Jump to content

Adalbero of Würzburg: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
- defsort
→‎Sources: per it documentation, commonscat goes at the top of the last section
 
(46 intermediate revisions by 32 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Catholic saint, bishop of Würzburg (1010–1090)}}
⚫
[[Image:Pfarrkirche Liesing - Adalbero.jpg|thumb|Portrait of Adalbero in stained glass in the parish church of [[Liesing]]]]
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2023}}
⚫
'''Adalbero of Würzburg''' or '''Saint Adalbero''' (c. [[1010]] - 6 October 1090) was [[Bishop of Würzburg]] and Count of Lambach-Wels.
{{Infobox saint
⚫
| honorific_prefix = Saint
⚫
| name = Adalbero of Würzburg
| honorific_suffix =
| image = Pfarrkirche Liesing - Adalbero.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
⚫
| caption = Adalbero in stained glass in the parish church of [[Liesing]]
| titles = Bishop
| birth_name =
| birth_date = c. 1010
| birth_place = Lambach an der Traun
| home_town =
| residence =
| death_date = 6 October 1090
| death_place = Lambach an der Traun
| venerated_in =
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date = 1883
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by = [[Pope Leo XIII]]
| major_shrine =
| feast_day = 6 October
| attributes =
| patronage =
| issues =
| suppressed_date =
| suppressed_by =
| influences =
| influenced =
| tradition =
| major_works =
| module =
}}

⚫
'''Adalbero of Würzburg''' (or '''Saint Adalbero'''; {{circa}} 1010 – 6 October 1090) was [[Bishop of Würzburg]] and Count of Lambach-Wels.

==Life==
==Life==
He was the son of Count Arnold II of Lambach in [[Upper Austria]] (of the family of the Counts of Formbach) and his wife the Countess Reginlint. He was born around 1010 in [[Lambach an der Traun]]. After his studies in the cathedral school at [[Würzburg]] Adalbero entered the service of King [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]], who in 1045 nominated him as successor to [[Bruno of Würzburg|Bruno]] as Bishop of Würzburg.
Born around 1010 in [[Lambach]] an der Traun, Adalbero was the youngest son of Count Arnold II of Lambach in [[Upper Austria]] (of the family of the Counts of Formbach) and his wife the Countess Reginlindis.<ref name=dioceze>[https://heilige.bistum-wuerzburg.de/heilige/hl-adalbero/ "Hl. Adalbero von Würzburg", Heilige und Selige, Diöceze Würtzburg]</ref> Adalbero was the nephew of Bishop [[Bruno of Würzburg]].<ref name=Lins>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15718a.htm Lins, Joseph. "Diocese of Würzburg." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 10 June 2018</ref> After his studies in the cathedral school at [[Würzburg]] and later in Paris, Adalbero became a canon of Würzburg. In 1045, King [[Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry III]], nominated Adalbero successor to Bruno as Bishop of Würzburg.<ref name=white>[https://www.biblicalcyclopedia.com/A/adalbero.html "Adalbero", ''The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature''. (James Strong and John McClintock, eds.); Harper and Brothers; NY; 1880]{{PD-notice}}</ref>


Bishop Adalbero continued the construction of the new cathedral begun by Bruno and established the "Neumünsterkirche" (''"New Minster Church"'') (built between 1058 and 1063). Significant contributions in the reform of ecclesiastical life are attributed to him. He was in close contact with the reformers at [[Cluny Abbey|Cluny]], [[Gorze Abbey|Gorze]] and [[Hirsau Abbey|Hirsau]]. He brought the monk Egbert from Gorze, who proved extremely effective firstly in bringing about the renewal of [[Münsterschwarzach Abbey]] and then, through the spread of the subsequent '''Münsterschwarzach Reforms''', in exerting an influence far beyond it, from [[Harsefeld]] near [[Stade]] in the north to [[Melk Abbey|Melk]] and [[Lambach Abbey|Lambach]] (a reformed Benedictine abbey founded by Adalbero himself in the castle of his family) in the south. In 1057 Adalbero re-settled the [[St. Stephen's Abbey, Würzburg|abbey of St. Peter, Paul and Stephen in Würzburg]], until then a college of [[Canons Regular|canons regular]], with Benedictines from Münsterschwarzach.
Bishop Adalbero continued the construction of the new [[Würzburg Cathedral]] begun by Bruno,<ref name=heiligen>[https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienA/Adalbero_von_Wuerzburg.htm "Adalbero von Würzburg", Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon]</ref> adding the east crypt and the east choir. He established the [[Neumünster, Würzburg|"Neumünsterkirche"]] (''"New Minster Church"'') (built between 1058 and 1063). Significant contributions in the reform of ecclesiastical life are attributed to him. He was in close contact with the reformers at [[Cluny Abbey|Cluny]], [[Gorze Abbey|Gorze]] and [[Hirsau Abbey|Hirsau]]. He brought the monk Egbert from Gorze, who proved extremely effective firstly in bringing about the renewal of [[Münsterschwarzach Abbey]] and then, through the spread of the subsequent '''Münsterschwarzach Reforms''', in exerting an influence far beyond it, from ''[[Harsefeld]]'' {{Interlanguage link multi|Harsefeld Archabbey|de|3=Kloster Harsefeld|lt=''Archabbey''}} near [[Stade]] in the north to [[Melk Abbey|Melk]].


