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[[File:Jezero Klinje (Gacko) 44.jpg|thumb|200px|Klinje lake]] |
[[File:Jezero Klinje (Gacko) 44.jpg|thumb|200px|Klinje lake]] |
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[[File:Gacko polje 2007.jpg|thumb|200px|Gacko karst field]] |
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[[File:Gacko – View 1.jpg|thumb|250px|Gacko]] |
[[File:Gacko – View 1.jpg|thumb|250px|Gacko]] |
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'''Gacko''' ({{lang-sr-cyrl|Гацко}}) is a town and municipality |
'''Gacko''' ({{lang-sr-cyrl|Гацко}}) is a town and municipality in [[Republika Srpska]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. It is situated in the region of [[East Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|East Herzegovina]]. As of 2013, the town has a population of 5,784 inhabitants, while the municipality has 8,990 inhabitants. |
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== Geography == |
== Geography == |
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The municipality covers an area of {{convert|736|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, making it one of the |
The municipality covers an area of {{convert|736|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}}, making it one of the largest municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. |
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The town is near the state border with [[Montenegro]]. |
The town is near the state border with [[Montenegro]]. |
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In the 14th century the region was governed by the powerful [[Vojinović noble family|Vojinović family]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Fine|first=John Van Antwerp Jr.|author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=1994|isbn=978-0-472-08260-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hh0Bu8C66TsC|page=53}}</ref> |
In the 14th century the region was governed by the powerful [[Vojinović noble family|Vojinović family]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Fine|first=John Van Antwerp Jr.|author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.|title=The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=1994|isbn=978-0-472-08260-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hh0Bu8C66TsC|page=53}}</ref> |
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In 1359, ''veliki čelnik'' [[Dimitrije (veliki čelnik)|Dimitrije]] |
In 1359, ''veliki čelnik'' [[Dimitrije (veliki čelnik)|Dimitrije]] controlled the region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Glas|volume=78–80|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dsU0AQAAIAAJ|year=1908|publisher=SANU|page=196}}</ref> |
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===Ottoman period=== |
===Ottoman period=== |
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The rebels were defeated at the [[field of Gacko]]. |
The rebels were defeated at the [[field of Gacko]]. This was ultimately due to the lack of foreign support.<ref name=Corovic-Preokret>{{cite book|last=Ćorović|first=Vladimir|author-link=Vladimir Ćorović|year=2001|orig-year=1997|title=Историја српског народа|url=http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-bl/istorija/corovic/istorija/index.html|chapter=Преокрет у држању Срба|chapter-url=http://www.rastko.rs/rastko-bl/istorija/corovic/istorija/6_5.html|language=sr|publisher=Јанус|location=[[Belgrade]]}}</ref> |
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===Modern history=== |
===Modern history=== |
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[[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] authorities took it over in 1878, a decision which was made at the Berlin Congress. In 1908, Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina sparking the [[Bosnian |
[[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] authorities took it over in 1878, a decision which was made at the [[Congress of Berlin|Berlin Congress]]. In 1908, Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina sparking the [[Bosnian Crisis]], which eventually led to [[World War I]]. |
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After |
After the war, Gacko joined the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs|State of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]], and later the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] by the end of 1918. These were the first moments of [[Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia's]] existence. |
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Croatian fascist [[Ustaše]] movement committed the [[Gacko massacre]] on 4 June 1941. In response, on 6 June 1941 the rebels from Gacko under command of Orthodox priest [[Radojica Perišić]] started the uprising against the genocidal [[Independent State of Croatia]] known as [[June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina]]. The communist historiography intentionally ignored pre-22 June rebels in Eastern Herzegovina and [[ |
