
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A funeral with state honors was held for singer [[Karel Gott]] in 2019. |
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===Finland=== |
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[[File:UKK-hautajaissaattue-linna.jpg|thumb|Funeral cortege of [[President of Finland|President]] [[Urho Kekkonen]] in [[Helsinki]], 1986]] |
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In Finland state funerals are primarily reserved for former presidents but the honour has been granted to long-serving prime ministers, speakers of the parliament, and other distinguished citizens as well. In the 1990s the criteria for awarding a state funeral were considerably specified, so as not to diminish the prestige of the affair. |
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79 people have been awarded the honour of state funeral, among them: |
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* 1921 [[Juhani Aho]], author, the first person honoured with a state funeral in Finland |
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* 1926 [[Eino Leino]], author and poet |
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* 1947 [[Vera Hjelt]], member of Parliament, pioneer of work safety in Finland |
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* 1951 [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]], the Marshal of Finland and the 6th President of Finland |
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* 1952 [[Miina Sillanpää]], the first female minister in Finland |
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* 1956 [[Risto Ryti]], the 5th President of Finland |
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* 1957 [[Jean Sibelius]], composer |
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* 1966 [[Hannes Kolehmainen]], the first Finnish Olympic medalist (long-distance running) |
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* 1966 [[Wäinö Aaltonen]], sculptor |
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* 1973 [[Paavo Nurmi]], the most successful Finnish Olympic medalist (long-distance running) |
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* 1976 [[Armas Taipale]], Olympic medalist (discus) |
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* 1980 [[Rafael Paasio]], former Prime Minister and Speaker of the Parliament |
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* 1982 [[Ville Ritola]], Olympic medalist (long-distance running) |
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* 1986 [[Urho Kekkonen]], the 8th President of Finland |
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* 1987 [[Ella Eronen]], actress |
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* 1989 [[Tapani Niku]], Olympic medalist (cross-country skiing) |
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* 1990 [[Ahti Karjalainen]], former Prime Minister |
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* 1992 [[Väinö Linna]], author |
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* 1995 [[Väinö Valve]], general |
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* 2000 [[Johannes Virolainen]], former Prime Minister, Counsellor of State |
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* 2004 [[Kalevi Sorsa]], former Prime Minister |
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* 2004 [[Adolf Ehrnrooth]], General of the Infantry |
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* 2011 [[Harri Holkeri]], former Prime Minister, Counsellor of State |
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* 2017 [[Mauno Koivisto]], the 9th President of Finland |
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===France=== |
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The state funerals (''obsèques nationales'') are awarded by [[decree]] of the [[President of the French Republic]] to especially eminent Frenchmen and women. It was held for writers [[Victor Hugo]] (1885), [[Maurice Barrès]] (1923), [[Paul Valéry]] (1945), [[Colette]] (1954) and [[Aimé Césaire]] (2008),<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000018663517 Décret du 18 avril 2008 relatif aux obsèques nationales d'Aimé Césaire], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 93 du 19 avril 2008, p. 6562, texte No. 1, [[Système NOR|NOR]] HRUX0810057D, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> Generals [[Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque|Jacques Leclerc]] (1947),<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000316051 Loi No. 47-2293 du 6 décembre 1947 portant ouverture de crédits pour les funérailles nationales du général Leclerc], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 288 du 7 décembre 1947, pp. 11950–11951, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> [[Henri Giraud|Giraud]] (1949)<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000310037 Loi No. 49-338 du 14 mars 1949 portant que le général d'armée Giraud (Henri-Honoré), qui a commandé en chef devant l'ennemi, sera inhumé dans l'Hôtel national des Invalides et portant ouverture de crédits pour ses funérailles nationales], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 64 du 15 mars 1949, pp. 2643–2644, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> et [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny|de Lattre de Tassigny]] (1952)<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000888682 Loi No. 52-53 du 15 janvier 1952 portant ouverture de crédits pour les funérailles nationales du général de Lattre de Tassigny], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 13 du 16 janvier 1952, p. 659, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> and politicians [[Georges Coulon]] (1912), [[Albert Lebrun]] (1951),<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000693157 Loi No. 50-1616 du 31 décembre 1950 portant ouverture de crédit pour les obsèques de M. Albert Lebrun, ancien Président de la République française], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 1 du 1<sup>er</sup> janvier 1951, p. 7, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> [[Léon Blum]] (1951),<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000886658 Loi No. 51-13 du 4 janvier 1951 portant ouverture de crédit pour les obsèques de M. Léon Blum, ancien président du conseil], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 5 du 5 janvier 1951, p. 228, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> [[Édouard Herriot]] (1957)<ref>[http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000000501083 Loi No. 57-390 du 28 mars 1957 relative aux obsèques nationales de M. Édouard Herriot, Président d'honneur de l'Assemblée nationale], [[Journal officiel de la République française|JORF]] No. 75 du 29 mars 1957, p. 3267, sur [[Légifrance]].</ref> and [[Charles Aznavour#Death and funeral|Charles Aznavour]] (2018) An even higher honour is burial in the [[Panthéon de Paris]]. |
