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Marion Rodgers, Tuskegee Air Force Pilot (1921–2017)

Marion Raymond "Rodge" Rodgers USAAF (23 September 1921 – 5 December 2017) was a member of the Tuskegee Airmen, a group of African-American military pilots who fought in World War II and were the first African-American military aviators in the United States armed forces.^[1]^[2]^[3] He reached the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and served the Air Force for 22 years, commanding the renowned 99th Flying Squadron of "Red Tails" after combat, then working in management for NORAD and NASA. In his nineties, as one of the last surviving members of the Tuskegee Airmen, Rodgers continued to receive media attention as he shared his experiences and was honored at several public events.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Early life and education

Rodgers was born in Detroit, Michigan, September 23, 1921. Until about the age of eight, he lived with his mother, Lola Rodgers, in Dublin, Laurens County, Georgia.^[7] His interest in aviation began when he moved with his brother to Roselle, New Jersey, and spent time watching repairmen fix a damaged biplane in a car showroom garage. When the airplane finally flew, Rodgers told an interviewer, "I was hooked."^[7]^[8]

World War II

Flight Training

When World War II broke out, a program was announced to allow African-Americans to apply for flight training. The American military at that time was still racially segregated. Rodgers, a high-school graduate, applied to the program. He was selected but could not train immediately. The Tuskegee Institute did not have the funds to support all the selectees so Rodgers was in the Army anti-aircraft artillery for about three months as a Radar Operator guiding the 90 millimeter shells to hit aerial targets. Initially he went for basic training, not to Tuskegee, but to Keesler Field, in Mississippi, along with 200 other aviation Cadet-Selectees.^[9]

His primary flight training in PT-17 Stearman Biplanes took place at Moton Field in Tuskegee, Alabama. Charles “Chief” Anderson was the instructor for all black pilots. Pilot trainees then returned to Tuskegee Army Air Field and closer military scrutiny, while they flew the Vultee BT-13A (450 horse power) for 80 hours in what was called basic training. The PT-17 had more power and was easy to land, but the new training challenged the pilots in other ways, such as acrobatics and navigation. The advanced phase for the next two months included the AT-6 (550 horse-power), which was much harder to land but easy to ground loop. Upon completion of his training in February 1944,^[10] In a biography prepared by Commemorative Air Force for its Red Tail project, he said "I made it, somehow, and was very proud. It was a segregated program. All the instructors in Basic and Advanced Training were white, but most were fair and conscientious. A few should have been somewhere else."^[7]

Missions flown

During the war, Rodgers piloted 69 missions for the Army Air Force.^[11]

In an interview Rodgers described the August 12 mission in Southern France, August 12 and 14, 1944, by the 332nd Fighter Group: "My most exciting missions were strafing missions in Southern France, Rumania, Hungary, and Germany. Tuskegee Airmen destroyed aircraft, locomotives, ammo and fuel dumps, box cars, trucks, and even radar stations. Their passes approached 600 mph and they were hundreds of miles from friendly territory."^[12]^[8]

“It was my first strafing mission," he said. "We went into the target area at 15,000 feet. I was number four man in the lead flight. Our leader brought us over the target, which were radar stations near the coast." Then he rolled his plane over on its back and went down on the target in almost a vertical dive. "I had been nervous up to this time," he said, "but when I started my dive it all left me. Now my attention was centered on bringing my ship out of the dive because it had gathered tremendous speed and the ground was rushing towards me. I still hadn’t located the target. I was slightly to the right of the ship ahead of me and I saw him veer off to the right rather sharply, but I followed the other ships ahead of me while still pushing my own ship through a near split S".^[12]^[13]^[14]

“As my ship leveled out about 50 feet above the ground, I had a glimpse of something that looked very much like the picture we had seen of radar stations. I had a chance to hold my trigger down for two seconds, then zigzagged out to sea on the deck. When I returned to the base I found out that our flight of eight had lost two ships, one of them being the ship that had veered to my right. I had no vision of the flak."^[12]^[13]

On another mission on December 3, 1944, Rodgers successfully crash landed at the Ramitelli airbase in Italy.^[15]

Rodgers cited for training accomplishments, 1956, South Korea.

After the Korean War, Rodgers was a B29 bomber pilot and helped in military training of South Koreans.

Later life

After the war, Rodgers was the last commander of the 99th Squadron, assigned by William A. Campbell, before racial integration of the Air Force in 1948 and the squadron's deactivation. Following 22 years in the Air Force, he worked in communications for NORAD and NASA.^[16]

When the film Red Tails was released in January 2012. Rodgers participated in several events of celebration, before and after the release.^[5] In an interview with the Denver Post about the film, Rodgers noted, “Our airstrips weren’t as nice as the ones shown in the film.”^[17]

At age 93, Rodgers attracted media attention when he flew once again in a P-51, courtesy the "Wish of a Lifetime" Foundation.^[18]^[19]^[20]

Although a place was reserved for him at Arlington, Rodgers opted to be buried next to his son, Thomas Stephen Rodgers, in Colorado Springs, CO. He was born Sept. 23, 1921 and died Dec. 5, 2017. He was honored by a Tuskegee manned flyover of P-51s P-51 flyover a final farewell for a Tuskegee Airman

Awards and Commemorations

For his actions during World War II, Rodgers was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross.^[21]^[22]^[23]

In 2007, although invited and family offered support, Marion Rodgers was not present when the Tuskegee Airmen were collectively awarded a Congressional Gold Medal at a ceremony in the U.S. Capitol rotunda. (He refused to leave his wife, Suzanne T., a juvenile diabetic.)

