Douglas O-38: Difference between revisions

O-38
	Douglas O-38F at the National Museum of the United States Air Force in 2005
Role	Observation plane
Manufacturer	Douglas Aircraft Company
Primary user	United States Army Air Corps
Produced	1931–1934
Number built	156

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The Douglas O-38 was an observation airplane used by the United States Army Air Corps.

Between 1931 and 1934, Douglas built 156 O-38s for the Air Corps, eight of which were O-38Fs. Some were still in service at the time of the Pearl Harbor Attack in 1941.

The O-38 is a modernized derivative of the O-25, itself a re-engined variant of the earlier Douglas O-2.

Variants

O-38: derivative of the Curtiss Conqueror-engined O-25 but with a 525-hp (391-kW) Pratt & Whitney R-1690-3 radial engine and Townend ring cowling; the National Guard received all 44 production aircraft
O-38A: single unarmed O-38 staff liaison machine for the National Guard

O-38B: derivative of the O-38 with an R-1690-5 engine; total production was 63, comprising 30 for USAAC observation squadrons and 33 for the National Guard
O-38C: single aircraft similar to the O-38B for use by US Coast Guard

O-38E: model with a wider and deeper fuselage on the lines of the private-venture O-38S, with a sliding canopy over the cockpits and a 625-hp (466-kW) R-1690-13 radial engine driving a metal propeller; could be operated on twin Edo floats; the National Guard took delivery of 37 such aircraft
O-38F: eight unarmed staff liaison aircraft delivered to the National Guard in 1933 with an R-1690-9 engine and a revised, fully enclosed canopy
O-38P: Almost identical to the E/F series. Six aircraft delivered to Perú in February 1933, fitted with Edo floats; Three took part in the conflict against Colombia, and took part in air combats against Colombian Curtiss Hawk IIs, one being lost as consequence of damage received during those clashes. Survivors were converted to wheels, and served as trainers until 1940.
O-38S: private-venture development of the O-38 with a wider and deeper fuselage, crew canopy and a smooth-cowled 575 hp (429 kW) Wright R-1820-E Cyclone radial engine; in effect was the prototype of the O-38E
A-6: proposed use of the O-38 as a radio-controlled target drone (cancelled)

Operators

Colombia

Colombian Air Force - One captured from Peru in 1933 and returned to Peru in 1934.

Haiti

Haiti Air Corps - Six delivered in June 1942. Retired in 1948.

Peru

Peruvian Navy

United States

United States Army Air Corps

Surviving aircraft

The sole surviving example of an O-38 is on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson AFB near Dayton, Ohio.^[1] For several decades it was believed that no examples of this aircraft survived, until the wreckage of an O-38F was located in Alaska in the late 1960s. This aircraft was the first airplane to land at Ladd Field near Fairbanks, Alaska, in October 1940. It had gone down on 16 June 1941 as a result of engine failure, and made a soft landing in the Alaskan wilderness about 70 miles (110 km) southeast of Fairbanks. Both crewmen, pilot Lt. Milton H. Ashkins and mechanic Sgt. R. A. Roberts survived the landing unhurt, and hiked to safety after supplies were dropped to them, but the aircraft's location was considered too remote for it to be salvaged. The wreckage was eventually rediscovered nearly thirty years later during an aerial survey of the area, and the plane's type was soon identified. The staff of the Air Force Museum recognized it as the last surviving example, and quickly assembled a team to examine the aircraft for possible retrieval and restoration. Upon arriving at the crash site they found the aircraft surprisingly well preserved, with only the two seats and the tailwheel curiously missing. The team was even able to light their campfires using the aircraft's remaining fuel. Plans were soon made to remove the aircraft by a CH-47 Chinook helicopter from Fort Greeley on 10 June 1968,^[2] and it was transported back to Dayton, Ohio. Meanwhile, the missing seats were found in the shack of a local frontiersman where they were being used as chairs. The missing tailwheel was taken because he thought he might build a wheelbarrow someday. The restoration by the museum's staff took several years, and many structural pieces of the wings had to be reverse engineered from original plans and damaged parts. The finished aircraft with its original engine was completed and placed on display in 1974.^[3] It is currently displayed hanging in the museum's Interwar Years Gallery.

