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{{Short description|First Restored Ilyas Shahi Sultan of Bengal, 1435–1459}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2011}}
{{About|the Sultan of Bengal||Nasiruddin Mahmud (disambiguation){{!}}Nasiruddin Mahmud|and|Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox royalty
{{Infobox royalty
|name = Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah
|name = Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah
|title = [[Sultan]] of [[Bengal]]
|succession = 9th [[Sultan of Bengal]]
|image =
|image =
|caption =
|caption =
|reign = 1435–1459
|succession =
|reign =1435 - 1459
|coronation =
|coronation =
|title = as-Sulṭān al-ʿAẓam al-Muʿaẓẓam Nāṣir ad-Dunyā wa ad-Dīn Abū al-Muẓaffar Maḥmūd Shāh<ref>The Philological Secretary, ''Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 43'' (1874), p.294</ref><ref name=dani>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.126929/page/n23|title=Asiatic Society of Pakistan Vol-ii|author=Ahmad Hasan Dani|author-link=Ahmad Hasan Dani|chapter=Analysis of the Inscriptions|pages=16-20}}</ref>
|Full title =
|predecessor = [[Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah]]
|predecessor = [[Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah]]<br />[[Nasir Khan of Bengal|Nasir Khan]] (''usurper'')
|successor = [[Rukunuddin Barbak Shah]]
|successor = [[Rukunuddin Barbak Shah]]
|regent =
|regent =
|spouses=
|spouses=
|issue = [[Rukunuddin Barbak Shah]]
|issue = [[Rukunuddin Barbak Shah|Barbak]]<br/>[[Jalaluddin Fateh Shah|Fateh]] <br/>[[Nuruddin Sikandar Shah|Sikandar]]
|full name = Nasiruddin Abul Muzaffar Mahmud Shah<ref>The Philological Secretary, ''Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 43'' (1874), p.294 </ref>
|house = [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty|Ilyas Shahi]]
|house = [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty|Ilyas Shahi]]
|father =
|father =
Line 20: Line 20:
|birth_name =
|birth_name =
|birth_date =
|birth_date =
|birth_place =
|birth_place = [[Bengal Sultanate]]
|death_date = 1459
|death_date = 1459
|death_place =
|death_place = [[Kahalgaon]],[[Bengal Sultanate]]
|date of burial =
|date of burial = 1459
|place of burial =
|place of burial = [[Bengal Sultanate]]
|religion = [[Islam]]
|religion = [[Sunni Islam]]
}}{{Bengal Sultanate}}
}}
'''Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah ''' ({{lang-bn|প্রথম নাসিরুদ্দিন মাহমুদ শাহ}}) (reigned: 1435–1459) was a Sultan of Bengal. He was a descendant of Sultan [[Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah]] of [[Bengal]]. Nasiruddin took the title of '''Nasiruddin Abul Muzaffar Mahmud Shah''' when he ascended to power in 1435 AD. It was twenty years since his dynasty lost the power in the first phase.
'''Nāṣiruddīn Maḥmūd Shāh''' ({{lang-bn|নাসিরউদ্দীন মাহমুদ শাহ}}, {{lang-fa|{{Nastaliq|ناصر الدین محمد شاه}}}}; {{reigned|1435–1459}}) was the first [[Sultan of Bengal]] belonging to the restored [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty]]. Formerly a farmer, he was selected as the next ruler of Bengal by the erstwhile nobility in 1435 CE, and ruled the country for over twenty years. During his peaceful reign, Bengal saw significant architectural development.<ref name=sarkar/>