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===Ireland=== |
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{{Main|List of Irish state funerals}} |
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===Italy=== |
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[[File:Sandro Pertini32.jpg|thumbnail|State funeral of [[General]] [[Carlo Alberto dalla Chiesa]], his wife Emanuela Setti Carraro and agent Domenico Russo, [[assassinated]] by the [[Sicilian mafia]] on 3 September 1982. In the front row among others are [[List of Presidents of Italy|President]] [[Sandro Pertini]] and [[List of Prime Ministers of Italy|Prime Minister]] [[Giovanni Spadolini]].]] |
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In [[Italy]] state funerals are granted<ref name=ItaSF>{{cite web|title=Protocol for State Funerals and National Mourning|url=http://www.governo.it/Presidenza/ufficio_cerimoniale/cerimoniale/esequie.html|publisher=Official website of the Italian Government - Department of State Ceremonies}}</ref> by law to the Presidents of the constitutional entities, such as the [[President of Italy|Presidency]], the [[Italian Parliament|Parliament]], the [[Prime Minister of Italy|Government]] and the [[Constitutional Court (Italy)|Constitutional Court]], even after their terms have expired, and to [[Cabinet of Italy|Ministers]] who died during their [[term in office]]. State Funerals can also be granted, by decree of the [[Cabinet of Italy|Council of Ministers]], to people who gave particular services to the [[Italy|country]]; to [[Italian citizenship|citizens]] that brought honor to the [[Italy|nation]]; or to [[Italian citizenship|citizens]] who died in the line of duty, or were victims of either [[terrorism]], or [[organized crime]]. |
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The official protocol provides for<ref name="ItaSF"/> |
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* the coffin surrounded by six members in high uniform of either the [[Carabinieri]] or the same [[Armed forces of Italy|Armed Force]] the departed belonged to; |
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* an [[Guard of honour|honor guard]] to the coffin at the entrance and the exit of the place in which the ceremony is held; |
* an [[Guard of honour|honor guard]] to the coffin at the entrance and the exit of the place in which the ceremony is held; |
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* the presence of one representative of the [[Cabinet of Italy|Government]]; |
* the presence of one representative of the [[Cabinet of Italy|Government]]; |
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Line 772: | Line 26: | ||
* other honors that can be arranged by the [[Prime minister of Italy|Prime Minister]]. |
* other honors that can be arranged by the [[Prime minister of Italy|Prime Minister]]. |
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Public mourning, either [[National day of mourning|national]] or [[Mourning|local]], is declared following the dispositions of the [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]]'s decrees. The [[Flag of Italy|flags]] are flown at [[half-mast]] outside of public buildings, while inside they display two [[Black ribbon#Sign of mourning|black ribbons]], with the exceptions provided for military flags, when required by [[military protocol]].<ref name="ItaSF" /> |
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For the funeral of the [[President of Italy|President]] or a [[List of Presidents of Italy|former President]] the six members of the [[Carabinieri]], who carry the coffin, belong to the special branch of the [[Corazzieri]]. |
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If the departed held a public office, the body can [[Lying in state|lie in state]] in the building of the office's institution. In other cases it is followed the will of the family, the traditions of the office or the local customs.<ref name="ItaSF" /> |
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Public mourning, either [[National day of mourning|national]] or [[Mourning|local]], is declared following the dispositions of the [[Prime Minister of Italy|Prime Minister]]'s decrees. The [[Flag of Italy|flags]] are flown at [[half-mast]] outside of public buildings, while inside they display two [[Black ribbon#Sign of mourning|black ribbons]], with the exceptions provided for military flags, when required by [[military protocol]].<ref name="ItaSF"/> The [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Italy)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] gives instructions to the [[List of diplomatic missions of Italy|Italian embassies and consulates around the world]], and can ask the [[Foreign relations of Italy|foreign embassies and consulates]] in [[Italy]] to fly their [[List of flags|flags]] at [[half-mast]]. |
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Outside of the cases provided for by the protocol, for example during [[Natural disaster|natural events]] that deeply impact the community, solemn funerals can be arranged and the six people who carry the coffins are members of the [[Protezione Civile|Civil Protection]].<ref name="ItaSF" /> |
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If the departed held a public office, the body can [[Lying in state|lie in state]] in the building of the office's institution. In other cases it is followed the will of the family, the traditions of the office or the local customs.<ref name="ItaSF"/> The family of the departed chooses the place in which the funeral will take place, in consultations with the [[Cabinet of Italy|Government]]'s Department of State Ceremonies. |
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=== Thailand === |
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Outside of the cases provided for by the protocol, for example during [[Natural disaster|natural events]] that deeply impact the community, solemn funerals can be arranged<ref name="ItaSF"/> and the six people who carry the coffins are members of the [[Protezione Civile|Civil Protection]]. |
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{{hatnote|These paragraphs are an excerpt from [[Thai royal funeral]]. See also: [[Thai funeral#Government officials{{!}}Thai funeral § Government officials.]]}} |
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{{excerpt|Thai royal funeral|only=paragraphs|hat=no}} |
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===Lithuania=== |
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6th Oct, 2018 - [[Adolfas Ramanauskas|Adolfas Ramanauskas-Vanagas]] - leader of [[Resistance in Lithuania during World War II|Lithuanian resistance]]. |
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22nd Nov, 2019 - [[Zygmunt Sierakowski]], [[Konstanty Kalinowski]] - leaders of the Polish, Lithuanian and Belarusian national revival and the leader of the January Uprising in lands of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and other 18 partipaciants of revival. |