He did receive his medal. Senator Mark Udall of Colorado congratulated Rodgers and the other eight airmen from Colorado in a speech in the Colorado House of Representatives.^[24]

Along with the other Tuskegee flyers from Colorado, Rodgers is honored at the Denver International Airport in a permanent exhibit with a poster size photo and his biography.^[25] The Georgia State Assembly has formally named the intersection of US Route 80 at US 441 Bypass in Laurens County after Tuskegee Airmen Colonel Major Herndon Cummings, Colonel John Whitehead, and Colonel Marion Rodgers.^[26]^[9] In 2014, The Non-Commissioned Officers Association gave Rodgers a World War II legacy medallion.^[27]^[28]^[29]^[7]^[30]^[31]

References

^ Gropman, Alan L. (1978). The Air Force Integrates 1945–64 2E , Dianne Publishing, London, 1978, p. 358
^ Caver, Joseph; Ennels, Jerome A.; Haulman, Daniel Lee (1 January 2011). The Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History, 1939-1949. NewSouth Books. ISBN 9781588382443 – via Google Books.
^ "Nel Lampe ,"Tuskegee Airmen break color barrier", Fort Carson Mountaineer Feb. 25, 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^ Jerilee Bennett " Tuskegee Airmen Remembered", Colorado Springs Gazette, May 2, 2016.] Jerilee Bennett " Tuskegee Airmen Remembered", Colorado Springs Gazette, May 2, 2016.]
^ ^a ^b "Original Tuskegee Airmen Colorado residents Captain Samuel C. Hunter,..." Getty Images. 8 February 2013.
^ "Tuskegee Airman shares experiences with Fort Carson WTB". www.army.mil. May 2014.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Laurens County African American History: MARION RODGERS". 12 April 2013.
^ ^a ^b Scott Thompson, "Flying Man of Tuskegee", Flight Lines, September, 2014 ^{[dead link]}
^ ^a ^b "THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN OF LAURENS COUNTY, GEORGIA". Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^ "List of Tuskegee Airmen, Tuskegee University". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.
^ "Tuskegee Airman honored for service in World War II - KRDO". Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c Laurens County African American History ^{[user-generated source]}
^ ^a ^b Francis, Charles E. (26 February 1997). The Tuskegee Airmen: The Men who Changed a Nation. Branden Books. ISBN 9780828320290 – via Google Books.
^ Charles E. Francis, The Tuskegee Airmen: The Story of the Negro in the U.S. Air Force, B. Humphries, Incorporated, 1956, p. 103
^ Caver, Joseph; Ennels, Jerome A.; Haulman, Daniel Lee (1 January 2011). The Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History, 1939-1949. NewSouth Books. ISBN 9781588382443 – via Google Books.
^ "Tuskegee Airman shares experiences with Fort Carson WTB". May 2014.
^ Lisa Kennedy, "Quibbles Aside, They Did A Real Good Job..." , Denver Post, January 18, 2012/
^ "The Tri-County Sentry". Tri County Sentry -.
^ Jeremy Foster, "Tuskegee Airman Flies Over Camarillo", Ventura County Star, September 7, 2014 ]
^ "The Hero Next Door," Optimum Life Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 1, January 2015
^ Sullivan, Leo D. (8 November 2014). Leo D. Sullivan, Tuskegee Red Tails Graphic Novel, Leo Sullivan Multimedia, Inc., 2014. Leo Sullivan Multimedia, Incorporated. ISBN 9781881368106.
^ Smith, Erica (26 September 2009). "Tuskegee Airmen awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross". STLtoday.com.
^ "Air Force Historical Support Division > Home" (PDF).
^ "Congressional Record, Volume 153, Part 11, June 6, 2007 to June 15, 2007". Government Printing Office – via Google Books.
^ ""Tuskegee Airmen," Wing Tips, March 2013" (PDF). Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^ House Resolution 1331 legis.ga.gov
^ ""Tuskegee Airman Honored for Service in World War II", KRDO News, February 8, 2015". Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^ "Tuskegee Airman to be Honored at CAF So Cal Wing". Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
^ "Tuskegee Airman Honored for Service in World War II, KRDO News, February 8, 2015". Retrieved 6 January 2024.
^ "Quibbles aside, "They did a real good job," Tuskegee veteran and retired Lt. Col. Marion R. Rodgers says of "Red Tails"". 18 January 2012.
^ Francis, Charles E. (1997). The Tuskegee Airmen: The Men who Changed a Nation. Branden Books. p. 134. ISBN 978-0828320290. Marion Rogers Tuskegee.

External links

[1] Gropman, Alan L. (1978). The Air Force Integrates 1945–64 2E , Dianne Publishing, London, 1978, p. 358

[2] Caver, Joseph; Ennels, Jerome A.; Haulman, Daniel Lee (1 January 2011). The Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History, 1939-1949. NewSouth Books. ISBN 9781588382443 – via Google Books.

[3] "Nel Lampe ,"Tuskegee Airmen break color barrier", Fort Carson Mountaineer Feb. 25, 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 6 January 2024.

[4] Jerilee Bennett " Tuskegee Airmen Remembered", Colorado Springs Gazette, May 2, 2016.] Jerilee Bennett " Tuskegee Airmen Remembered", Colorado Springs Gazette, May 2, 2016.]

[auto4-5] "Original Tuskegee Airmen Colorado residents Captain Samuel C. Hunter,..." Getty Images. 8 February 2013.

[6] "Tuskegee Airman shares experiences with Fort Carson WTB". www.army.mil. May 2014.

[auto1-7] "Laurens County African American History: MARION RODGERS". 12 April 2013.

[flines-8] Scott Thompson, "Flying Man of Tuskegee", Flight Lines, September, 2014 ^{[dead link]}

[auto3-9] "THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN OF LAURENS COUNTY, GEORGIA". Retrieved 6 January 2024.

[10] "List of Tuskegee Airmen, Tuskegee University". Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.

[11] "Tuskegee Airman honored for service in World War II - KRDO". Archived from the original on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2016.

[auto-12] Laurens County African American History ^{[user-generated source]}

[auto2-13] Francis, Charles E. (26 February 1997). The Tuskegee Airmen: The Men who Changed a Nation. Branden Books. ISBN 9780828320290 – via Google Books.

[14] Charles E. Francis, The Tuskegee Airmen: The Story of the Negro in the U.S. Air Force, B. Humphries, Incorporated, 1956, p. 103

[15] Caver, Joseph; Ennels, Jerome A.; Haulman, Daniel Lee (1 January 2011). The Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History, 1939-1949. NewSouth Books. ISBN 9781588382443 – via Google Books.