==Early life and ascension==
==History==
Mahmud was born in the 14th-century into an aristocratic [[Bengali Muslim]] [[Sunni]] family in the [[Bengal Sultanate]]. His forefathers – the [[Ilyas Shahi dynasty|Ilyas Shahis]] – were the inaugural dynasty of Bengal. Despite his family's long presence in the region, Mahmud's ancestors were of [[Sistan]]i origin, hailing from what is now eastern [[Iran]] and southern [[Afghanistan]]. Mahmud experienced the rule of the [[Ganesha dynasty]] that had usurped the throne of Bengal from Mahmud's relative Sultan [[Saifuddin Hamza Shah]]. According to contemporary historian [[Firishta]], Mahmud was living a quiet life as a farmer in rural Bengal during this period.<ref name=sarkar>{{cite book |editor-last=Sarkar |editor-first=Jadunath |editor-link=Jadunath Sarkar |year=1973 |orig-year=First published 1948 |title=The History of Bengal |volume=II: Muslim Period, 1200-1757|chapter=VI: Later Ilyās Shahis and the Abyssinian Regime|location=Patna |publisher=Academica Asiatica |oclc=924890|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.24396/page/n151/mode/2up}}</ref>
⚫
During his reign, the [[Sharqi dynasty|Sharqi sultans]] of [[Jaunpur Sultanate|Jaunpur]] were involved in a deadly conflict with the [[Lodhi dynasty|Lodhi sultans]] of [[Delhi]].<ref name=bpedia>{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=ABM Shamsuddin |year=2012 |chapter=Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Nasiruddin_Mahmud_Shah |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]]}}</ref> This kept Nasiruddin Mahmud's kingdom in peace. He devoted his time to the task of reconstruction and development. He was also able to recover [[Bengal]]'s military strength. According to historians [[Nizamuddin Ahmad]] and [[Firishtah]], Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah was an ideal sultan. Another historian [[Ghulam Husain Salim]] says that by his good administration the wounds of oppression inflicted by the previous Sultan [[Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah]] were healed.<ref name=bpedia />

Nasiruddin died in 1459 AD after a reign of twenty four years.<ref>[http://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsFarEast/IndiaBengal.htm KingListsFarEast]</ref>
The last ruler of the Ganesha dynasty, Sultan [[Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah]], died in 1435-36 CE, without leaving any heirs. Firishta mentions one of the late Sultan's attendant, "''Nasir ad-Din Ghulam''", to have seized the throne after Ahmad's death. 18th-century historian [[Ghulam Husain Salim]] claims that Ahmad himself was killed by two of his attendants, Shadi Khan and Nasir Khan, who fought amongst themselves with Nasir Khan eventually taking control.<ref>{{cite book|last=Salim|first=Gulam Hussain|author2=tr. from Persian |author3=Abdus Salam |title=Riyazu-s-Salatin: History of Bengal|url=https://archive.org/details/riyazussalatinhi00saliuoft/page/118/mode/2up|year=1902|publisher=Asiatic Society, Baptist Mission Press|pages=119}}</ref> Nevertheless, the nobles of Bengal deposed Khan within his short reign of either seven days, half a day or a few hours. After discovering Mahmud's royal ancestry, the nobles subsequently installed Mahmud to the throne.<ref name="auto">{{cite book |last=Ferishta |first=Mahomed Kasim |title=History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India, Till the Year AD 1612|volume=4|publisher=Oriental Books|page=199|url=https://archive.org/details/history-of-the-rise-of-the-mahomedan-power-in-india-vol.-1/History%20Of%20The%20Rise%20Of%20The%20Mahomedan%20Power%20In%20India%2C%20Vol.%204/page/199/mode/2up|editor=Briggs, John}}</ref>

==Reign==
⚫
During his reign, the [[Sharqi dynasty|Sharqi sultans]] of [[Jaunpur Sultanate|Jaunpur]] were involved in a deadly conflict with the [[Lodhi dynasty|Lodhi sultans]] of [[Delhi]].<ref name=bpedia>{{cite book |last=Ahmed |first=ABM Shamsuddin |year=2012 |chapter=Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Nasiruddin_Mahmud_Shah |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |access-date=26 October 2015 |archive-date=1 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801033447/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Nasiruddin_Mahmud_Shah |url-status=live }}</ref> This kept Nasiruddin Mahmud's kingdom in peace. He devoted his time to the task of reconstruction and development. He was also able to recover [[Bengal]]'s military strength. According to historians [[Nizamuddin Ahmad]] and [[Firishtah]], Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah was an ideal sultan. Another historian [[Ghulam Husain Salim]] says that by his good administration the wounds of oppression inflicted by the previous Sultan [[Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah]] were healed.<ref name=bpedia />
Nasiruddin died in 1459 AD after a reign of twenty four years.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}}


