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{{short description|Greek politician}}
{{short description|Greek politician}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
[[File:Theodoros Deligiannis.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Theodoros Diligiannis]]
<!-- Please do not change the dates. All related articles and lists (of governments and prime ministers) follow this dateline. -->
|name = Theodoros Deligiannis
|native_name = {{Nobold|{{Lang|el|Θεόδωρος Δηλιγιάννης}}}}
|image = Theodoros Deligiannis.JPG
|caption = Theodoros Diligiannis, Prime Minister of Greece
|office = [[Prime Minister of Greece]]
|term_start = 19 April 1885
|term_end = 30 April 1886 ([[Old Style|o.s.]])
|monarch = [[George I of Greece|George I]]
|predecessor = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]]
|successor = [[Dimitrios Valvis]]
|term_start1 = 24 October 1890
|term_end1 = 18 February 1892
|predecessor1 = [[Charilaos Trikoupis]]
|successor1 = [[Konstantinos Konstantopoulos]]
|term_start2 = 31 May 1895
|term_end2 = 18 April 1897
|predecessor2 = [[Nikolaos Deligiannis]]
|successor2 = [[Dimitrios Rallis]]
|term_start3 = 24 November 1902
|term_end3 = 14 June 1903
|predecessor3 = [[Alexandros Zaimis]]
|successor3 = [[Georgios Theotokis]]
|term_start4 = 17 December 1904
|term_end4 = 9 June 1905
|predecessor4 = [[Georgios Theotokis]]
|successor4 = [[Dimitrios Rallis]]
|birth_date = April 1826<ref name="BritannicaWeb">{{Cite web|title=Theódoros Dhiliyiánnis|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theodoros-Dhiliyiannis|work=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|date=2022-03-28|access-date=2022-04-18}}</ref>
|birth_place = [[Kalavryta]], [[Greece]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1905|06|13|1826|04|01|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Athens]], Greece
|party = [[National Party (Greece)|National Party]]
|relatives = [[Nikolaos Deligiannis]] (cousin once removed)
}}


'''Theodoros Deligiannis''', also spelled '''Deligiannis''', '''Delyannis''', '''Delijannis''' and '''Deliyannis''', ({{lang-el|Θεόδωρος Δηλιγιάννης}}, 2 January 1820{{snd}}13 June 1905{{Greece Old Style dating}}), was a [[Greece|Greek]] [[politician]], minister and [[member of the Greek Parliament]], who served as [[Prime Minister of Greece]] five times from 1885 to 1905.
'''Theodoros Deligiannis''' ({{Lang-el|Θεόδωρος Δηλιγιάννης}}, died 1905) was a [[Greece|Greek]] [[politician]], minister and [[member of the Greek Parliament]], who served as [[Prime Minister of Greece]] five times from 1885 until his assassination.


He led the National Party, which, along with the [[New Party (Greece, 1873)|New Party]], led by his primary political opponent, [[Charilaos Trikoupis]], formed the [[two-party system]] of the time.
He led the [[National Party (Greece)|National Party]], which, alongside the [[New Party (Greece, 1873)|New Party]] led by his primary political opponent, [[Charilaos Trikoupis]], formed the [[two-party system]] of the time.


== Life ==
== Early life and career ==
{{Anchor|Life}}
⚫
He was born at [[Lagkadia, Arcadia]]. He studied law in [[Athens]], and in 1843 entered the [[Ministry of the Interior]], of which department he became permanent secretary in 1859. In 1862, on the deposition of [[Otto of Greece|King Otto]], he became minister for foreign affairs in the provisional government. In 1867, he was Greek Minister at Paris. On his return to Athens he became a member of successive cabinets in various capacities, and rapidly collected a party around him consisting of those who opposed his great rival, [[Charilaos Trikoupis]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Delyanni, Theodoros|volume=7|page=979}}</ref> He eventually became the leader of the [[Nationalist Party (Greece)|Nationalist Party]] after [[Alexandros Koumoundouros]].