Specifications (O-38B)

Data from McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I,^[4] United States military aircraft since 1908^[5]

General characteristics

Crew: 2
Length: 31 ft 0 in (9.45 m)
Wingspan: 40 ft 0 in (12.19 m)
Height: 10 ft 8 in (3.25 m)
Wing area: 362 sq ft (33.6 m²)
Airfoil: Göttingen 398^[6]
Empty weight: 3,070 lb (1,393 kg)
Gross weight: 4,343 lb (1,970 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 4,456 lb (2,021 kg)

Performance

Maximum speed: 150 mph (240 km/h, 130 kn)
Cruise speed: 120 mph (190 km/h, 100 kn)
Range: 275 mi (443 km, 239 nmi)
Service ceiling: 19,000 ft (5,800 m)
Rate of climb: 1,500 ft/min (7.6 m/s)
Wing loading: 12 lb/sq ft (59 kg/m²)
Power/mass: 0.12 hp/lb (0.20 kW/kg)

Armament

Guns: 2 × .30 in (7.62 mm) machine guns, one fixed forward-firing and one flexible
Bombs: 4 × 100 lb (45 kg) bombs

References

^ "Douglas O-38F". National Museum of the United States Air Force (NMUSAF). 7 April 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
^ Miller, Ed Mack (February 1969). "Operation O-38: A Salvage Adventure in Alaska's 'Deep Freeze'". Air Force and Space Digest. Vol. 52, no. 2. pp. 56–60. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
^ Informational film playing in museum to accompany display
^ Francillon, René J. (1988). McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I. London: Naval Institute Press. pp. 62–81. ISBN 0870214284.
^ Swanborough, F. G.; Bowers, Peter M. (1971). United States military aircraft since 1908 (Rev. ed.). London: Putnam. pp. 223–228. ISBN 0370000943.
^ Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

External links

"Douglas O-38F". National Museum of the US Air Force. Retrieved 17 May 2019.
Manual de instrucciones de ensamblaje y conservacion del aeroplano de observacion Douglas modelo O-38P – The Museum of Flight Digital Collections

[1] "Douglas O-38F". National Museum of the United States Air Force (NMUSAF). 7 April 2015. Retrieved 15 August 2017.

[2] Miller, Ed Mack (February 1969). "Operation O-38: A Salvage Adventure in Alaska's 'Deep Freeze'". Air Force and Space Digest. Vol. 52, no. 2. pp. 56–60. Retrieved 11 July 2022.

[3] Informational film playing in museum to accompany display

[Francillon-4] Francillon, René J. (1988). McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I. London: Naval Institute Press. pp. 62–81. ISBN 0870214284.

[Swan-5] Swanborough, F. G.; Bowers, Peter M. (1971). United States military aircraft since 1908 (Rev. ed.). London: Putnam. pp. 223–228. ISBN 0370000943.