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===Malta=== |
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State Funerals have been held for presidents, prime ministers and archbishops. |
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The last state funeral held for the [[President of Malta]] was that of [[Censu Tabone]] in March 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.maltastar.com/dart/20120315-the-state-funeral-of-president-censu-tabone|title=Updated: The state funeral of President Censu Tabone|date=16 March 2012|work=[[Maltastar]]|access-date=16 March 2012}}</ref> |
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The last state funeral held for the [[Prime Minister of Malta]] was that of [[Dom Mintoff]] in August 2012.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20120825/local/a-funeral-route-marked-by-important-symbols.434215|title=Updated: Mintoff state funeral, emotions as coffin is carried into St John's|date=25 August 2012|work=[[Times of Malta]]|access-date=25 August 2012}}</ref> |
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===Netherlands=== |
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The royal funerals of [[Prince Claus]], [[Queen Juliana]] and [[Prince Bernhard]] are the only royal funerals that were denoted state funerals; previous royal funerals were considered private affairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.koninklijkhuis.nl/onderwerpen/overlijden|title=Overlijden|first=Ministerie van Algemene|last=Zaken|website=www.koninklijkhuis.nl|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npogeschiedenis.nl/nieuws/2013/augustus/Prins-Johan-Friso.html|title=Home - Andere Tijden|last=NTR|website=Andere Tijden|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> The only non-royal Dutchman who is considered to have received a state funeral was [[J. B. van Heutsz|Joannes van Heutsz]] in 1927.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parlementairdocumentatiecentrum.nl/id/vg09llzb6jzy|title=Parlementair Documentatie Centrum Universiteit Leiden - J.B. van Heutsz|website=www.parlementairdocumentatiecentrum.nl|access-date=11 August 2017}}</ref> |
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===North Macedonia=== |
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Since proclaiming independence in 1991, by law the presidents and prime ministers are entitled to a funeral with state honors, but by a decision of government its possible for other senior officials and distinguished persons with great merit for the state to be buried with state honors. |
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The largest state funeral was held in 2004 for President [[Boris Trajkovski]] and the funeral was attended by 47 foreign delegations. Among others that are buried with state honors, are the first prime minister of independent Macedonia [[Nikola Kljusev]] and the famous singer [[Toše Proeski]]. |
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===Poland=== |
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{{main|Death and state funeral of Lech Kaczyński and Maria Kaczyńska}} |
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Poland held a state funeral for [[President of Poland]] [[Lech Kaczyński]] and his wife, [[Maria Kaczyńska]], on April 18, 2010, after he and 95 others perished in a [[2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash|plane crash]]. |
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===Russia=== |
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{{main|Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin|Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev|Death and state funeral of Boris Yeltsin}} |
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In [[Russia]], during the time of the [[Soviet Union]] (1917-1991), the state funerals of the most senior political and military leaders were staged as massive events with millions of mourners all over the [[USSR]]. The ceremonies held after the deaths as [[Vladimir Lenin]], [[Joseph Stalin]], [[Leonid Brezhnev]], [[Yuri Andropov]] and [[Konstantin Chernenko]] all followed the same basic outline. They took place in Moscow, began with a public [[lying in state]] of the deceased in the [[House of the Unions]] and ended with an interment at the [[Red Square]]. The most notable examples of such state funerals during the Soviet period of [[Russian history]] are the ceremonies that were held for Lenin and Stalin, and for the [[death and funeral of Leonid Brezhnev]]. |
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[[File:Dom Soyuzov B-Dmitrovka Moscow.jpg|thumb|The [[House of the Unions]] in Moscow]] |
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In the second half of the 20th century, whenever a [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]] died, the event would first be officially acknowledged by Soviet radio and television. After several days of [[national mourning]], the deceased would be given a state funeral and then buried. Soviet state funerals were often attended by foreign heads of state, heads of government, foreign ministers and other dignitaries from abroad. Following the death of General Secretary [[Leonid Brezhnev]] in 1982, there were five days of national mourning. Following the death of General Secretary [[Yuri Andropov]] in 1984, a four-day period of nationwide mourning was announced. |
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The state funeral for a deceased General Secretary would be arranged, managed and prepared by a special committee of the Communist Party that would be formed for the occasion. As the funeral committee would normally be chaired by the deceased's successor, the preparations for Soviet state funerals were usually followed with great interest by foreign [[political scientist]]s trying to gauge power shuffles within the Communist Party. The allocation of responsibilities during the funeral, appointment of [[pallbearers]] and positions within the [[order of precedence]] observed during the televised funeral ceremonies in Moscow could often be interpreted as a clue for the future position of [[Politburo]] members within the Party. When, after Brezhnev's death in 1982, Yuri Andropov was elected chairman of the committee in charge of Brezhnev's funeral, this was seen as a first sign by [[First World]] commentators that Andropov might be the most likely candidate for the position of General Secretary.<ref>{{Cite book | author = White, Stephen | title = Russia's new politics: the management of a postcommunist society | publisher = Cambridge University Press | year = 2000 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=sacq-LFeS9YC | isbn = 978-0-521-58737-2 | page = 211 | author-link = Stephen K. White }}</ref> |
