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{{Short description|Indian psychiatrist (1930–2018)}}
{{Short description|Indian psychiatrist (1930–2018)}}
{{Inuse|date= February 2024}}
{{Infobox academic
{{Infobox academic
| honorific_prefix = [[University professor|Prof.]]
| name =
| honorific_suffix =
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| birth_name = Narendra Nath Wig
| birth_name = Narendra Nath Wig
| birth_date = {{birth date|1930|10|01}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1930|10|01}}
| birth_place = [[Gujranwala District]], [[Punjab]]
| birth_place = [[Gujranwala District]], Punjab
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|07|12|1930|10|01}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|07|12|1930|10|01}}
| death_place =
| death_cause = [[Cardiac arrest]]
| nationality = [[Indian]]
| citizenship =
| other_names =
| occupation = Academic, reaercher
| occupation = Academic, reaercher
| period =
| known_for = ''[[Dhat syndrome]]'' (1960)
| awards = [[Rockefeller Foundation|Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship]]<ref name=":02" />
| known_for = [[Dhat syndrome]]
| title =
| alma_mater = * [[King George's Medical University]]
* [[University of Lucknow]]
| boards = <!--board or similar positions extraneous to main occupation-->
| spouse =
| discipline = Psychiatrist, sociologist
| partner =
| children =
| parents =
| relatives =
| awards = <!--notable national-level awards only-->
| website =
| education =
| alma_mater = <!--will often consist of the linked name of the last-attended higher education institution-->
| thesis_title =
| thesis_url =
| thesis_year =
| school_tradition =
| doctoral_advisor =
| academic_advisors =
| influences = <!--must be referenced from a third-party source-->
| era =
| discipline = Psychiatrist, Sociologist
| sub_discipline = 20th-century psychiatrist, psychiatry research, Indian specialist
| sub_discipline = 20th-century psychiatrist, psychiatry research, Indian specialist
| workplaces = <!--full-time positions only, not student positions-->
| workplaces = [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]]
| doctoral_students = <!--only those with WP articles-->
| doctoral_students = * [[Salman Akhtar]]
| notable_students =
| main_interests =
| notable_works =
| notable_ideas =
| influenced = <!--must be referenced from a third-party source-->
| signature =
| signature_alt =
| signature_size =
| footnotes =
}}
}}


'''N. N. Wig''' (1 October, 1930-12 July, 2018) also known as '''Narendra Nath Wig''' was an Indian [[psychiatrist]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-17 |title=Prof NN Wig Oration 2021: 'About 50 per cent of all mental disorders start before the age of 14' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/50-of-all-mental-disorders-start-before-the-age-of-14-7515283/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He founded [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research|PGIMER]] psychiatry department in 1963, and known for his contributions to the field of [[psychiatry]] in India and internationally.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-13 |title=Father of psychiatry Dr NN Wig passes away |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/father-of-psychiatry-dr-nn-wig-is-no-more/story-AkI6I3kKEXYddzKMBDdwDJ.html |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> In 1960, He coined the term [[Dhat syndrome]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rao |first=T. S. Sathyanarayana |date=2021 |title=History and mystery of Dhat syndrome: A critical look at the current understanding and future directions |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34456344 |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=317–325 |doi=10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_791_20 |issn=0019-5545 |pmc=8363894 |pmid=34456344}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-02 |title=Why India has a bad case of Dhat syndrome |url=https://www.firstpost.com/health/why-india-has-a-bad-case-of-dhat-syndrome-7255831.html |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref>
'''N. N. Wig''' (born '''Narendra Nath Wig'''; 1 October 1930-12 July 2018) was an Indian scholar known for his contribution to [[modern psychiatry]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-17 |title=Prof NN Wig Oration 2021: 'About 50 per cent of all mental disorders start before the age of 14' |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/chandigarh/50-of-all-mental-disorders-start-before-the-age-of-14-7515283/ |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> He founded the psychiatry department of the [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]] in 1963,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2018-07-13 |title=Father of psychiatry Dr NN Wig passes away |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/father-of-psychiatry-dr-nn-wig-is-no-more/story-AkI6I3kKEXYddzKMBDdwDJ.html |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> and was the originator of the [[Dhat syndrome]] which was coined in 1960.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-09-02 |title=Why India has a bad case of Dhat syndrome |url=https://www.firstpost.com/health/why-india-has-a-bad-case-of-dhat-syndrome-7255831.html |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Firstpost |language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rao |first=T. S. Sathyanarayana |date=2021 |title=History and mystery of Dhat syndrome: A critical look at the current understanding and future directions |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=317–325 |doi=10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_791_20 |issn=0019-5545 |pmc=8363894 |pmid=34456344 |doi-access=free}}</ref>


