Jump to content

Munsee: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Calling the Main Tribe of an Indian Nation a tribe. They are called nations, last I checked!
Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5
 
(48 intermediate revisions by 33 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Band of Lenape Native Americans}}
{{other uses}}
{{other uses}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
{{more footnotes|date=July 2013}}
| group = Munsee
| native_name = Monsiyok
| native_name_lang = lang-del
| image = File:Lindenwald Harvest Day at Martin Van Buren National Historic Site in September 2009 (96205bba-028e-4684-b2d2-15089f2cd6af).jpg
| image_caption = [[Stockbridge Munsee Community]] members in [[Wisconsin]] in 2009
⚫
| image_alt = Stockbridge Munsee Community citizens
| image_upright =
| total = <!-- total population worldwide -->
| total_year = <!-- year of total population -->
| total_source = <!-- source of total population; may be ''census'' or ''estimate'' -->
| total_ref = <!-- references supporting total population -->
| regions = Formerly: [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]], and [[Pennsylvania]].<ref name="weslager"/> Presently: [[Oklahoma]], [[Ontario]], and [[Wisconsin]].<ref name=ohs/>
| languages = [[English language|English]] currently and the [[Munsee language]] historically
| religions =
| related_groups = Other [[Lenape]] peoples
| footnotes =
}}
{{Infobox ethnonym|person= [[Munsee|Monsi]],<br/>[[Lenape|Lënape]] |people= [[Munsee|Monsiyok]],<br/>[[Lenape|Lënapeyok]] |language=[[Munsee language|Monsii èlixsuwakàn]],<br/>[[Delaware languages|Lënapei èlixsuwakàn]] |country= [[Lenapehoking|Monsihòkink]],<br/>[[Lenapehoking|Lënapehòkink]]}}
The '''Munsee''' ({{lang-del|'''Monsiyok'''}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Munsee Indians |url=https://www.talk-lenape.org/detail?id=13056Online |website=Lenape Talking Dictionary |publisher=Delaware Tribe of Indians |access-date=21 January 2023 |date=2023 |archive-date=21 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121031318/https://www.talk-lenape.org/detail?id=13056Online |url-status=live }}</ref> are a subtribe and one of the three divisions of the [[Lenape]]. Historically, they lived along the upper portion of the [[Delaware River]], the [[Minisink]], and the adjacent country in [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]], and [[Pennsylvania]]. They were prominent in the early history of New York and New Jersey, being among the first Indigenous peoples of that region to encounter [[Europe]]an colonizers.


== Name ==
The '''Munsee''' (or Minsi or Muncee) or '''mə́n'si·w''' in the language, called Sanhicans by the Dutch and referred as the "Rivermam" because they were found on the west side of the Hudson, are a subtribe of the [[Lenape]], originally constituting one of the three great divisions of that nation and dwelling along the upper portion of the [[Delaware River]], the [[Minisink]], and the adjacent country in [[New York (state)|New York]], [[New Jersey]], and [[Pennsylvania]]. From their principal totem they were frequently called the Wolf tribe of the Lenape. They were considered the most warlike portion of their nation and assumed the leadership in war councils. They were prominent in the early history of New York and New Jersey, being among the first nations of that region to meet the [[Europe]]an settlers.
The name is also spelled Minsi, Muncee, or mə́n'si·w. ''Munsee'' derives from ''Minsi'', which in turn comes from ''[[Min-asin-ink]]'' (also Minisink), a placename that translates as "at the place where stones are gathered together."<ref name="ohs">{{cite web |last1=Bennett-Jones |first1=Julie |title=Stockbridge-Munsee |url=https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=ST039 |website=The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture |publisher=Oklahoma Historical Society |access-date=20 January 2023 |archive-date=8 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708155308/https://www.okhistory.org/publications/enc/entry?entry=ST039 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Background==
== Territory ==
The Munsee originally occupied the headwaters of the Delaware River in present-day New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, extending south to the [[Lehigh River]], and also held the west bank of the [[Hudson River]] from the [[Catskill Mountains|Catskill mountains]] nearly to the New Jersey line. They were bordered by the [[Mahican]] and [[Wappinger]] on the north and east, and the Lenape (Delaware) on the south and southeast. They were regarded as a buffer between the southern Lenape and the Iroquois Confederacy based in present-day New York south of the Great Lakes. Their council village was Minisink, probably in [[Sussex County, New Jersey]]. The bands along the Hudson were prominent in the early history of New York, but as European-American settlements increased, most of the Munsee moved south to join their relatives along the Delaware.<ref name=Handbook>''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico,'' Vol.3, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, 1912</ref><!--Use updated information; more research has been done -->
The Munsee originally occupied the headwaters of the [[Delaware River]] in present-day [[New York (state)|New York]],<ref name=ohs/> [[New Jersey]], and [[Pennsylvania]],<ref name="weslager"/> extending south to the [[Lehigh River]], and also held the west bank of the [[Hudson River]] from the [[Catskill Mountains]] nearly to the New Jersey line. They were bordered by the [[Mohican]] and [[Wappinger]] on the north and east, and fellow Lenape (Delaware) on the south and southeast. They were regarded as a buffer between the southern Lenape and the Iroquois Confederacy based in present-day New York south of the Great Lakes. Their council village was [[Minisink]], probably in [[Sussex County, New Jersey]]. The bands along the Hudson were prominent in the early history of New York, but as European-American settlements increased, most of the Munsee moved south to join their relatives along the Delaware.<ref name=Handbook>''Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico,'' Vol.3, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, 1912</ref><!--Use updated information; more research has been done -->