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<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:A dead Brezhnev.jpg|thumb|[[Leonid Brezhnev]] [[lying in state]] at the [[House of the Unions]], November 1982]] --> |
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Prior to interment, the body of the deceased General Secretary would lie in state in the Pillar Hall of the [[House of the Unions]] which was decorated by numerous [[red flag (politics)|red flags]] and other [[communist symbolism|communist symbols]]. The mourners, which usually would be brought in by the thousands, shuffled up a marble staircase beneath chandeliers draped in black gauze. On the stage at the left side of the Pillar Hall, amid a veritable garden of flowers, a full orchestra in black tailcoats would play classical music. The deceased's [[embalmed]] body, dressed in a black suit, white shirt and a tie, would be displayed in an open coffin on a [[catafalque]] banked with carnations, red roses and tulips, facing the long queue of mourners. A small [[guard of honour]] would be in attendance in the background. At the right side of the hall there would be placed seats for guests of honour, with the front row reserved for the dead leader's family. |
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On the day of the funeral, final ceremonies would be held at the Pillar Hall during which the lid of the coffin would be temporarily closed. The coffin would then be carried out of the House of the Unions and placed on a [[gun carriage]] drawn by a military vehicle. A funeral parade would then convey the coffin from the House of the Unions to the Red Square. Two officers led the funeral parade, carrying a large portrait of the deceased, followed by a group of numerous soldiers carrying red floral wreaths. A group of general officers would come next, carrying the late leader's decorations and medals on small red cushions. Behind them, the coffin rested atop a gun carriage. Walking immediately behind were the members of the deceased's family. The Politburo leaders, wearing red armbands, came next and led the last group of official mourners. At Brezhnev's funeral, the escort of official mourners included forty-four persons. |
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As the coffin reached the middle of the Red Square, it would be removed from the carriage and placed on a red-draped [[bier]] facing the [[Lenin Mausoleum]], with its lid removed. After a series of funeral speeches, which were delivered by military and political leaders (typically including the deceased's successor as General Secretary, as well as 'ordinary' workers) from the balcony of the Lenin Mausoleum, the coffin would be carried in a procession around the mausoleum to the [[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]] just behind it. There, with the most senior mourners looking on, the coffin would be placed on a red-draped bier and the mourners would pay last respects. The coffin's lid would then be closed for the final time and the body lowered into the ground by two men, with handfuls of earth thrown onto the coffin by the senior mourners. The grave would be filled in immediately afterward, while the mourners were still present to watch. [[Gun salute]]s would be fired, [[Siren (noisemaker)|sirens]] sounded around the [[Kremlin]] and the [[National Anthem of the Soviet Union|Soviet national anthem]] be played. This marked the end of the interment. The senior mourners would then return to the balcony of the Lenin Mausoleum to review a parade on Red Square while the [[military band]] would play [[March (music)|quick march]]es. This concluded the state funeral. |
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With small deviations, the described protocol was roughly the same for the state funerals of Lenin, Stalin, Brezhnev, [[Yuri Andropov]] and [[Konstantin Chernenko]]. Lenin and Stalin were placed inside the [[Lenin Mausoleum]] while the others were interred in individual graves in the [[Kremlin Wall Necropolis]] located behind the mausoleum along the actual [[Moscow Kremlin Wall|Kremlin wall]]. Stalin's body would lie beside Lenin's in the mausoleum until being moved to the Kremlin Wall Necropolis several years after his death. |
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In April 2007, Russian Federation's first President [[Boris Yeltsin]] was buried in state funeral after church ceremony at [[Novodevichy Cemetery]]. He was the first Russian leader and head of state in 113 years to be buried in a church ceremony, after [[Czar|Emperor]] [[Alexander III of Russia]]. His funeral is the template for all state funerals held in Russia today, but with the addition of prayers at the moment of burial by representatives of the Orthodox Church. In November 2010, Russian Federation's Third Prime Minister [[Viktor Chernomyrdin]] Was Buried In A State Funeral In A Church Ceremony [[Novodevichy Cemetery]]. He Was The Third Prime Minister Of The Russian Federation And Was Considered The Second Longest Prime Minister In The Russian Federation For 6 Years. In June 2015, Russian Federation's Fourth Prime Minister [[Yevgeny Primakov]] Was Buried In A State Funeral In A Church Ceremony [[Novodevichy Cemetery]]. In April 2022, The Founder Of The Liberal Democratic Party of Russia [[Vladimir Zhirinovsky]] Was Buried In A State Funeral In A Church Ceremony [[Novodevichy Cemetery]], He Was The Founder And The Longest Serving Leader of the Liberal Democratic Party of Russia For 29 Years During The Time. |
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===Slovakia=== |
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A state funeral was held for the former President [[Michal Kováč]] in 2016. |
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===Switzerland=== |
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[[File:Zentralbibliothek Solothurn Ernst Klöti 2314.JPG|thumb|The [[funeral procession]] of [[Henri Guisan]] in [[Lausanne]] (1960)]] |
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In 1960, the [[funeral procession]] of [[Henri Guisan]] gathered more than 120,000 people in [[Lausanne]].<ref>{{in lang|fr}} Gilles Simond, [https://www.24heures.ch/vivre/histoire/Le-13-avril-1960-le-peuple-suisse-emu-a-dit-adieu-a-son-general/story/31045085 "Le 13 avril 1960, le peuple suisse, ému, a dit adieu à son général"], ''[[24 heures (Switzerland)|24 heures]]'', 13 April 2016 (page visited on 17 May 2018)</ref> |
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===United Kingdom=== |
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{{Main|State funerals in the United Kingdom}} |
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{{see also|Vigil of the Princes|Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II}} |
