Jump to content

Duke of Newcastle: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Clean up/copyedit
m Reverted good faith edits by Rampton Road (talk): Not correct; the title was spelled "Lyne"
 
(30 intermediate revisions by 16 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Dukedom in the Peerage of Great Britain}}
{{about|the title in the Peerage of England|the British prime minister|Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle}}

{{about|the peerage title|the British prime minister|Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2018}}
{{Use British English|date=December 2018}}
{{More footnotes|date=December 2018}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox nobility title
{{Infobox nobility title
| name = Dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne
| name = Dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne
| creation_date = {{Ubl
| creation_date = 1665 <small>(first creation)</small><br>1694 <small>(second creation)</small><br>1715 <small>(third creation)</small>
|1665 {{Small|(first creation)}}
| monarch = [[Charles II of England|Charles II]] <small>(first creation)</small><br>[[William III of England|William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Mary II]] <small>(second creation)</small><br>[[George I of Great Britain|George I]] <small>(third creation)</small>
|1694 {{Small|(second creation)}}
| peerage = [[Peerage of England]] <small>(first creation)</small><br>[[Peerage of Great Britain]] <small>(second and third creation)</small>
|1715 {{Small|(third creation)}}
| remainder_to = the 1st Duke's [[Line of hereditary succession|heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten<br>[[Remainder (law)#Special remainder in peerages|Special remainder]] for the third creation
}}
| extinction_date = 1691 <small>(first creation)</small><br>1711 <small>(second creation)</small><br>1768 <small>(third creation)</small>
| monarch = {{Ubl
|[[Charles II of England|Charles II]] {{Small|(first creation)}}
|[[William III of England|William III]] and [[Mary II of England|Mary II]] {{Small|(second creation)}}
|[[George I of Great Britain|George I]] {{Small|(third creation)}}
}}
| peerage = {{Ubl
|[[Peerage of England]] {{Small|(first creation)}}
|[[Peerage of Great Britain]] {{Small|(second and third creation)}}
}}
| remainder_to = the 1st Duke's [[Line of hereditary succession|heirs male]] [[heirs of the body|of the body]] lawfully begotten{{Break}}[[Remainder (law)#Special remainder in peerages|Special remainder]] for the third creation
| extinction_date = {{Ubl
|1691 {{Small|(first creation)}}
|1711 {{Small|(second creation)}}
|1768 {{Small|(third creation)}}
}}
}}
}}
{{Infobox nobility title
{{Infobox nobility title
| name = Dukedom of Newcastle-under-Lyne
| name = Dukedom of Newcastle-under-Lyne
| image = Shield of arms of Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne KG, PC.png
| image_size =
| caption = Arms of the [[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle|5th Duke of Newcastle]]
| creation_date = 1756
| creation_date = 1756
| monarch = [[George II of Great Britain|George II]]
| monarch = [[George II of Great Britain|George II]]
Line 23: Line 37:
| remainder_to = [[Remainder (law)#Special remainder in peerages|Special remainder]]
| remainder_to = [[Remainder (law)#Special remainder in peerages|Special remainder]]
| extinction_date = 1988
| extinction_date = 1988
| family_seat = [[Clumber Park]]
| family_seat = [[Clumber Park]]
}}
}}
'''Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne''' was a title that was created three times. The title first was conferred in 1665 when [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle|William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne]], was made Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne. He was a prominent Royalist commander in the [[English Civil War|Civil War]].


'''Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne''' was a title that was created three times, once in the [[Peerage of England]] and twice in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]]. The first grant of the title was made in 1665 to [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle|William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne]].<ref>
The related title of '''Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne''' {{sic}}<ref>Despite the name of the town being [[Newcastle-under-Lyme]] with an "m", the dukedom was created as Lyne with an "n". There is no known satisfactory explanation for the discrepancy, which may have been an error. If it was an error, however, that error has perpetuated itself in numerous sources, including peerage catalogues.</ref> was created once in 1756 for [[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle|Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne]], to provide a slightly more remote [[Remainder (law)#Special remainder in peerages|special remainder]]. The title became extinct in 1988, a year that saw the deaths of the distantly related ninth and tenth Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne.
{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Newcastle, Dukes of|volume=19|pages=470–471}}</ref> He was a prominent [[Cavalier|Royalist]] commander during the [[English Civil War|Civil War]].


The related title of '''Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne'''{{sic}}<ref>Despite the name of the town being [[Newcastle-under-Lyme]] with an "m", the dukedom was created as Lyne with an "n". There is no known satisfactory explanation for the discrepancy, which may have been an error. If it was an error, however, that error has perpetuated itself in numerous sources, including peerage catalogues.</ref> was created once in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was conferred in 1756 on [[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle|Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne]] (of the third creation), to provide a slightly more remote [[Remainder (law)#Special remainder in peerages|special remainder]]. The title became extinct in 1988, a year that saw the deaths of the distantly related ninth and tenth Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne.
==Details of each creation==
;Family background
[[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle]], was a son of [[Charles Cavendish (1553–1617)|Charles Cavendish]] and his second wife Catherine Ogle, 8th Baroness Ogle. Her father was Cuthbert Ogle, 7th [[Baron Ogle]]. Charles Cavendish was the third son of [[William Cavendish (courtier)|Sir William Cavendish]] and his wife [[Bess of Hardwick]]. One of Charles Cavendish's elder brothers became the [[William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire|1st Earl of Devonshire]] (see [[Duke of Devonshire]] for further history about this branch of the family).