[Selig-6] Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 30: / Line 30: @@
 ;O-38: derivative of the [[Curtiss V-1570|Curtiss Conqueror]]-engined [[Douglas O-2|O-25]] but with a 525-hp (391-kW) [[Pratt & Whitney R-1690|Pratt & Whitney R-1690-3]] radial engine and [[Townend ring]] cowling; the [[National Guard of the United States|National Guard]] received all 44 production aircraft
 ;O-38A: single unarmed O-38 staff liaison machine for the National Guard
-[[File:Douglas O-38B Maryland NG 1934.jpg|right|thumb|O-38 for the [[Maryland National Guard]]]]
+[[File:Douglas O-38B Maryland NG 1934.jpg|right|thumb|O-38B for the [[Maryland National Guard]]]]
 ;O-38B: derivative of the O-38 with an [[Pratt & Whitney R-1690|R-1690-5]] engine; total production was 63, comprising 30 for [[USAAC]] observation squadrons and 33 for the [[National Guard of the United States|National Guard]]
 ;O-38C: single aircraft similar to the O-38B for use by [[US Coast Guard]]
+[[File:Douglas O-38E California NG (5106171511).jpg|thumb|O-38E]]
 ;O-38E: model with a wider and deeper fuselage on the lines of the private-venture O-38S, with a sliding canopy over the cockpits and a 625-hp (466-kW) [[Pratt & Whitney R-1690|R-1690-13]] radial engine driving a metal propeller; could be operated on twin [[EDO Corporation|Edo floats]]; the [[National Guard of the United States|National Guard]] took delivery of 37 such aircraft
 ;O-38F: eight unarmed staff liaison aircraft delivered to the [[National Guard of the United States|National Guard]] in 1933 with an [[Pratt & Whitney R-1690|R-1690-9]] engine and a revised, fully enclosed canopy
-;O-38P: Almost identical to the E/F series. Six aircraft delivered to Perú in February 1933, fitted with [[EDO Corporation|Edo floats]]; Three took part in the conflict against Colombia, and took part in air combats against Colombian Curtiss [[Curtiss Hawk|F-11C Hawk]] IIs, one being lost as consequence of damage received during those clashes. Survivors were converted to wheels, and served as trainers until 1940.
+;O-38P: Almost identical to the E/F series. Six aircraft delivered to Perú in February 1933, fitted with [[EDO Corporation|Edo floats]]; Three took part in the conflict against Colombia, and took part in air combats against Colombian [[Curtiss F11C Goshawk|Curtiss Hawk]] IIs, one being lost as consequence of damage received during those clashes. Survivors were converted to wheels, and served as trainers until 1940.
 ;O-38S: private-venture development of the O-38 with a wider and deeper fuselage, crew canopy and a smooth-cowled {{convert|575|hp|abbr=on}} [[Wright Cyclone|Wright R-1820-E Cyclone]] radial engine; in effect was the prototype of the O-38E
 ;A-6: proposed use of the O-38 as a radio-controlled target drone (cancelled)
-==Survivors==
-*The sole surviving example of an O-38 is on display at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] at [[Wright-Patterson AFB]] near [[Dayton, Ohio]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197394/douglas-o-38f/ |title=Douglas O-38F |work=[[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] (NMUSAF) |date=7 April 2015 |access-date=15 August 2017}}</ref> For several decades it was believed that no examples of this aircraft survived, until the wreckage of an O-38F was located in Alaska in the late 1960s. This aircraft was the first airplane to land at [[Ladd Field]] near [[Fairbanks, Alaska]], in October 1940. It had gone down on 16 June 1941 as a result of engine failure, and made a soft landing in the Alaskan wilderness about {{convert|70|mi|km}} southeast of [[Fairbanks]]. Both crewmen survived the landing unhurt, and hiked to safety after supplies were dropped to them, but the aircraft's location was considered too remote for it to be salvaged. The wreckage was eventually rediscovered nearly thirty years later during an aerial survey of the area, and the plane's type was soon identified. The staff of the Air Force Museum recognized it as the last surviving example, and quickly assembled a team to examine the aircraft for possible retrieval and restoration. Upon arriving at the crash site they found the aircraft surprisingly well preserved, with only the two seats and the tailwheel curiously missing. The team was even able to light their campfires using the aircraft's remaining fuel. Plans were soon made to remove the aircraft by a [[CH-47 Chinook]] helicopter from [[Fort Greeley]] on 10 June 1968,<ref>Miller, Ed Mack, "Operation O-38: A Salvage Adventure in Alaska's 'Deep Freeze' ", ''Air Force and Space Digest'', Washington, D.C., February 1969, Volume 52, Number 2, pages 56–60.</ref> and it was transported back to [[Dayton, Ohio]]. Meanwhile, the missing seats were found in the shack of a local frontiersman where they were being used as chairs. The missing tailwheel was taken because he thought he might build a wheelbarrow someday. The restoration by the museum's staff took several years, and many structural pieces of the wings had to be [[reverse engineered]] from original plans and damaged parts. The finished aircraft with its original engine was completed and placed on display in 1974.<ref>Informational film playing in museum to accompany display</ref> It is currently displayed hanging in the museum's Interwar Years Gallery.
 ==Operators==
 ;{{COL}}
-*[[Colombian Air Force]]. One captured from Peru in 1933 and returned to Peru in 1934.
+*[[Colombian Air Force]] - One captured from Peru in 1933 and returned to Peru in 1934.
+;{{flag|Haiti}}
+*[[Haiti Air Corps]] - Six delivered in June 1942. Retired in 1948.
 ;{{flag|Peru}}
 *[[Peruvian Navy]]
 ;{{USA}}
 *[[United States Army Air Corps]]
+==Surviving aircraft==
+[[File:Douglas O-38F (5-19-2022).jpg|thumb|O-38F on display at the National Museum of the USAF]]
