Pablo Christiani: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Spanish friar}} |
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'''Pablo Christiani''' (or ''Paul Christian''), a figure of the thirteenth century, was born to a pious [[Jewish]] family, with the name Saul.<ref>Kobak, Joseph ''Jeschurun'' pg.21</ref> He became a Christian convert and [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] friar. |
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'''Pablo Christiani''' (or ''Paul Christian''; né "Saúl" or "NN שאול בן" ) was a [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardic Jew]] who, having [[Apostasy in Judaism|converted to Christianity]], used his position as a [[Dominican Order|Dominican]] [[friar]] to endeavor to convert other [[Jews in Europe]] to [[Roman Catholicism]]. |
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==Early life and conversion== |
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He was believed to have been a student of Rabbi Eliezer of [[Tarascon]].<ref>Lattes, Isaac "Kiryat Sefer" in ''Medieval Hebrew Chronicles'' II pg. 238</ref> He married a Jewish woman and had children with her. Later, he converted to [[Christianity]] and took his children from his wife and made them Christians.<ref>Kobak, Joseph ''Jeschurun'' pgs.21-22</ref> He then joined the [[Dominican Order]].<ref>Ibid., pg.21</ref> Prior to the [[1263]] [[Disputation of Barcelona]], he was known for following [[Nicholas Donin]]'s lead in attempting to ban the [[Talmud]]. His arguments centered on the "irrational" material within the text.<ref>Ibid., pgs.1-15 |
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Saúl (Shaul ben NN) was born in 13th-Century [[Spain]] to a pious [[Jewish]] family,<ref name="Kobak p. 21">Kobak, Joseph ''Jeschurun'' p. 21</ref> and he is believed to have been a student of Rabbi Eliezer of [[Tarascon]].<ref>Lattes, Isaac "Kiryat Sefer" in ''Medieval Hebrew Chronicles'' II p. 238</ref> Having married a Jewish woman and fathered children with her, he took his children from his wife when he left her after he converted himself and the children to [[Roman Catholicism]].<ref>Kobak, Joseph ''Jeschurun'' pp. 21–22</ref> He then joined the [[Dominican Order]] as a friar.<ref name="Kobak p. 21" /> |
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</ref> His participation in the [[Disputation of Barcelona]] with [[Nahmanides]] was to try his new missionary technique to bring Jews to Christianity. |
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==Disputation of Barcelona and aftermath== |
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| ⚫ | The failure |
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Prior to the 1263 [[Disputation of Barcelona]], he followed [[Nicholas Donin]]'s lead in attempting to ban the [[Talmud]], which he argued had "irrational" textual material.<ref>Kobak, Joseph ''Jeschurun'', pp. 1–15 |
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| ⚫ | </ref> As for his participation in the [[Disputation]], it was his attempt to convert [[Nahmanides]] and other fellow Jews to Christianity. The failure to convert anybody during the Disputation did not, however, discourage Christiani. Through the agency of [[Raymond de Penyafort]] and with letters of protection from King [[James I of Aragon]], he went on missionary journeys and compelled Jews everywhere to listen to his speeches and answer his questions, both in synagogues and wherever else he pleased. He even required his audiences to defray the expenses of his missions. |
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==Campaign against Talmud and immigration to France== |
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In spite of the protection granted him by the king, Christiani did not meet with the success he had expected; he therefore went to [[Pope Clement IV]] and denounced the Talmud, asserting that it contained passages derogatory to Jesus and Mary. The pope issued a bill (1264) to the Bishop of Tarragona, commanding him to submit all the copies of the Talmud to the examination of the Dominicans and [[Franciscans]]. A commission was then appointed by the king, Christiani being one of its members, to act as censors of the Talmud; and they obliterated all passages which seemed to them to be hostile to Christianity. In 1269 Christiani interceded with King [[Louis IX of France]] and obtained from him the enforcement of the canonical edict requiring Jews to wear badges. |
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In spite of the protection granted him by the king, Christiani did not meet with the success that he had expected on his missions. He, therefore, in 1264 went to [[Pope Clement IV]] and denounced the Talmud by making assertions that it contained passages that were derogatory in regards to [[Jesus]] and [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]]. He thus persuaded the pope to issue a [[papal bull|bull]] that commanded the bishop of [[Tarragona]] to submit all copies of the Talmud to scrutiny by the Dominicans and [[Franciscans]]. |