== Creations ==
;Details of first creation
William Cavendish became '''Viscount Mansfield''' in 1620, as well as '''Baron Cavendish of Bolsover''' and '''Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne''' in 1621. He succeeded his mother as ninth Baron Ogle in 1629, and he became '''Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne''' in 1643. He was elevated to the dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1665. He also was granted the title of '''Earl of Ogle''' as a [[subsidiary title]] for the [[wikt:dukedom|dukedom]], to be used as a [[courtesy title]] by his [[heir apparent]]. Upon his death in 1676, he was succeeded by his son, the second Duke, who was a politician. However, the second Duke's only son and heir apparent (Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle) predeceased him. Upon the second Duke's death in 1691, all of the titles became extinct except the barony of Ogle, which fell into [[abeyance]] between his four daughters (one of whom was [[Elizabeth Monck, Duchess of Albemarle|Lady Elizabeth Cavendish]]).


;Details of second creation
=== First creation (1665) ===
[[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle]], was a son of [[Charles Cavendish (1553–1617)|Charles Cavendish]], himself the third son of [[William Cavendish (courtier)|Sir William Cavendish]] and his wife [[Bess of Hardwick]]. One of Charles Cavendish's elder brothers became the [[William Cavendish, 1st Earl of Devonshire|1st Earl of Devonshire]] (see [[Duke of Devonshire]] for further history about this branch of the family).
One of the second Duke's daughters, Lady Margaret Cavendish, married [[John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare]]. In 1694, the dukedom was revived when he was created '''Marquess of Clare''' and '''Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne'''. The Holles family descended from [[John Holles, 1st Earl of Clare|John Holles]], who was created '''Baron Haughton''', of [[Haughton, Nottinghamshire|Haughton]] in Nottinghamshire, in 1616 and '''Earl of Clare''' in 1624. His second son was a politician, [[Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles]]. Lord Clare was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented [[East Retford (UK Parliament constituency)|East Retford]], Nottinghamshire, in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] and served as [[Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire]]. His son, the third Earl, was briefly [[Member of Parliament|MP]] for [[Nottinghamshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Nottinghamshire]] in 1660. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned fourth Earl, who was raised to [[Duke]] in 1694; together with Lady Margaret, he had one daughter but no sons and on his death in 1711, all his titles became extinct.


The first duke, William Cavendish, was the son of Charles Cavendish and his second wife Catherine Ogle, 8th Baroness Ogle, daughter of Cuthbert Ogle, 7th [[Baron Ogle]]. William Cavendish became '''Viscount Mansfield''' in 1620, and in 1621, he was created '''Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne''' and '''Baron Cavendish of Bolsover'''. He succeeded his mother as ninth Baron Ogle in 1629, and he became '''Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne''' in 1643. He was elevated to the dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1665. He also was granted the title of '''Earl of Ogle''' as a [[subsidiary title]] for the [[wikt:dukedom|dukedom]], to be used as a [[courtesy title]] by his [[heir apparent]]. Upon his death in 1676, he was succeeded by his son, the second Duke, who was a politician. However, the second Duke's only son and heir apparent (Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle) predeceased him. Therefore, upon the second Duke's death in 1691, all of these many titles became extinct, except the barony of Ogle, which fell into [[abeyance]] between the second duke's four daughters (one of whom was [[Elizabeth Monck, Duchess of Albemarle|Lady Elizabeth Cavendish]]).
;Third creation and Newcastle-under-Lyne additional title with special remainder

[[File:1stDukeOfNewcastleOld.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle]] and [[Prime Minister of Great Britain]]]]
=== Second creation (1694) ===
The Duke's sister, Lady Grace Holles (died 1700), married [[Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham]] (see [[Earl of Chichester]] for earlier history of the Pelham family). Their elder son [[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle|Thomas]], upon his uncle's death in 1711, succeeded to the substantial Holles estates and assumed by Royal Licence the additional [[surname]] and [[coat of arms|arms]] of Holles. In 1714, the earldom of Clare was revived when he was created '''Viscount Haughton''' and '''Earl of Clare''', with remainder to his younger brother [[Henry Pelham]]. The following year, the dukedom was revived when he was made '''Marquess of Clare''' and '''Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne''', with like [[Remainder (law)#Special remainder in peerages|special remainder]]. These titles were in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]]. In 1756, when his brother died without male issue and it was evident that the Duke would have no children, the Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was additionally created '''Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne''' {{sic}} with a different special remainder: to his nephew-by-marriage [[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle|Henry Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln]], who rapidly took on the additional surname Pelham. (For the history of this title from the 1768 inheritance upon the 1st Duke's death, see [[Earl of Lincoln]].) The 1st Duke's other titles became extinct, except for the Pelham [[baronetcy]] (of Laughton) and the [[baron]]y of Pelham (of Stanmer), which devolved to his first cousin once-removed, [[Thomas Pelham, 1st Earl of Chichester|Thomas Pelham]]. (For the history of these titles, see [[Earl of Chichester]].)
The second Duke's third daughter, Lady Margaret Cavendish (1661-1717), married [[John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare]], who was incidentally her first cousin, her mother's sister's son. In 1694, the dukedom was revived when he was created '''Marquess of Clare''' and '''Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne'''. The Holles family descended from [[John Holles, 1st Earl of Clare|John Holles]], who was created '''Baron Haughton''', of [[Haughton, Nottinghamshire|Haughton]] in Nottinghamshire, in 1616 and '''Earl of Clare''' in 1624. His second son was a politician, [[Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles]]. Lord Clare was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented [[East Retford (UK Parliament constituency)|East Retford]], Nottinghamshire, in the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] and served as [[Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire]]. His son, the third Earl, was briefly [[Member of Parliament|MP]] for [[Nottinghamshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Nottinghamshire]] in 1660. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned fourth Earl of Clare, who married a daughter of the second Duke of Newcastle. In 1694, three years after the title became extinct, the Dukedom of Newcastle was revived and granted to the late Duke's son-in-law. The new duke of Newcastle and his wife, Lady Margaret, had only one daughter and no sons. Therefore, on his death in 1711, all his titles became extinct.