[16] "Tuskegee Airman shares experiences with Fort Carson WTB". May 2014.

[17] Lisa Kennedy, "Quibbles Aside, They Did A Real Good Job..." , Denver Post, January 18, 2012/

[18] "The Tri-County Sentry". Tri County Sentry -.

[19] Jeremy Foster, "Tuskegee Airman Flies Over Camarillo", Ventura County Star, September 7, 2014 ]

[20] "The Hero Next Door," Optimum Life Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 1, January 2015

[21] Sullivan, Leo D. (8 November 2014). Leo D. Sullivan, Tuskegee Red Tails Graphic Novel, Leo Sullivan Multimedia, Inc., 2014. Leo Sullivan Multimedia, Incorporated. ISBN 9781881368106.

[22] Smith, Erica (26 September 2009). "Tuskegee Airmen awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross". STLtoday.com.

[23] "Air Force Historical Support Division > Home" (PDF).

[24] "Congressional Record, Volume 153, Part 11, June 6, 2007 to June 15, 2007". Government Printing Office – via Google Books.

[25] ""Tuskegee Airmen," Wing Tips, March 2013" (PDF). Retrieved 6 January 2024.

[26] House Resolution 1331 legis.ga.gov

[27] ""Tuskegee Airman Honored for Service in World War II", KRDO News, February 8, 2015". Retrieved 6 January 2024.

[28] "Tuskegee Airman to be Honored at CAF So Cal Wing". Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.

[29] "Tuskegee Airman Honored for Service in World War II, KRDO News, February 8, 2015". Retrieved 6 January 2024.

[30] "Quibbles aside, "They did a real good job," Tuskegee veteran and retired Lt. Col. Marion R. Rodgers says of "Red Tails"". 18 January 2012.