==History==
== History ==
=== 16th and 17th centuries ===
In 1663 they aided the [[Esopus tribe]] in attacking the [[Dutch people|Dutch]] colonists, and were defeated by [[Martin Cregier]] (see [[Esopus Wars]]). By a noted fraudulent treaty known as the [[Walking Purchase]], the main body of the Munsee was forced to move from the Delaware River about the year 1740. They settled on the [[Susquehanna River]], on lands assigned them by the [[Iroquois]] - (Ong we Oweh - "The only true men"). Soon afterward they moved westward, joining the main Lenape nation on the [[Ohio River]]. Most became incorporated with that group. In 1756 those remaining in New York were placed upon lands in Schoharie County and were incorporated with the Mohawk.<ref name=Handbook/>
In 1669, the Munsee aided the [[Esopus people]] in attacking the [[Dutch people|Dutch]] colonists, and were defeated by [[Martin Cregier]] in the [[Esopus Wars]]. By a fraudulent treaty known as the [[Walking Purchase]], the main body of the Munsee was forced to move from the Delaware River about the year 1740. They settled on the [[Susquehanna River]], on lands assigned them by the [[Haudenosaunee]] (Iroquois, 'ökwé'ö:weh - "The only true men"). Soon afterward they moved west, joining the main Lenape settlements on the [[Ohio River]]. Most became incorporated with that group. In 1756, those remaining in New York were placed upon lands in [[Schoharie County, New York|Schoharie County]] and were incorporated with the [[Mohawk people|Mohawk]].<ref name=Handbook/>


A considerable body, the [[Christian Munsee]], who were converted by the [[Moravian Church|Moravian]] missionaries, drew off from the rest and formed a separate organization, most of them moving to [[Canada]] during the [[American Revolution]]. Others joined [[Ojibwa]] and [[Mahican|Stockbridge people]] in [[Wisconsin]]. The majority were incorporated in the Lenape, with whom they participated in their subsequent wars and removals.
A considerable body, the [[Christian Munsee]], who were converted by the [[Moravian Church|Moravian]] missionaries,<ref name="weslager">{{cite book |author1=C.A. Weslager |author1-link=Enrollment List of Chippewa and Delaware-Munsies Living in Franklin County, Kansas |title=Federal Acknowledgment Administrative Procedures Act of 1989 |date=1989 |publisher=US Government Printing Office |location=Washington, DC |page=234 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jDU0lkxwhp4C |access-date=2024-05-18 |archive-date=2023-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022173704/https://books.google.com/books?id=jDU0lkxwhp4C |url-status=live }}</ref> drew off from the rest and formed a separate organization, most of them moving to [[Canada]] during the [[American Revolution]].