=== Third creation (1715) and Newcastle-under-Lyne (1756) ===
[[File:1stDukeOfNewcastleOld.jpg|thumb|[[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle]] and [[Prime Minister of Great Britain]]]]
The Duke's sister, Lady Grace Holles (died 1700), married [[Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham]] (see [[Earl of Chichester]] for earlier history of the Pelham family). Their elder son [[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle|Thomas]], upon his uncle's death in 1711, succeeded to the substantial Holles estates and assumed by Royal Licence the additional [[surname]] and [[coat of arms|arms]] of Holles. In 1714, the earldom of Clare was revived when he was created '''Viscount Haughton''' and '''Earl of Clare''', with remainder to his younger brother [[Henry Pelham]]. The following year, the dukedom was revived when he was made '''Marquess of Clare''' and '''Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne''', with like [[Remainder (law)#Special remainder in peerages|special remainder]]. These titles were in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]]. In 1756, when his brother died without male issue and it was evident that the Duke would have no children, the Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was additionally created '''Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne'''{{sic}} with a different special remainder: to his nephew-by-marriage [[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle|Henry Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln]], who rapidly took on the additional surname Pelham. (For the history of this title from the 1768 inheritance upon the 1st Duke's death, see [[Earl of Lincoln]].) The 1st Duke's other titles became extinct, except for the Pelham [[baronetcy]] (of Laughton) and the [[baron]]y of Pelham (of Stanmer), which devolved to his first cousin once-removed, [[Thomas Pelham, 1st Earl of Chichester|Thomas Pelham]]. (For the history of these titles, see [[Earl of Chichester]].)


Extensive personal, transaction and estate papers of the dukes are held in the [[Duke of Portland|Portland]] ([[Welbeck Abbey|Welbeck]]) and [[Earl of Lincoln|Newcastle]] ([[Clumber Park|Clumber]]) collections at the [[University of Nottingham]]'s [[Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham|Department of Manuscripts and Special Collections]].
Extensive personal, transaction and estate papers of the dukes are held in the [[Duke of Portland|Portland]] ([[Welbeck Abbey|Welbeck]]) and [[Earl of Lincoln|Newcastle]] ([[Clumber Park|Clumber]]) collections at the [[University of Nottingham]]'s [[Manuscripts and Special Collections, The University of Nottingham|Department of Manuscripts and Special Collections]].
Line 47: Line 63:
==Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, first creation (1665)==
==Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, first creation (1665)==
:''also Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne (1643), Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne (1628), Viscount Mansfield (1620) and [[Baron Ogle]] (1461)''
:''also Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne (1643), Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne (1628), Viscount Mansfield (1620) and [[Baron Ogle]] (1461)''
*[[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle]] (1592–1676) was a [[Cavalier]] commander in the [[English Civil War]]
* [[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle]] (1592–1676), was a [[Cavalier]] commander in the [[English Civil War]]
*[[Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle]] (1630–1691), only surviving son of the 1st Duke, died without surviving male issue
* [[Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle]] (1630–1691), only surviving son of the 1st Duke, died without surviving male issue
** daughter married 4th Earl of Clare (see below)


==Earls of Clare (1624)==
==Earls of Clare (1624)==
:''also Baron Haughton (1616)''
:''also Baron Haughton (1616)''
*[[John Holles, 1st Earl of Clare]] (1564–1637) was [[Comptroller of the Household]] to [[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales]]
* [[John Holles, 1st Earl of Clare]] (1564–1637), was [[Comptroller of the Household]] to [[Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales]]
*[[John Holles, 2nd Earl of Clare]] (1595–1666), eldest son of the 1st Earl
* [[John Holles, 2nd Earl of Clare]] (1595–1666), eldest son of the 1st Earl
*[[Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare]] (1633–1689), second (eldest adult) son of the 2nd Earl
* [[Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare]] (1633–1689), second (eldest adult) son of the 2nd Earl
*[[John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare]] (1662–1711), eldest son of the 3rd Earl, was created Duke in 1694
* [[John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle|John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare]] (1662–1711), eldest son of the 3rd Earl; created Duke in 1694 (see section below)
**married [[Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|Lady Margaret Cavendish]], daughter of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of the first creation
** married [[Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|Lady Margaret Cavendish]], daughter of Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of the first creation


==Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, second creation (1694)==
==Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, second creation (1694)==
:''also Earl of Clare (1624) and Baron Haughton (1616)''
:''also Earl of Clare (1624) and Baron Haughton (1616)''
*[[John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle]] (1662–1711) died without male issue, and his titles became extinct
* [[John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle]] (1662–1711), died without male issue and his titles became extinct


==Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, third creation (1715)==
==Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, third creation (1715)==
:''also [[Earl of Clare]] (1714), Baron Pelham of Laughton (1706), Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1762) and [[Earl of Chichester#Pelham baronets, of Laughton (1611)|Pelham Baronet, of Laughton]] (1611)''
:''also [[Earl of Clare]] (1714), Baron Pelham of Laughton (1706), Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1762) and [[Earl of Chichester#Pelham baronets, of Laughton (1611)|Pelham Baronet, of Laughton]] (1611)''
*[[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle]] (1693–1768), Prime Minister twice, a nephew of John Holles, 1st Duke of the second creation, died without male issue. At this point his father's baronetcy and barony of 1706, his own earldom and dukedom of 1715 became extinct.
* [[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle|Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne]] (1693–1768), Prime Minister twice, a nephew of John Holles (above). He died without male issue. At this point, his father's baronetcy and barony of 1706, his own earldom and the dukedom of 1715 became extinct.


==Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne (1756)==
==Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne (1756)==
:''1st Duke: also Duke of Newcastle-upon-Tyne (1715), Earl of Clare (1714), Baron Pelham of Laughton (1706), Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1762) and [[Earl of Chichester#Pelham baronets, of Laughton (1611)|Pelham Baronet, of Laughton]] (1611)''
:''1st Duke: also Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (1715), Earl of Clare (1714), Baron Pelham of Laughton (1706), Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1762) and [[Earl of Chichester#Pelham baronets, of Laughton (1611)|Pelham Baronet, of Laughton]] (1611)''
*[[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle]] (1693–1768) (above) was granted this second Newcastle dukedom, with remainder to his nephew
* [[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle|Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1693–1768), same as above, was granted this second Newcastle dukedom, with remainder to his nephew
*[[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne|Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1720–1794), nephew of the 1st Duke
* [[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne|Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln, 2nd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1720–1794), nephew of the 1st Duke
**George Pelham-Clinton, [[Baron Clinton|Lord Clinton]] (1745–1752), eldest son of the 2nd Duke, died young
** George Pelham-Clinton, [[Baron Clinton|Lord Clinton]] (1745–1752), eldest son of the 2nd Duke, died young
**[[Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln|Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton]], [[Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom|Earl of Lincoln]] (1750–1778), second son of the 2nd Duke
** [[Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln|Henry Fiennes Pelham-Clinton]], [[Courtesy titles in the United Kingdom|Earl of Lincoln]] (1750–1778), second son of the 2nd Duke
***Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln (1777–1779; ''styled'' Lord Clinton until 1778), only son of Lord Lincoln, died young
*** Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln (1777–1779; ''styled'' Lord Clinton until 1778), only son of Lord Lincoln, died young
*[[Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle|Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1752–1795), third son of the 2nd Duke
* [[Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle|Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1752–1795), third son of the 2nd Duke
*[[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1785–1851), eldest son of the 3rd Duke
* [[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1785–1851), eldest son of the 3rd Duke
*[[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1811–1864), eldest son of the 4th Duke
* [[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1811–1864), eldest son of the 4th Duke
*[[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham Alexander Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1834–1879), eldest son of the 5th Duke
* [[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham Alexander Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1834–1879), eldest son of the 5th Duke
*[[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham Archibald Douglas Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1864–1928), eldest son of the 6th Duke, died without issue
* [[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham Archibald Douglas Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1864–1928), eldest son of the 6th Duke, died without issue
*[[Francis Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1866–1941), second and youngest son of the 6th Duke
* [[Francis Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Francis Hope Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1866–1941), second and youngest son of the 6th Duke
*[[Henry Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Edward Hugh Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1907–1988), only son of the 8th Duke, died without male issue
* [[Henry Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Edward Hugh Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1907–1988), only son of the 8th Duke, died without male issue
*[[Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle|Edward Charles Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1920–1988), great-grandson of [[Lord Charles Clinton|Lord Charles Pelham Pelham-Clinton]], second son of the 4th Duke. On his death also in 1988 the dukedom ceased to have patrilineal heirs so became extinct.
* [[Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle|Edward Charles Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne]] (1920–1988), great-grandson of [[Lord Charles Clinton|Lord Charles Pelham Pelham-Clinton]], second son of the 4th Duke. On his death in 1988, the dukedom ceased to have patrilineal heirs and thus became extinct.


:''see also [[Earl of Lincoln]]''
:''see also [[Earl of Lincoln]]''


==Principal seats and abodes==
==Principal seats and abodes==
{{Annotated image|image=1764_Gentleman%27s_Magazine_Map_of_London_and_Environs_-_Geographicus_-_London-gentsmag-1764.jpg|image-width=2000|image-left=-120|image-top=-1650|width=150|height=150|float=right|caption=''Gentleman's Magazine:{{Break}}Map of London & Environs'', 1764}}


===England===
{{Annotated image
[[File:Clumber Park Jones.jpg|thumb|left|[[Clumber Park]]]]
| image = 1764_Gentleman%27s_Magazine_Map_of_London_and_Environs_-_Geographicus_-_London-gentsmag-1764.jpg
* [[Clumber Park]], also known as Clumber Park Lodge, spanning Clumber and Worksop, Nottinghamshire, from 1709 until 1938, when the house was demolished.
| image-width = 2000 <!-- choose any width, as you like it. It doesn't matter the factual width of the image-->
* [[Boyton, Wiltshire|Boyton Manor]], Wiltshire, bought in the 1950s and sold about 1980.
| image-left = -120 <!-- crop the left part. Be aware of the "-" minus symbol -->
* Newcastle House, [[Lincoln's Inn Fields]], London, briefly in the 18th century.<ref>'London', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. [[Samuel Lewis (publisher)|Samuel Lewis]] (London, 1848), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp129-170, pp. 129-170]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, at British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.</ref>
| image-top = -1650 <!-- crop the upper part. Be aware of the "-" minus symbol -->
* [[Claremont (country house)|Claremont]], Esher, north Surrey, from 1714 to 1768.
| width = 150 <!-- crop the right part. That will be the width of the image in the article -->
* A house on part of the site of the dismantled [[Nottingham Castle]], which was on the rejection of "the Reform Bill" by the Lords set on fire by a mob, at which time it had for many years been divided into separate dwellings.<ref>'Nottingham', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp446-461, pp. 446-461]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.</ref>
| height = 150 <!-- crop the below part. That will be the height of the image in the article -->
* The 6th Duke inherited the Hope mansion of [[Deepdene House and Gardens|Deepdene House]], [[Dorking]], Surrey, which was sold by the 8th Duke.
| float = right
| annotations = <!-- empty or not, this parameter must be included -->
| caption = ''Gentleman's Magazine:<br>Map of London & Environs'', 1764}}


