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{{short description|American ethnologist, anthropologist, and archaeologist}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna
| name = Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna
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| native_name_lang =
| native_name_lang =
| image = File:Frederica de Laguna in 1993 by Bill Roth.jpg
| image = File:Frederica de Laguna in 1993 by Bill Roth.jpg
| image_size = 184 × 273
| alt =
| alt =
| caption = Frederica de Laguna in 1993.<ref>Roth, Bill. [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/28/obituaries/28laguna.html "Frederica de Laguna in 1993"]. 1993. JPEG file.</ref>
| caption = Frederica de Laguna in 1993.<ref>Roth, Bill. [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/28/obituaries/28laguna.html "Frederica de Laguna in 1993"]. 1993. JPEG file.</ref>
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1906|10|03}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1906|10|03}}
| birth_place = Ann Arbor, Michigan
| birth_place = Ann Arbor, Michigan
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2004|10|04|1906|10|03}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|2004|10|06|1906|10|03}}
| death_place = Haverford, Pennsylvania
| death_place = Haverford, Pennsylvania
| other_names = Freddy
| other_names = Freddy
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}}
}}


'''Frederica ("Freddy") Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna''' (October 3, 1906 – October 6, 2004) was an American [[ethnologist]], [[anthropologist]], and [[archaeologist]]<ref name="FredericaDeLaguna">{{cite web|last=Woolf|first=Linda M.|title=Frederica de Laguna|url=http://www2.webster.edu/~woolflm/delaguna.html|work=Women's Intellectual Contributions to the Study of Mind and Body|publisher=Webster University|accessdate=8 July 2013}}</ref> influential for her work on [[Paleoindian]] and [[Alaska Native art]] and archaeology in the American northwest and Alaska.<ref name="About.com">{{cite web|last=Hirst|first=K. Kris|title=Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna [1906-2004]|url=http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeologistsdf/g/delagunaf.htm|work=About.com Archaeology|publisher=About.com|accessdate=8 July 2013}}</ref>
'''Frederica ("Freddy") Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna''' (October 3, 1906 – October 6, 2004) was an American [[ethnologist]], [[anthropologist]], and [[archaeologist]]<ref name="FredericaDeLaguna">{{cite web|last=Woolf|first=Linda M.|title=Frederica de Laguna|url=http://www2.webster.edu/~woolflm/delaguna.html|work=Women's Intellectual Contributions to the Study of Mind and Body|publisher=Webster University|access-date=8 July 2013}}</ref> influential for her work on [[Paleoindian]] and [[Alaska Native art]] and archaeology in the American northwest and Alaska.<ref name="About.com">{{cite web|last=Hirst|first=K. Kris|title=Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna [1906–2004]|url=http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeologistsdf/g/delagunaf.htm|work=About.com Archaeology|publisher=About.com|access-date=8 July 2013|archive-date=22 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522012258/http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeologistsdf/g/delagunaf.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>


