Mstislav II Svyatoslavich: Difference between revisions

Mstislav II Svyatoslavich
Mstislav II Svyatoslavich
Prince of Chernigov
Reign	1215/20–1223
Predecessor	Gleb Svyatoslavich of Chernigov
Successor	Michael of Chernigov
House	Olgovichi
Father	Sviatoslav III of Kiev
Mother	Maria Vasilkovna of Polotsk

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Mstislav II Svyatoslavich (c. 1168 – 31 May 1223)^[1] was a Kievan Rus' prince. His baptismal name was Panteleymon.^[1] He was probably prince of Kozelsk (1194–1223),^[1] of Novgorod-Seversk (1206–1219),^[1] and of Chernigov (1215/1220–1223).^[1] He was killed in the Battle of the Kalka River.^[1]

Biography

He was the youngest son of Grand Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich of Kiev and Maria Vasilkovna of Polotsk.^[1]

At the beginning of 1182, when his father and Prince Vsevolod Yuryevich of Suzdalia concluded peace, the latter promised to give his wife’s sister as wife to Mstislav.^[1] Mstislav married Yasynya (whose Christian name was Marfa) at the beginning of 1183.^[1]

In the summer of 1184, his father launched a major campaign against the Cumans and summoned him.^[1] In 1189, after the Hungarians had occupied the principality of Halych, his father agreed to attack them with Prince Rurik Rostislavich, and Mstislav rode with his father.^[1] However, his father and Rurik Rostislavich failed to reach an agreement on the partition of the lands to be occupied, and thus they returned home.^[1] In 1192, his father sent him and his elder brothers (Vladimir and Vsevolod Svyatoslavich) to take part in the campaign of Igor Svyatoslavich, Prince of Novgorod-Seversk against the Cumans, but on seeing that they were outnumbered Igor Svyatoslavich resolutely ordered his troops to steal away under the cover of darkness.^[1]

His father died in the last week of July 1194 and his only brother, Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich of Chernigov, became the senior prince of his dynasty; thus the genealogical reshuffle made Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich's sons (among them Mstislav) answerable to their uncle.^[1] Mstislav probably inherited Kozelsk from his father who divided up the Vyatichi lands among his several sons.^[1]

In 1196, when Mstislav’s brother-in-law, Vsevolod Yuryevich (accompanied by the princes of Ryazan, Murom, and the Cumans) attacked the principality of Chernigov, his uncle ordered Mstislav to accompany him against Vsevolod Yuryevich.^[1]

Mstislav probably got the principality of Novgorod Seversk in the early summer of 1206, when its former ruler, Vladimir Igorevich became the prince of Halych.^[1] Shortly afterwards, his eldest brother, Vsevolod Svyatoslavich snatched Kiev from Rurik Rostislavich, and their brother, Gleb Svyatoslavich occupied Chernihiv.^[1] Although, Mstislav was next in line for a major domain, his eldest brother bypassed him and gave Pereyaslavl to his own son Michael of Chernigov.^[1] Rurik Rostislavich, however, was determined to regain control of Kiev, and he expelled Vsevolod Svyatoslavich; but the latter refused to give up and marched against Kiev at the beginning of 1207.^[1] His attacking force constituted his two brothers, Gleb and Mstislav with their sons.^[1] But Rurik Rostislavich was prepared for the attack and successfully kept the besiegers outside the walls, and thus they pillaged around Kiev for three week but accomplished nothing and withdrew.^[1]

His brother, Gleb Svyatoslavich, prince of Chernigov was last mentioned under 1215, and Mstislav replaced him as senior prince.^[1] Consequently, when in the winter of 1220, the Lithuanians pillaged the lands of the Olgovichi (the ruling dynasty of Chernigov), Mstislav set out in pursuit from Chernihiv, caught the raiders, killed them all, and retrieved the plundered goods.^[1] In 1221, Mstislav participated in the campaign Prince Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold lead against Halych.