⚫
He was born at [[Kalavryta]].<ref name="BritannicaWeb" />{{ref|a|a}} He studied law in [[Athens]], and in 1843 entered the [[Ministry of the Interior]], of which department he became permanent secretary in 1859. In 1862, on the deposition of [[Otto of Greece|King Otto]], he became minister for foreign affairs in the provisional government. In 1867, he was Greek Minister at Paris. On his return to Athens he became a member of successive cabinets in various capacities, and rapidly collected a party around him consisting of those who opposed his great rival, [[Charilaos Trikoupis]].<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|wstitle=Delyanni, Theodoros|volume=7|page=979}}</ref> He eventually became the leader of the [[National Party (Greece)|National Party]].
⚫
In the so-called Oecumenical Ministry of 1877 he voted for war with [[Ottoman Empire|Turkey]], and on its fall he entered the cabinet of Koumoundouros as minister for foreign affairs. He was a representative of Greece at the [[Berlin Congress]] in 1878. From this time forward, and particularly after 1882, when Trikoupis again came into power at the head of a strong party, the duel between these two statesmen was the leading feature of Greek politics.<ref name="EB1911"/>

⚫
In the so-called Oecumenical Ministry of 1877 he voted for war with [[Ottoman Empire|Turkey]]. On that ministry's fall, Diligiannis entered the cabinet of Koumoundouros as minister for foreign affairs. He was a representative of Greece at the [[Berlin Congress]] in 1878. From this time forward, and particularly after 1882, when Trikoupis again came into power at the head of a strong party, the duel between these two statesmen was the leading feature of Greek politics.<ref name="EB1911"/>


Diligiannis first formed a cabinet in 1885; but his warlike policy, the aim of which was, by threatening Turkey, to force the [[Great Powers]] to make concessions in order to avoid the risk of a European war, ended in failure. For the powers, in order to stop his excessive armaments, eventually blockaded the [[Piraeus]] and other ports, and this brought about his downfall. He returned to power in 1890, with a radical programme, but his failure to deal with the financial crisis produced a conflict between him and the king, and his disrespectful attitude resulted in his summary dismissal in 1892. Diligiannis evidently expected the public to side with him; but at the elections he was badly beaten.<ref name="EB1911"/>
Diligiannis first formed a cabinet in 1885; but his warlike policy, the aim of which was, by threatening Turkey, to force the [[Great Powers]] to make concessions in order to avoid the risk of a European war, ended in failure. For the powers, in order to stop his excessive armaments, eventually blockaded the [[Piraeus]] and other ports, and this brought about his downfall. He returned to power in 1890, with a radical programme, but his failure to deal with the financial crisis produced a conflict between him and the king, and his disrespectful attitude resulted in his summary dismissal in 1892. Diligiannis evidently expected the public to side with him; but at the elections he was badly beaten.<ref name="EB1911"/>


⚫
In 1895, however, he again became prime minister, and was at the head of affairs during the [[Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)|Cretan Revolt]] (1897–1898) and the opening of the [[Greco-Turkish War (1897)|Greco-Turkish War]] (1897). The easy defeat which ensued caused his fall from power in April 1897. Diligiannis himself had been led into the disastrous war policy to some extent against his will. The king again dismissed him from office when he declined to resign. Diligiannis kept his own seat at the election of 1899, but his following dwindled to small dimensions. He quickly recovered his influence, however, and he was again president of the council and minister of the interior.
⚫
[[File:Greek-Delegation-Berlin-Congress.jpg|thumb|200px|Diligiannis and the Greek delegation at the 1878 [[Berlin Congress]].]]
⚫
[[Image:Murder Deligiannis.jpg|thumb|200px|The assassination of Diligiannis, in a contemporary coloured lithograph.]]
⚫
[[File:Theod Diligiannis.JPG|thumb|200px|Statue near the old parliament (sculp. [[Georgios Dimitriades]])]]


== Death ==
⚫
In 1895, however, he again became prime minister, and was at the head of affairs during the Cretan crisis and the opening of the war with Turkey in 1897. The easy defeat which ensued though Diligiannis himself had been led into the disastrous war policy to some extent against his will caused his fall in April 1897, the king again dismissing him from office when he declined to resign. Delyanni kept his own seat at the election of 1899, but his following dwindled to small dimensions. He quickly recovered his influence, however, and he was again president of the council and minister of the interior when, on 13 June 1905, he was assassinated in revenge for the rigorous measures taken by him against gambling houses.<ref name="EB1911"/> His attacker, a professional gambler named Antonios Gherakaris, stabbed him with a dagger in the abdomen as he was entering the parliament. The incident took place at 5pm; an emergency operation failed to stop his internal bleeding and Diligiannis died at 7.30pm.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
On 13 June 1905, he was assassinated in revenge for the rigorous measures taken by him against gambling houses.<ref name="EB1911" /> His attacker, a professional gambler named Antonios Gherakaris, stabbed him with a dagger in the abdomen as he was entering the parliament. The incident took place at 5pm; an emergency operation failed to stop his internal bleeding and Diligiannis died at 7.30pm.<ref name="Master Program"/>