She founded and chaired the anthropology department at [[Bryn Mawr College]] from 1938 to 1972 and served as vice-president of the [[Society for American Archaeology]] (SAA) from 1949 to 1950 and as president of the [[American Anthropological Association]] (AAA) from 1966 to 1967. de Laguna's honors include Bryn Mawr College's [[Lindback Award for Distinguished Teaching]] in 1972;<ref name="BrynMawr">{{cite web|last=Ginanni|first=Glaudia|title=Founder of BMC Anthropology Department Dies at 98|url=http://www.brynmawr.edu/news/2004-10-21/delaguna.shtml|work=Bryn Mawr Now|publisher=Bryn Mawr College|accessdate=8 July 2013}}</ref> her election into the [[National Academy of Sciences]] as the first woman, with former classmate [[Margaret Mead]], in 1975;<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/56432.html | title=Frederica de Laguna}}</ref> the Distinguished Service Award from the AAA in 1986; a potlatch from the people of Yakutat in 1996; and the [[Lucy Wharton Drexel]] Medal from the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in 1999.<ref name="NMNH">{{cite web|url=http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fa/de_laguna_1.pdf|title=Biographical Note|last=Wang|first=Lorain|date=|work=Register to the Papers of Frederica de Laguna|publisher=National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution|url-status=dead|archive-url=|archive-date=|accessdate=8 July 2013}}</ref>
She founded and chaired the anthropology department at [[Bryn Mawr College]] from 1938 to 1972 and served as vice-president of the [[Society for American Archaeology]] (SAA) from 1949 to 1950 and as president of the [[American Anthropological Association]] (AAA) from 1966 to 1967. De Laguna's honors include Bryn Mawr College's [[Lindback Award for Distinguished Teaching]] in 1972;<ref name="BrynMawr">{{cite web|last=Ginanni|first=Glaudia|title=Founder of BMC Anthropology Department Dies at 98|url=http://www.brynmawr.edu/news/2004-10-21/delaguna.shtml|work=Bryn Mawr Now|publisher=Bryn Mawr College|access-date=8 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130805112157/http://www.brynmawr.edu/news/2004-10-21/delaguna.shtml|archive-date=5 August 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> her election into the [[National Academy of Sciences]] as the first woman, with former classmate [[Margaret Mead]], in 1975;<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/56432.html | title=Frederica de Laguna}}</ref> the Distinguished Service Award from the AAA in 1986; a potlatch from the people of Yakutat in 1996; and the [[Lucy Wharton Drexel]] Medal from the [[University of Pennsylvania]] in 1999.<ref name="NMNH">{{cite web|url=http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fa/de_laguna_1.pdf|title=Biographical Note|last=Wang|first=Lorain|work=Register to the Papers of Frederica de Laguna|publisher=National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513185405/http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fa/de_laguna_1.pdf|archive-date=13 May 2013|access-date=8 July 2013}}</ref>


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
⚫
De Laguna was born to [[Theodore de Laguna|Theodore Lopez de Leo de Laguna]] and [[Grace de Laguna|Grace Mead (Andrus) de Laguna]], philosophy professors at [[Bryn Mawr College]], on October 3, 1906, in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She was home-schooled by her parents until age nine due to frequent illness.<ref name="NMNH" /> She joined her parents and younger brother Wallace on two sabbaticals during her childhood: Cambridge and Oxford, England in 1914–1915 and France in 1921–1922.<ref name="FredericaDeLaguna" />


⚫
De Laguna attended Bryn Mawr College on a scholarship from 1923 to 1927, graduating ''[[summa cum laude]]'' with a degree in politics and economics. Although she was awarded the college's European fellowship, she deferred for a year to study anthropology at [[Columbia University]] under [[Franz Boas]], [[Gladys Reichard]], and [[Ruth Benedict]]. In 1928, de Laguna traveled to England, France, and Spain, where she gained fieldwork experience under [[George Grant MacCurdy]], "attended lectures on prehistoric art by [[Abbe Breuil]], and received guidance from [[Paul Rivet]] and [[Marcellin Boule]]." In June 1929, de Laguna sailed to Greenland as [[Therkel Mathiassen]]'s assistant on the country's "first scientific archaeological excavation." Staying a total of six months, the excavation convinced her of a future in anthropology and later became the subject of ''Voyage to Greenland: A Personal Initiation into Anthropology'' (1997).<ref name="NMNH" />
⚫
De Laguna was born to [[Theodore de Laguna|Theodore Lopez de Leo de Laguna]] and [[Grace de Laguna|Grace Mead (Andrus) de Laguna]], philosophy professors at [[Bryn Mawr College]], on October 3, 1906 in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She was home-schooled by her parents until age 9 due to frequent illness.<ref name="NMNH" /> She joined her parents and younger brother Wallace on two sabbaticals during her adolescence: Cambridge and Oxford, England in 1914-1915 and France in 1921-1922.<ref name="FredericaDeLaguna" />