In 1056 he began the restoration of the [[Lambach Abbey]], founded by his father in the family castle.<ref name=Bertocchi>[http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/73360 Bertocchi, Pietro. "Beato Adalberone di Wurzburg", July 22, 2011]</ref> After the death of Henry III that same year, Adalbero, godfather to [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]], spent more time attending court,<ref name=heiligen/> where he gained a reputation as an advisor and mediator. He also intensified his involvement in the councils of the empire and in synods.
⚫
After the death of Henry III, Adalbero intensified his involvement in the councils of the empire and the court and in synods, and gained a reputation as an advisor and mediator. In 1066 in Würzburg he performed the marriage ceremony between [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] and Bertha of Savoy. Together with other princes he brokered the Peace of Speyer in 1075.
⚫
In 1057 Adalbero re-settled the [[St. Stephen's Abbey, Würzburg|abbey of St. Peter, Paul and Stephen in Würzburg]], until then a college of [[Canons Regular]], with Benedictines from Münsterschwarzach.
⚫
In 1066 in Würzburg he performed the marriage ceremony between [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] and Bertha of Savoy. Together with other princes he brokered the Peace of Speyer in 1075.


In the [[Investiture Controversy]] which broke out shortly afterwards Adalbero took the side of [[Pope Gregory VII]] in opposition to Henry IV. Gregory objected to the practice of the appointment of bishops being vested in territorial princes rather than in the papacy. The [[Synod of Worms]] however supported Henry against Gregory's ideas and declared the Pope deposed, whereupon Gregory excommunicated Henry, forcing him to go to the Pope at [[Canossa]] to beg for absolution.
In the [[Investiture controversy]] which broke out shortly afterwards, Adalbero took the side of [[Pope Gregory VII]] in opposition to Henry IV.<ref name=dioceze/> Gregory objected to the practice of the appointment of bishops being vested in territorial princes rather than in the papacy. The [[Synod of Worms (1076)|Synod of Worms]] however supported Henry against Gregory's ideas and declared the Pope deposed, whereupon Gregory excommunicated Henry, forcing him to go to the Pope at [[Canossa]] to seek absolution.


Having obtained this, however, the dependency of the bishops on the king was once again reinforced. Adalbero and other princes therefore in 1077 appointed as anti-king Duke [[Rudolf of Rheinfelden]]. The citizens of Würzburg however remained loyal to Henry IV and barred Adalbero's return to the city, to which King Henry appointed a series of anti-bishops. Adalbero rejected all attempts at mediation, saying that he would die rather than yield. At the Synod of Mainz in 1085 therefore he was formally deposed and banished.
Having obtained this, however, the dependency of the bishops on the king was once again reinforced. Adalbero and other princes therefore in March 1077 appointed as anti-king Duke [[Rudolf of Rheinfelden]].<ref name=dioceze/> Henry IV, hastened to return to Germany, and in the same year besieged Wurzburg. Wurzburg was strategically important because it controlled communications between the rebel areas of Saxony and Swabia.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=mzwpq6bLHhMC&dq=Adalbero+of+W%C3%BCrzburg&pg=RA2-PA130 Schoenfeld, Edward. "Pleichfeld, Battle of", ''The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology'', Volume 1, (Clifford J. Rogers, ed.) Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 130]{{ISBN| 9780195334036}}</ref> Having succeeded in raising the citizens against Adalbero, the bishop had to leave the city.<ref name=white/> King Henry appointed a series of anti-bishops.