{{Gallery
|align=center
⚫
|File:Greek-Delegation-Berlin-Congress.jpg|Diligiannis and the Greek delegation at the 1878 [[Berlin Congress]].
⚫
|Image:Murder Deligiannis.jpg|The assassination of Diligiannis, in a contemporary coloured lithograph.
⚫
|File:Theod Diligiannis.JPG|Statue near the old parliament (sculp. [[Georgios Dimitriades]])
}}
{{clear}}
{{clear}}


==Notes==
==Notes==
* {{note|a|a}} It is not clear in which town was born. According to his first biographer, Geogrios Stefanou, [[Tripoli, Greece|Tripoli]], [[Nafplio]], [[Kalavryta]] or [[Pyrgos, Elis|Pyrgos]] are the possible cities of birth.<ref name="Master Program">{{cite book |last1=Deligisnnis |first1=Ioannis |title=The Foreign Policy of Theodore Deliyannis |date=2023 |publisher=University of Peloponnese |location=Corinth |url=https://amitos.library.uop.gr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/7178/Deliyannis_3033202101006.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |language=el|page=7}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


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{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-off}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|after=[[Dimitrios Valvis]]|years=1 May 1885{{snd}}9 May 1886}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|after=[[Dimitrios Valvis]]|years=19 April 1885 - 30 April 1886}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|after=[[Konstantinos Konstantopoulos]]|years=5 November 1890{{snd}}1 March 1892}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Charilaos Trikoupis]]|after=[[Konstantinos Konstantopoulos]]|years=24 October 1890 - 18 February 1892}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Nikolaos Deligiannis]]|after=[[Dimitrios Rallis]]|years=11 June 1895{{snd}}30 April 1897}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Nikolaos Deligiannis]]|after=[[Dimitrios Rallis]]|years=31 May 1895 - 18 April 1897}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Alexandros Zaimis]]|after=[[Georgios Theotokis]]|years=6 December 1902{{snd}}27 June 1903}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Alexandros Zaimis]]|after=[[Georgios Theotokis]]|years=24 November 1902 - 14 June 1903}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Georgios Theotokis]]|after=[[Dimitrios Rallis]]|years=29 December 1904{{snd}}13 June 1905}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Prime Minister of Greece]]|before=[[Georgios Theotokis]]|after=[[Dimitrios Rallis]]|years=17 December 1904 - 9 June 1905}}
{{S-end}}
{{S-end}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Diligiannis, Theodoros}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Diligiannis, Theodoros}}
[[Category:1820 births]]
[[Category:1826 births]]
[[Category:1905 deaths]]
[[Category:1905 deaths]]
[[Category:1900s murders in Greece]]
[[Category:1905 murders in Greece]]
[[Category:1905 crimes in Greece]]
[[Category:19th-century prime ministers of Greece]]
[[Category:1905 murders in Europe]]
[[Category:20th-century prime ministers of Greece]]
[[Category:19th-century Prime Ministers of Greece]]
[[Category:20th-century Prime Ministers of Greece]]
[[Category:Greek nationalists]]
[[Category:Greek nationalists]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Greece]]
[[Category:Eastern Orthodox Christians from Greece]]
[[Category:National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni]]
[[Category:National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni]]
[[Category:Foreign ministers of Greece]]
[[Category:Foreign ministers of Greece]]
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Greece]]
[[Category:Assassinated Greek politicians]]
[[Category:Assassinated Greek politicians]]
[[Category:Deaths by stabbing in Greece]]
[[Category:Deaths by stabbing in Greece]]
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[[Category:Ministers of the Interior of Greece]]
[[Category:Ministers of the Interior of Greece]]
[[Category:People from Langadia, Arcadia]]
[[Category:People from Langadia, Arcadia]]
[[Category:Politicians assassinated in the 1900s]]
[[Category:Deligiannis family]]

Revision as of 02:56, 30 May 2024

Theodoros Deligiannis
Θεόδωρος Δηλιγιάννης
Theodoros Diligiannis, Prime Minister of Greece
Prime Minister of Greece
In office
19 April 1885 – 30 April 1886 (o.s.)
MonarchGeorge I
Preceded byCharilaos Trikoupis
Succeeded byDimitrios Valvis
In office
24 October 1890 – 18 February 1892
Preceded byCharilaos Trikoupis
Succeeded byKonstantinos Konstantopoulos
In office
31 May 1895 – 18 April 1897
Preceded byNikolaos Deligiannis
Succeeded byDimitrios Rallis
In office
24 November 1902 – 14 June 1903
Preceded byAlexandros Zaimis
Succeeded byGeorgios Theotokis
In office
17 December 1904 – 9 June 1905
Preceded byGeorgios Theotokis
Succeeded byDimitrios Rallis
Personal details
BornApril 1826[1]
Kalavryta, Greece
Died13 June 1905(1905-06-13) (aged 79)
Athens, Greece
Political partyNational Party
RelativesNikolaos Deligiannis (cousin once removed)

Theodoros Deligiannis (Greek: Θεόδωρος Δηλιγιάννης, died 1905) was a Greek politician, minister and member of the Greek Parliament, who served as Prime Minister of Greece five times from 1885 until his assassination.

