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{{Short description|Alphabet used to write the Uyghur language in countries of the former Soviet Union}}
The '''Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet''' (ar. ئۇيغۇر كىرىل يازىكى, lat. ''Uyghur Kiril Yëziqi'' or ''UKY'', cyr. Уйғур Кирил Йезиқи) is a [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]-derived [[alphabet]] used for writing the [[Uyghur language]], primarily by [[Uyghurs]] living in [[Kazakhstan]] and former [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS]] countries.
{{One source|date=May 2023}}


The '''Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet''' ({{small|Cyrillic script:}} {{lang|ug-Cyrl|Уйғур Кирил Йезиқи}}, {{small|[[Uyghur Arabic alphabet|Arabic script]]:}} {{lang|ug-Arab|ئۇيغۇر كىرىل يېزىقى}}, {{small|[[Uyghur Latin alphabet|Latin script]]:}} {{lang|ug-Latn|Uyghur Kiril Yëziqi}}) is a [[Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]-derived [[alphabet]] used for writing the [[Uyghur language]], primarily by [[Uyghurs]] living in [[Post-Soviet states|countries of the former Soviet Union]]. It is used to write [[Uyghur dialects#Standard languages|Standard Soviet Uyghur]].{{sfn|Duval|Janbaz|2006|p=2}}
⚫
It was devised around 1937 by the [[Soviet Union]], which wanted an alternative to the [[Latin alphabet|Latin]]-derived alphabet<!-- NOT [[Uyghur New Script|Uyghur Pinyin Yëziqi]]! --> they had devised some eleven years earlier, in 1926, as they feared a [[romanization]] of the Uyghur language would strengthen the relationship of the Uyghurs to [[Turkey]], which had [[Turkish alphabet|switched to a Latin-based alphabet]] in 1927–1928.<ref name="ilat"/>
__NOTOC__
⚫
It was created around 1937 by the [[Government of the Soviet Union]], which wanted an alternative to the [[Latin alphabet|Latin]]-derived alphabet it had devised some eleven years earlier, in 1926. The [[Soviet people|Soviets]] dropped their Latin script for Uyghur because they feared its local use would encourage Soviet Uyghurs to seek closer ties with [[Turkey]], which had [[Turkish alphabet|switched to a Latin-based alphabet]] in 1927–1928.{{sfn|Duval|Janbaz|2006|p=2}}


After the proclamation of the Communist [[China|People's Republic of China]] in 1949, [[Russians|Russian]] [[linguistics|linguists]] began helping the [[Chinese people|Chinese]] with codifying the various minority [[languages of China]] and promoting Cyrillic-derived alphabets and thus the Uyghurs of China also came to use the Uyghur Kiril Yëziqi.
After the [[proclamation of the People's Republic of China |proclamation of the communist People's Republic of China in 1949]], [[Russians|Russian]] [[linguistics|linguists]] began helping the [[Chinese people|Chinese]] with codifying the various minority [[languages of China]] and promoting Cyrillic-derived alphabets. The Uyghurs of China thus also came to use the Cyrillic script for a period of time, until the [[Sino-Soviet split]].{{sfn|Duval|Janbaz|2006|p=2}}


Amid deteriorating [[Sino-Soviet relations|relations]] with the [[Soviet Union]], [[China]] dismissed the Cyrillic script and introduced the [[Uyghur New Script]] in 1959. The New Script entered widespread use in China beginning in 1965.{{sfn|Duval|Janbaz|2006|p=2}} In 1982, China officially switched to the [[Uyghur Arabic alphabet|Arabic script]].{{sfn|Duval|Janbaz|2006|p=3}}
As the [[Sino-Soviet split|tensions between the Soviet Union and China]] grew stronger, the Chinese dismissed the Uyghur Kiril Yëziqi and as of 1959, the newly devised [[Uyghur New Script|Uyghur Yëngi Yëziqi]] became the new alphabet of use among the Chinese Uyghurs and eventually China restored the Arabic script to write Uyghur till now. Uyghur Kiril Yëziqi continued to be used in the [[Soviet Union]], however and is today used in Kazakhstan and former CIS countries and is also the alphabet used for writing [[Uyghur dialects#Standard languages|Standard Soviet Uyghur]].<ref name="ilat">{{Citation|last1 = Duval|first1 = Jean Rahman|last2 = Janbaz|first2 = Waris Abdukerim|title = An Introduction to Latin-Script Uyghur|year = 2006|page = 2|publisher = [[University of Utah]]|location = [[Salt Lake City]]|url = http://www.uyghurdictionary.org/excerpts/An%20Introduction%20to%20LSU.pdf}}</ref>

The letters in the Uyghur Cyrillic Alphabet are, in order:<center>
The letters in the Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet are, in order:
⚫
{| class="wikitable"