⚫
De Laguna attended Bryn Mawr College on a scholarship from 1923 to 1927, graduating [[summa cum laude|''summa cum laude'']] with a degree in politics and economics. Although she was awarded the college's European fellowship, she deferred for a year to study anthropology at [[Columbia University]] under [[Franz Boas]], [[Gladys Reichard]], and [[Ruth Benedict]]. In 1928, de Laguna traveled to England, France, and Spain, where she gained fieldwork experience under [[George Grant MacCurdy]]; "attended lectures on prehistoric art by [[Abbe Breuil]], and received guidance from [[Paul Rivet]] and Marcelin Boule." In June, 1929, de Laguna sailed to Greenland as [[Therkel Mathiassen]]'s assistant on the country's "first scientific archaeological excavation." Staying a total of six months, the excavation convinced her of a future in anthropology and later became the subject of ''Voyage to Greenland: A Personal Initiation into Anthropology'' (1997).<ref name="NMNH" />


De Laguna received her PhD in anthropology from Columbia University in 1933.
De Laguna received her PhD in anthropology from Columbia University in 1933.


==Career==
==Career==
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[[File:Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna (1906-2004), standing and talking at meeting with Kaj Birket-Smith (1893-1977).jpg|thumb|Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna at a 1937 symposium with [[Kaj Birket-Smith]] (right), where they presented a joint paper on Alaskan ethnology.<ref name="SIA">{{cite web |last=Davis |first=Fremont |title=Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna (1906–2004), standing and talking at meeting with Kaj Birket-Smith (1893–1977) |work=Smithsonian Institution Archives |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |url=http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_arc_290545 |access-date=10 July 2013|date=1937-03-18 }}</ref>|alt=]]


⚫
De Laguna's first funded expedition was to [[Prince William Sound]] and [[Cook Inlet]], Alaska, in 1930 after [[Kaj Birket-Smith]] fell ill and was unable to continue with de Laguna as his research assistant. De Laguna instead secured funding from the [[University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|University of Pennsylvania Museum]] and brought her brother Wallace, who was a geologist,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K7UPAAAAIAAJ&q=wallace+de+laguna&pg=SL2-PA2|title=Geology of Brookhaven National Laboratory and Vicinity, Suffolk County New York|last=Laguna|first=Wallace De|date=1963|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|language=en}}</ref> as an assistant. The following year, the museum hired de Laguna to catalog their Eskimo collections and again financed two excavations to Cook Inlet in 1931 and 1932. She co-led an archaeological and ethnological expedition of Prince William Sound in 1933 with Birket-Smith; the trip became the basis for "The Eyak Indians of the Copper River Delta, Alaska" (1938). De Laguna next explored the lower Yukon Valley and [[Tanana River]] in 1935 and published two works because of it: ''Travels Among the Dena'' (1994) and ''Tales from the Dena'' (1997).<ref name="NMNH" />
⚫
[[File:Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna (1906-2004), standing and talking at meeting with Kaj Birket-Smith (1893-1977).jpg|thumbnail|left|Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna at a 1937 symposium with [[Kaj Birket-Smith]] (right), where they presented a joint paper on Alaskan ethnology.<ref name="SIA">{{cite web |last=Davis |first=Fremont |title=Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna (1906-2004), standing and talking at meeting with Kaj Birket-Smith (1893-1977) |work=Smithsonian Institution Archives |publisher=Smithsonian Institution |url=http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_arc_290545 |accessdate=10 July 2013|date=1937-03-18 }}</ref>|alt=]]

⚫
De Laguna's first funded expedition was to [[Prince William Sound]] and [[Cook Inlet]], Alaska, in 1930 after [[Kaj Birket-Smith]] fell ill and was unable to continue with de Laguna as his research assistant. De Laguna instead secured funding from the [[University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|University of Pennsylvania Museum]] and brought her brother Wallace as an assistant. The following year, the museum hired de Laguna to catalog their Eskimo collections and again financed two excavations to Cook Inlet in 1931 and 1932. She co-led an archaeological and ethnological expedition of Prince William Sound in 1933 with Birket-Smith; the trip became the basis for "The Eyak Indians of the Copper River Delta, Alaska" (1938). De Laguna next explored the lower Yukon Valley and [[Tanana River]] in 1935 and published two works because of it: ''Travels Among the Dena'' (1994) and ''Tales from the Dena'' (1997).<ref name="NMNH" />