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A state or ceremonial funeral consists of a military procession where the coffin is borne on a gun carriage from the private resting chapel to [[Westminster Hall]]. In a state funeral the [[Royal Navy State Funeral Gun Carriage|gun carriage]] is pulled by members of the [[Royal Navy]]. In a royal ceremonial funeral, the gun carriage is pulled by horses, as opposed to servicemen. The body usually lies in state in Westminster Hall for three days. This is then followed by a funeral service at [[Westminster Abbey]] or [[St. Paul's Cathedral]]. Many of the features of a state funeral are shared by other types of funerals—a royal ceremonial funeral (for example, those of [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] and [[Diana, Princess of Wales]]) often has a [[lying in state]] and Westminster Abbey service. The real distinction between a state funeral and a royal ceremonial funeral is that a state funeral requires a motion or vote in Parliament. State funerals are usually reserved for sovereigns, though on rare occasions, they may be granted to distinguished citizens with exceptional contributions to the country. Other members of the royal family, or occasionally politicians, typically receive ceremonial funerals instead. |
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The most recent state funeral was that of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] in 2022. Prior to this, the most recent was the state funeral of [[Winston Churchill]] in 1965. [[Diana, Princess of Wales]] the mother of [[Prince William, Duke of Cambridge|William]] and [[Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex|Harry]] received a ceremonial funeral in 1997. [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]], [[Margaret Thatcher|Margaret, Baroness Thatcher]] and [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]] also received ceremonial funerals. |
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=== Former Yugoslavia === |
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{{main|Death and funeral of Josip Broz Tito}} |
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A massive state funeral was held for the late President [[Josip Broz Tito]] on 8 May 1980 in [[Belgrade]], the capital city of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFR Yugoslavia]]. It was the largest funeral of a statesman in the 20th century, with 129 delegations from all around the world. Tito's funeral drew many statesmen to [[Belgrade]]. Notably absent statesmen from funeral were [[Jimmy Carter]] and [[Fidel Castro]]. His death came in the moment when [[Soviet–Afghan War|Soviet invasion of Afghanistan]] ended American-Soviet détente. Yugoslavia, although a communist state, was non-aligned during the Cold War and fearful that the nation might be invaded like [[Czechoslovakia]] and [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]]. After learning that Chinese Premier [[Hua Guofeng]] would lead the delegation of China, ailing [[Leonid Brezhnev]] decided to lead the Soviet delegation. In order to avoid meeting with Leonid Brezhnev and the middle of electoral campaign for the 1980 United States Presidential election, Carter opted to send his mother [[Lillian Gordy Carter|Lilian Carter]] and Vice President [[Walter Mondale]] as heads of the US delegation. After realizing that leaders of all [[Warsaw Pact]] nations would attend the funeral, Carter's decision was criticized by Presidential candidate [[George H. W. Bush]] as sign that the United States "inferentially slams Yugoslavs at time that country has pulled away from [[Soviet Union]]".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1346&dat=19800509&id=edEvAAAAIBAJ&pg=4437,3526115|title=Bush Blasts Carter For Not Attending Tito Funeral|date=May 9, 1980|publisher=Lakeland Ledger}}</ref> Carter visited Yugoslavia later in June 1980 and made a visit to Tito's grave.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://yugoslavian.blogspot.com/2010/11/jimmy-carter-visit-president-titos.html | title=Jimmy Carter Visits President Tito's Grave, 1980 | publisher=Yugoslavia – Virtual Museum | date=12 November 2010 | access-date=12 January 2015}}</ref><ref>Jimmy Carter: "Yugoslavia: Conclusion of State Visit Joint Statement. ", June 29, 1980. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=44655.</ref> |
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[[Helmut Schmidt]], Chancellor of West Germany was the most active statesman, meeting with Brezhnev, [[Erich Honecker]] and [[Edward Gierek]]. British Prime Minister [[Margaret Thatcher]] sought to rally world leaders in order to harshly condemn the Soviet invasion.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} While she was in Belgrade, she held talks with [[Kenneth Kaunda]], Schmidt, [[Francesco Cossiga]] and [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]]. Brezhnev met with [[Kim Il-sung]] and Honecker. [[James Callaghan]], President of the British Labour Party explained his presence in Belgrade as an attempt to warm relations between his party and Yugoslav communists, severed more than a decade ago after dissident [[Milovan Djilas|Milovan Đilas]] was welcomed by [[Jennie Lee, Baroness Lee of Asheridge|Jennie Lee]], Minister for the Arts under [[Harold Wilson]]. Mondale avoided Soviets, ignoring Brezhnev while passing close to him. Soviet and Chinese delegations also avoided each other.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} |
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=== United Kingdom === |
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Tito was interred on May 8 twice. The first interment was for cameras and dignitaries. The grave was shallow with only a 200 kg replica of the sarcophagus. The second interment was held privately during the night.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} His coffin was removed and shallow grave was deepened. The coffin was enclosed with a copper mask and interred again into a much deeper grave which was sealed with cement and topped with a 9-ton sarcophagus.{{citation needed|date=March 2020}} Communist officials were afraid that someone might steal the corpse, similarly to what happened to Charlie Chaplin. However, the 9 ton sarcophagus had to be put in place with a crane, which would make funeral unattractive. |
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{{excerpt|State funerals in the United Kingdom|only=paragraphs}} |
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=== United States === |
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==Gallery== |
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{{excerpt|State funerals in the United States|only=paragraphs}} |
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<gallery> |
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File:Funeral Cortege of Richard II.jpg|A drawing depicting the funeral cortege of [[Richard II of England]] leaving [[Pontefract Castle]], 1468. |
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File:Funeral Elisabeth.jpg|A drawing by [[William Camden]] depicting the funeral cortège of [[Queen Elizabeth I of England]], 1603. |