===Ruling area===
===Ruling area===
During his reign, [[Khan Jahan Ali]] conquered [[Khulna]] and [[Jessore]]. According to numismatic evidence, Nasiruddin Mahmud ruled over a vast kingdom bounded by the districts of [[Bhagalpur]] to the west, [[Mymensingh]] and [[Sylhet]] to the east, [[Gauḍa (city)|Gaur]] and [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]] to the north and [[Hooghly (town)|Hughli]] to the south.<ref name=bpedia />
During his reign, [[Khan Jahan Ali]] conquered [[Khulna]] and [[Jessore (city)|Jessore]]. According to numismatic evidence, Nasiruddin Mahmud ruled over a vast kingdom bounded by the districts of [[Bhagalpur]] to the west, [[Mymensingh]] and [[Sylhet]] to the east, [[Gauḍa (city)|Gaur]] and [[Pandua, Malda|Pandua]] to the north and [[Hooghly (town)|Hughli]] to the south.<ref name=bpedia />


===Spreading Islam===
===Spreading Islam===
Line 45: Line 50:


The tomb of Khan Jahan Ali at [[Bagerhat]] and the tomb of an ''Allama'' at [[Pandua, Malda|Hazrat Pandua]] were erected during his time. He himself laid the foundations of the citadel and palace at Gaur. Among them, a five-arched stone-bridge, part of the massive walls of the fort and the Kotwali Darwaza are still extant.<ref name=bpedia />
The tomb of Khan Jahan Ali at [[Bagerhat]] and the tomb of an ''Allama'' at [[Pandua, Malda|Hazrat Pandua]] were erected during his time. He himself laid the foundations of the citadel and palace at Gaur. Among them, a five-arched stone-bridge, part of the massive walls of the fort and the Kotwali Darwaza are still extant.<ref name=bpedia />

⚫
==References==
⚫
{{reflist}}

{{Ilyas}}


{{S-start}}
{{S-start}}
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{{S-ttl|title=[[Sultanate of Bengal|Sultan of Bengal]]|years=1435–1459}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Sultanate of Bengal|Sultan of Bengal]]|years=1435–1459}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Rukunuddin Barbak Shah|Barbak Shah]]}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Rukunuddin Barbak Shah|Barbak Shah]]}}
{{end}}
{{s-end}}


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahmud Shah, Nasiruddin}}
==See also==
*[[List of rulers of Bengal]]
*[[History of Bengal]]
*[[History of India]]

⚫
==References==
⚫
{{reflist}}

⚫
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahmud Shah}}
⚫
[[Category:Bengal]]
[[Category:Rulers of Bengal]]
[[Category:History of West Bengal]]
[[Category:History of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:History of Bengal]]
⚫
[[Category:History of India]]
[[Category:1459 deaths]]
[[Category:1459 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]
[[Category:15th-century Indian monarchs]]
⚫
[[Category:15th-century rulers]]
[[Category:Ilyas Shahi dynasty]]
[[Category:Ilyas Shahi dynasty]]
⚫
[[Category:15th-century Bengalis]]

⚫
[[Category:15th-century Indian Muslims]]
{{Islam-stub}}
⚫
[[Category:Sunni monarchs]]
{{Bangladesh-bio-stub}}
{{India-royal-stub}}

Latest revision as of 17:48, 16 May 2024

This article is about the Sultan of Bengal. For other uses, see Nasiruddin Mahmud and Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah.

Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah
as-Sulṭān al-ʿAẓam al-Muʿaẓẓam Nāṣir ad-Dunyā wa ad-Dīn Abū al-Muẓaffar Maḥmūd Shāh[1][2]
9th Sultan of Bengal
Reign1435–1459
PredecessorShamsuddin Ahmad Shah
Nasir Khan (usurper)
SuccessorRukunuddin Barbak Shah
BornBengal Sultanate
Died1459
Kahalgaon,Bengal Sultanate
Burial1459
Bengal Sultanate
IssueBarbak
Fateh
Sikandar
HouseIlyas Shahi
ReligionSunni Islam
Part of a series on the
Bengal Sultanate
Ruling dynasties
Subdivisions
Architecture
Culture
Economy
History of the taka
Warfare