===Wales===
;England
[[File:Clumber Park Jones.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Clumber Park]]]]
[[File:Hafod, South Wales.jpeg|thumb|Hafod Uchtryd]]
* One duke bought the retreat of Cwm Elain, Dyfryn-Elain, Cwm-Toyddwr, [[Radnorshire]], from [[Robert Peel|Sir Robert Peel]]. It had been sold off by 1849.<ref>Samuel Lewis, 'Dyfryn-Elain', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/wales/pp317-320, pp. 317-320]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.</ref>
*[[Clumber Park|Clumber Park, also known as Clumber Park Lodge]], spanning Clumber and Worksop, [[Nottinghamshire]], from 1709 until 1938, when the house was demolished.
* The heirs of [[Thomas Johnes]] (died 1816) sold [[Hafod Uchtryd]], in [[Cardiganshire]], together with its estate on the Ystwith, to the 4th Duke. The process of sale took from 1831 until 1833, and the price was £70,000. The Duke spent £20,000 on the property, including adding the Havod Arms Inn, four miles from the house in [[Llanfihangel y Creuddyn]]. In 1846, he sold the estate for £95,000 to Henry Hoghton.<ref>Samuel Lewis, 'Cardiganshire', in ''A Topographical Dictionary of Wales'' (London, 1849), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/wales/pp158-180, pp. 158-180]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.</ref><ref>Samuel Lewis, 'Edern - Eidda', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/wales/pp320-328, pp. 320-328]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.</ref><ref>Samuel Lewis, 'Llanvihangel', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/wales/pp129-147, pp. 129-147]{{Dead link|date=February 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.</ref>
*Newcastle House, [[Lincolns Inn Fields]], London, briefly in the 18th century<ref>'London', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. [[Samuel Lewis (publisher)|Samuel Lewis]] (London, 1848), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp129-170, pp. 129-170], at British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.</ref>
*[[Claremont (country house)|Claremont]]', Esher, north Surrey, from 1714 to 1768.
* A house on part of the site of dismantled [[Nottingham Castle]] which was on the rejection of "the Reform Bill" by the lords set on fire by a mob, at which time it had for many years been divided into separate dwellings.<ref>'Nottingham', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp446-461, pp. 446-461], British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.</ref>
*The 6th Duke inherited the Hope mansion of [[Deepdene House and Gardens|Deepdene House]], [[Dorking]], Surrey, which was sold by the 8th Duke.
*[[Boyton, Wiltshire|Boyton Manor]], [[Wiltshire]], bought in the 1950s and sold about 1980.


===Ireland===
;Wales
* The 6th Duke inherited the Hope mansion of [[Castleblayney]], [[County Monaghan]], Ireland; this was sold by the 8th Duke.
*One duke bought the retreat of Cwm Elain, Dyfryn-Elain, Cwm-Toyddwr, [[Radnorshire]], from [[Robert Peel|Sir Robert Peel]]. It had been sold off by 1849.<ref>Samuel Lewis, 'Dyfryn-Elain', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/wales/pp317-320, pp. 317-320], British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.</ref>
[[File:Hafod,_South_Wales.jpeg|thumb|150px|Hafod Uchtryd]]
*The heirs of [[Thomas Johnes]] (died 1816) sold to the 4th Duke [[Hafod Uchtryd]], in [[Cardiganshire]], together with its estate on the Ystwith. The process of sale took from 1831 until 1833, and the price was £70,000. The Duke spent £20,000 on the property, including adding the Havod Arms Inn, four miles from the house in [[Llanfihangel y Creuddyn]]. In 1846, he sold the estate for £95,000 to Henry Hoghton.<ref>Samuel Lewis, 'Cardiganshire', in ''A Topographical Dictionary of Wales'' (London, 1849), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/wales/pp158-180, pp. 158-180], British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.</ref><ref>Samuel Lewis, 'Edern - Eidda', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/wales/pp320-328, pp. 320-328], British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.</ref><ref>Samuel Lewis, 'Llanvihangel', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/wales/pp129-147, pp. 129-147], British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.</ref>

;Ireland
*The 6th Duke inherited the Hope mansion of [[Castleblayney]], [[County Monaghan]], Ireland; this was sold by the 8th Duke.
{{clear}}


==Family tree==
==Family tree==
{{hidden|Family tree: Dukes of Newcastle|{{tree chart/start|style=font-size:90%}}
{{Dukes of Newcastle family tree}}
{{tree chart | | | | WmC |WmC=[[William Cavendish (courtier)|Sir William Cavendish]]<br>(c. 1505–1557)<br>''m. (3)'' [[Bess of Hardwick]]}}
{{tree chart | |,|-|v|^|-|-|-|-|.|}}
{{tree chart |DDev |!| | | | | |!|
border=0|DDev=''<small>[[Duke of Devonshire|Earls & Dukes of Devonshire]]</small>''}}
{{tree chart | | |ChC | | | |FCP |ChC=Charles Cavendish<br>(1553–1617)|FCP=Frances Cavendish<br>(1548–1632)<br>''m.'' [[Henry Pierrepont (MP)|Sir Henry Pierrepont]]}}
{{tree chart | | | |!| | | | | |!|}}
{{tree chart | | |DNew | | | | |!|border=0|DNew=<small>''DUKE OF NEWC.-UPON-TYNE, 1665''</small>}}
{{tree chart | | |W1N | | | |R1K |W1N=[[William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle|William Cavendish,<br>'''1st Duke of Newcastle''']]<br>(1592–1676)|R1K=[[Robert Pierrepont, 1st Earl of Kingston-upon-Hull|Robert Pierrepont,<br>1st Earl of Kingston]]<br>(1584–1643)
|boxstyle_W1N=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{tree chart | | | |!| | | | | |!|}}
{{tree chart | | | |!| | | | |WP |WP=[[William Pierrepont (politician)|William Pierrepont]]<br>(c. 1607–1678)}}
{{tree chart | | | |!| | | |,|-|^|-|.|}}
{{tree chart | | |H2N |v|FP | |G3C |H2N=[[Henry Cavendish, 2nd Duke of Newcastle|Henry Cavendish,<br>'''2nd Duke of Newcastle''']]<br>(1630–1691)|FP=Frances Pierrepont<br>(1630–1695)|G3C=Grace Pierrepont<br>(1633–1702)<br>''m.'' [[Gilbert Holles, 3rd Earl of Clare|Gilbert Holles,<br>3rd Earl of Clare]]
|boxstyle_H2N=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{tree chart | | | | | |!| | | |,|-|(|}}
{{tree chart | |,|-|-|-|(| | |DNew |!|border=0|DNew=<small>''DUKE OF NEWC.-UPON-TYNE, 1694''</small>}}
{{tree chart |HCO | |MCH |-|J1N |!|HCO=[[Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle|Henry Cavendish,<br>Earl of Ogle]]<br>(1659–1680)|MCH=[[Margaret Holles, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne|Lady Margaret Cavendish]]<br>(1661–1716)|J1N=[[John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle|John Holles,<br>4th Earl of Clare,<br>'''1st Duke of Newcastle''']]<br>(1662–1711)
|boxstyle_J1N=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | | |T1P |T1P=Lady Grace Holles<br>(c. 1668–1700)<br>''m.'' [[Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham|Thomas, 1st Baron Pelham]]}}
{{tree chart | | | |,|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|(|}}
{{tree chart | | |DNew | | |!| | | |!|border=0|DNew=<small>''DUKE OF NEWC.-UPON-TYNE, 1715<br>DUKE OF NEWC.-UNDER-LYNE, 1756''</small>}}
{{tree chart | | |D1 | |LP | |HP |
D1=[[Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle|Thomas Pelham-Holles,<br>'''1st Duke of Newcastle''']]<br>(1693–1768)<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|P.M.]] 1754–56, 1757–62|HP=Hon. [[Henry Pelham]]<br>(1694–1754)<br>[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|P.M.]] 1743–54|LP=Hon. Lucy Pelham<br>(1695–1736)<br>''m.'' [[Henry Clinton, 7th Earl of Lincoln|Henry Clinton,<br>7th Earl of Lincoln]]
|boxstyle_D1=background-color:#CFFFFF}}
{{tree chart | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |!|}}
{{tree chart | | | |!| | |DNew | | |!|border=0|DNew=<small>''DUKE OF NEWC.-UNDER-LYNE, 1756<br>(succeeded by special remainder, 1768)''</small>}}
{{tree chart | | |G8L | |D2 |v|CP |G8L=George Clinton,<br>8th Earl of Lincoln<br>(1718–1730)|D2=[[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 2nd Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham-Clinton,<br>9th Earl of Lincoln,<br>'''2nd Duke of Newcastle''']]<br>(1720–1794)|CP=Catherine Pelham<br>(1727–1760)
|boxstyle_D2=background-color:#CFFFFF}}