In the spring of 1223, the Tatars (the Mongols) arrived on the frontiers of Rus’ and attacked the Cumans; the latter, unable to withstand the onslaught, fled to Rus’ warning the princes.^[1] Under the influence of Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold several of the Russian princes (among them Mstislav, and Grand Prince Mstislav Romanovich of Kiev) agreed to cooperate with the Cumans against the Mongols.^[2] The first skirmish took place on the banks of the Dnieper River, and in this vanguard battle Mstislav Mstislavich succeeded in defeating a detachment of Mongol troops.^[2] After their victory, the Russian armies crossed the river and marched through the steppes for 8 days before they met the main Mongol force at the banks of the Kalka River.^[2] There, without consultation with the princes of Kiev and Chernihiv, Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold and the Cumans attacked the Mongols.^[2] The results were disastrous: their forces were disorganized, and a number of princes, including Mstislav and his son,^[1] perished during the flight.^[2] Their body was left to the mercy of prairie scavengers.^[1]

Marriage and children

#1183: Yasynya (Marfa), the sister of Maria, the wife of Prince Vsevolod Yuryevich of Suzdalia^[1]

Dmitry Mstislavich (c. 1185 – May 31, 1223)^[1]^[3]
Andrey Mstislavich^[1]
Ioann Mstislavich^[1]
Gavriil Mstislavich^[1]

Ancestors

Ancestors of Mstislav II Svyatoslavich^[1]

16. Sviatoslav II Yaroslavich, grand prince of Kiev

8. Oleg Svyatoslavich, prince of Chernigov

4. Vsevolod II Olgovich, grand prince of Kiev

9. Theophano Musalonissa

2. Sviatoslav III Vsevolodovich, grand prince of Kiev

20. Vladimir II Vsevolodovich, grand prince of Kiev

10. Mstislav Vladimirovich, grand prince of Kiev

21. Gytha of England

5. Maria Mstislavna of Kiev

22. Inge Stenkilsson, king of Sweden

11. Christine of Sweden

23. Helena

1. Mstislav II Svyatoslavich

24. Vseslav Bryacheslavich, prince of Polotsk

12. Sviatoslav Vseslavich, prince of Polotsk

6. Vasilko Svyatoslavich of Polotsk

3. Maria Vasilkovna of Polotsk

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag Dimnik, Martin. The Dynasty of Chernigov - 1146-1246.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Vernadsky, George (1948). Kievan Russia.
^ The Gustinskiy Chronicle calls him Prince Yury Mstislavich Nesvezhskiy, but the compiler conflated the phrase “Mstislav of Chernigov with his son, George Nesvezhskiy” to read as “Mstislav Svyatoslavich of Chernigov and his son George”; Dimnik, Martin op. cit. p. 296.

Sources

Dimnik, Martin: The Dynasty of Chernigov - 1146-1246; Cambridge University Press, 2003, Cambridge; ISBN 978-0-521-03981-9.
Vernadsky, George: Kievan Russia; Yale University Press, 1948, New Haven and London; ISBN 0-300-01647-6.

Preceded by (Part of the Principality of Chernigov)	Prince of Kozelsk 1194–1223	Succeeded by Unknown
Preceded by Vladimir Igorevich	Prince of Novgorod-Seversk 1206–1219	Succeeded by Michael of Chernigov
Preceded by Gleb Svyatoslavich	Prince of Chernigov 1215/1220–1223	Succeeded by Michael of Chernigov

[Dimnik-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag Dimnik, Martin. The Dynasty of Chernigov - 1146-1246.

[Vernadsky-2] Vernadsky, George (1948). Kievan Russia.

[3] The Gustinskiy Chronicle calls him Prince Yury Mstislavich Nesvezhskiy, but the compiler conflated the phrase “Mstislav of Chernigov with his son, George Nesvezhskiy” to read as “Mstislav Svyatoslavich of Chernigov and his son George”; Dimnik, Martin op. cit. p. 296.

[1]

[2]