Bryn Mawr College hired de Laguna as a sociology lecturer in 1938 "to teach the first ever anthropology course." She kept this position until 1942 when she took a leave of absence to serve in the naval reserve as a lieutenant commander of [[WAVES|Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service]] (WAVES).<ref name="BrynMawr" /> She taught naval history and codes and ciphers to women midshipmen at [[Smith College]] until the war's end in 1945. She resumed her professorial duties at Bryn Mawr College and then returned to the Northern Tlingit region of Alaska in the 1950s, leading to her "comprehensive three-volume monograph...considered [to be] the authoritative work on the [[Tlingit people|Yakutat Tlingit]]." Although retired in 1975, de Laguna remained active in her profession through a trip to [[Upernavik, Greenland]] (resulting in the completion of [[George T. Emmons|George Thornton Emmons']] ''The Tlingit Indians'' [1991]), volunteer work for the [[U.S. Forest Service]] in Alaska, and the establishment of the Frederica de Laguna Northern Books Press.<ref name="NMNH" />
Bryn Mawr College hired de Laguna as a sociology lecturer in 1938 "to teach the first ever anthropology course." She kept this position until 1942 when she took a leave of absence to serve in the naval reserve as a lieutenant commander of [[WAVES|Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service]] (WAVES).<ref name="BrynMawr" /> She taught naval history and codes and ciphers to women midshipmen at [[Smith College]] until the war's end in 1945. She resumed her professorial duties at Bryn Mawr College and then returned to the Northern Tlingit region of Alaska in the 1950s, leading to her "comprehensive three-volume monograph...considered [to be] the authoritative work on the [[Tlingit people|Yakutat Tlingit]]." Although retired in 1975, de Laguna remained active in her profession through a trip to [[Upernavik, Greenland]] (resulting in the completion of [[George T. Emmons|George Thornton Emmons']] ''The Tlingit Indians'' [1991]), volunteer work for the [[U.S. Forest Service]] in Alaska, and the establishment of the Frederica de Laguna Northern Books Press.<ref name="NMNH" />


De Laguna also worked as an Associate Soil Conservationist in 1935 and 1936 on the [[Pima Indians|Pima Indian]] Reservation, Arizona; as a teacher at an archaeological field school in 1941 under the sponsorship of Bryn Mawr College and the [[Museum of Northern Arizona]]; and as a visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania from 1947 to 1949 and from 1972 to 1976 and at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] from 1959 to 1960 and from 1972 to 1973.<ref name="NMNH" />
De Laguna also worked as an Associate Soil Conservationist in 1935 and 1936 on the [[Pima Indians|Pima Indian]] Reservation, Arizona; as a teacher at an archaeological field school in 1941 under the sponsorship of Bryn Mawr College and the [[Museum of Northern Arizona]]; and as a visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania from 1947 to 1949 and from 1972 to 1976 and at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] from 1959 to 1960 and from 1972 to 1973.<ref name="NMNH" /> Over 5,000 objects collected during her anthropological career are housed in the collections of the [[University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology|Penn Museum]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penn.museum/collections/search.php?term=frederica&submit_term=Submit+Query|title=Search Digital Collections "1" - Penn Museum|website=www.penn.museum|access-date=2020-03-27}}</ref>


==Selected works==
==Selected works==
* 1930, [https://books.google.com/books?id=S8nZGwAACAAJ ''The thousand march: Adventures of an American boy with the Garibaldi'']. Boston: Little, Brown. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3940490 3940490]