{{tree chart | | | | | |,|-|-|-|(| | | |}}
{{tree chart | | | | |HPCL | |D3 |
D3=[[Thomas Pelham-Clinton, 3rd Duke of Newcastle|Thomas Pelham-Clinton,<br>'''3rd Duke of Newcastle'''<br><small>'''10th Earl of Lincoln'''</small>]]<br>(1752–1795)|
HPCL=[[Henry Pelham-Clinton, Earl of Lincoln|Henry Pelham-Clinton,<br>Earl of Lincoln]]<br>(1750–1778)|
boxstyle_D3=background-color: #CFFFFF
}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | | |D4 |
D4=[[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham-Clinton,<br>'''4th Duke of Newcastle'''<br><small>'''11th Earl of Lincoln'''</small>]]<br>(1785–1851)|
boxstyle_D4=background-color: #CFFFFF
}}
{{tree chart | | | | | |,|-|-|-|^|-|.|}}
{{tree chart | | | | |D5 | | | |CPPC |
D5=[[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham-Clinton,<br>'''5th Duke of Newcastle'''<br><small>'''12th Earl of Lincoln'''</small>]]<br>(1811–1864)|
CPPC=Lord Charles Pelham-Clinton<br>(1813–1894)|
boxstyle_D5=background-color: #CFFFFF
}}
{{tree chart | | | | | |!| | | | | |!|}}
{{tree chart | | | | |D6 | | | |CSPC |
D6=[[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 6th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham-Clinton,<br>'''6th Duke of Newcastle'''<br><small>'''13th Earl of Lincoln'''</small>]]<br>(1834–1879)|
CSPC=Charles Pelham-Clinton<br>(1857–1911)|
boxstyle_D6=background-color: #CFFFFF
}}
{{tree chart | | | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!|}}
{{tree chart | | |D7 | |D8 | |GPC |
D7=[[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 7th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham-Clinton,<br>'''7th Duke of Newcastle'''<br><small>'''14th Earl of Lincoln'''</small>]]<br>(1864–1928)|
D8=[[Francis Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 8th Duke of Newcastle|Francis Pelham-Clinton-Hope,<br>'''8th Duke of Newcastle'''<br><small>'''15th Earl of Lincoln'''</small>]]<br>(1866–1941)|
GPC=Guy Pelham-Clinton<br>(1894–1934)|
boxstyle_D7=background-color: #CFFFFF|
boxstyle_D8=background-color: #CFFFFF
}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | | |!| | | |!|}}
{{tree chart | | | | | | |D9 | |D10 |
D9=[[Henry Pelham-Clinton-Hope, 9th Duke of Newcastle|Henry Pelham-Clinton-Hope,<br>'''9th Duke of Newcastle'''<br><small>'''16th Earl of Lincoln'''</small>]]<br>(1907–1988)|
D10=[[Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle|Edward Pelham-Clinton,<br>'''10th Duke of Newcastle'''<br><small>'''17th Earl of Lincoln'''</small>]]<br>(1920–1988)|
boxstyle_D9=background-color: #CFFFFF|
boxstyle_D10=background-color: #CFFFFF}}
{{tree chart/end}}
''Dukedom Extinct, 1988: the Earldom of Lincoln passed to the 10th Duke's 10th cousin, [[Edward Fiennes-Clinton, 18th Earl of Lincoln|Edward Horace Fiennes-Clinton, 18th Earl of Lincoln]]. (See [[Earl of Lincoln#Earls of Lincoln, eighth creation (1572)|Earldom of Lincoln]] for more complete tree of the Earldom.)''
|headerstyle=background:#ccccff|bodystyle=text-align:center}}