Nāṣiruddīn Maḥmūd Shāh (Bengali: নাসিরউদ্দীন মাহমুদ শাহ, Persian: ناصر الدین محمد شاه; r. 1435–1459– ) was the first Sultan of Bengal belonging to the restored Ilyas Shahi dynasty. Formerly a farmer, he was selected as the next ruler of Bengal by the erstwhile nobility in 1435 CE, and ruled the country for over twenty years. During his peaceful reign, Bengal saw significant architectural development.[3]

Early life and ascension

[edit]

Mahmud was born in the 14th-century into an aristocratic Bengali Muslim Sunni family in the Bengal Sultanate. His forefathers – the Ilyas Shahis – were the inaugural dynasty of Bengal. Despite his family's long presence in the region, Mahmud's ancestors were of Sistani origin, hailing from what is now eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan. Mahmud experienced the rule of the Ganesha dynasty that had usurped the throne of Bengal from Mahmud's relative Sultan Saifuddin Hamza Shah. According to contemporary historian Firishta, Mahmud was living a quiet life as a farmer in rural Bengal during this period.[3]

The last ruler of the Ganesha dynasty, Sultan Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah, died in 1435-36 CE, without leaving any heirs. Firishta mentions one of the late Sultan's attendant, "Nasir ad-Din Ghulam", to have seized the throne after Ahmad's death. 18th-century historian Ghulam Husain Salim claims that Ahmad himself was killed by two of his attendants, Shadi Khan and Nasir Khan, who fought amongst themselves with Nasir Khan eventually taking control.[4] Nevertheless, the nobles of Bengal deposed Khan within his short reign of either seven days, half a day or a few hours. After discovering Mahmud's royal ancestry, the nobles subsequently installed Mahmud to the throne.[5]

Reign

[edit]

During his reign, the Sharqi sultans of Jaunpur were involved in a deadly conflict with the Lodhi sultans of Delhi.[6] This kept Nasiruddin Mahmud's kingdom in peace. He devoted his time to the task of reconstruction and development. He was also able to recover Bengal's military strength. According to historians Nizamuddin Ahmad and Firishtah, Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah was an ideal sultan. Another historian Ghulam Husain Salim says that by his good administration the wounds of oppression inflicted by the previous Sultan Shamsuddin Ahmad Shah were healed.[6] Nasiruddin died in 1459 AD after a reign of twenty four years.[citation needed]

Ruling area

[edit]

During his reign, Khan Jahan Ali conquered Khulna and Jessore. According to numismatic evidence, Nasiruddin Mahmud ruled over a vast kingdom bounded by the districts of Bhagalpur to the west, Mymensingh and Sylhet to the east, Gaur and Pandua to the north and Hughli to the south.[6]

Spreading Islam

[edit]

With the help of Khan Jahan Ali, Nasirudddin Mahmud made progress on Muslim settlements in different parts of Bengal. They constructed mosques, khanqas, tombs, and bridges, and excavated tanks. The significant mosques of his reign were the following :

The tomb of Khan Jahan Ali at Bagerhat and the tomb of an Allama at Hazrat Pandua were erected during his time. He himself laid the foundations of the citadel and palace at Gaur. Among them, a five-arched stone-bridge, part of the massive walls of the fort and the Kotwali Darwaza are still extant.[6]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ The Philological Secretary, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 43 (1874), p.294
  2. ^ Ahmad Hasan Dani. "Analysis of the Inscriptions". Asiatic Society of Pakistan Vol-ii. pp. 16–20.
  3. ^ a b Sarkar, Jadunath, ed. (1973) [First published 1948]. "VI: Later Ilyās Shahis and the Abyssinian Regime". The History of Bengal. Vol. II: Muslim Period, 1200–1757. Patna: Academica Asiatica. OCLC 924890.
  4. ^ Salim, Gulam Hussain; tr. from Persian; Abdus Salam (1902). Riyazu-s-Salatin: History of Bengal. Asiatic Society, Baptist Mission Press. p. 119.
  5. ^ Ferishta, Mahomed Kasim. Briggs, John (ed.). History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India, Till the Year AD 1612. Vol. 4. Oriental Books. p. 199.
  6. ^ a b c d e Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
Mahmud Shah of Bengal
Preceded by Sultan of Bengal
1435–1459 		Succeeded by
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