[3]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{one source|date=May 2023}}
-'''Mstislav II Svyatoslavich''' (c. 1168 – May 31, 1223)<ref name='Dimnik'>{{cite book | last = Dimnik | first = Martin | title = The Dynasty of Chernigov - 1146-1246}}</ref> was a [[Rus' (people)|Rus']]  prince (a member of the [[Rurik dynasty]]).<ref name='Cawley'>{{MLCC|warning=1 |url=http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/RUSSIA,%20Rurik.htm#RostislavMikhailovichdied1263B|title=Russia, Rurikids - Grand Princes of Kiev, Princes of Chernigov, descendants of Sviatoslav II, Grand Prince of Kiev (fourth son of Iaroslav I) |title-date=2008-05-19|date=August 2012}}</ref> His [[baptismal name]] was '''Panteleymon'''.<ref name='Dimnik'/> He was probably [[Kozelsk#History|prince of Kozelsk]] (1194–1223),<ref name='Dimnik'/> of [[Prince of Novgorod-Seversk|Novgorod-Seversk]] (1206–1219),<ref name='Dimnik'/> and [[Principality of Chernigov|of Chernigov]] (1215/1220–1223).<ref name='Dimnik'/><ref name='Obsidian'>{{cite web|url=http://my.raex.com/~obsidian/ukraine.html#Chernigov|title=Regnal Chronologies|publisher=Foundation of Medieval Genealogy|work= Ukraine - Chernigov|date=2009-02-17|author=“Obsidian”|accessdate=2009-02-28}}</ref> He was killed in the [[Battle of the Kalka River]].<ref name='Dimnik'/>
+{{Family name hatnote|Svyatoslavich|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
+{{infobox royalty
+| name         = Mstislav II Svyatoslavich
+| image        =
+| caption      =
+| succession   = [[Prince of Chernigov]]
+| reign1       = 1215/20–1223
+| predecessor1 = [[Gleb Svyatoslavich (Prince of Chernigov)|Gleb Svyatoslavich of Chernigov]]
+| successor1   = [[Michael of Chernigov]]
+| house        = [[Olgovichi]]
+| father       = [[Sviatoslav III of Kiev]]
+| mother       = [[Maria Vasilkovna of Polotsk]]
+}}
+'''Mstislav II Svyatoslavich''' (c. 1168 – 31 May 1223)<ref name='Dimnik'>{{cite book | last = Dimnik | first = Martin | title = The Dynasty of Chernigov - 1146-1246}}</ref> was a [[Kievan Rus']]  prince. His [[baptismal name]] was '''Panteleymon'''.<ref name='Dimnik'/> He was probably [[Kozelsk#History|prince of Kozelsk]] (1194–1223),<ref name='Dimnik'/> of [[Prince of Novgorod-Seversk|Novgorod-Seversk]] (1206–1219),<ref name='Dimnik'/> and [[Principality of Chernigov|of Chernigov]] (1215/1220–1223).<ref name='Dimnik'/> He was killed in the [[Battle of the Kalka River]].<ref name='Dimnik'/>
-==His life==
+== Biography ==
-He was the youngest son of Grand Prince [[Sviatoslav III of Kiev|Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich of Kiev]] and Maria Vasilkovna of Polotsk.<ref name="Dimnik"/>
+He was the youngest son of Grand Prince [[Sviatoslav III of Kiev|Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich of Kiev]] and [[Maria Vasilkovna of Polotsk]].<ref name="Dimnik"/>
 At the beginning of 1182, when his father and Prince [[Vsevolod the Big Nest|Vsevolod Yuryevich of Suzdalia]] concluded peace, the latter promised to give [[Maria Shvarnovna|his wife]]’s sister as wife to Mstislav.<ref name='Dimnik'/> Mstislav married Yasynya (whose Christian name was Marfa) at the beginning of 1183.<ref name='Dimnik'/>
 In the summer of 1184, his father launched a major campaign against the [[Cumans]] and summoned him.<ref name='Dimnik'/>
-In 1189, after [[Béla III of Hungary#Expansion|the Hungarians had occupied the principality of Halych]], his father agreed to attack them with Prince [[Rurik Rostislavich|Rurik Rostislavich of Belgorod]], and Mstislav rode with his father.<ref name='Dimnik'/> However, his father and Rurik Rostislavich failed to reach an agreement on the partition of the lands to be occupied, and thus they returned home.<ref name='Dimnik'/> In 1192, his father sent him and his elder brothers (Vladimir and [[Vsevolod IV of Kiev|Vsevolod Svyatoslavich]]) to take part in the campaign of [[Igor Svyatoslavich]], [[Prince of Novgorod-Seversk]] against the Cumans, but on seeing that they were outnumbered Igor Svyatoslavich resolutely ordered his troops to steal away under the cover of darkness.<ref name='Dimnik'/>
