Orval Abbey: Difference between revisions
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{{other uses|Orval (disambiguation)}} |
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| ⚫ | '''Orval Abbey''' (Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Orval) is a [[Cistercian]] [[monastery]] founded in 1132 in the [[Gaume]] region of [[Belgium]] |
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| ⚫ | '''Orval Abbey''' (Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Orval) is a [[Cistercian]] [[monastery]] founded in 1132 in the [[Gaume]] region of [[Belgium]], located in Villers-devant-Orval, part of [[Florenville]], [[Wallonia]] in the province of [[Luxembourg (province of Belgium)|Luxembourg]]. The abbey is well known for its history and spiritual life but also for its local production of the [[Trappist beer]] [[Brasserie d'Orval|Orval]] and a specific cheese. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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=== First foundation === |
=== First foundation === |
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[[File:Orval-entryview-winter20032004.png|right|thumb |
[[File:Orval-entryview-winter20032004.png|right|thumb|Entry to Orval Abbey via the guest house.]] |
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The site has been occupied since the [[Merovingian]] period, and there is evidence that there was already a chapel here in the 10th century. |
The site has been occupied since the [[Merovingian]] period, and there is evidence that there was already a chapel here in the 10th century. Around 1070, a group of [[Order of St. Benedict|Benedictine]] [[monk]]s from [[Calabria]] settled here, at the invitation of [[Arnold I, Count of Chiny]], and [[Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg|Conrad I]], [[Count of Luxembourg]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Luxembourg in the Middle Ages |first=John A.|last=Gades |publisher=Brill |year=1951|page=56 }}</ref> and began construction of a church and a monastery, but after some forty years, possibly because of the death of Count Arnould, they moved away again. They were replaced by a community of [[Canon (priest)|Canons Regular]],<ref name=ott>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11331b.htm Ott, Michael. "Orval." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911 {{PD-notice}}</ref> who completed the construction work: the abbey church was consecrated on 30 September 1124. |
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In 1132, a group of Cistercian monks from [[Trois-Fontaines Abbey]] in [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]] arrived, and the two groups formed a single community within the [[Cistercian Order]], under the first abbot, Constantin. |
In 1132, a group of Cistercian monks from [[Trois-Fontaines Abbey]] in [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]] arrived, and the two groups formed a single community within the [[Cistercian Order]], under the first abbot, Constantin.<ref name=ott/> |
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Around 1252, the monastery was destroyed by a fire; the rebuilding took around 100 years. |
Around 1252, the monastery was destroyed by a fire; the rebuilding took around 100 years. [[Wenceslaus I, Duke of Luxembourg|Wenceslaus I]] was buried here in 1383. |
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In the literary field the monks of Orval did not much distinguish themselves. The only noteworthy writer was Aegidius or Gilles d'Orval, who lived in the first half of the thirteenth century. He wrote the continuation, to the year 1251, of the "Gesta Pontificum Leodiensium", which had been written up to the year 1048 by Heriger of Lobbes and Anselm of Liège |
In the literary field the monks of Orval did not much distinguish themselves. The only noteworthy writer was Aegidius or Gilles d'Orval, who lived in the first half of the thirteenth century. He wrote the continuation, to the year 1251, of the "Gesta Pontificum Leodiensium", which had been written up to the year 1048 by Heriger of Lobbes and Anselm of Liège.<ref name=ott/> |
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During the 15th and 16th centuries, the various wars between [[France]] and various neighbouring regions ([[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]], [[Spain]]) had an important impact on Orval. At one stage a foundry was established on the site. In 1637, during the [[Thirty Years' War]], the abbey was pillaged and burnt by French mercenaries. |
During the 15th and 16th centuries, the various wars between [[France]] and various neighbouring regions ([[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]], [[Spain]]) had an important impact on Orval. At one stage a foundry was established on the site. In 1637, during the [[Thirty Years' War]], the abbey was pillaged and burnt by French mercenaries.<ref name=ardennes/> |
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In the 17th century, the abbey converted to the [[Trappist]] branch of the Cistercian order, but reverted to the Rule of the main order in around 1785. |
In the 17th century, the abbey converted to the [[Trappist]] branch of the Cistercian order, but reverted to the Rule of the main order in around 1785. In 1793, during the [[French Revolution]], the abbey was completely burnt down by French forces, in retaliation for the hospitality it had provided to [[Austria]]n troops, and the community forcibly dispersed.<ref name=ardennes/> |
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In 1793, during the [[French Revolution]], the abbey was completely burnt down by French forces, in retaliation for the hospitality it had provided to [[Austria]]n troops, and the community dispersed. |
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=== Second foundation === |
=== Second foundation === |