The Croatian fascist [[Ustaše]] movement committed the [[Gacko massacre]] on 4 June 1941. In response, on 6 June 1941 the rebels from Gacko under the command of Orthodox priest [[Radojica Perišić]] started the uprising against the genocidal [[Independent State of Croatia]] known as the [[June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina]]. The communist historiography intentionally ignored the pre-22 June rebels in Eastern Herzegovina and [[May 1941 Sanski Most revolt|Sanski Most]], because they occurred in the period of collaboration between the communists and fascists, therefore contradicting the communist narrative about rebels being led by communists.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mandić |first1=Petar |title=Prva puška hercegovačka |url=https://www.novosti.rs/vesti/naslovna/reportaze/aktuelno.293.html:610805-Prva-puska-hercegovacka |website=Novosti |publisher=Večernje Novosti |access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref> On the other hand, the first Partisan battalion established in Gacko at the end of 1941 was named "6th June" in honor of the first date of the uprising.<ref>{{cite book|title=Književnost|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tvESAQAAMAAJ|year=2004|publisher=Prosveta|page=7|quote=Да је овај Устанак почео 6. а не 7. јуна, зна се и по томе што се први партизански батаљон, који је настао у Гацку крајем 1941. године, звао Батаљон 6. јун}}</ref> During the period after the [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]], the Gacko municipality proclaimed 6 June as their holiday in honor of the beginning of the uprising and held public ceremonies on 6 June named the ''Day of Gacko''.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Crnogorac |first1=Svetozar |title=DAN ZA ISTORIJU – 6. JUN 1941: Hercegovci započeli prvi ustanak u porobljenoj Evropi |url=https://www.herceg.tv/drustvo/3521/dan-za-istoriju-6-jun-1941-hercegovci-zapoceli-prvi-ustanak-u-porobljenoj-evropi |website=Herceg TV |access-date=28 April 2020}}</ref> |
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During the [[Bosnian War]] most of the non-[[Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Serb]] population of Gacko and [[East Herzegovina]] was driven out or murdered by the [[Army of Republika Srpska|VRS]] and affiliated Serb nationalist paramilitary<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mackic |first=Erna |title=War Crimes Shrouded in Silence in East Herzegovina |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2010/03/04/war-crimes-shrouded-in-silence-in-east-herzegovina/ |access-date=May 2, 2024 |website=Balkan Insight}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Dzidic |first=Denis |date=May 20, 2019 |title=Bosnia Charges Ex-Policeman with Abusing, Killing Bosniaks |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2019/05/20/bosnia-charges-ex-policeman-with-abusing-killing-bosniaks/ |website=Balkan Insight}}</ref> groups during the creation of the then self-declared [[Republika Srpska (1992–1995)|Republika Srpska]] entity. |
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==Settlements== |
==Settlements== |
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==Economy== |
==Economy== |
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[[File:Jezero Klinje (Gacko) 41.jpg|thumb|[[Dam]] on [[Klinje Lake]] is the biggest in the municipality]] |
[[File:Jezero Klinje (Gacko) 41.jpg|thumb|The [[Dam]] on the [[Klinje Lake]] is the biggest in the municipality]] |
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[[File:Gacko – Power Plant 2.jpg|thumb|200px|Gacko Power Plant]] |
[[File:Gacko – Power Plant 2.jpg|thumb|200px|Gacko Power Plant]] |
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The [[Gacko coal mine]] and thermoelectric powerplant is located the municipality, and is also the largest employer in the area. |
The [[Gacko coal mine]] and thermoelectric powerplant is located in the municipality, and is also the largest employer in the area. |
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The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in |
The following table gives a preview of the total number of registered people employed in professional fields per their core activity (as of 2018):<ref name="stats2018">{{cite web |title=Cities and Municipalities of Republika Srpska |url=http://www2.rzs.rs.ba/static/uploads/bilteni/gradovi_i_opstine_republike_srpske/2019/Gradovi_I_Opstine_Republike_Srpske_2019_WEB.pdf |website=rzs.rs.ba |publisher=Republika Srspka Institute of Statistics |access-date=31 December 2019 |date=25 December 2019}}</ref> |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;" |
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|- |
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! Professional field |
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! Activity |
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! Total |
! Total |
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== |
== Sporta == |
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The local [[Football team|football club]], [[FK Mladost Gacko]], plays in the [[First League of the Republika Srpska]]. |