* 1930, [https://books.google.com/books?id=S8nZGwAACAAJ ''The thousand march: Adventures of an American boy with the Garibaldi'']. Boston: Little, Brown. OCLC [http://www.worldcat.org/title/thousand-march-adventures-of-an-american-boy-with-garibaldi/oclc/3940490 3940490]
* 1937, [https://books.google.com/books?id=IzkuAAAACAAJ ''The arrow points to murder'']. Garden City, NJ: Crime Club, Inc. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1720968 1720968]
* 1937, [https://books.google.com/books?id=IzkuAAAACAAJ ''The arrow points to murder'']. Garden City, NJ: Crime Club, Inc. OCLC [http://www.worldcat.org/title/arrow-points-to-murder/oclc/1720968 1720968]
* 1938, [https://books.google.com/books?id=jGC-nAEACAAJ ''Fog on the mountain'']. Homer, AK: Kachemak Country Publications. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/32748448 32748448]
* 1938, [https://books.google.com/books?id=jGC-nAEACAAJ ''Fog on the mountain'']. Homer, AK: Kachemak Country Publications. OCLC [http://www.worldcat.org/title/fog-on-the-mountain/oclc/32748448 32748448]
* 1972, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SqW0AAAAIAAJ ''Under Mount Saint Elias: The history and culture of the Yakutat Tlingit: Part one''], [http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Anthropology/pdf_lo/SCtA-0007.1.pdf pdf]. Smithsonian contributions to anthropology, v. 7. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/603795 603795]
* 1977, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0881338540 ''Voyage to Greenland: A personal initiation in anthropology'']. New York: Norton. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2646088 2646088]
* 1972, [https://books.google.com/books?id=SqW0AAAAIAAJ ''Under Mount Saint Elias: The history and culture of the Yakutat Tlingit: Part one''], [http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Anthropology/pdf_lo/SCtA-0007.1.pdf pdf]. Smithsonian contributions to anthropology, v. 7. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. OCLC [http://www.worldcat.org/title/under-mount-saint-elias-the-history-and-culture-of-the-yakutat-tlingit/oclc/603795 603795]
* 1977, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0881338540 ''Voyage to Greenland: A personal initiation in anthropology'']. New York: Norton. OCLC [http://www.worldcat.org/title/voyage-to-greenland-a-personal-initiation-into-anthropology/oclc/2646088 2646088]
* 1991, with [[George T. Emmons|George Thornton Emmons]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=NVZIsfj6D6EC ''The Tlingit Indians'']. New York: American Museum of Natural History. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23463915 23463915]
* 1991, with [[George T. Emmons|George Thornton Emmons]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=NVZIsfj6D6EC ''The Tlingit Indians'']. New York: American Museum of Natural History. OCLC [http://www.worldcat.org/title/tlingit-indians/oclc/23463915 23463915]
* 1994, with Norman Reynolds and Dale DeArmond, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0295974354 ''Tales from the Dena: Indian stories from the Tanana, Koyukuk, and Yukon rivers'']. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31518221 31518221]
* 1994, with Norman Reynolds and Dale DeArmond, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0295974354 ''Tales from the Dena: Indian stories from the Tanana, Koyukuk, and Yukon rivers'']. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. OCLC [http://www.worldcat.org/title/tales-from-the-dena-indian-stories-from-the-tanana-koyukuk-yukon-rivers/oclc/31518221 31518221]
* 1997, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=029597902X ''Travels among the Dena: Exploring Alaska's Yukon valley'']. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. OCLC [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42772476 42772476]
* 1997, [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=029597902X ''Travels among the Dena: Exploring Alaska's Yukon valley'']. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. OCLC [http://www.worldcat.org/title/travels-among-the-dena-exploring-alaskas-yukon-valley/oclc/42772476 42772476]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<references />


==External links==
==External links==
* "[http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/cdmg21/id/1666 Frederica de Laguna Collection]" from [[Alaska State Library]]
* "[http://vilda.alaska.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/cdmg21/id/1666 Frederica de Laguna Collection]" from [[Alaska State Library]]
* "[http://triarte.brynmawr.edu/PRT23?sid=16725&x=1746852&x=1746853 Frederica de Laguna collection]" from Bryn Mawr College
* "[http://triarte.brynmawr.edu/PRT23?sid=16725&x=1746852&x=1746853 Frederica de Laguna collection]" from Bryn Mawr College
* [http://www.fredericadelaguna.com Frederica de Laguna Northern Books]
* [http://www.fredericadelaguna.com Frederica de Laguna Northern Books] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060515032429/http://www.fredericadelaguna.com/ |date=2006-05-15 }}
* "Papers of Frederica de Laguna" from [[National Anthropological Archives]]: [http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fa/de_laguna_1.pdf part 1] and [http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fa/de_laguna_2.pdf part 2]
* "Papers of Frederica de Laguna" from [[National Anthropological Archives]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20130513185405/http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fa/de_laguna_1.pdf part 1] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20090706003754/http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fa/de_laguna_2.pdf part 2]
* [http://www.ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00007225/00001 Video interview] with de Laguna from [[George A. Smathers Libraries]]
* [http://www.ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00007225/00001 Video interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527080856/http://www.ufdc.ufl.edu/AA00007225/00001 |date=2015-05-27 }} with de Laguna from [[George A. Smathers Libraries]]
* [http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/de-laguna-frederica.pdf William W. Fitzhugh, "Frederica de Laguna", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2013)]