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In 1887, the land and ruins were acquired by the Harenne family. They donated the lands to the Cistercian order in 1926 so that monastic life could resume on the site. Between 1926 and 1948, under the direction of the Trappist monk Marie-Albert van der Cruyssen, the new monastery was constructed, and in |
In 1887, the land and ruins were acquired by the Harenne family. They donated the lands to the Cistercian order in 1926 so that monastic life could resume on the site. Between 1926 and 1948, under the direction of the Trappist monk [[Marie-Albert van der Cruyssen]], the new monastery was constructed, and in 1936 Orval regained the rank of abbey.<ref>[https://religiana.com/orval-abbey "Orval Abbey", Religiana]</ref> On 8 September 1948, the new church was consecrated. The abbey has many artifacts designed and produced by [[Colruyt family|Camille Colruyt]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://editiepajot.com/regios/7/articles/2949|title = HALLE/ ORVAL - Camille Colruyt in de Abdij van Orval}}</ref> |
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The ruins of the medieval buildings remain on the site and are available to view. |
The medieval tradition of brewing beer at the Abbey was revived in 1931 to generate funds for the rebuilding. The ruins of the medieval buildings remain on the site and are available to view. |
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== Abbots of Orval Abbey == |
== Abbots of Orval Abbey == |
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* 1936 |
* 1936–1950: [[Marie-Albert van der Cruyssen]] |
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* 1950 |
* 1950–1966: [[Vincent de Paul Sonthonnax]] |
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* 1966 |
* 1966–1967: Raphaël Boulet |
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* 1967 |
* 1967–1971: François-Xavier Hanin |
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* 1971 |
* 1971–1980: Étienne Gillard |
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* 1980 |
* 1980–1981: Denis Debusschere |
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* 1982 |
* 1982–1984: Jacques Bernier |
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* 1984 |
* 1984–1988: Paul Barbe |
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* 1988 |
* 1988–1999: Éric Dion |
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* 1999 |
* 1999–2003: Matthieu Cauwe |
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* 2003 |
* 2003–2007: Jean Kremer |
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* 2007 |
* 2007–2019: [[Lode Van Hecke]] |
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== The legend of Orval == |
== The legend of Orval == |
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There is a legend of the abbey's foundation, purporting to explain the name '"Orval" and the coat of arms. According to this, the widowed [[Mathilda of Tuscany]] was visiting the site, when she lost her wedding ring in a spring, to her great distress. When she prayed for the return of the ring, a trout appeared on the surface of the water with the ring in its mouth. She exclaimed "Truly this place is a ''Val d'Or'' (Golden Valley)", from which the name "Orval" is derived, and in gratitude made available the funds for the foundation of the monastery here. The abbey arms show the trout and ring. The spring still supplies water to the monastery and its brewery. |
There is a legend of the abbey's foundation, purporting to explain the name '"Orval" and the coat of arms. According to this, the widowed [[Mathilda of Tuscany]] was visiting the site, when she lost her wedding ring in a spring, to her great distress. When she prayed for the return of the ring, a trout appeared on the surface of the water with the ring in its mouth. She exclaimed "Truly this place is a ''Val d'Or'' (Golden Valley)", from which the name "Orval" is derived, and in gratitude made available the funds for the foundation of the monastery here.<ref>[https://www.orval.be/en/page/459-legend-of-orval "Legend of Orval", Orval Abbey]</ref> The abbey arms show the trout and ring. The spring still supplies water to the monastery and its brewery.<ref name=ardennes>[https://www.visitardenne.com/en/best-ardennes/iconic-sites/orval-abbey "Orval Abbey", EEIG Ardennes]</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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* {{cite book|last1=Tillière|first1=Nicolas |last2=Canivez|first2=Joseph |title=Histoire de l'Abbaye d'Orval|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PlUPAQAAIAAJ|year=1927|publisher=J. Duculot|language=French}} |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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== External links == |
== External links == |
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{{coord|49|38|23|N|5|20|56|E|region:BE_type:landmark|display=title}} |
{{coord|49|38|23|N|5|20|56|E|region:BE_type:landmark|display=title}} |
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{{Catholic Church in Belgium}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Ruined abbeys and monasteries]] |
[[Category:Ruined abbeys and monasteries]] |
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[[Category:Florenville]] |
[[Category:Florenville]] |
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[[Category:Cistercian monasteries in Belgium]] |
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Latest revision as of 16:12, 25 May 2024
Orval Abbey (Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Orval) is a Cistercian monastery founded in 1132 in the Gaume region of Belgium, located in Villers-devant-Orval, part of Florenville, Wallonia in the province of Luxembourg. The abbey is well known for its history and spiritual life but also for its local production of the Trappist beer Orval and a specific cheese.