The local [[Football team|football club]], [[FK Mladost Gacko]], plays in the [[First League of the Republika Srpska]]. |
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Volleyball teams, both men's and women's, are among the most successful in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the women's volleyball team being vice champions multiple times, also winning the Cup of Republika Srpska once. |
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==Notable people== |
==Notable people== |
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* [[Vule Avdalović]], basketball player |
* [[Vule Avdalović]], basketball player |
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* [[Nemanja Gordić]], basketball player |
* [[Nemanja Gordić]], basketball player |
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* [[Sava Vladislavich]] |
* [[Sava Vladislavich|Sava Vladislavić]], diplomat |
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* [[Bogdan Zimonjić]] |
* [[Bogdan Zimonjić]], priest and [[Voivode|vojvoda]] (military commander) |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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* {{Cite book|last=Bataković|first=Dušan T.|title=The Serbs of Bosnia & Herzegovina: History and Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3xpAAAAMAAJ|date=1996|publisher=Dialogue Association}} |
* {{Cite book|last=Bataković|first=Dušan T.|title=The Serbs of Bosnia & Herzegovina: History and Politics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k3xpAAAAMAAJ|date=1996|publisher=Dialogue Association|isbn=978-2-911527-10-4 }} |
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* HadžiMuhamedović, Safet (2018) ''[http://www.berghahnbooks.com/title/HadziMuhamedovicWaiting Waiting for Elijah: Time and Encounter in a Bosnian Landscape]''. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books. |
* HadžiMuhamedović, Safet (2018) ''[http://www.berghahnbooks.com/title/HadziMuhamedovicWaiting Waiting for Elijah: Time and Encounter in a Bosnian Landscape]''. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books. |
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Revision as of 09:56, 9 May 2024
Gacko
Гацко | |
---|---|
Town and municipality | |
Coordinates: 43°10′N 18°32′E / 43.167°N 18.533°E | |
Country | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Entity | Republika Srpska |
Geographical region | Herzegovina |
Boroughs | 71 (as of 2008) |
Government | |
• Municipal mayor | Ognjen Milinković (SNSD) |
• Municipality | 735.88 km2 (284.12 sq mi) |
Population (2013 census) | |
• Town | 5,784 |
• Municipality | 8,990 |
• Municipality density | 12/km2 (32/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Area code | 59 |
Gacko (Serbian Cyrillic: Гацко) is a town and municipality in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the region of East Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town has a population of 5,784 inhabitants, while the municipality has 8,990 inhabitants.
Geography
The municipality covers an area of 736 km2 (284 sq mi), making it one of the largest municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The town is near the state border with Montenegro.
History
Middle Ages
In the 14th century the region was governed by the powerful Vojinović family.[1]
In 1359, veliki čelnik Dimitrije controlled the region.[2]
Ottoman period
The rebels were defeated at the field of Gacko. This was ultimately due to the lack of foreign support.[3]
Modern history
Austro-Hungarian authorities took it over in 1878, a decision which was made at the Berlin Congress. In 1908, Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina sparking the Bosnian Crisis, which eventually led to World War I.
After the war, Gacko joined the State of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, and later the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by the end of 1918. These were the first moments of Yugoslavia's existence.
The Croatian fascist Ustaše movement committed the Gacko massacre on 4 June 1941. In response, on 6 June 1941 the rebels from Gacko under the command of Orthodox priest Radojica Perišić started the uprising against the genocidal Independent State of Croatia known as the June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina. The communist historiography intentionally ignored the pre-22 June rebels in Eastern Herzegovina and Sanski Most, because they occurred in the period of collaboration between the communists and fascists, therefore contradicting the communist narrative about rebels being led by communists.[4] On the other hand, the first Partisan battalion established in Gacko at the end of 1941 was named "6th June" in honor of the first date of the uprising.[5] During the period after the Fall of the Berlin Wall, the Gacko municipality proclaimed 6 June as their holiday in honor of the beginning of the uprising and held public ceremonies on 6 June named the Day of Gacko.[6]
During the Bosnian War most of the non-Serb population of Gacko and East Herzegovina was driven out or murdered by the VRS and affiliated Serb nationalist paramilitary[7][8] groups during the creation of the then self-declared Republika Srpska entity.