He led the National Party, which, alongside the New Party led by his primary political opponent, Charilaos Trikoupis, formed the two-party system of the time.

Early life and career

He was born at Kalavryta.[1]a He studied law in Athens, and in 1843 entered the Ministry of the Interior, of which department he became permanent secretary in 1859. In 1862, on the deposition of King Otto, he became minister for foreign affairs in the provisional government. In 1867, he was Greek Minister at Paris. On his return to Athens he became a member of successive cabinets in various capacities, and rapidly collected a party around him consisting of those who opposed his great rival, Charilaos Trikoupis.[2] He eventually became the leader of the National Party.

In the so-called Oecumenical Ministry of 1877 he voted for war with Turkey. On that ministry's fall, Diligiannis entered the cabinet of Koumoundouros as minister for foreign affairs. He was a representative of Greece at the Berlin Congress in 1878. From this time forward, and particularly after 1882, when Trikoupis again came into power at the head of a strong party, the duel between these two statesmen was the leading feature of Greek politics.[2]

Diligiannis first formed a cabinet in 1885; but his warlike policy, the aim of which was, by threatening Turkey, to force the Great Powers to make concessions in order to avoid the risk of a European war, ended in failure. For the powers, in order to stop his excessive armaments, eventually blockaded the Piraeus and other ports, and this brought about his downfall. He returned to power in 1890, with a radical programme, but his failure to deal with the financial crisis produced a conflict between him and the king, and his disrespectful attitude resulted in his summary dismissal in 1892. Diligiannis evidently expected the public to side with him; but at the elections he was badly beaten.[2]

In 1895, however, he again became prime minister, and was at the head of affairs during the Cretan Revolt (1897–1898) and the opening of the Greco-Turkish War (1897). The easy defeat which ensued caused his fall from power in April 1897. Diligiannis himself had been led into the disastrous war policy to some extent against his will. The king again dismissed him from office when he declined to resign. Diligiannis kept his own seat at the election of 1899, but his following dwindled to small dimensions. He quickly recovered his influence, however, and he was again president of the council and minister of the interior.

Death

On 13 June 1905, he was assassinated in revenge for the rigorous measures taken by him against gambling houses.[2] His attacker, a professional gambler named Antonios Gherakaris, stabbed him with a dagger in the abdomen as he was entering the parliament. The incident took place at 5pm; an emergency operation failed to stop his internal bleeding and Diligiannis died at 7.30pm.[3]

  • Diligiannis and the Greek delegation at the 1878 Berlin Congress.
    Diligiannis and the Greek delegation at the 1878 Berlin Congress.
  • The assassination of Diligiannis, in a contemporary coloured lithograph.
    The assassination of Diligiannis, in a contemporary coloured lithograph.
  • Statue near the old parliament (sculp. Georgios Dimitriades)
    Statue near the old parliament (sculp. Georgios Dimitriades)

Notes

  • ^a It is not clear in which town was born. According to his first biographer, Geogrios Stefanou, Tripoli, Nafplio, Kalavryta or Pyrgos are the possible cities of birth.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b "Theódoros Dhiliyiánnis". Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 March 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Delyanni, Theodoros". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 979.
  3. ^ a b Deligisnnis, Ioannis (2023). The Foreign Policy of Theodore Deliyannis (PDF) (in Greek). Corinth: University of Peloponnese. p. 7.

Sources

Further reading

  • Chatziioannou, Maria Christina. "Relations between the State and the Private Sphere: Speculation and Corruption in Nineteenth-century Greece. Mediterranean Historical Review, 1743-940X, Volume 23, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 1–14.
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Greece
19 April 1885 - 30 April 1886 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Greece
24 October 1890 - 18 February 1892 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Greece
31 May 1895 - 18 April 1897 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Greece
24 November 1902 - 14 June 1903 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Greece
17 December 1904 - 9 June 1905 		Succeeded by
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