=== 18th century ===
Those who kept the name of Munsee were in three bands in the early 20th century, in Canada and the United States. Two had consolidated with remnants of other nations, so that no separate census is available. These nations were the Munsee of the Thames, Ontario, [[Canada]], 120 (now recognized as a [[First Nation]] known as the [[Delaware Nation at Moraviantown]]; Chippewa and Munsee [[Franklin County, Kansas]], 90 )they had a federal reservation together from 1859 but dissolved their tribal relations in 1900); and Stockbridge and Munsee, Green Bay Agency, Wisconsin, 530.<ref name=Handbook/> The [[Stockbridge-Munsee Community]] is a [[federally recognized tribe]] in Wisconsin, United States.
Some Christian Munsee joined the [[Ojibwe]] and [[Mahican|Stockbridge people]] in [[Wisconsin]]. The majority joined the rest of the Lenape, with whom they participated in their subsequent wars and removals.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}

In 1837, Christian Munsees, also called Delaware-Munsies, settled among fellow Lenape in [[Kansas]]. In 1859, the Christian Munsees moved to [[Franklin County, Kansas]], and joined a band of [[Ojibwe]] people who had migrated south from Michigan.<ref name="weslager"/> By 1891, the combined community numbered 85, and the US government formed an [[Indian reservation]] for them.<ref name="weslager"/> The reservation was broken into individual land allotments in 1900.<ref>{{cite book |author1=C.A. Weslager |author1-link=Enrollment List of Chippewa and Delaware-Munsies Living in Franklin County, Kansas |title=Federal Acknowledgment Administrative Procedures Act of 1989 |date=1989 |publisher=US Government Printing Office |location=Washington, DC |page=235 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jDU0lkxwhp4C |access-date=2024-05-18 |archive-date=2023-10-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022173704/https://books.google.com/books?id=jDU0lkxwhp4C |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== 20th and 21st centuries ===
The Lenape who kept the name of Munsee were in three bands in the early 20th century in Canada and the United States. Two had consolidated with remnants of other nations so that no separate census is available. These nations were:
* [[Eelūnaapèewii Lahkèewiit]], formerly the [[Delaware Nation at Moraviantown]] and [[Munsee of the Thames]], a First Nation headquartered near [[Thamesville, Ontario]]
* Chippewa and Munsee, [[Franklin County, Kansas]]
* [[Stockbridge-Munsee Community]] at Green Bay Agency, Wisconsin,<ref name=Handbook/> now a [[federally recognized tribe]]


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Muncie, Indiana]], location of [[Ball State University]]
* [[Christian Munsee]]
* [[Minisink]]
* [[Munsee-Delaware Nation]]
* [[Munsee language]]
* [[Moravian 47, Ontario]]
⚫
* [[Stockbridge-Munsee Community]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
Line 26: Line 52:


==References==
==References==
*{{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Munsees}}
* {{Cite AmCyc|wstitle=Munsees}}
*{{NIE|wstitle=Munsee|year=1905}}
* {{NIE|wstitle=Munsee|year=1905}}
*Penford, Saxby Voulaer., "Romantic Suffern - The History of Suffern, New York, from the Earliest Times to the Incorporation of the Village in 1896", Tallman, N.Y., 1955, (1st Edition)
* Penford, Saxby Voulaer., "Romantic Suffern - The History of Suffern, New York, from the Earliest Times to the Incorporation of the Village in 1896", Tallman, N.Y., 1955, (1st Edition)


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Munsee}}
* [http://delawarenation.on.ca Eelūnaapèewii Lahkèewiit, Delaware Nation at Moraviantown]
* [https://www.mohican.com Stockbridge-Munsee Community Band of Mohican Indians]
*{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Munsee Indians |short=x}}
*{{Cite Americana|wstitle=Munsee Indians |short=x}}

{{authority control}}


[[Category:Algonquian ethnonyms]]
[[Category:Algonquian ethnonyms]]
Line 38: Line 69:
[[Category:Lenape]]
[[Category:Lenape]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in New Jersey]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in New York]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:People of New Netherland]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in Wisconsin]]
[[Category:People from New Netherland]]