== Early life and education ==
== Biography ==
He was born in 1930, in the district of [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Punjab]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Scroll |date=2018-07-13 |title=Professor NN Wig, doyen of Indian psychiatry, dies at 88 |url=https://scroll.in/latest/886448/professor-nn-wig-doyen-of-indian-psychiatry-dies-at-88 |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> He completed his MBBS from [[King George's Medical University|King George's Medical College]], [[Lucknow]] in 1953. He then went to [[University of Lucknow|Lucknow University]] for his MD in Medicine in 1957.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Gaind |first=Raghunandan |date=2019-01-01 |title=Professor Narendra Nath Wig MD FRCPsych DPM.(Lond) 1930-2018 |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94227439 |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=109–109 |pmc=6341919}}</ref> His interest in psychiatry led him to train at the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences|All India Institute of Mental Health]] in [[Bangalore]]. He was Awarded a [[Rockefeller Foundation|Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship]], and went to the UK and US before returning to India in 1962 to establish the Department of Neuropsychiatry at KGMC Lucknow.<ref name=":02" />
He was born in 1930, in the district of [[Gujranwala District|Gujranwala]], [[Punjab]].<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |author=Scroll Staff |date=2018-07-13 |title=Professor NN Wig, doyen of Indian psychiatry, dies at 88 |url=https://scroll.in/latest/886448/professor-nn-wig-doyen-of-indian-psychiatry-dies-at-88 |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1953, he completed his MBBS from [[King George's Medical University|King George's Medical College]], [[Lucknow]]. He then went to [[University of Lucknow|Lucknow University]] for his MD in Medicine in 1957.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal |last=Gaind |first=Raghunandan |date=2019-01-01 |title=Professor Narendra Nath Wig MD FRCPsych DPM.(Lond) 1930-2018 |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94227439 |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=109 |pmc=6341919}}</ref> His interest in psychiatry led him to train at the [[National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences]] in [[Bangalore]]. He was Awarded a [[Rockefeller Foundation|Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship]], and went to the UK and US before returning to India in 1962 to establish the Department of Neuropsychiatry at KGMC Lucknow.<ref name=":02" />


== Career ==
== Career ==
In 1963, Dr. Wig established the Department of Psychiatry at the [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]] (PGIMER) in Chandigarh.<ref>https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/musings/a-shrink-who-expanded-your-world-619958</ref> Under his leadership, the department gained international recognition and became a WHO Collaborating Centre for mental health training and research in 1976.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-07-13 |title=Father of psychiatry Dr NN Wig passes away |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/punjab/father-of-psychiatry-dr-nn-wig-is-no-more/story-AkI6I3kKEXYddzKMBDdwDJ.html |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref>
In 1963, Wig established the Department of [[Psychiatry]] at the [[Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]] in [[Chandigarh]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/musings/a-shrink-who-expanded-your-world-619958|title=A shrink who expanded your world : The Tribune India}}</ref> Under his leadership, the department gained international recognition and became a [[World Health Organization]] collaborating center for mental health training and research in 1976.<ref name=":0"/>