{{AAA Presidents|state=uncollapsed}}
{{American Anthropological Association presidents|state=uncollapsed}}
{{Alaska Women's Hall of Fame}}
{{Alaska Women's Hall of Fame}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:American anthropologists]]
[[Category:American women anthropologists]]
[[Category:American women anthropologists]]
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[[Category:American archaeologists]]
[[Category:American ethnologists]]
[[Category:American ethnologists]]
[[Category:Women ethnologists]]
[[Category:Women ethnologists]]
[[Category:American expatriates in France]]
[[Category:American expatriates in France]]
[[Category:American expatriates in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:American expatriates in the United Kingdom]]
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[[Category:American naval personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Bryn Mawr College alumni]]
[[Category:Bryn Mawr College alumni]]
[[Category:Bryn Mawr College faculty]]
[[Category:Bryn Mawr College faculty]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:People from Ann Arbor, Michigan]]
[[Category:People from Ann Arbor, Michigan]]
[[Category:United States Navy officers]]
[[Category:Female United States Navy officers]]
[[Category:American women in World War II]]
[[Category:20th-century American women scientists]]
[[Category:Women in the United States Navy]]
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Latest revision as of 03:35, 10 May 2024

Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna
Frederica de Laguna in 1993.[1]
Born(1906-10-03)October 3, 1906
Ann Arbor, Michigan
DiedOctober 6, 2004(2004-10-06) (aged 98)
Haverford, Pennsylvania
Other namesFreddy
CitizenshipAmerican
Alma materPhoebe Anne Thorne School, Bryn Mawr College, Columbia University
Known forUnder Mount Saint Elias: The History and Culture of the Yakutat Tlingit
Scientific career
Fieldsanthropology, archaeology, ethnology
InstitutionsBryn Mawr College
Thesis "A Comparison of Eskimo and Palaeolithic Art"  (1933)

Frederica ("Freddy") Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna (October 3, 1906 – October 6, 2004) was an American ethnologist, anthropologist, and archaeologist[2] influential for her work on Paleoindian and Alaska Native art and archaeology in the American northwest and Alaska.[3]

She founded and chaired the anthropology department at Bryn Mawr College from 1938 to 1972 and served as vice-president of the Society for American Archaeology (SAA) from 1949 to 1950 and as president of the American Anthropological Association (AAA) from 1966 to 1967. De Laguna's honors include Bryn Mawr College's Lindback Award for Distinguished Teaching in 1972;[4] her election into the National Academy of Sciences as the first woman, with former classmate Margaret Mead, in 1975;[5] the Distinguished Service Award from the AAA in 1986; a potlatch from the people of Yakutat in 1996; and the Lucy Wharton Drexel Medal from the University of Pennsylvania in 1999.[6]

Early life and education

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De Laguna was born to Theodore Lopez de Leo de Laguna and Grace Mead (Andrus) de Laguna, philosophy professors at Bryn Mawr College, on October 3, 1906, in Ann Arbor, Michigan. She was home-schooled by her parents until age nine due to frequent illness.[6] She joined her parents and younger brother Wallace on two sabbaticals during her childhood: Cambridge and Oxford, England in 1914–1915 and France in 1921–1922.[2]

De Laguna attended Bryn Mawr College on a scholarship from 1923 to 1927, graduating summa cum laude with a degree in politics and economics. Although she was awarded the college's European fellowship, she deferred for a year to study anthropology at Columbia University under Franz Boas, Gladys Reichard, and Ruth Benedict. In 1928, de Laguna traveled to England, France, and Spain, where she gained fieldwork experience under George Grant MacCurdy, "attended lectures on prehistoric art by Abbe Breuil, and received guidance from Paul Rivet and Marcellin Boule." In June 1929, de Laguna sailed to Greenland as Therkel Mathiassen's assistant on the country's "first scientific archaeological excavation." Staying a total of six months, the excavation convinced her of a future in anthropology and later became the subject of Voyage to Greenland: A Personal Initiation into Anthropology (1997).[6]

De Laguna received her PhD in anthropology from Columbia University in 1933.