[31] Francis, Charles E. (1997). The Tuskegee Airmen: The Men who Changed a Nation. Branden Books. p. 134. ISBN 978-0828320290. Marion Rogers Tuskegee.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|American aviator}}
-[[File:MRRodgers-cockpit.jpg|Marion Rodgers, Tuskegee Air Force Pilot|thumb]]
+{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2022}}
+[[File:MRRodgers-cockpit.jpg|Marion Rodgers, Tuskegee Air Force Pilot
+(1921–2017)|thumb]]
-'''Marion Raymond "Rodge" Rodgers''' USAF (b. 1923) was a member of the [[Tuskegee Airmen]], a group of [[African-American]] military [[pilot (aeronautics)|pilots]] who fought in [[World War II]] and were the first African-American military aviators in the [[United States armed forces]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1efS0p-GNYMC&pg=PA269&dq=The+Air+Force+Integrates+Marion+Rodgers&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwigrrOFgPfOAhVO4WMKHVbDBK4Q6AEIIDAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Air%20Force%20Integrates%20Marion%20Rodgers&f=false GROPMAN ALAN L, The AIRFORCE INTEGRATES 1945-64 2E , Dianne Publishing,  London, 1978], p. 358</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1qC51h8HrWQC&pg=PA228&dq=marion+rodgers+red+tails&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjomcvZiPbOAhVI2mMKHYcTCWwQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=marion%20rodgers%20red%20tails&f=false Joseph Caver, Jerome A. Ennels, Daniel Lee Haulman, The Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History, 1939-1949,  NewSouth Books, p. 182]</ref><ref>[http://csmng.com/wp-files/mountaineer-weekly-pdfs/mountaineer_2011-02-25.pdf Nel Lampe ,"Tuskegee Airmen break color barrier",  Fort Carson MOUNTAINEER Feb. 25, 2011]</ref>  He reached the rank of [[lieutenant colonel]] and served the [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] for 22 years, commanding the renowned [[99th Flying Training Squadron|99th Flying Squadron]] of "Red Tails" after combat, then working in management for [[NORAD]] and [[NASA]]. In his nineties, as one of the last surviving members of the Tuskegee Airmen, Rodgers continued to receive media attention as he shared his experiences and was honored at several public events.<ref>[http://gazette.com/photos-tuskegee-airmen-celebrated-at-the-air-force-academy/article/1575319 Jerilee Bennett " Tuskegee Airmen Remembered",  Colorado Springs Gazette, May 2, 2016.<nowiki>]</nowiki>] Jerilee Bennett " Tuskegee Airmen Remembered",  Colorado Springs Gazette, May 2, 2016.]</ref><ref>[http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/original-tuskegee-airmen-colorado-residents-captain-samuel-news-photo/161194924 Hyoung Chang, Original Tuskegee Airmen Colorado residents Captain Samuel C. Hunter, Jr., and LtCol Marion Raymond Rodgers toss the coin for CU vs. Arizona game",  The Denver Post, November 12, 2011]</ref><ref>[https://www.army.mil/article/125145/Tuskegee_Airman_shares_experiences_with_Fort_Carson_WTB Andrea Stone, Tuskegee Airman shares experiences with Fort Carson WTB, U.S. Army News, May 1, 2014]</ref>
+'''Marion Raymond "Rodge" Rodgers''' USAAF  (23 September 1921 – 5 December 2017) was a member of the [[Tuskegee Airmen]], a group of [[African-American]] military [[pilot (aeronautics)|pilots]] who fought in [[World War II]] and were the first African-American military aviators in the [[United States armed forces]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1efS0p-GNYMC&dq=The+Air+Force+Integrates+Marion+Rodgers&pg=PA269 Gropman, Alan L. (1978). ''The Air Force Integrates 1945–64'' 2E , Dianne Publishing,  London, 1978], p. 358</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1qC51h8HrWQC&dq=marion+rodgers+red+tails&pg=PA228|title=The Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History, 1939-1949|first1=Joseph|last1=Caver|first2=Jerome A.|last2=Ennels|first3=Daniel Lee|last3=Haulman|date=January 1, 2011|publisher=NewSouth Books|isbn=9781588382443 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://csmng.com/wp-files/mountaineer-weekly-pdfs/mountaineer_2011-02-25.pdf|title=Nel Lampe ,"Tuskegee Airmen break color barrier", ''Fort Carson Mountaineer'' Feb. 25, 2011|accessdate=6 January 2024}}</ref>  He reached the rank of [[Lieutenant Colonel]] and served the [[United States Air Force|Air Force]] for 22 years, commanding the renowned [[99th Flying Training Squadron|99th Flying Squadron]] of "Red Tails" after combat, then working in management for [[NORAD]] and [[NASA]]. In his nineties, as one of the last surviving members of the Tuskegee Airmen, Rodgers continued to receive media attention as he shared his experiences and was honored at several public events.<ref>[http://gazette.com/photos-tuskegee-airmen-celebrated-at-the-air-force-academy/article/1575319 Jerilee Bennett " Tuskegee Airmen Remembered",  Colorado Springs Gazette, May 2, 2016.<nowiki>]</nowiki>] Jerilee Bennett " Tuskegee Airmen Remembered",  ''Colorado Springs Gazette'', May 2, 2016.]</ref><ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/original-tuskegee-airmen-colorado-residents-captain-samuel-news-photo/161194924|title=Original Tuskegee Airmen Colorado residents Captain Samuel C. Hunter,...|website=Getty Images|date=8 February 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/125145/tuskegee_airman_shares_experiences_with_fort_carson_wtb|title=Tuskegee Airman shares experiences with Fort Carson WTB|website=www.army.mil|date=May 2014 }}</ref>
 ==Early life and education==
-Rodgers was born in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]], September 23, 1921.  Until about the age of eight, he lived with his mother, Lois Rodgers, in [[Dublin, Georgia]].<ref>http://laurenscountyafricanamericanhistory.blogspot.com/2013/04/a-flying-man-of-tuskegee-sometimes-it.html</ref> His interest in aviation began when he moved with his brother to [[Roselle, New Jersey|Roselle]], New Jersey, and spent time watching repairmen fix a damaged biplane in a car showroom garage.  When the airplane finally flew, Rodgers told an interviewer, "I was hooked."<ref>http://www.orgsites.com/ca/caf-socal/FlightLineSept2014.pdf</ref><ref>http://laurenscountyafricanamericanhistory.blogspot.com/2013/04/a-flying-man-of-tuskegee-sometimes-it.html</ref>
+Rodgers was born in [[Detroit, Michigan]], September 23, 1921.  Until about the age of eight, he lived with his mother, Lola Rodgers, in [[Dublin, Laurens County, Georgia]].<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=http://laurenscountyafricanamericanhistory.blogspot.com/2013/04/a-flying-man-of-tuskegee-sometimes-it.html|title = Laurens County African American History: MARION RODGERS|date = 12 April 2013}}</ref> His interest in aviation began when he moved with his brother to [[Roselle, New Jersey]], and spent time watching repairmen fix a damaged biplane in a car showroom garage.  When the airplane finally flew, Rodgers told an interviewer, "I was hooked."<ref name="auto1"/><ref name=flines/>