Dr. Wig is known for his pioneering work in Community Mental Health. His studies in the villages of Raipur Rani Block, Haryana have become a model for Primary Mental Health Care in India and other countries.<ref>https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/chandigarh/pgi-s-prof-n-n-wig-dies-619910</ref>
Wig was known for his work in Community Mental Health. His studies in the villages of [[Raipur Rani]], Haryana have reportedly become a model for [[Mental health in India]] and diaspora.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/chandigarh/pgi-s-prof-n-n-wig-dies-619910|title=Prof N N Wig of PGI passes away at 88 : The Tribune India}}</ref>


== Contributions to psychiatry ==
=== Contributions to psychiatry ===
He has authored over 300 scientific papers in journals and books, contributing significantly to psychiatric literature.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2005 |title=Prof. N.N. Wig : A Larger than Life Persona who Makes People Feel Immediately at Ease |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22679351 |journal=Mens Sana Monographs |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=7–10 |issn=0973-1229 |pmc=3369176 |pmid=22679351}}</ref> He has also served on the World Psychiatric Association's Steering Committee, working towards reducing stigma and discrimination due to mental illness.<ref>https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/doyen-of-indian-psychiatry-n-n-wig-dies-at-88-118071300714_1.html</ref>
He has authored over 300 scientific papers in journals and books, contributing significantly to psychiatric literature.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2005 |title=Prof. N.N. Wig : A Larger than Life Persona who Makes People Feel Immediately at Ease |journal=Mens Sana Monographs |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=7–10 |issn=0973-1229 |pmc=3369176 |pmid=22679351}}</ref> He has also served on the World Psychiatric Association's Steering Committee, working to mitigate stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness.<ref>https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/doyen-of-indian-psychiatry-n-n-wig-dies-at-88-118071300714_1.html</ref>

⚫
=== Death ===
Since November 2017, he was unwell, and on July 12, 2018 he suffered a mild [[cardiac arrest]] and died at the age of 88.<ref name="auto"/><ref name=":0" />


== Selected publications ==
== Selected publications ==
Line 77: Line 39:
*NN, Wig (2001-05-01). "Development of national mental health programmes in the countries of the eastern Mediterranean region". ''Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal''. '''7''' (3): 348–352. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;12690752.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=NN |first=Wig |date=2001-05-01 |title=Development of national mental health programmes in the countries of the eastern Mediterranean region |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35105086 |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=English |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=348–352 |doi=10.26719/2001.7.3.348 |pmid=12690752}}</ref>
*NN, Wig (2001-05-01). "Development of national mental health programmes in the countries of the eastern Mediterranean region". ''Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal''. '''7''' (3): 348–352. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;12690752.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=NN |first=Wig |date=2001-05-01 |title=Development of national mental health programmes in the countries of the eastern Mediterranean region |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35105086 |journal=Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal |language=English |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=348–352 |doi=10.26719/2001.7.3.348 |pmid=12690752}}</ref>
*NN, Wig; VK, Varma; SK, Mattoo; PB, Behere; HR, Phookan; AK, Misra; RS, Murthy; BM, Tripathi; DK, Menon; SK, Khandelawal; H, Bedi (1993-01-01). "An incidence study of schizophrenia in India". ''Indian Journal of Psychiatry''. '''35''' (1): 11–17. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;2972559. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;21776160.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=NN |first1=Wig |last2=VK |first2=Varma |last3=SK |first3=Mattoo |last4=PB |first4=Behere |last5=HR |first5=Phookan |last6=AK |first6=Misra |last7=RS |first7=Murthy |last8=BM |first8=Tripathi |last9=DK |first9=Menon |last10=SK |first10=Khandelawal |last11=H |first11=Bedi |date=1993-01-01 |title=An incidence study of schizophrenia in India |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34274956 |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=11–17 |pmc=2972559 |pmid=21776160}}</ref>
*NN, Wig; VK, Varma; SK, Mattoo; PB, Behere; HR, Phookan; AK, Misra; RS, Murthy; BM, Tripathi; DK, Menon; SK, Khandelawal; H, Bedi (1993-01-01). "An incidence study of schizophrenia in India". ''Indian Journal of Psychiatry''. '''35''' (1): 11–17. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;2972559. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;21776160.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=NN |first1=Wig |last2=VK |first2=Varma |last3=SK |first3=Mattoo |last4=PB |first4=Behere |last5=HR |first5=Phookan |last6=AK |first6=Misra |last7=RS |first7=Murthy |last8=BM |first8=Tripathi |last9=DK |first9=Menon |last10=SK |first10=Khandelawal |last11=H |first11=Bedi |date=1993-01-01 |title=An incidence study of schizophrenia in India |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34274956 |journal=Indian Journal of Psychiatry |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=11–17 |pmc=2972559 |pmid=21776160}}</ref>