⚫
! Capital Letter || А || Ә || Б ||В || Г || Ғ || Д || Е || Ж || Җ || З || И || Й || К || Қ || Л
⚫
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
⚫
! М || Н || Ң || О || Ө || П || Р || С || Т || У || Ү || Ф || Х || Һ || Ч || Ш || Ю || Я
⚫
! Capital Letter || А || Ә || Б ||В || Г || Ғ || Д || Е
!Ё|| Ж || Җ || З || И || Й || К || Қ || Л
⚫
! М || Н || Ң || О || Ө || П || Р || С || Т || У || Ү || Ф || Х || Һ
!Ц|| Ч || Ш || Ю || Я
|-
|-
| '''Small Letter''' || a || ə || б|| в|| г || ғ || д || е || ж || җ || з || и || й || к || қ || л
| '''Small Letter''' || a || ə || б|| в|| г || ғ || д || е
|ё|| ж || җ || з || и || й || к || қ || л
| м || н || ң || о || ө || п || р || с || т || у || ү || ф || х || һ || ч || ш || ю || я
| м || н || ң || о || ө || п || р || с || т || у || ү || ф || х || һ
|ц|| ч || ш || ю || я
|-
|-
| '''IPA''' || ɑ,a || ɛ,æ || b || w,v || g || ʁ,ɣ || d || e || ʒ || dʒ || z || i,ɨ || j || k || q || l
| '''IPA''' || ɑ,a || ɛ,æ || b || w,v || g || ʁ,ɣ || d || e
|jo|| ʒ || d͡ʒ || z || i,ɨ || j || k || q || l
| m || n || ŋ || o,ɔ || ø || p || r,ɾ || s || t || u,ʊ || y,ʏ || f,ɸ || χ,x || h,ɦ || tʃ || ʃ || ju || ja
| m || n || ŋ || o,ɔ || ø || p || r,ɾ || s || t || u,ʊ || y,ʏ || f,ɸ || χ,x || h,ɦ
|t͡s|| t͡ʃ || ʃ || ju || ja
|}
|}</center>

== References ==


==References==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
*[http://uyguravazi.kz/ Uyghur Awazi (The largest Uyghur Cyrillic news publication online)]
* {{cite journal|last1 = Duval|first1 = Jean Rahman|last2 = Janbaz|first2 = Waris Abdukerim|title = An Introduction to Latin-Script Uyghur|date = 7–9 September 2006 |journal=Middle East & Central Asia Politics, Economics, and Society |publisher = [[University of Utah]]|location = [[Salt Lake City]]|url = http://www.uyghurdictionary.org/excerpts/An%20Introduction%20to%20LSU.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022113840/http://www.uyghurdictionary.org/excerpts/An%20Introduction%20to%20LSU.pdf |archive-date=22 October 2006}}
*[http://slav.uy.ts.cn/ Xinjiang travel guide (in Uyghur Cyrillic)]
{{refend}}


{{Uyghur language}}
{{Uyghur language}}

Latest revision as of 04:18, 29 May 2024

The Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet (Cyrillic script: Уйғур Кирил Йезиқи, Arabic script: ئۇيغۇر كىرىل يېزىقى, Latin script: Uyghur Kiril Yëziqi) is a Cyrillic-derived alphabet used for writing the Uyghur language, primarily by Uyghurs living in countries of the former Soviet Union. It is used to write Standard Soviet Uyghur.[1]

It was created around 1937 by the Government of the Soviet Union, which wanted an alternative to the Latin-derived alphabet it had devised some eleven years earlier, in 1926. The Soviets dropped their Latin script for Uyghur because they feared its local use would encourage Soviet Uyghurs to seek closer ties with Turkey, which had switched to a Latin-based alphabet in 1927–1928.[1]

After the proclamation of the communist People's Republic of China in 1949, Russian linguists began helping the Chinese with codifying the various minority languages of China and promoting Cyrillic-derived alphabets. The Uyghurs of China thus also came to use the Cyrillic script for a period of time, until the Sino-Soviet split.[1]

Amid deteriorating relations with the Soviet Union, China dismissed the Cyrillic script and introduced the Uyghur New Script in 1959. The New Script entered widespread use in China beginning in 1965.[1] In 1982, China officially switched to the Arabic script.[2]

The letters in the Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet are, in order:

Capital Letter А Ә Б В Г Ғ Д Е Ё Ж Җ З И Й К Қ Л М Н Ң О Ө П Р С Т У Ү Ф Х Һ Ц Ч Ш Ю Я
Small Letter a ə б в г ғ д е ё ж җ з и й к қ л м н ң о ө п р с т у ү ф х һ ц ч ш ю я
IPA ɑ,a ɛ,æ b w,v g ʁ,ɣ d e jo ʒ d͡ʒ z i,ɨ j k q l m n ŋ o,ɔ ø p r,ɾ s t u,ʊ y,ʏ f,ɸ χ,x h,ɦ t͡s t͡ʃ ʃ ju ja

References

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d Duval & Janbaz 2006, p. 2.
  2. ^ Duval & Janbaz 2006, p. 3.

Sources

[edit]
  • Duval, Jean Rahman; Janbaz, Waris Abdukerim (7–9 September 2006). "An Introduction to Latin-Script Uyghur" (PDF). Middle East & Central Asia Politics, Economics, and Society. Salt Lake City: University of Utah. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2006.
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