 ==World War II==
@@ Line 10: / Line 13: @@
 ===Flight Training===
-[[File:Tuskegee Squadron 001 MRR 3rdfromLeft.jpg|left|300px|thumb|Tuskegee Squadrom, Marion Rodgers third from left]]
+[[File:Tuskegee Squadron 001 MRR 3rdfromLeft.jpg|left|300px|thumb|Tuskegee Squadron, Marion Rodgers third from left]]
-When World War II broke out, a program was announced to allow African-Americans to apply for flight training.  The  American military at that time was still [[Racial segregation in the United States|racially segregated]].  Rodgers, though only a high-school graduate, applied to the program. He was selected but couldn’t go immediately. The [[Tuskegee Institute]] didn't have the funds to support all the selectees so Rodgers was in the Army [[anti-aircraft artillery]] for about three months as a [[Radar|Radar Operator]] guiding the 90 millimeter shells to hit aerial targets. Initially he went for basic training not to Tuskegee but to [[Keesler Air Force Base|Keesler Field]], in Mississippi,  along with 200 other aviation Cadet-Selectees.<ref>[http://dublinlaurenscountygeorgia.blogspot.com/2014/11/the-tuskegee-airmen-of-laurens-county.html Scott Thompson,"The Tuskegee Airmen of Laurens County", Laurens County Historical Society, , November 10, 2014, retrieved September 4, 2016]</ref>
+When World War II broke out, a program was announced to allow African-Americans to apply for flight training.  The  American military at that time was still [[Racial segregation in the United States|racially segregated]].  Rodgers, a high-school graduate, applied to the program. He was selected but could not train immediately. The [[Tuskegee Institute]] did not have the funds to support all the selectees so Rodgers was in the Army [[anti-aircraft artillery]] for about three months as a [[Radar|Radar Operator]] guiding the 90 millimeter shells to hit aerial targets. Initially he went for basic training, not to Tuskegee, but to [[Keesler Air Force Base|Keesler Field]], in Mississippi, along with 200 other aviation Cadet-Selectees.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://dublinlaurenscountygeorgia.blogspot.com/2014/11/the-tuskegee-airmen-of-laurens-county.html|title=THE TUSKEGEE AIRMEN OF LAURENS COUNTY, GEORGIA|accessdate=6 January 2024}}</ref>
 [[File:Captain Marion Raymond Rodgers.jpg|thumb|Captain Marion Rodgers]]
-Primary flight training in [[PT-17]] (220 horse power) Stearman Biplanes took place at [[Moton Field]],in [[Tuskegee, Alabama]].  [[C. Alfred "Chief" Anderson|Charles “Chief” Anderson]] was the instructor for all black pilots. Rodgers flew the PT-17 65 hours.  Pilot trainees then returned  to [[Tuskegee Army Air Field]] and closer military scrutiny, while they flew the [[Vultee BT-13 Valiant|Vultee BT-13A]] (450 horse power) for 80 hours in what was called basic training. The PT-17 had more power and  was easy to land, but the new training challenged the pilots in other ways, such as acrobatics and navigation.  The advanced phase for the next two months included the [[North American T-6 Texan|AT-6]] (550 horse-power), which was much harder to land but easy to [[Ground loop (aviation)|ground loop]]. Upon completion of his training in February, 1944,<ref>[http://www.tuskegee.edu/about_us/legacy_of_fame/tuskegee_airmen/tuskegee_airmen_pilot_listing.aspx List of Tuskegee Airmen, Tuskegee University]</ref> Rodgers earned the coveted "Silver Wings' badge of an air force pilot . In a biography prepared by [[Commemorative Air Force]] for its Red Tail project, he said "I made it, somehow, and was very proud.  It was a segregated program. All the instructors in Basic and Advanced Training were white, but most were fair and conscientious. A few should have been somewhere else. "<ref>http://laurenscountyafricanamericanhistory.blogspot.com/2013/04/a-flying-man-of-tuskegee-sometimes-it.html</ref>
+His primary flight training in [[PT-17]] Stearman Biplanes took place at [[Moton Field]] in [[Tuskegee, Alabama]].  [[C. Alfred "Chief" Anderson|Charles “Chief” Anderson]] was the instructor for all black pilots.  Pilot trainees then returned  to [[Tuskegee Army Air Field]] and closer military scrutiny, while they flew the [[Vultee BT-13 Valiant|Vultee BT-13A]] (450 horse power) for 80 hours in what was called basic training. The PT-17 had more power and  was easy to land, but the new training challenged the pilots in other ways, such as acrobatics and navigation.  The advanced phase for the next two months included the [[North American T-6 Texan|AT-6]] (550 horse-power), which was much harder to land but easy to [[Ground loop (aviation)|ground loop]]. Upon completion of his training in February 1944,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tuskegee.edu/about_us/legacy_of_fame/tuskegee_airmen/tuskegee_airmen_pilot_listing.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203000349/http://www.tuskegee.edu/about_us/legacy_of_fame/tuskegee_airmen/tuskegee_airmen_pilot_listing.aspx|url-status=dead|title=List of Tuskegee Airmen, Tuskegee University|archivedate=December 3, 2013}}</ref> In a biography prepared by [[Commemorative Air Force]] for its Red Tail project, he said "I made it, somehow, and was very proud.  It was a segregated program. All the instructors in Basic and Advanced Training were white, but most were fair and conscientious. A few should have been somewhere else."<ref name="auto1"/>
-=== Specific Missions Flown ===
+=== Missions flown ===
-[[File:332d Expeditionary Operations Group - Emblem.png|thumb|left|332d Expeditionary Operations Group - Emblem]]
+[[File:332d Expeditionary Operations Group - Emblem.png|thumb|left|332d Expeditionary Operations Group – Emblem]]
-During the war, Rodgers piloted 69 missions for the U.S. Air Force.<ref>http://www.krdo.com/news/local-news/tuskegee-airman-honored-for-service-in-world-war-ii/35359189</ref>
+During the war, Rodgers piloted 69 missions for the Army Air Force.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.krdo.com/news/local-news/tuskegee-airman-honored-for-service-in-world-war-ii/35359189 |title=Tuskegee Airman honored for service in World War II - KRDO |access-date=2016-10-02 |archive-date=2017-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510065157/http://www.krdo.com/news/local-news/tuskegee-airman-honored-for-service-in-world-war-ii/35359189 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