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File:Marie Louise of Orléans, Queen of Spain, lying in state (1689), by Sebastián Muñoz.JPG|A drawing by Sebastián Muñoz depicting the lying in state of [[Princess Marie Louise of Orléans (1662–1689)|Queen Maria Luisa of Spain]], 1689. |
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File:Nelson State Funeral.jpg|The coffin of [[Horatio Nelson]] in the crossing of Saint Paul's Cathedral during his state funeral, with the dome hung with captured French and Spanish flags, 1806. |
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File:LincolnTrain.jpeg|The funeral train of [[Abraham Lincoln]] departing Washington, D.C., en route to Springfield, Illinois, for interment, 1865. |
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File:Lincoln funeral in New York City.jpg|A drawing depicting [[Abraham Lincoln|Abraham Lincoln's]] funeral procession in New York City en route from Washington D.C. to Springfield, Illinois, 1865. |
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File:McGee Funeral.jpg|The funeral procession of [[Thomas D'Arcy McGee]] during his state funeral in Ottawa, Canada, 1868. |
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File:Garfield-casket.jpg|[[James A. Garfield|James A. Garfield's]] coffin lying in state on the Lincoln Catafalque in the United States Capitol Rotunda, 1881. |
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File:McKinley Capitol casket.jpg|An honor guard carrying the coffin of [[William McKinley]] up the east steps of the United States Capitol, 1901. |
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File:Funeral of Edward VII -1910 -cropped.JPG|The funeral procession of [[Edward VII of the United Kingdom]] in London, 1910. |
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File:General Funston's Death.png|The coffin of General [[Frederick Funston]] lying in state inside San Francisco City Hall in San Francisco, 1917. |
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File:Funeral Procession of Liliuokalani - Final Journey.jpg|The funeral procession of [[Liliuokalani]] in Honolulu, Hawaii, 1917. |
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File:Coffin of the Unknown Soldier being brought down steps.jpg|A departure ceremony held on the center steps at the United States Capitol Building as honor guards carry the coffin of the [[Tomb of the Unknowns#The Unknown of World War I|Unknown Soldier]] of [[World War I]] to limbers and caissons, 1921. |
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File:Enrico Caruso, 1873-1921, funeral at Church San Francisco de Paulo in Naples 3.png|The lying in state of Italian tenor [[Enrico Caruso]] at the Church San Francisco de Paulo in Naples, 1921. |
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File:HardingFuneral.jpg|A limbers and caissons carrying the remains of [[Warren G. Harding]] at the North Portico entrance of the White House before its procession down Pennsylvania Avenue en route to the United States Capitol Building, 1923. |
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File:Japan-State-Funeral-for-Marshal-Admiral-Isoroku-Yamamoto.png|The funeral procession for Japanese Admiral [[Isoroku Yamamoto]] in Tokyo, 1943. |
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File:Franklin Roosevelt funeral procession 1945.jpg|A caisson carrying the remains of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] proceeds down Pennsylvania Avenue towards the United States Capitol, 1945. |
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File:BenChifely lyinginstate 1951.jpg|The coffin of [[Ben Chifley]], the 16th Prime Minister of Australia, lying in state inside King's Hall, Old Parliament House, Canberra, 1951. |
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File:Mannerheims funeral parade Helsinki.png|A funeral parade of [[Marshal Mannerheim]] in [[Helsinki]], Finland, on February 4, 1951. [[Helsinki Lutheran Cathedral]] on the background. |
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File:Evita008-funeral.jpg|The funeral procession of former Argentinian First Lady [[Eva Peron]], 1952. |
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File:JFKeastRoomnov23'63.jpg|The remains of [[John F. Kennedy]] lying in repose in the East Room of the White House, 1963. |
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File:JFKcapitolNov25'63.jpg|The caparisoned, riderless horse named [[Black Jack (horse)|"Black Jack"]] during a departure ceremony held at the United States Capitol Building in conjunction with the state funeral of [[John F. Kennedy]], 1963. |
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File:JFK's family leaves Capitol after his funeral, 1963.jpg|[[Robert F. Kennedy]] and [[Ethel Kennedy]] seen following [[Jacqueline Kennedy]] as she leaves the United States Capitol with [[John F. Kennedy, Jr.]] and [[Caroline Kennedy]], after viewing the lying in state of [[John F. Kennedy]], 1963. |
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File:Funeral services for Dwight D. Eisenhower, March 1969.jpg|The remains of [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] being carried down the center steps of the east front of the United States Capitol Building by honor guards, 1969. |
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File:Queen Mother Carriage.jpg|The funeral cortège of [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother]] proceeds from the Palace of Westminster to Westminster Abbey, 2002. |
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File:Ronald Reagan casket on caisson during funeral procession.jpg|A caisson carrying the remains of [[Ronald Reagan]] down Constitution Avenue en route to the United States Capitol, 2004. |
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File:US Navy 040609-N-5471P-013 Symbolic of a fallen leader who will never ride again, the Caparisoned horse is led down Constitution Ave., following the Caisson carrying the body of former U.S. President Ronald Reagan.jpg|The caparisoned, riderless horse named Sergeant York during the ceremonial funeral procession of [[Ronald Reagan]], with a ceremonial sword attached to the saddle and a pair of the president's boots reversed in the stirrups, 2004. |
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File:Giovanni Paolo II 0013.JPG|The body of [[Pope John Paul II]] lying in state at Saint Peter's Basilica, 2005. |
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File:Ford-capitol-rotunda.JPEG|The coffin of [[Gerald Ford]] lying in state in the rotunda of the United States Capitol during his state funeral, 2006. |
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File:Lech Kaczyński funeral.jpg|The coffin of [[President of Poland]] [[Lech Kaczyński]] is carried, 2010. |
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File:Exequias de Néstor Kirchner en Casa Rosada 2.jpg|Argentine President Cristina Fernández passing by the coffin of her husband [[Nestor Kirchner]]. |