Career

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Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna at a 1937 symposium with Kaj Birket-Smith (right), where they presented a joint paper on Alaskan ethnology.[7]

De Laguna's first funded expedition was to Prince William Sound and Cook Inlet, Alaska, in 1930 after Kaj Birket-Smith fell ill and was unable to continue with de Laguna as his research assistant. De Laguna instead secured funding from the University of Pennsylvania Museum and brought her brother Wallace, who was a geologist,[8] as an assistant. The following year, the museum hired de Laguna to catalog their Eskimo collections and again financed two excavations to Cook Inlet in 1931 and 1932. She co-led an archaeological and ethnological expedition of Prince William Sound in 1933 with Birket-Smith; the trip became the basis for "The Eyak Indians of the Copper River Delta, Alaska" (1938). De Laguna next explored the lower Yukon Valley and Tanana River in 1935 and published two works because of it: Travels Among the Dena (1994) and Tales from the Dena (1997).[6]

Bryn Mawr College hired de Laguna as a sociology lecturer in 1938 "to teach the first ever anthropology course." She kept this position until 1942 when she took a leave of absence to serve in the naval reserve as a lieutenant commander of Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service (WAVES).[4] She taught naval history and codes and ciphers to women midshipmen at Smith College until the war's end in 1945. She resumed her professorial duties at Bryn Mawr College and then returned to the Northern Tlingit region of Alaska in the 1950s, leading to her "comprehensive three-volume monograph...considered [to be] the authoritative work on the Yakutat Tlingit." Although retired in 1975, de Laguna remained active in her profession through a trip to Upernavik, Greenland (resulting in the completion of George Thornton Emmons' The Tlingit Indians [1991]), volunteer work for the U.S. Forest Service in Alaska, and the establishment of the Frederica de Laguna Northern Books Press.[6]

De Laguna also worked as an Associate Soil Conservationist in 1935 and 1936 on the Pima Indian Reservation, Arizona; as a teacher at an archaeological field school in 1941 under the sponsorship of Bryn Mawr College and the Museum of Northern Arizona; and as a visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania from 1947 to 1949 and from 1972 to 1976 and at the University of California, Berkeley from 1959 to 1960 and from 1972 to 1973.[6] Over 5,000 objects collected during her anthropological career are housed in the collections of the Penn Museum.[9]

Selected works

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References

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  1. ^ Roth, Bill. "Frederica de Laguna in 1993". 1993. JPEG file.
  2. ^ a b Woolf, Linda M. "Frederica de Laguna". Women's Intellectual Contributions to the Study of Mind and Body. Webster University. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  3. ^ Hirst, K. Kris. "Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna [1906–2004]". About.com Archaeology. About.com. Archived from the original on 22 May 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  4. ^ a b Ginanni, Glaudia. "Founder of BMC Anthropology Department Dies at 98". Bryn Mawr Now. Bryn Mawr College. Archived from the original on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  5. ^ "Frederica de Laguna".
  6. ^ a b c d e f Wang, Lorain. "Biographical Note" (PDF). Register to the Papers of Frederica de Laguna. National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
  7. ^ Davis, Fremont (1937-03-18). "Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna (1906–2004), standing and talking at meeting with Kaj Birket-Smith (1893–1977)". Smithsonian Institution Archives. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  8. ^ Laguna, Wallace De (1963). Geology of Brookhaven National Laboratory and Vicinity, Suffolk County New York. U.S. Government Printing Office.
  9. ^ "Search Digital Collections "1" - Penn Museum". www.penn.museum. Retrieved 2020-03-27.
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