-In an interview published by historian Scott Thompson,  Captain Marion Rodgers described the August 12 mission in Southern France, August 12 and 14, 1944, by the [[332nd Fighter Group]]: "My most exciting missions were strafing missions in Southern France, Rumania, Hungary, and Germany. Tuskegee Airmen destroyed aircraft, locomotives, ammo and fuel dumps, box cars, trucks, and even radar stations. Their passes approached 600 mph and they were hundreds of miles from friendly territory."<ref>http://laurenscountyafricanamericanhistory.blogspot.com/2013/04/a-flying-man-of-tuskegee-sometimes-it.htm</ref><ref>[http://www.orgsites.com/ca/caf-socal/FlightLineSept2014.pdf Scott Thompson, "Flying Man of Tuskegee", ''Flight Lines'', September, 2014]</ref>
+In an interview Rodgers described the August 12 mission in Southern France, August 12 and 14, 1944, by the [[332nd Fighter Group]]: "My most exciting missions were strafing missions in Southern France, Rumania, Hungary, and Germany. Tuskegee Airmen destroyed aircraft, locomotives, ammo and fuel dumps, box cars, trucks, and even radar stations. Their passes approached 600 mph and they were hundreds of miles from friendly territory."<ref name="auto">[http://laurenscountyafricanamericanhistory.blogspot.com/2013/04/a-flying-man-of-tuskegee-sometimes-it.htm Laurens County African American History] {{User-generated source|date=August 2022}}</ref><ref name=flines>[http://www.orgsites.com/ca/caf-socal/FlightLineSept2014.pdf Scott Thompson, "Flying Man of Tuskegee", ''Flight Lines'', September, 2014] {{dead link|date=January 2024}}</ref>
-“It was my first strafing mission," Rodgers said. "We went into the target area at 15,000 feet. I was number four man in the lead flight. Our leader brought us over the target, which were radar stations near the coast." Then he rolled his plane over on its back and went down on the target in almost a vertical dive.  "I had been nervous up to this time," he said,  "but when I started my dive it all left me. Now my attention was centered on bringing my ship out of the dive because it had gathered tremendous speed and the ground was rushing towards me. I still hadn’t located the target. I was slightly to the right of the ship ahead of me and I saw him veer off to the right rather sharply, but I followed the other ships ahead of me while still pushing my own ship through a near split S".<ref>http://laurenscountyafricanamericanhistory.blogspot.com/2013/04/a-flying-man-of-tuskegee-sometimes-it.htm</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3BdLCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA134&lpg=PA134&dq=Marion+Rodgers+It+was+my+first+strafing+mission&source=bl&ots=gx5c8cZ8rJ&sig=VK5i4KT_iZ0MS1s9IVgrQs4hFLM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjCl__7jfbOAhUUSmMKHVH2AEkQ6AEIKzAC#v=onepage&q=Marion%20Rodgers%20It%20was%20my%20first%20strafing%20mission&f=false Charles E. Francis,The Tuskegee Airmen: The Men who Changed a Nation, Branden Books, 1997, p. 134]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GCtnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22marion+rodgers%22+tuskegee&dq=%22marion+rodgers%22+tuskegee&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi9k4SGiPfOAhVaHGMKHRwpDM8Q6AEIMDAD Charles E. Francis, The Tuskegee Airmen: The Story of the Negro in the U.S. Air Force,  B. Humphries, Incorporated, 1956], p. 103</ref>
+“It was my first strafing mission," he said. "We went into the target area at 15,000 feet. I was number four man in the lead flight. Our leader brought us over the target, which were radar stations near the coast." Then he rolled his plane over on its back and went down on the target in almost a vertical dive.  "I had been nervous up to this time," he said,  "but when I started my dive it all left me. Now my attention was centered on bringing my ship out of the dive because it had gathered tremendous speed and the ground was rushing towards me. I still hadn’t located the target. I was slightly to the right of the ship ahead of me and I saw him veer off to the right rather sharply, but I followed the other ships ahead of me while still pushing my own ship through a near split S".<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto2">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3BdLCgAAQBAJ&dq=Marion+Rodgers+It+was+my+first+strafing+mission&pg=PA134|title=The Tuskegee Airmen: The Men who Changed a Nation|first=Charles E.|last=Francis|date=February 26, 1997|publisher=Branden Books|isbn=9780828320290 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GCtnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22marion+rodgers%22+tuskegee Charles E. Francis, ''The Tuskegee Airmen: The Story of the Negro in the U.S. Air Force'',  B. Humphries, Incorporated, 1956], p. 103</ref>
-“As my ship leveled out about 50 feet above the ground, I had a glimpse of something that looked very much like the picture we had seen of radar stations. I had a chance to hold my trigger down for two seconds, then zigzagged out to sea on the deck. When I returned to the base I found out that our flight of eight had lost two ships, one of them being the ship that had veered to my right. I had no vision of the flak."<ref>http://laurenscountyafricanamericanhistory.blogspot.com/2013/04/a-flying-man-of-tuskegee-sometimes-it.htm</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=3BdLCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA134&lpg=PA134&dq=Marion+Rodgers+It+was+my+first+strafing+mission&source=bl&ots=gx5c8cZ8rJ&sig=VK5i4KT_iZ0MS1s9IVgrQs4hFLM&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjCl__7jfbOAhUUSmMKHVH2AEkQ6AEIKzAC#v=onepage&q=Marion%20Rodgers%20It%20was%20my%20first%20strafing%20mission&f=false Charles E. Francis, Adolph Caso Branden Books, The Tuskegee Airmen: The Men who Changed a Nation, 1997 ]</ref>
+“As my ship leveled out about 50 feet above the ground, I had a glimpse of something that looked very much like the picture we had seen of radar stations. I had a chance to hold my trigger down for two seconds, then zigzagged out to sea on the deck. When I returned to the base I found out that our flight of eight had lost two ships, one of them being the ship that had veered to my right. I had no vision of the flak."<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto2"/>
-On another mission on December 3, 1944,  Rodgers successfully [[Crash landing|crash landed]] at [[Foggia Airfield Complex|the Ramitelli airbase in Italy]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1qC51h8HrWQC&dq=benjamin+o+davis+%22Marion+R.+Rodgers%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Joseph Caver, Jerome A. Ennels, Daniel Lee Haulman, The Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History, 1939-1949   NewSouth Books, 2011, p 185]</ref>