In 1086 Rudolf of Rheinfelden returned him to Würzburg, but he was soon ejected again. He remained faithful to the pope, and thereafter immersed himself in work at his monastery in Lambach. He was also co-founder of [[Zwiefalten Abbey]] in [[Swabia]]. On 6 October 1090 he died in Lambach and was buried in the abbey church which he himself had founded and dedicated.
In 1086 Rudolf of Rheinfelden returned him to Würzburg, but he was soon ejected again.<ref name=white/> Adalbero rejected all attempts at mediation, saying that he would die rather than yield. At the Synod of Mainz in 1085 therefore he was formally deposed and forced into exile.<ref name=Lins/> He remained faithful to the pope, and was sent to his monastery in Lambach. In 1088 Adalberone renounced his episcopal dignity and dedicated the monastery of Komburg, near Schwabisch Hall, in Württemberg. The following year, he was also co-founder of [[Zwiefalten Abbey]] in [[Swabia]]. On 6 October 1090 he died in Lambach and was buried in the abbey church which he himself had founded and dedicated.


==Veneration==
==Veneration==
Soon after his death he began to be venerated as a saint in his Austrian home, and his veneration in Münsterschwarzach is evidenced since the 17th century.
Soon after his death he began to be venerated as a saint in his Austrian home, and his veneration in Münsterschwarzach is evidenced since the 17th century.


In 1883 [[Pope Leo]] confirmed Adalbero a saint in the worldwide church. In the "Neumünsterkirche" in Würzburg since 1948 there has been a glass shrine, by Josef Amberg, containing a thighbone of Adalbero as a relic. Also in Würzburg is the neo-Romanesque St. Adalbero's church.
In 1883 [[Pope Leo XIII|Pope Leo]] confirmed Adalbero a saint in the worldwide church.<ref name=Bertocchi/> In the [[Neumünster, Würzburg|"Neumünsterkirche"]] in Würzburg since 1948 there has been a glass shrine, by Josef Amberg, containing a thighbone of Adalbero as a relic. Also in Würzburg is the neo-Romanesque St. Adalbero's church.


==External links==
===Iconography===
Adalberone is represented with a church in his hand.<ref name=Bertocchi/>
{{commonscat}}
*[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=1111 Saints Online]
*{{de icon}} [http://www.heiligenlexikon.de/BiographienA/Adalbero_von_Wuerzburg.htm Heiligenlexikon]
<!--{{Vorgänger-Nachfolger|VORGÄNGER=[[Bruno von Würzburg|Bruno]]|NACHFOLGER=[[Emehard]]|AMT=[[Liste der Bischöfe von Würzburg|Bischof von Würzburg]]|ZEIT=[[1045]]-[[1090]]}}-->


==References==
⚫
[[Category:Austrian saints]]
{{Reflist}}
⚫
[[Category:Bishops of Würzburg]]

⚫
[[Category:11th-century Roman Catholic bishops]]
==Sources==
[[Category:Austrian bishops]]
{{Commons category|Adalbero of Würzburg}}
* {{cite book|last1=Engel|first1=Wilhelm|title=Adalbero, Bischof von Würzburg. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB)|date=1953|publisher=Duncker & Humblot|location=Berlin|isbn=3-428-00182-6|page=41|url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd118646834.html#ndbcontent|language=de}}

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Adalbero of Wurzburg}}
⚫
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Würzburg]]
⚫
[[Category:11th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Bavaria]]
⚫
[[Category:Austrian Roman Catholic bishops]]
[[Category:Austrian Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:Austrian Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholic saints]]
[[Category:1010s births]]
[[Category:1010s births]]
[[Category:1090 deaths]]
[[Category:1090 deaths]]
[[Category:11th-century Christian saints]]
[[Category:11th-century Christian saints]]

⚫
[[de:Adalbero von Würzburg]]
[[es:Adalbero]]
[[it:Sant'Adalberone]]

Latest revision as of 12:28, 18 May 2024

Saint

Adalbero of Würzburg
Adalbero in stained glass in the parish church of Liesing
Bishop
Bornc. 1010
Lambach an der Traun
Died6 October 1090
Lambach an der Traun
Canonized1883 by Pope Leo XIII
Feast6 October

Adalbero of Würzburg (or Saint Adalbero; c. 1010 – 6 October 1090) was Bishop of Würzburg and Count of Lambach-Wels.