+*The sole surviving example of an O-38 is on display at the [[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] at [[Wright-Patterson AFB]] near [[Dayton, Ohio]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197394/douglas-o-38f/ |title=Douglas O-38F |work=[[National Museum of the United States Air Force]] (NMUSAF) |date=7 April 2015 |access-date=15 August 2017}}</ref> For several decades it was believed that no examples of this aircraft survived, until the wreckage of an O-38F was located in Alaska in the late 1960s. This aircraft was the first airplane to land at [[Ladd Field]] near [[Fairbanks, Alaska]], in October 1940. It had gone down on 16 June 1941 as a result of engine failure, and made a soft landing in the Alaskan wilderness about {{convert|70|mi|km}} southeast of [[Fairbanks]]. Both crewmen, pilot Lt. Milton H. Ashkins and mechanic Sgt. R. A. Roberts survived the landing unhurt, and hiked to safety after supplies were dropped to them, but the aircraft's location was considered too remote for it to be salvaged. The wreckage was eventually rediscovered nearly thirty years later during an aerial survey of the area, and the plane's type was soon identified. The staff of the Air Force Museum recognized it as the last surviving example, and quickly assembled a team to examine the aircraft for possible retrieval and restoration. Upon arriving at the crash site they found the aircraft surprisingly well preserved, with only the two seats and the tailwheel curiously missing. The team was even able to light their campfires using the aircraft's remaining fuel. Plans were soon made to remove the aircraft by a [[CH-47 Chinook]] helicopter from [[Fort Greeley]] on 10 June 1968,<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Miller |first=Ed Mack |date=February 1969 |title=Operation O-38: A Salvage Adventure in Alaska's 'Deep Freeze' |url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.32435062368121&seq=164 |magazine=Air Force and Space Digest |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=56–60 |access-date=11 July 2022}}</ref> and it was transported back to [[Dayton, Ohio]]. Meanwhile, the missing seats were found in the shack of a local frontiersman where they were being used as chairs. The missing tailwheel was taken because he thought he might build a wheelbarrow someday. The restoration by the museum's staff took several years, and many structural pieces of the wings had to be [[reverse engineered]] from original plans and damaged parts. The finished aircraft with its original engine was completed and placed on display in 1974.<ref>Informational film playing in museum to accompany display</ref> It is currently displayed hanging in the museum's Interwar Years Gallery.
 ==Specifications (O-38B)==
 {{Aircraft specs
-|ref=McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I<ref name="Francillon">{{cite book |last1=Francillon |first1=René J. |title=McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I |date=1988 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=London |isbn=0870214284 |pages=62-81}}</ref>, United States military aircraft since 1908<ref name=Swan>{{cite book |first1=F. G. |last1=Swanborough |first2=Peter M. |last2=Bowers |title=United States military aircraft since 1908 |date=1971 |publisher=Putnam |location=London|isbn=0370000943 |edition=Rev. |pages=223-228}}</ref>
+|ref=McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I,<ref name="Francillon">{{cite book |last1=Francillon |first1=René J. |title=McDonnell Douglas aircraft since 1920 : Volume I |date=1988 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |location=London |isbn=0870214284 |pages=62–81}}</ref> United States military aircraft since 1908<ref name=Swan>{{cite book |first1=F. G. |last1=Swanborough |first2=Peter M. |last2=Bowers |title=United States military aircraft since 1908 |date=1971 |publisher=Putnam |location=London|isbn=0370000943 |edition=Rev. |pages=223–228}}</ref>
 |prime units?=imp
 <!--
@@ Line 70: / Line 74: @@
 |wing area note=
 |aspect ratio=<!-- sailplanes -->
-|airfoil=Göttingen 398<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |accessdate=16 April 2019}}</ref>
+|airfoil=Göttingen 398<ref name="Selig">{{cite web |last1=Lednicer |first1=David |title=The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage |url=https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html |website=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu |access-date=16 April 2019}}</ref>
 |empty weight lb=3070
 |empty weight note=
@@ Line 126: / Line 130: @@
         Armament
 -->
-|guns= 2 &times; {{cvt|.30|in}} machine guns, one fixed forward-firing and one flexible
+|guns= 2 × {{cvt|.30|in|2}} machine guns, one fixed forward-firing and one flexible
-|bombs= 4 &times; {{cvt|100|lb}} bombs
+|bombs= 4 × {{cvt|100|lb}} bombs
 |avionics=
@@ Line 136: / Line 140: @@
 ==Further reading==
-*{{cite book |last1=Eden |first1=Paul |last2=Moeng |first2=Soph |title=The complete encyclopedia of world aircraft |date=2002 |publisher=Amber Books Ltd. |location=Bradley's Close, 74–77 White Lion Street, London, N1 9PF |isbn=0-7607-3432-1 |page=1152 |url=http://images.barnesandnoble.com/images/5490000/5496066.gif}}
+* {{cite book |last1=Eden |first1=Paul |last2=Moeng |first2=Soph |title=The complete encyclopedia of world aircraft |date=2002 |publisher=Amber Books Ltd. |location=Bradley's Close, 74–77 White Lion Street, London, N1 9PF |isbn=0-7607-3432-1 |page=1152 |url=http://images.barnesandnoble.com/images/5490000/5496066.gif}}
 ==External links==
 {{commons category|Douglas O-38}}
-**{{cite web |title=Douglas O-38F |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197394/douglas-o-38f/ |website=National Museum of the US Air Force™ |accessdate=17 May 2019}}
+*{{cite web |title=Douglas O-38F |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/197394/douglas-o-38f/ |website=National Museum of the US Air Force |access-date=17 May 2019}}
+*[https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/items/show/57894 Manual de instrucciones de ensamblaje y conservacion del aeroplano de observacion Douglas modelo O-38P] – [https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/ The Museum of Flight Digital Collections]
 {{Douglas aircraft}}
 {{USAAF observation aircraft}}
+{{US unmanned aircraft}}
-{{USAAF drones}}
 [[Category:1930s United States military utility aircraft]]
 [[Category:Biplanes]]
 [[Category:Single-engined tractor aircraft]]
+[[Category:Douglas aircraft|O-38]]