⚫
== Death ==
Since November 2017 he was unwell, and suffered a mild [[cardiac arrest]], and died on 12 July 2018 at age of 88.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Scroll |date=2018-07-13 |title=Professor NN Wig, doyen of Indian psychiatry, dies at 88 |url=https://scroll.in/latest/886448/professor-nn-wig-doyen-of-indian-psychiatry-dies-at-88 |access-date=2024-02-18 |website=Scroll.in |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0" />


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wig, N. N.}}
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:1930 births]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:2018 deaths]]
[[Category:Indian psychiatrists]]
[[Category:Indian psychiatrists]]
[[Category:Indian scholars]]
[[Category:Indian scholars]]
[[Category:20th-century American poets]]
[[Category:Rockefeller Foundation people]]
[[Category:People from Gujranwala District]]
[[Category:King George's Medical University alumni]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research]]

Latest revision as of 12:12, 31 May 2024

N. N. Wig
Born
Narendra Nath Wig

(1930-10-01)October 1, 1930
Gujranwala District, Punjab
DiedJuly 12, 2018(2018-07-12) (aged 87)
Occupation(s)Academic, reaercher
Known forDhat syndrome (1960)
AwardsRockefeller Foundation Fellowship[1]
Academic background
Alma mater
Academic work
DisciplinePsychiatrist, sociologist
Sub-discipline20th-century psychiatrist, psychiatry research, Indian specialist
InstitutionsNational Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
Doctoral students

N. N. Wig (born Narendra Nath Wig; 1 October 1930-12 July 2018) was an Indian scholar known for his contribution to modern psychiatry.[2] He founded the psychiatry department of the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in 1963,[3] and was the originator of the Dhat syndrome which was coined in 1960.[4][5]

Early life and education

[edit]

He was born in 1930, in the district of Gujranwala, Punjab.[6] In 1953, he completed his MBBS from King George's Medical College, Lucknow. He then went to Lucknow University for his MD in Medicine in 1957.[1] His interest in psychiatry led him to train at the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences in Bangalore. He was Awarded a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship, and went to the UK and US before returning to India in 1962 to establish the Department of Neuropsychiatry at KGMC Lucknow.[1]

Career

[edit]

In 1963, Wig established the Department of Psychiatry at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh.[7] Under his leadership, the department gained international recognition and became a World Health Organization collaborating center for mental health training and research in 1976.[3]

Wig was known for his work in Community Mental Health. His studies in the villages of Raipur Rani, Haryana have reportedly become a model for Mental health in India and diaspora.[8]

Contributions to psychiatry

[edit]

He has authored over 300 scientific papers in journals and books, contributing significantly to psychiatric literature.[9] He has also served on the World Psychiatric Association's Steering Committee, working to mitigate stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness.[10]

Death

[edit]

Since November 2017, he was unwell, and on July 12, 2018 he suffered a mild cardiac arrest and died at the age of 88.[6][3]