Life

[edit]

Born around 1010 in Lambach an der Traun, Adalbero was the youngest son of Count Arnold II of Lambach in Upper Austria (of the family of the Counts of Formbach) and his wife the Countess Reginlindis.[1] Adalbero was the nephew of Bishop Bruno of Würzburg.[2] After his studies in the cathedral school at Würzburg and later in Paris, Adalbero became a canon of Würzburg. In 1045, King Henry III, nominated Adalbero successor to Bruno as Bishop of Würzburg.[3]

Bishop Adalbero continued the construction of the new Würzburg Cathedral begun by Bruno,[4] adding the east crypt and the east choir. He established the "Neumünsterkirche" ("New Minster Church") (built between 1058 and 1063). Significant contributions in the reform of ecclesiastical life are attributed to him. He was in close contact with the reformers at Cluny, Gorze and Hirsau. He brought the monk Egbert from Gorze, who proved extremely effective firstly in bringing about the renewal of Münsterschwarzach Abbey and then, through the spread of the subsequent Münsterschwarzach Reforms, in exerting an influence far beyond it, from Harsefeld Archabbey [de] near Stade in the north to Melk.

In 1056 he began the restoration of the Lambach Abbey, founded by his father in the family castle.[5] After the death of Henry III that same year, Adalbero, godfather to Henry IV, spent more time attending court,[4] where he gained a reputation as an advisor and mediator. He also intensified his involvement in the councils of the empire and in synods.

In 1057 Adalbero re-settled the abbey of St. Peter, Paul and Stephen in Würzburg, until then a college of Canons Regular, with Benedictines from Münsterschwarzach. In 1066 in Würzburg he performed the marriage ceremony between Henry IV and Bertha of Savoy. Together with other princes he brokered the Peace of Speyer in 1075.

In the Investiture controversy which broke out shortly afterwards, Adalbero took the side of Pope Gregory VII in opposition to Henry IV.[1] Gregory objected to the practice of the appointment of bishops being vested in territorial princes rather than in the papacy. The Synod of Worms however supported Henry against Gregory's ideas and declared the Pope deposed, whereupon Gregory excommunicated Henry, forcing him to go to the Pope at Canossa to seek absolution.

Having obtained this, however, the dependency of the bishops on the king was once again reinforced. Adalbero and other princes therefore in March 1077 appointed as anti-king Duke Rudolf of Rheinfelden.[1] Henry IV, hastened to return to Germany, and in the same year besieged Wurzburg. Wurzburg was strategically important because it controlled communications between the rebel areas of Saxony and Swabia.[6] Having succeeded in raising the citizens against Adalbero, the bishop had to leave the city.[3] King Henry appointed a series of anti-bishops.

In 1086 Rudolf of Rheinfelden returned him to Würzburg, but he was soon ejected again.[3] Adalbero rejected all attempts at mediation, saying that he would die rather than yield. At the Synod of Mainz in 1085 therefore he was formally deposed and forced into exile.[2] He remained faithful to the pope, and was sent to his monastery in Lambach. In 1088 Adalberone renounced his episcopal dignity and dedicated the monastery of Komburg, near Schwabisch Hall, in Württemberg. The following year, he was also co-founder of Zwiefalten Abbey in Swabia. On 6 October 1090 he died in Lambach and was buried in the abbey church which he himself had founded and dedicated.

Veneration

[edit]

Soon after his death he began to be venerated as a saint in his Austrian home, and his veneration in Münsterschwarzach is evidenced since the 17th century.

In 1883 Pope Leo confirmed Adalbero a saint in the worldwide church.[5] In the "Neumünsterkirche" in Würzburg since 1948 there has been a glass shrine, by Josef Amberg, containing a thighbone of Adalbero as a relic. Also in Würzburg is the neo-Romanesque St. Adalbero's church.

Iconography

[edit]

Adalberone is represented with a church in his hand.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Hl. Adalbero von Würzburg", Heilige und Selige, Diöceze Würtzburg
  2. ^ a b Lins, Joseph. "Diocese of Würzburg." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 10 June 2018
  3. ^ a b c "Adalbero", The Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. (James Strong and John McClintock, eds.); Harper and Brothers; NY; 1880Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ a b "Adalbero von Würzburg", Ökumenisches Heiligenlexikon
  5. ^ a b c Bertocchi, Pietro. "Beato Adalberone di Wurzburg", July 22, 2011
  6. ^ Schoenfeld, Edward. "Pleichfeld, Battle of", The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology, Volume 1, (Clifford J. Rogers, ed.) Oxford University Press, 2010, p. 130ISBN 9780195334036

Sources

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adalbero of Würzburg.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adalbero_of_Würzburg&oldid=1224439637"