+On another mission on December 3, 1944,  Rodgers successfully [[Crash landing|crash landed]] at the [[Ramitelli Airfield|Ramitelli airbase]] in Italy.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1qC51h8HrWQC&q=benjamin+o+davis+%22Marion+R.+Rodgers%22|title=The Tuskegee Airmen: An Illustrated History, 1939-1949|first1=Joseph|last1=Caver|first2=Jerome A.|last2=Ennels|first3=Daniel Lee|last3=Haulman|date=January 1, 2011|publisher=NewSouth Books|isbn=9781588382443 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
-[[File:Korean-Citation-Rodgers.jpg|thumb|Rodgers cited for training accomplishments, 1956, South Korea. ]]
+[[File:Korean-Citation-Rodgers.jpg|thumb|Rodgers cited for training accomplishments, 1956, South Korea.]]
-During the Korean conflict, Major Rodgers was a B29 bomber pilot and helped in military training of South Koreans, post war.   [[Korean Armistice Agreement]]
+After the Korean War, Rodgers was a B29 bomber pilot and helped in military training of South Koreans.
 ==Later life==
-,After the war, Rodgers was the last commander of the [[99th Flying Training Squadron|99th Squadron]],  assigned by  [[William A. Campbell (Tuskegee Airman)|William A. Campbell]], before [[racial integration]] of the Air Force in 1948 and the squadron's deactivation. Following 22 years in the Air Force, he worked in communications for [[NORAD]] and [[NASA]].<ref>https://www.army.mil/article/125145/Tuskegee_Airman_shares_experiences_with_Fort_Carson_WTB</ref>
+After the war, Rodgers was the last commander of the [[99th Flying Training Squadron|99th Squadron]], assigned by  [[William A. Campbell (Tuskegee Airman)|William A. Campbell]], before [[racial integration]] of the Air Force in 1948 and the squadron's deactivation. Following 22 years in the Air Force, he worked in communications for [[NORAD]] and [[NASA]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/125145/Tuskegee_Airman_shares_experiences_with_Fort_Carson_WTB|title = Tuskegee Airman shares experiences with Fort Carson WTB| date=May 2014 }}</ref>
-When the film "[[Red Tails]]" was released in January 2012. Rodgers participated in several events of celebration, before and after the release.<ref>[http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/original-tuskegee-airmen-colorado-residents-captain-samuel-news-photo/161194924 Coin toss at CU Boulder football game by Marion Rodgers and fellow Tuskegee Airman Samuel Hunter.]</ref> In an interview with the [[Denver Post]] about the film, Rodgers noted, “Our airstrips weren’t as nice as the ones shown in the film. ”<ref>[http://www.denverpost.com/2012/01/18/quibbles-aside-they-did-a-real-good-job-tuskegee-veteran-and-retired-lt-col-marion-r-rodgers-says-of-red-tails%5D Lisa Kennedy, "Quibbles Aside, They Did A Real Good Job..." , ''Denver Post'', January 18, 2012]/</ref>
+When the film ''[[Red Tails]]'' was released in January 2012. Rodgers participated in several events of celebration, before and after the release.<ref name="auto4"/> In an interview with the ''[[Denver Post]]'' about the film, Rodgers noted, “Our airstrips weren’t as nice as the ones shown in the film.”<ref>[http://www.denverpost.com/2012/01/18/quibbles-aside-they-did-a-real-good-job-tuskegee-veteran-and-retired-lt-col-marion-r-rodgers-says-of-red-tails%5D Lisa Kennedy, "Quibbles Aside, They Did A Real Good Job..." , ''Denver Post'', January 18, 2012]/</ref>
-At age 93, Rodgers attracted media attention when he flew once again in a P-51,  courtesy the "Wish of a Lifetime" Foundation.<ref>[http://tricountysentry.com/blog/original-tuskegee-airman-gets-wish-of-a-lifetime-2/%20Local%20Airman%20makes%20good%20at%2092 Tim Pompey, "Original Tuskegee Airman Gets Wish of a Lifetime",  ''Tri-County Sentry'', October 02, 2014]</ref><ref>[http://archive.vcstar.com/news/local/camarillo/tuskegee-airman-flies-over-camarillo-ep-600992478-351250541.html Jeremy Foster, "Tuskegee Airman Flies Over Camarillo", ''Ventura County Star'', September 7, 2014] ]</ref><ref>"[http://www.slideshare.net/PaulBarnhill1/optimum-life-magazine-jan-2015 The Hero Next Door," Optimum Life Magazine, Vol. 4, Issue 1, January 2015]</ref>
+At age 93, Rodgers attracted media attention when he flew once again in a P-51, courtesy the "Wish of a Lifetime" Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tricountysentry.com/|title=The Tri-County Sentry|website=Tri County Sentry -}}</ref><ref>[http://archive.vcstar.com/news/local/camarillo/tuskegee-airman-flies-over-camarillo-ep-600992478-351250541.html Jeremy Foster, "Tuskegee Airman Flies Over Camarillo", ''Ventura County Star'', September 7, 2014] ]</ref><ref>"[http://www.slideshare.net/PaulBarnhill1/optimum-life-magazine-jan-2015 The Hero Next Door," ''Optimum Life Magazine'', Vol. 4, Issue 1, January 2015]</ref>
+Although a place was reserved for him at Arlington, Rodgers opted to be buried next to his son, Thomas Stephen Rodgers, in Colorado Springs, CO. He was born Sept. 23, 1921 and died Dec. 5, 2017. He was honored by a Tuskegee manned flyover of P-51s [https://gazette.com/p-51-flyover-a-final-farewell-for-a-tuskegee-airman/article_a4c955b4-bed4-5d07-af1a-2c5e650bec55.html P-51 flyover a final farewell for a Tuskegee Airman]
 ==Awards and Commemorations==
-For his heroic actions during World War II, Rodgers was awarded the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=TeE9BQAAQBAJ&dq=tuskegee+Rodgers&source=gbs_navlinks_s Leo D. Sullivan, Tuskegee Red Tails Graphic Novel,  Leo Sullivan Multimedia, Inc., Nov 8, 2014]</ref><ref>[http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/military/tuskegee-airmen-awarded-the-distinguished-flying-cross/article_09e5acae-6925-11df-a6fa-00127992bc8b.html Erica Smith, "Tuskegee Airmen awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross," St. Louis Post Dispatch,   Sep 26, 2009]</ref><ref>http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101229-013.pdf</ref>
+For his actions during World War II, Rodgers was awarded the [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TeE9BQAAQBAJ&q=tuskegee+Rodgers|title=Leo D. Sullivan, ''Tuskegee Red Tails Graphic Novel'', Leo Sullivan Multimedia, Inc., 2014|isbn=9781881368106 |last1=Sullivan |first1=Leo D. |date=8 November 2014 |publisher=Leo Sullivan Multimedia, Incorporated }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/tuskegee-airmen-awarded-the-distinguished-flying-cross/article_09e5acae-6925-11df-a6fa-00127992bc8b.html|title=Tuskegee Airmen awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross|first=Erica|last=Smith|website=STLtoday.com|date=26 September 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afhso.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-101229-013.pdf|title = Air Force Historical Support Division > Home}}</ref>