+In 1189, after [[Béla III of Hungary#Expansion|the Hungarians had occupied the principality of Halych]], his father agreed to attack them with Prince [[Rurik Rostislavich]], and Mstislav rode with his father.<ref name='Dimnik'/> However, his father and Rurik Rostislavich failed to reach an agreement on the partition of the lands to be occupied, and thus they returned home.<ref name='Dimnik'/> In 1192, his father sent him and his elder brothers (Vladimir and [[Vsevolod IV of Kiev|Vsevolod Svyatoslavich]]) to take part in the campaign of [[Igor Svyatoslavich]], [[Prince of Novgorod-Seversk]] against the Cumans, but on seeing that they were outnumbered Igor Svyatoslavich resolutely ordered his troops to steal away under the cover of darkness.<ref name='Dimnik'/>
-His father died in the last week of July, 1194, and his only brother, [[Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich]] of Chernigov became the senior prince of his dynasty; thus the genealogical reshuffle made Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich's sons (among them Mstislav) answerable to their uncle.<ref name='Dimnik'/> Mstislav probably inherited [[Kozelsk]] from his father who divided up the [[Vyatichs|Vyatichi lands]] among his several sons.<ref name='Dimnik'/>
+His father died in the last week of July 1194 and his only brother, [[Yaroslav II Vsevolodovich]] of Chernigov, became the senior prince of his dynasty; thus the genealogical reshuffle made Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich's sons (among them Mstislav) answerable to their uncle.<ref name='Dimnik'/> Mstislav probably inherited [[Kozelsk]] from his father who divided up the [[Vyatichs|Vyatichi lands]] among his several sons.<ref name='Dimnik'/>
 In 1196, when Mstislav’s brother-in-law, Vsevolod Yuryevich (accompanied by the [[Ryazan Principality|princes of Ryazan]], [[Principality of Murom|Murom]], and the Cumans) attacked the principality of Chernigov, his uncle ordered Mstislav to accompany him against Vsevolod Yuryevich.<ref name='Dimnik'/>
@@ Line 17: / Line 31: @@
 His brother, Gleb Svyatoslavich, prince of Chernigov was last mentioned under 1215, and Mstislav replaced him as senior prince.<ref name='Dimnik'/> Consequently, when in the winter of 1220, the [[Lithuanians]] pillaged the lands of the Olgovichi (the ruling dynasty of Chernigov), Mstislav set out in pursuit from Chernihiv, caught the raiders, killed them all, and retrieved the plundered goods.<ref name='Dimnik'/> In 1221, Mstislav participated in the campaign Prince [[Mstislav Mstislavich|Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold]] lead against [[Galicia-Volhynia|Halych]].
-In the spring of 1223, [[Mongol invasion of Rus'#Background|the Tatars (the Mongols) arrived on the frontiers of Rus’]] and attacked the Cumans; the latter, unable to withstand the onslaught, fled to [[Kievan Rus'|Rus’]] warning the princes.<ref name='Dimnik'/> Under the influence of Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold several of the Russian princes (among them Mstislav, and Grand Prince [[Mstislav III of Kiev|Mstislav Romanovich of Kiev]]) agreed to cooperate with the Cumans against the [[Mongols]].<ref name='Vernadsky'>{{cite book | last = Vernadsky | first = George | title = Kievan Russia}}</ref> The first skirmish took place on the banks of the [[Dnieper River]], and in this vanguard battle Mstislav Mstislavich succeeded in defeating a detachment of Mongol troops.<ref name='Vernadsky'/> After their victory, the Russian armies crossed the river and marched through the [[steppe]]s for 8 days before they met the main Mongol force at the banks of the [[Kalchik River|Kalka River]].<ref name='Vernadsky'/> There, without consultation with the princes of Kiev and Chernihiv, Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold and the Cumans attacked the Mongols.<ref name='Vernadsky'/> The results were disastrous: their forces were disorganized, and a number of princes, including Mstislav and his son,<ref name='Dimnik'/> perished during the flight.<ref name='Vernadsky'/> Their body was left to the mercy of prairie [[scavenger]]s.<ref name='Dimnik'/>