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File:Margaret Thatcher coffin at St. Pauls X8A2604.jpg|Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Lady Margaret Thatcher's coffin being carried up the steps of St. Pauls Cathedral in the ceremonial funeral. |
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File:Thatchers funeral 5D3 0188.jpg|Margaret Thatcher's coffin being carried on a gun carriage, and escorted by her pallbearers. |
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File:State Funeral for 41st President George H. W. Bush Train Departure Ceremony 181206-A-EV635-500.jpg|A locomotive carrying the remains of [[George H. W. Bush]] en route to the College Station, 2018. |
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</gallery> |
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==See also== |
== See also == |
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* [[List of people who have received a state funeral]] |
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* [[Abraham Lincoln's burial and exhumation]] |
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* [[Black Jack (horse)|"Black Jack"]] |
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* [[Burial at Sea]] |
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* [[Catafalque]] |
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* [[Death and funeral of Corazon Aquino]] |
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* [[Death and funeral of Bhumibol Adulyadej]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Leonid Brezhnev]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Josip Broz Tito]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Gerald Ford]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of King Hussein]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Lech Kaczyński and Maria Kaczyńska]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Néstor Kirchner]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Omar Bongo]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Richard Nixon]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Ronald Reagan]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Nelson Mandela]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Fidel Castro]] |
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* [[Death and state funeral of Elizabeth II]] |
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* [[Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales]] |
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* [[Funeral of Pope John Paul II]] |
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* [[Funeral train]] |
* [[Funeral train]] |
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* [[Limbers and caissons (military)|Limbers and caissons]] |
* [[Limbers and caissons (military)|Limbers and caissons]] |
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* [[Missing man formation]] |
* [[Missing man formation]] |
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* [[Riderless horse]] |
* [[Riderless horse]] |
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* [[State funeral of Edward VII]] |
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* [[State funeral of John F. Kennedy]] |
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* [[State funerals in Canada]] |
* [[State funerals in Canada]] |
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* [[State funerals in the United States]] |
* [[State funerals in the United States]] |
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* [[Vigil of the Princes]] |
* [[Vigil of the Princes]] |
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* [[State Funeral (2019 film)]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{reflist |
{{reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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* {{cite book|last=Swanson|first=James|title=Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer|publisher=Harper Collins|year=2006|isbn=978-0-06-051849-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/manhunttwelveday00swan}} |
* {{cite book|last=Swanson|first=James|title=Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer|publisher=Harper Collins|year=2006|isbn=978-0-06-051849-3|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/manhunttwelveday00swan}} |
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==External links== |
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* [http://www.thamesweb.co.uk/windsor/windsorhistory/royalfunerals/qvicfuneral01.html Royal Windsor Website account, including truth about The Gun Carriage, the horses and the sailors.] |
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* [http://www.trooping-the-colour.co.uk/funeral The traditions of a British state funeral] |
* [http://www.trooping-the-colour.co.uk/funeral The traditions of a British state funeral] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040909211956/http://usinfo.state.gov/is/Archive/2004/Jun/09-178215.html Memorializing U.S. Presidents] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20040909211956/http://usinfo.state.gov/is/Archive/2004/Jun/09-178215.html Memorializing U.S. Presidents] |
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* [http://www.smh.com.au/news/opinion/why-the-money-was-on-the-obscene/2006/02/17/1140151809831.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2 Commentary on state funeral offer for Australian Kerry Packer] |
* [http://www.smh.com.au/news/opinion/why-the-money-was-on-the-obscene/2006/02/17/1140151809831.html?page=fullpage#contentSwap2 Commentary on state funeral offer for Australian Kerry Packer] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071210221042/http://palaceoffice.gov.to/content/view/137/92/ Royal Funeral of King Tafa'ahau Tupou IV - Royal Palace Office] |
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071210221042/http://palaceoffice.gov.to/content/view/137/92/ Royal Funeral of King Tafa'ahau Tupou IV - Royal Palace Office] |
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* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071126092437/http://palaceoffice.gov.to/ Royal Palace Office - Tonga] |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
Revision as of 17:45, 31 May 2024
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/JCurtin_lay_in_state.jpg/220px-JCurtin_lay_in_state.jpg)
A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of protocol, held to honour people of national significance. State funerals usually include much pomp and ceremony as well as religious overtones and distinctive elements of military tradition. Generally, state funerals are held in order to involve the general public in a national day of mourning after the family of the deceased gives consent. A state funeral will often generate mass publicity from both national and global media outlets.