===Other notable descendants (last creation)===
===Other notable descendants (last creation)===
*[[Camilla Long]] is a grand-daughter of Marjorie Pelham-Clinton (1910–2005),{{cn|date=October 2020}} a first cousin of the [[Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle|10th Duke]] and a great-granddaughter of the [[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle|4th Duke]].<ref>''Burke's Peerage'', vol. 2 (2003), p. 2337</ref>
* [[Camilla Long]] is a grand-daughter of Marjorie Pelham-Clinton (1910–2005),{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} a first cousin of the [[Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle|10th Duke]] and a great-granddaughter of the [[Henry Pelham-Clinton, 4th Duke of Newcastle|4th Duke]].<ref>''Burke's Peerage'', vol. 2 (2003), p. 2337</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[Duke of Devonshire]]
* [[Duke of Devonshire]]
*[[Earl of Portland]], which inherited most of the dukedom's estates from 2nd Duke of Portland{{Clarify|date=December 2018}}
* [[Earl of Portland]], which inherited most of the dukedom's estates from 2nd Duke of Portland{{Clarify|date=December 2018}}
*[[Cavendish-Bentinck]]
* [[Cavendish-Bentinck]]
*[[Duchess of Newcastle (disambiguation)]]
* [[Duchess of Newcastle (disambiguation)]]
*[[Earl of Chichester]]
* [[Earl of Chichester]]
*[[Earl of Lincoln]]
* [[Earl of Lincoln]]
*[[Earl of Newcastle]]
* [[Earl of Newcastle]]
*[[Baron Clinton]]
* [[Baron Clinton]]
*[[Baron Holles]]
* [[Baron Holles]]
*[[Baron Ogle]]
* [[Baron Ogle]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist|refs=
* Kidd, Charles & Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Newcastle, Dukes of|volume=19|pages=470–471}}
* {{Cite web|title=Manuscripts and Special Collections :The Dukes of Newcastles of Clumber Park - a Brief History|url=http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/family/newcastle/newcastleofclumberpark.aspx|access-date=8 February 2013|publisher=University of Nottingham}}}}
*Kidd, Charles & Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990
*{{Cite web|url=http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/collectionsindepth/family/newcastle/newcastleofclumberpark.aspx|title=Manuscripts and Special Collections :The Dukes of Newcastles of Clumber Park - a Brief History |publisher=University of Nottingham|accessdate=8 February 2013}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Newcastle}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Newcastle}}
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of England]]
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Extinct dukedoms in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:Cavendish family|Newcastle]]
[[Category:Cavendish family]]
[[Category:Pelham family|Newcastle]]
[[Category:Pelham family]]
[[Category:Clinton family (English aristocracy)|Newcastle]]
[[Category:Clinton family (English aristocracy)]]
[[Category:Peerages created with special remainders]]
[[Category:Peerages created with special remainders]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1665]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1665]]
Line 220: Line 155:
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1715]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1715]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1756]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1756]]
[[Category:Dukes of Newcastle-upon-Tyne| ]]

Latest revision as of 15:56, 23 May 2024

This article is about the peerage title. For the British prime minister, see Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle.

Dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne
Creation date
  • 1665 (first creation)
  • 1694 (second creation)
  • 1715 (third creation)
Created by
Peerage
Remainder tothe 1st Duke's heirs male of the body lawfully begotten
Special remainder for the third creation
Extinction date
  • 1691 (first creation)
  • 1711 (second creation)
  • 1768 (third creation)
Dukedom of Newcastle-under-Lyne
Creation date1756
Created byGeorge II
PeeragePeerage of Great Britain
First holderThomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne
Last holderEdward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne
Remainder toSpecial remainder
Extinction date1988
Seat(s)Clumber Park

Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was a title that was created three times, once in the Peerage of England and twice in the Peerage of Great Britain. The first grant of the title was made in 1665 to William Cavendish, 1st Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne.[1] He was a prominent Royalist commander during the Civil War.

The related title of Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne [sic][2] was created once in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was conferred in 1756 on Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (of the third creation), to provide a slightly more remote special remainder. The title became extinct in 1988, a year that saw the deaths of the distantly related ninth and tenth Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne.

Creations

[edit]

First creation (1665)

[edit]

William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle, was a son of Charles Cavendish, himself the third son of Sir William Cavendish and his wife Bess of Hardwick. One of Charles Cavendish's elder brothers became the 1st Earl of Devonshire (see Duke of Devonshire for further history about this branch of the family).

The first duke, William Cavendish, was the son of Charles Cavendish and his second wife Catherine Ogle, 8th Baroness Ogle, daughter of Cuthbert Ogle, 7th Baron Ogle. William Cavendish became Viscount Mansfield in 1620, and in 1621, he was created Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne and Baron Cavendish of Bolsover. He succeeded his mother as ninth Baron Ogle in 1629, and he became Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1643. He was elevated to the dukedom of Newcastle upon Tyne in 1665. He also was granted the title of Earl of Ogle as a subsidiary title for the dukedom, to be used as a courtesy title by his heir apparent. Upon his death in 1676, he was succeeded by his son, the second Duke, who was a politician. However, the second Duke's only son and heir apparent (Henry Cavendish, Earl of Ogle) predeceased him. Therefore, upon the second Duke's death in 1691, all of these many titles became extinct, except the barony of Ogle, which fell into abeyance between the second duke's four daughters (one of whom was Lady Elizabeth Cavendish).