-In 2007, although invited and family offered support, Marion Rodgers was not present when the Tuskegee Airmen were collectively awarded a [[Congressional Gold Medal]] at a ceremony in the U.S. Capitol rotunda. (He refused to leave his wife, Suzanne T., a juvenile diabetic.)  He did receive his medal. Senator [[Mark Udall]] of Colorado congratulated Rodgers and the other eight airmen from Colorado in a speech in the [[Colorado House of Representatives]].<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=FfliNO80U8MC&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=marion+rodgers+congressional+gold+medal&source=bl&ots=DEycrsNFPW&sig=VmAo9RE6KIQ2IRTZRSpchVqKLyY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQ06uv4fjOAhVJKGMKHS2sBXAQ6AEIMTAD#v=onepage&q=marion%20rodgers%20congressional%20gold%20medal&f=false Congressional Record, June 7, 2007]</ref>
+In 2007, although invited and family offered support, Marion Rodgers was not present when the Tuskegee Airmen were collectively awarded a [[Congressional Gold Medal]] at a ceremony in the U.S. Capitol rotunda. (He refused to leave his wife, Suzanne T., a juvenile diabetic.)
+He did receive his medal. Senator [[Mark Udall]] of Colorado congratulated Rodgers and the other eight airmen from Colorado in a speech in the [[Colorado House of Representatives]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FfliNO80U8MC&dq=marion+rodgers+congressional+gold+medal&pg=PA215|title=Congressional Record, Volume 153, Part 11, June 6, 2007 to June 15, 2007|publisher=Government Printing Office|via=Google Books}}</ref>
-Along with the other Tuskegee flyers from Colorado, Rodgers is honored at the [[Denver International Airport]] in a permanent exhibit with a poster size photo and his biography.<ref>[http://www.flydenver.com/sites/default/files/downloads/WingTips%20March%202013.pdf "Tuskegee Airmen," ''Wing Tips'', March 2013]</ref>  The [[Georgia General Assembly|Georgia State Assembly]] has formally named the intersection of US Route 80 at US 441 Bypass in Laurens County after Tuskegee Airmen Colonel Major Herndon Cummings, Colonel John Whitehead, and Colonel Marion Rodgers.<ref>http://www.legis.ga.gov/Legislation/20132014/139627.pdf</ref><ref>[http://dublinlaurenscountygeorgia.blogspot.com/2014/11/the-tuskegee-airmen-of-laurens-county.html Scott Thompson, "The Tuskegee Airmen of Laurens County", Laurens County Historical Society, , November 10, 2014, retrieved September 4, 2016]</ref>  In 2014, The [[Non-Commissioned Officers]] Association gave Rodgers a World War II legacy medallion.<ref>[http://www.krdo.com/news/tuskegee-airman-honored-for-service-in-world-war-ii/31182212 Tuskegee Airman Honored for Service in World War II, KRDO News, February 8, 2015]</ref>
+Along with the other Tuskegee flyers from Colorado, Rodgers is honored at the [[Denver International Airport]] in a permanent exhibit with a poster size photo and his biography.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.flydenver.com/sites/default/files/downloads/WingTips%20March%202013.pdf|title="Tuskegee Airmen," ''Wing Tips'', March 2013|access-date=6 January 2024}}</ref>  The [[Georgia General Assembly|Georgia State Assembly]] has formally named the intersection of US Route 80 at US 441 Bypass in Laurens County after Tuskegee Airmen Colonel Major Herndon Cummings, Colonel John Whitehead, and Colonel Marion Rodgers.<ref>[http://www.legis.ga.gov/Legislation/20132014/139627.pdf House Resolution 1331] legis.ga.gov</ref><ref name="auto3"/>  In 2014, The [[Non-Commissioned Officers]] Association gave Rodgers a World War II legacy medallion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.krdo.com/news/tuskegee-airman-honored-for-service-in-world-war-ii/31182212|title="Tuskegee Airman Honored for Service in World War II", KRDO News, February 8, 2015|accessdate=6 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.commemorativeairforce.org/rss/253-tuskegee-airman-to-be-honored-at-caf-so-cal-wing |title=Tuskegee Airman to be Honored at CAF So Cal Wing |access-date=2016-09-02 |archive-date=2016-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911050723/https://www.commemorativeairforce.org/rss/253-tuskegee-airman-to-be-honored-at-caf-so-cal-wing |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.krdo.com/news/tuskegee-airman-honored-for-service-in-world-war-ii/31182212|title=Tuskegee Airman Honored for Service in World War II, KRDO News, February 8, 2015|accessdate=6 January 2024}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.denverpost.com/2012/01/18/quibbles-aside-they-did-a-real-good-job-tuskegee-veteran-and-retired-lt-col-marion-r-rodgers-says-of-red-tails/|title = Quibbles aside, "They did a real good job," Tuskegee veteran and retired Lt. Col. Marion R. Rodgers says of "Red Tails"|date = 18 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/tuskegeeairmenme00char | url-access=registration | page=[https://archive.org/details/tuskegeeairmenme00char/page/134 134] | quote=Marion  Rogers Tuskegee. | title=The Tuskegee Airmen: The Men who Changed a Nation| publisher=Branden Books | isbn=978-0828320290| last1=Francis| first1=Charles E.| year=1997}}</ref>
-<ref>https://www.commemorativeairforce.org/rss/253-tuskegee-airman-to-be-honored-at-caf-so-cal-wing</ref><ref>[http://www.krdo.com/news/tuskegee-airman-honored-for-service-in-world-war-ii/31182212 Tuskegee Airman Honored for Service in World War II, KRDO News, February 8, 2015]</ref><ref>http://laurenscountyafricanamericanhistory.blogspot.com/2013/04/a-flying-man-of-tuskegee-sometimes-it.html</ref><ref>http://www.denverpost.com/2012/01/18/quibbles-aside-they-did-a-real-good-job-tuskegee-veteran-and-retired-lt-col-marion-r-rodgers-says-of-red-tails/</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=3BdLCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA134&dq=Marion++Rogers+Tuskegee&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjW8MnV8-_OAhVM7GMKHRX3DHwQ6AEILDAD#v=onepage&q=Marion%20%20Rogers%20Tuskegee&f=false</ref>
+==References==
+{{reflist}}
 ==Further reading==
+* [https://www.amazon.com/Tuskegee-Airmen-1941-1945-Kenneth-Rapier/dp/193965405X Kenneth Rapier, ''Tuskegee Airmen 1941–1945'', 2nd Edition, LLC, 2013]
-[https://www.amazon.com/Tuskegee-Airmen-1941-1945-Kenneth-Rapier/dp/193965405X Kenneth Rapier, ''Tuskegee Airmen 1941-1945'', 2nd Edition, LLC, 2013]
 ==External links==
-* [http://www.tuskegee.edu/about_us/legacy_of_fame/tuskegee_airmen.aspx Tuskegee Airmen at Tuskegee University]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131204121846/http://www.tuskegee.edu/about_us/legacy_of_fame/tuskegee_airmen.aspx Tuskegee Airmen at Tuskegee University]
 * [http://www.tuskegeemuseum.org Tuskegee Airmen Museum]
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Rodgers, Marion}}
-[[Category:American military personnel]]
+[[Category:United States Air Force officers]]
 [[Category:Tuskegee Airmen]]
 [[Category:People from Laurens County, Georgia]]
+[[Category:African-American aviators]]
+[[Category:Aviators from Michigan]]
+[[Category:1921 births]]
+[[Category:2017 deaths]]