By country
Czech Republic
Canada
State funerals in Canada are public events held to commemorate former governors general, prime ministers, other members of the cabinet who died in office, and, at the cabinet's discretion, other eminent Canadians. With ceremonial, military, and religious elements incorporated, state funerals are offered and executed by the governor general-in-council, who provides a dignified manner for the Canadian people to mourn a national public figure. Provincial and territorial governments may also perform state funerals for citizens in their particular jurisdictions. However, most state funerals are federal affairs.
As Canada shares the person of its monarch with the other Commonwealth realms, funerals for Canada's sovereigns, as well as for their consorts, typically take place in the monarch's oldest and most populous realm, the United Kingdom. In Canada, a commemoration service is conducted by the federal crown-in-council and sometimes by provincial crowns, as well.Italy
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In Italy state funerals are granted[1] by law to the Presidents of the constitutional entities, such as the Presidency, the Parliament, the Government and the Constitutional Court, even after their terms have expired, and to Ministers who died during their term in office. State Funerals can also be granted, by decree of the Council of Ministers, to people who gave particular services to the country; to citizens that brought honor to the nation; or to citizens who died in the line of duty, or were victims of either terrorism, or organized crime.
The official protocol provides for[1]
- the coffin surrounded by six members in high uniform of either the Carabinieri or the same Armed Forces the departed belonged to;
- an honor guard to the coffin at the entrance and the exit of the place in which the ceremony is held;
- the presence of one representative of the Government;
- an official commemorative oration;
- other honors that can be arranged by the Prime Minister.
Public mourning, either national or local, is declared following the dispositions of the Prime Minister's decrees. The flags are flown at half-mast outside of public buildings, while inside they display two black ribbons, with the exceptions provided for military flags, when required by military protocol.[1]
If the departed held a public office, the body can lie in state in the building of the office's institution. In other cases it is followed the will of the family, the traditions of the office or the local customs.[1]
Outside of the cases provided for by the protocol, for example during natural events that deeply impact the community, solemn funerals can be arranged and the six people who carry the coffins are members of the Civil Protection.[1]
Thailand
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, state funerals are usually reserved for monarchs. The most recent was the state funeral of Queen Elizabeth II on 19 September 2022.[2]
A state funeral may also be held to honour a highly distinguished figure following the approval of the monarch and Parliament (of the expenditure of public funds).[3] The last non-royal state funeral in the United Kingdom was that of Sir Winston Churchill on 30 January 1965.[4]
Other funerals, including those of senior members of the British royal family and high-ranking public figures, may share many of the characteristics of a state funeral without being categorised as such; for these, the term 'ceremonial funeral' is used. In the past fifty years, ceremonial funerals have been held for Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1979); Diana, Princess of Wales (1997); Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (2002); Margaret Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher (2013);[3] and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (2021). Ceremonial funerals have tended in general to follow the ritual patterns of a state funeral (if on a somewhat smaller scale).
A gun carriage is used to transport the coffin between locations since Queen Victoria's funeral (1901), it is also accompanied by a procession of military bands and detachments along with mourners and other officials. There may also be a lying in state and other associated ceremonies.[5]United States
See also
- List of people who have received a state funeral
- Funeral train
- Limbers and caissons
- Lincoln Catafalque
- Lying in repose
- Lying in state
- Military funeral
- Missing man formation
- Riderless horse
- State funerals in Canada
- State funerals in the United States
- Vigil of the Princes
- State Funeral (2019 film)
References
- ^ a b c d e "Protocol for State Funerals and National Mourning". Official website of the Italian Government - Department of State Ceremonies.
- ^ Kirsty.Oram (2022-09-17). "The Funeral of Queen Elizabeth II". The Royal Family. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
- ^ a b "House of Commons briefing paper, 2013" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-06-09.
- ^ Croft, Rodney J. (2014). Churchill's Final Farewell: The State and Private Funeral of Sir Winston Churchill. Croft Publishing.[page needed]
- ^ Bland, Olivia (1986). The Royal Way of Death. London: Constable.
- ^ APPENDIX A-3-TABLE OF ENTITLEMENT, 1965. United States Army.
- ^ "State Funeral Traditions". United States Army. Archived from the original on 2011-09-06.
- ^ "Arlington's Ceremonial Horses and Funerals at the White House" (PDF). White House Historical Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-26.
Further reading
- Sandburg, Carl (1936). Abraham Lincoln: The War Years IV. Harcourt, Brace & World.
- Swanson, James (2006). Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln's Killer. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-06-051849-3.
- The traditions of a British state funeral
- Memorializing U.S. Presidents
- Funeral Section of the RCMP Ceremonial and Protocol Guide Archived 2005-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
- "STATE, OFFICIAL, AND SPECIAL MILITARY FUNERALS" by the U.S. Army
- The Last Salute Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine (CMH Pub 90–1) published by the United States Army Center of Military History
- NSW Policy on State Funerals Archived 2018-12-15 at the Wayback Machine
- Commentary on state funeral offer for Australian Kerry Packer
- Royal Funeral of King Tafa'ahau Tupou IV - Royal Palace Office