Selected publications

[edit]
  • Balgir, R. S.; Murthy, R. S.; Wig, N. N. (1980-06-01). "Manic-depressive psychosis and schizophrenia: a dermatoglyphic study". British Journal of Psychiatry. 136: 558–561. doi:10.1192/BJP.136.6.558. PMID 7388263.[11]
  • NN, Wig (2004-01-01). "Hanuman Complex And its Resolution : An Illustration of Psychotherapy from Indian mythology". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 46 (1): 25–28. PMC 2912672. PMID 21206772.[12]
  • Wig, Nn; Sharma, Sheetal (2015). "Emperor Ashoka: Did he suffer from von Recklinghausen′s diseases?". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 57 (1): 95. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.148536. ISSN 0019-5545. PMC 4314928. PMID 25657467.[13][14]
  • NN, Wig (2001-05-01). "Development of national mental health programmes in the countries of the eastern Mediterranean region". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 7 (3): 348–352. PMID 12690752.[15]
  • NN, Wig; VK, Varma; SK, Mattoo; PB, Behere; HR, Phookan; AK, Misra; RS, Murthy; BM, Tripathi; DK, Menon; SK, Khandelawal; H, Bedi (1993-01-01). "An incidence study of schizophrenia in India". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 35 (1): 11–17. PMC 2972559. PMID 21776160.[16]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Gaind, Raghunandan (2019-01-01). "Professor Narendra Nath Wig MD FRCPsych DPM.(Lond) 1930-2018". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 61 (1): 109. PMC 6341919.
  2. ^ "Prof NN Wig Oration 2021: 'About 50 per cent of all mental disorders start before the age of 14'". The Indian Express. 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  3. ^ a b c "Father of psychiatry Dr NN Wig passes away". Hindustan Times. 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  4. ^ "Why India has a bad case of Dhat syndrome". Firstpost. 2019-09-02. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  5. ^ Rao, T. S. Sathyanarayana (2021). "History and mystery of Dhat syndrome: A critical look at the current understanding and future directions". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 63 (4): 317–325. doi:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_791_20. ISSN 0019-5545. PMC 8363894. PMID 34456344.
  6. ^ a b Scroll Staff (2018-07-13). "Professor NN Wig, doyen of Indian psychiatry, dies at 88". Scroll.in. Retrieved 2024-02-18.
  7. ^ "A shrink who expanded your world : The Tribune India".
  8. ^ "Prof N N Wig of PGI passes away at 88 : The Tribune India".
  9. ^ "Prof. N.N. Wig : A Larger than Life Persona who Makes People Feel Immediately at Ease". Mens Sana Monographs. 3 (2): 7–10. 2005. ISSN 0973-1229. PMC 3369176. PMID 22679351.
  10. ^ https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/doyen-of-indian-psychiatry-n-n-wig-dies-at-88-118071300714_1.html
  11. ^ Balgir, R. S.; Murthy, R. S.; Wig, N. N. (1980-06-01). "Manic-depressive psychosis and schizophrenia: a dermatoglyphic study". British Journal of Psychiatry. 136 (6): 558–561. doi:10.1192/BJP.136.6.558. PMID 7388263. S2CID 32894126.
  12. ^ NN, Wig (2004-01-01). "Hanuman Complex And its Resolution : An Illustration of Psychotherapy from Indian mythology". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 46 (1): 25–28. PMC 2912672. PMID 21206772.
  13. ^ Wig, N. N.; Sharma, Sheetal (January 2015). "Emperor Ashoka: Did he suffer from von Recklinghausen's diseases?". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 57 (1): 95–97. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.148536. ISSN 0019-5545. PMC 4314928. PMID 25657467.
  14. ^ Wig, N. N.; Sharma, Sheetal (January 2015). "Emperor Ashoka: Did he suffer from von Recklinghausen's diseases?". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 57 (1): 95–97. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.148536. ISSN 0019-5545. PMC 4314928. PMID 25657467.
  15. ^ NN, Wig (2001-05-01). "Development of national mental health programmes in the countries of the eastern Mediterranean region". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 7 (3): 348–352. doi:10.26719/2001.7.3.348. PMID 12690752.
  16. ^ NN, Wig; VK, Varma; SK, Mattoo; PB, Behere; HR, Phookan; AK, Misra; RS, Murthy; BM, Tripathi; DK, Menon; SK, Khandelawal; H, Bedi (1993-01-01). "An incidence study of schizophrenia in India". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 35 (1): 11–17. PMC 2972559. PMID 21776160.
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