v t e Douglas military aircraft
Fighters	XFD XP-48 P-70 F3D Skyknight F4D Skyray F5D Skylancer XF6D Missileer
Ground attack	XA-2 A-20 A-24 A-26 Invader A-33 A-1 Skyraider A-3 Skywarrior A-4 Skyhawk/A-4AR Fightinghawk/A-4SU Super Skyhawk AC-47 "Spooky" DT T2D XT3D TBD Devastator SBD Dauntless BD XBTD Destroyer XTB2D Skypirate AD Skyraider XA2D Skyshark A3D Skywarrior A4D Skyhawk
Bombers	YB-7 YB-11 B-18 Bolo XB-19 XB-22 B-23 Dragon B-26 Invader XB-31 XB-42 Mixmaster XB-43 Jetmaster B-66 Destroyer Model 423 Model 1211-J DB-1 DB-2 DB-7 DB-8 DB-19 DB-73 Boston I/II/III/IV/V Digby I Havoc I/II DXD1
Observation	O-2 OD O2D O-31 O-35 O-38 O-43 YO-44 O-46 O-53 YOA-5
Patrol	PD P2D P3D
Reconnaissance	F-3
Transports	C-1 C-21 C-32 C-33 YC-34 C-38 C-39 C-41 C-41A C-42 C-47 Skytrain (Dakota I/III/IV) C-48 C-49 C-50 C-51 C-52 C-53 Skytrooper C-54 Skymaster C-58 UC-67 C-68 C-74 Globemaster C-84 C-110 XC-112/YC-112 XC-114 YC-116 C-117 C-117D C-118 C-124 Globemaster II YC-129 C-132 C-133 Cargomaster C-9 (Nightingale/Skytrain II) C-24 RD R2D R3D R4D-1/-3/-5/-6/-7 R4D-8 R5D JD R6D CC-129 LXD1 PD.808 Skymaster I
Gliders	XCG-17
Training aircraft	BT-1 BT-2 XT-30
Experimental	World Cruiser D-558-1 Skystreak D-558-2 Skyrocket X-3 Stiletto