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The bishop of Tarragona then ordered King James to appoint a commission that consisted of Christiani and others to act as censors of the Talmud. Christiani and the rest of the commission hence redacted all passages that they deemed were hostile to Christianity. |
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Five years later, Christiani interceded with King [[Louis IX of France]] and obtained from him the permission to enforcement of the canonical edict that required Jews to wear badges that would single them out as Jews. |
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==See also== |
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*[[Criticism of Judaism]] |
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*[[Talmud#Criticism|Criticism of the Talmud]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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{{Ibid|date=July 2010}} |
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<references/> |
<references/> |
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==External links== |
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{{JewishEncyclopedia}} |
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*''Jewish Encyclopedia'': [https://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/4365-christiani-pablo "Christiani, Pablo"] by Richard Gottheil & Isaac Broydé (1906). Now in public domain. |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism]] |
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism]] |
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[[Category:French |
[[Category:French Dominicans]] |
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[[Category:Critics of Judaism]] |
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[[Category:13th-century people from the Kingdom of Aragon]] |
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[[Category:13th-century Aragonese Jews]] |
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[[Category:Spanish Roman Catholic priests]] |
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[[fr:Pablo Christiani]] |
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[[he:פאבלוס כריסטיאני]] |
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Latest revision as of 18:05, 19 May 2024
Pablo Christiani (or Paul Christian; né "Saúl" or "NN שאול בן" ) was a Sephardic Jew who, having converted to Christianity, used his position as a Dominican friar to endeavor to convert other Jews in Europe to Roman Catholicism.
Early life and conversion
[edit]Saúl (Shaul ben NN) was born in 13th-Century Spain to a pious Jewish family,[1] and he is believed to have been a student of Rabbi Eliezer of Tarascon.[2] Having married a Jewish woman and fathered children with her, he took his children from his wife when he left her after he converted himself and the children to Roman Catholicism.[3] He then joined the Dominican Order as a friar.[1]
Disputation of Barcelona and aftermath
[edit]Prior to the 1263 Disputation of Barcelona, he followed Nicholas Donin's lead in attempting to ban the Talmud, which he argued had "irrational" textual material.[4] As for his participation in the Disputation, it was his attempt to convert Nahmanides and other fellow Jews to Christianity. The failure to convert anybody during the Disputation did not, however, discourage Christiani. Through the agency of Raymond de Penyafort and with letters of protection from King James I of Aragon, he went on missionary journeys and compelled Jews everywhere to listen to his speeches and answer his questions, both in synagogues and wherever else he pleased. He even required his audiences to defray the expenses of his missions.
Campaign against Talmud and immigration to France
[edit]In spite of the protection granted him by the king, Christiani did not meet with the success that he had expected on his missions. He, therefore, in 1264 went to Pope Clement IV and denounced the Talmud by making assertions that it contained passages that were derogatory in regards to Jesus and Mary. He thus persuaded the pope to issue a bull that commanded the bishop of Tarragona to submit all copies of the Talmud to scrutiny by the Dominicans and Franciscans.
The bishop of Tarragona then ordered King James to appoint a commission that consisted of Christiani and others to act as censors of the Talmud. Christiani and the rest of the commission hence redacted all passages that they deemed were hostile to Christianity.
Five years later, Christiani interceded with King Louis IX of France and obtained from him the permission to enforcement of the canonical edict that required Jews to wear badges that would single them out as Jews.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]External links
[edit]- Jewish Encyclopedia: "Christiani, Pablo" by Richard Gottheil & Isaac Broydé (1906). Now in public domain.
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