+In the spring of 1223, [[Mongol invasion of Rus'#Background|the Tatars (the Mongols) arrived on the frontiers of Rus’]] and attacked the Cumans; the latter, unable to withstand the onslaught, fled to [[Kievan Rus'|Rus’]] warning the princes.<ref name='Dimnik'/> Under the influence of Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold several of the Russian princes (among them Mstislav, and Grand Prince [[Mstislav III of Kiev|Mstislav Romanovich of Kiev]]) agreed to cooperate with the Cumans against the [[Mongols]].<ref name='Vernadsky'>{{cite book | last = Vernadsky | first = George | title = Kievan Russia| year = 1948 | url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.185099 }}</ref> The first skirmish took place on the banks of the [[Dnieper River]], and in this vanguard battle Mstislav Mstislavich succeeded in defeating a detachment of Mongol troops.<ref name='Vernadsky'/> After their victory, the Russian armies crossed the river and marched through the [[steppe]]s for 8 days before they met the main Mongol force at the banks of the [[Kalchyk (river)|Kalka River]].<ref name='Vernadsky'/> There, without consultation with the princes of Kiev and Chernihiv, Mstislav Mstislavich the Bold and the Cumans attacked the Mongols.<ref name='Vernadsky'/> The results were disastrous: their forces were disorganized, and a number of princes, including Mstislav and his son,<ref name='Dimnik'/> perished during the flight.<ref name='Vernadsky'/> Their body was left to the mercy of prairie [[scavenger]]s.<ref name='Dimnik'/>
 ==Marriage and children==
@@ Line 28: / Line 42: @@
 ==Ancestors==
 {{unreferenced section|date=August 2012}}
+{{ahnentafel
-{{ahnentafel top|width=100%|'''Ancestors of Mstislav II Svyatoslavich'''<ref name='Dimnik'/><ref name='Cawley'/>}}
+|collapsed=yes |align=center
-<center>{{ahnentafel-compact5
+|title='''Ancestors of Mstislav II Svyatoslavich'''<ref name='Dimnik'/>
-|style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
-|border=1
-|boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
 |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
 |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
@@ Line 69: / Line 81: @@
 |30=
 |31=
+}}
-}}</center>
-{{ahnentafel bottom}}
 ==Footnotes==
@@ Line 76: / Line 87: @@
 ==Sources==
-*Dimnik, Martin: ''The Dynasty of Chernigov - 1146-1246''; Cambridge University Press, 2003, Cambridge; ISBN 978-0-521-03981-9.
+*Dimnik, Martin: ''The Dynasty of Chernigov - 1146-1246''; Cambridge University Press, 2003, Cambridge; {{ISBN|978-0-521-03981-9}}.
-*Vernadsky, George: ''Kievan Russia''; Yale University Press, 1948, New Haven and London; ISBN 0-300-01647-6.
+*Vernadsky, George: ''Kievan Russia''; Yale University Press, 1948, New Haven and London; {{ISBN|0-300-01647-6}}.
 {{s-start}}
 {{succession box |title=[[Principality of Chernigov|Prince of Kozelsk]]|before=''(Part of the Principality of Chernigov)''|years=1194–1223|after=''Unknown''}}
-{{succession box |title=[[Principality of Novgorod-Seversk|Prince of Novgorod-Seversk]] |before=[[Vladimir III Igorevich|Vladimir Igorevich]]|years=1206–1219|after=[[Michael of Chernigov|Mikhail Vsevolodovich]]}}
+{{succession box |title=[[Prince of Novgorod-Seversk]] |before=[[Vladimir III Igorevich|Vladimir Igorevich]]|years=1206–1219|after=[[Michael of Chernigov]]}}
-{{succession box |title=[[Principality of Chernigov|Prince of Chernigov]]|before=[[Gleb Svyatoslavich (Prince of Chernigov)|Gleb Svyatoslavich]]|years=1215/1220–1223|after=[[Michael of Chernigov|Mikhail Vsevolodovich]]}}
+{{succession box |title=[[Prince of Chernigov]]|before=[[Gleb Svyatoslavich (Prince of Chernigov)|Gleb Svyatoslavich]]|years=1215/1220–1223|after=[[Michael of Chernigov]]}}
 {{s-end}}
-[[Category:12th-century princes in Rus'‎]]
+[[Category:12th-century princes from Kievan Rus']]
 [[Category:Olgovichi family]]
 [[Category:Princes of Chernigov]]
-[[Category:Orthodox monarchs]]
+[[Category:Eastern Orthodox monarchs]]
-[[Category:13th-century princes in Rus']]
+[[Category:13th-century princes from Kievan Rus']]
 [[Category:1223 deaths]]
 [[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]