Latest revision as of 14:22, 18 May 2024

For other uses, see Munsee (disambiguation).
Munsee
Monsiyok
Stockbridge Munsee Community citizens
Stockbridge Munsee Community members in Wisconsin in 2009
Regions with significant populations
Formerly: New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.[1] Presently: Oklahoma, Ontario, and Wisconsin.[2]
Languages
English currently and the Munsee language historically
Related ethnic groups
Other Lenape peoples
PersonMonsi,
Lënape
PeopleMonsiyok,
Lënapeyok
LanguageMonsii èlixsuwakàn,
Lënapei èlixsuwakàn
CountryMonsihòkink,
Lënapehòkink

The Munsee (Delaware: Monsiyok)[3] are a subtribe and one of the three divisions of the Lenape. Historically, they lived along the upper portion of the Delaware River, the Minisink, and the adjacent country in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. They were prominent in the early history of New York and New Jersey, being among the first Indigenous peoples of that region to encounter European colonizers.

Name

[edit]

The name is also spelled Minsi, Muncee, or mə́n'si·w. Munsee derives from Minsi, which in turn comes from Min-asin-ink (also Minisink), a placename that translates as "at the place where stones are gathered together."[2]

Territory

[edit]

The Munsee originally occupied the headwaters of the Delaware River in present-day New York,[2] New Jersey, and Pennsylvania,[1] extending south to the Lehigh River, and also held the west bank of the Hudson River from the Catskill Mountains nearly to the New Jersey line. They were bordered by the Mohican and Wappinger on the north and east, and fellow Lenape (Delaware) on the south and southeast. They were regarded as a buffer between the southern Lenape and the Iroquois Confederacy based in present-day New York south of the Great Lakes. Their council village was Minisink, probably in Sussex County, New Jersey. The bands along the Hudson were prominent in the early history of New York, but as European-American settlements increased, most of the Munsee moved south to join their relatives along the Delaware.[4]

History

[edit]

16th and 17th centuries

[edit]

In 1669, the Munsee aided the Esopus people in attacking the Dutch colonists, and were defeated by Martin Cregier in the Esopus Wars. By a fraudulent treaty known as the Walking Purchase, the main body of the Munsee was forced to move from the Delaware River about the year 1740. They settled on the Susquehanna River, on lands assigned them by the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois, 'ökwé'ö:weh - "The only true men"). Soon afterward they moved west, joining the main Lenape settlements on the Ohio River. Most became incorporated with that group. In 1756, those remaining in New York were placed upon lands in Schoharie County and were incorporated with the Mohawk.[4]

A considerable body, the Christian Munsee, who were converted by the Moravian missionaries,[1] drew off from the rest and formed a separate organization, most of them moving to Canada during the American Revolution.

18th century

[edit]

Some Christian Munsee joined the Ojibwe and Stockbridge people in Wisconsin. The majority joined the rest of the Lenape, with whom they participated in their subsequent wars and removals.[citation needed]

In 1837, Christian Munsees, also called Delaware-Munsies, settled among fellow Lenape in Kansas. In 1859, the Christian Munsees moved to Franklin County, Kansas, and joined a band of Ojibwe people who had migrated south from Michigan.[1] By 1891, the combined community numbered 85, and the US government formed an Indian reservation for them.[1] The reservation was broken into individual land allotments in 1900.[5]

20th and 21st centuries

[edit]

The Lenape who kept the name of Munsee were in three bands in the early 20th century in Canada and the United States. Two had consolidated with remnants of other nations so that no separate census is available. These nations were:

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e C.A. Weslager (1989). Federal Acknowledgment Administrative Procedures Act of 1989. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p. 234. Archived from the original on 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
  2. ^ a b c Bennett-Jones, Julie. "Stockbridge-Munsee". The Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture. Oklahoma Historical Society. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
  3. ^ "Munsee Indians". Lenape Talking Dictionary. Delaware Tribe of Indians. 2023. Archived from the original on 21 January 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  4. ^ a b c Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico, Vol.3, Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology, 1912
  5. ^ C.A. Weslager (1989). Federal Acknowledgment Administrative Procedures Act of 1989. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. p. 235. Archived from the original on 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

References

[edit]
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Munsee.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Munsee&oldid=1224453228"