History
[edit]First foundation
[edit]
The site has been occupied since the Merovingian period, and there is evidence that there was already a chapel here in the 10th century. Around 1070, a group of Benedictine monks from Calabria settled here, at the invitation of Arnold I, Count of Chiny, and Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg,[1] and began construction of a church and a monastery, but after some forty years, possibly because of the death of Count Arnould, they moved away again. They were replaced by a community of Canons Regular,[2] who completed the construction work: the abbey church was consecrated on 30 September 1124.
In 1132, a group of Cistercian monks from Trois-Fontaines Abbey in Champagne arrived, and the two groups formed a single community within the Cistercian Order, under the first abbot, Constantin.[2]
Around 1252, the monastery was destroyed by a fire; the rebuilding took around 100 years. Wenceslaus I was buried here in 1383.
In the literary field the monks of Orval did not much distinguish themselves. The only noteworthy writer was Aegidius or Gilles d'Orval, who lived in the first half of the thirteenth century. He wrote the continuation, to the year 1251, of the "Gesta Pontificum Leodiensium", which had been written up to the year 1048 by Heriger of Lobbes and Anselm of Liège.[2]
During the 15th and 16th centuries, the various wars between France and various neighbouring regions (Burgundy, Spain) had an important impact on Orval. At one stage a foundry was established on the site. In 1637, during the Thirty Years' War, the abbey was pillaged and burnt by French mercenaries.[3]
In the 17th century, the abbey converted to the Trappist branch of the Cistercian order, but reverted to the Rule of the main order in around 1785. In 1793, during the French Revolution, the abbey was completely burnt down by French forces, in retaliation for the hospitality it had provided to Austrian troops, and the community forcibly dispersed.[3]
Second foundation
[edit]In 1887, the land and ruins were acquired by the Harenne family. They donated the lands to the Cistercian order in 1926 so that monastic life could resume on the site. Between 1926 and 1948, under the direction of the Trappist monk Marie-Albert van der Cruyssen, the new monastery was constructed, and in 1936 Orval regained the rank of abbey.[4] On 8 September 1948, the new church was consecrated. The abbey has many artifacts designed and produced by Camille Colruyt.[5]
The medieval tradition of brewing beer at the Abbey was revived in 1931 to generate funds for the rebuilding. The ruins of the medieval buildings remain on the site and are available to view.
Abbots of Orval Abbey
[edit]- 1936–1950: Marie-Albert van der Cruyssen
- 1950–1966: Vincent de Paul Sonthonnax
- 1966–1967: Raphaël Boulet
- 1967–1971: François-Xavier Hanin
- 1971–1980: Étienne Gillard
- 1980–1981: Denis Debusschere
- 1982–1984: Jacques Bernier
- 1984–1988: Paul Barbe
- 1988–1999: Éric Dion
- 1999–2003: Matthieu Cauwe
- 2003–2007: Jean Kremer
- 2007–2019: Lode Van Hecke
The legend of Orval
[edit]There is a legend of the abbey's foundation, purporting to explain the name '"Orval" and the coat of arms. According to this, the widowed Mathilda of Tuscany was visiting the site, when she lost her wedding ring in a spring, to her great distress. When she prayed for the return of the ring, a trout appeared on the surface of the water with the ring in its mouth. She exclaimed "Truly this place is a Val d'Or (Golden Valley)", from which the name "Orval" is derived, and in gratitude made available the funds for the foundation of the monastery here.[6] The abbey arms show the trout and ring. The spring still supplies water to the monastery and its brewery.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Gades, John A. (1951). Luxembourg in the Middle Ages. Brill. p. 56.
- ^ a b c Ott, Michael. "Orval." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c "Orval Abbey", EEIG Ardennes
- ^ "Orval Abbey", Religiana
- ^ "HALLE/ ORVAL - Camille Colruyt in de Abdij van Orval".
- ^ "Legend of Orval", Orval Abbey
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
External links
[edit]
- Orval Abbey website
- Abbey of the Trappists, Orval in ODIS - Online Database for Intermediary Structures
- Brewery
49°38′23″N 5°20′56″E / 49.63972°N 5.34889°E
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Geographic | |
| Artists | |
| Other | |
- Ruined Christian monasteries in Belgium
- Christian monasteries in Luxembourg (Belgium)
- Wallonia's Major Heritage
- Trappist monasteries in Belgium
- 1132 establishments in Europe
- Religious organizations established in the 1130s
- Christian monasteries established in the 12th century
- Neoclassical architecture in Belgium
- Ruined abbeys and monasteries
- Florenville
- Cistercian monasteries in Belgium