Second creation (1694)

[edit]

The second Duke's third daughter, Lady Margaret Cavendish (1661-1717), married John Holles, 4th Earl of Clare, who was incidentally her first cousin, her mother's sister's son. In 1694, the dukedom was revived when he was created Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne. The Holles family descended from John Holles, who was created Baron Haughton, of Haughton in Nottinghamshire, in 1616 and Earl of Clare in 1624. His second son was a politician, Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles. Lord Clare was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Earl. He represented East Retford, Nottinghamshire, in the House of Commons and served as Lord Lieutenant of Nottinghamshire. His son, the third Earl, was briefly MP for Nottinghamshire in 1660. He was succeeded by his son, the aforementioned fourth Earl of Clare, who married a daughter of the second Duke of Newcastle. In 1694, three years after the title became extinct, the Dukedom of Newcastle was revived and granted to the late Duke's son-in-law. The new duke of Newcastle and his wife, Lady Margaret, had only one daughter and no sons. Therefore, on his death in 1711, all his titles became extinct.

Third creation (1715) and Newcastle-under-Lyne (1756)

[edit]
Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle and Prime Minister of Great Britain

The Duke's sister, Lady Grace Holles (died 1700), married Thomas Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham (see Earl of Chichester for earlier history of the Pelham family). Their elder son Thomas, upon his uncle's death in 1711, succeeded to the substantial Holles estates and assumed by Royal Licence the additional surname and arms of Holles. In 1714, the earldom of Clare was revived when he was created Viscount Haughton and Earl of Clare, with remainder to his younger brother Henry Pelham. The following year, the dukedom was revived when he was made Marquess of Clare and Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne, with like special remainder. These titles were in the Peerage of Great Britain. In 1756, when his brother died without male issue and it was evident that the Duke would have no children, the Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne was additionally created Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne [sic] with a different special remainder: to his nephew-by-marriage Henry Clinton, 9th Earl of Lincoln, who rapidly took on the additional surname Pelham. (For the history of this title from the 1768 inheritance upon the 1st Duke's death, see Earl of Lincoln.) The 1st Duke's other titles became extinct, except for the Pelham baronetcy (of Laughton) and the barony of Pelham (of Stanmer), which devolved to his first cousin once-removed, Thomas Pelham. (For the history of these titles, see Earl of Chichester.)

Extensive personal, transaction and estate papers of the dukes are held in the Portland (Welbeck) and Newcastle (Clumber) collections at the University of Nottingham's Department of Manuscripts and Special Collections.

Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, first creation (1665)

[edit]
also Marquess of Newcastle upon Tyne (1643), Earl of Newcastle upon Tyne (1628), Viscount Mansfield (1620) and Baron Ogle (1461)

Earls of Clare (1624)

[edit]
also Baron Haughton (1616)

Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, second creation (1694)

[edit]
also Earl of Clare (1624) and Baron Haughton (1616)

Dukes of Newcastle upon Tyne, third creation (1715)

[edit]
also Earl of Clare (1714), Baron Pelham of Laughton (1706), Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1762) and Pelham Baronet, of Laughton (1611)
  • Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (1693–1768), Prime Minister twice, a nephew of John Holles (above). He died without male issue. At this point, his father's baronetcy and barony of 1706, his own earldom and the dukedom of 1715 became extinct.

Dukes of Newcastle-under-Lyne (1756)

[edit]
1st Duke: also Duke of Newcastle upon Tyne (1715), Earl of Clare (1714), Baron Pelham of Laughton (1706), Baron Pelham of Stanmer (1762) and Pelham Baronet, of Laughton (1611)
see also Earl of Lincoln

Principal seats and abodes

[edit]

{{{annotations}}}

Gentleman's Magazine:
Map of London & Environs, 1764

England

[edit]
Clumber Park
  • Clumber Park, also known as Clumber Park Lodge, spanning Clumber and Worksop, Nottinghamshire, from 1709 until 1938, when the house was demolished.
  • Boyton Manor, Wiltshire, bought in the 1950s and sold about 1980.
  • Newcastle House, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, briefly in the 18th century.[3]
  • Claremont, Esher, north Surrey, from 1714 to 1768.
  • A house on part of the site of the dismantled Nottingham Castle, which was on the rejection of "the Reform Bill" by the Lords set on fire by a mob, at which time it had for many years been divided into separate dwellings.[4]
  • The 6th Duke inherited the Hope mansion of Deepdene House, Dorking, Surrey, which was sold by the 8th Duke.

Wales

[edit]
Hafod Uchtryd
  • One duke bought the retreat of Cwm Elain, Dyfryn-Elain, Cwm-Toyddwr, Radnorshire, from Sir Robert Peel. It had been sold off by 1849.[5]
  • The heirs of Thomas Johnes (died 1816) sold Hafod Uchtryd, in Cardiganshire, together with its estate on the Ystwith, to the 4th Duke. The process of sale took from 1831 until 1833, and the price was £70,000. The Duke spent £20,000 on the property, including adding the Havod Arms Inn, four miles from the house in Llanfihangel y Creuddyn. In 1846, he sold the estate for £95,000 to Henry Hoghton.[6][7][8]

Ireland

[edit]

Family tree

[edit]

Other notable descendants (last creation)

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Newcastle, Dukes of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 470–471.
  2. ^ Despite the name of the town being Newcastle-under-Lyme with an "m", the dukedom was created as Lyne with an "n". There is no known satisfactory explanation for the discrepancy, which may have been an error. If it was an error, however, that error has perpetuated itself in numerous sources, including peerage catalogues.
  3. ^ 'London', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), pp. 129-170[permanent dead link], at British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  4. ^ 'Nottingham', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), pp. 446-461[permanent dead link], British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  5. ^ Samuel Lewis, 'Dyfryn-Elain', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 317-320[permanent dead link], British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  6. ^ Samuel Lewis, 'Cardiganshire', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 158-180[permanent dead link], British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  7. ^ Samuel Lewis, 'Edern - Eidda', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 320-328[permanent dead link], British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  8. ^ Samuel Lewis, 'Llanvihangel', in A Topographical Dictionary of Wales (London, 1849), pp. 129-147[permanent dead link], British History Online, accessed 30 September 2017.
  9. ^ Burke's Peerage, vol. 2 (2003), p. 2337
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duke_of_Newcastle&oldid=1225301938"