Settlements
Aside from the town of Gacko, the municipality includes the following settlements:
- Avtovac
- Bahori
- Bašići
- Berušica
- Brajićevići
- Branilovići
- Cernica
- Čemerno
- Danići
- Dobrelji
- Domrke
- Donja Bodežišta
- Dramešina
- Dražljevo
- Drugovići
- Dubljevići
- Fojnica
- Gareva
- Gornja Bodežišta
- Gračanica
- Gradina
- Hodinići
- Igri
- Izgori
- Jabuka
- Jasenik
- Jugovići
- Kazanci
- Ključ
- Kokorina
- Kravarevo
- Kula
- Lipnik
- Lončari
- Luka
- Lukovice
- Ljeskov Dub
- Medanići
- Međuljići
- Mekavci
- Melečići
- Miholjače
- Mjedenik
- Mrđenovići
- Muhovići
- Nadinići
- Novi Dulići
- Platice
- Poda
- Pridvorica
- Pržine
- Ravni
- Rudo Polje
- Samobor
- Slivlja
- Soderi
- Srđevići
- Stambelići
- Stari Dulići
- Stepen
- Stolac
- Šipovica
- Šumići
- Ulinje
- Višnjevo
- Vratkovići
- Vrba
- Zagradci
- Zurovići
- Žanjevica
Demographics
Population
Population of settlements – Gacko municipality | ||||||||||||||
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Settlement | 1879. | 1885. | 1895. | 1910. | 1921. | 1931. | 1948. | 1953. | 1961. | 1971. | 1981. | 1991. | 2013. | |
Total | 9,295 | 10,582 | 12,675 | 15,107 | 13,667 | 15,235 | 14,424 | 14,628 | 13,296 | 12,033 | 10,279 | 10,788 | 8,990 | |
1 | Avtovac | 594 | 261 | |||||||||||
2 | Dobrelji | 143 | 257 | |||||||||||
3 | Gacko | 1,527 | 5,911 | 1,368 | 1,604 | 2,602 | 4,584 | 5,784 | ||||||
4 | Lipnik | 253 | 214 | |||||||||||
5 | Miholjače | 334 | 604 |
Ethnic composition
Ethnic composition – Gacko town | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013. | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. | ||||
Total | 5,784 (100,0%) | 4,584 (100,0%) | 2,602 (100,0%) | 1,604 (100,0%) | |||
Bosniaks | 2,253 (49,15%) | 1,235 (47,46%) | 776 (48,38%) | ||||
Serbs | 2,144 (46,77%) | 1,100 (42,28%) | 776 (48,38%) | ||||
Others | 81 (1,767%) | 10 (0,384%) | 6 (0,374%) | ||||
Yugoslavs | 78 (1,702%) | 207 (7,955%) | 15 (0,935%) | ||||
Croats | 28 (0,611%) | 17 (0,653%) | 10 (0,623%) | ||||
Montenegrins | 31 (1,191%) | 20 (1,247%) | |||||
Macedonians | 1 (0,038%) | ||||||
Albanians | 1 (0,038%) | ||||||
Slovenes | 1 (0,062%) |
Ethnic composition – Gacko municipality | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013. | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. | ||||
Total | 8,990 (100,0%) | 10,788 (100,0%) | 10,279 (100,0%) | 12,033 (100,0%) | |||
Serbs | 8,556 (95,17%) | 6,661 (61,74%) | 6,215 (60,46%) | 7,634 (63,44%) | |||
Bosniaks | 369 (4,105%) | 3,858 (35,76%) | 3,424 (33,31%) | 4,184 (34,77%) | |||
Others | 50 (0,556%) | 156 (1,446%) | 22 (0,214%) | 33 (0,274%) | |||
Croats | 15 (0,167%) | 29 (0,269%) | 21 (0,204%) | 15 (0,125%) | |||
Yugoslavs | 84 (0,779%) | 380 (3,697%) | 20 (0,166%) | ||||
Montenegrins | 215 (2,092%) | 142 (1,180%) | |||||
Macedonians | 1 (0,010%) | 3 (0,025%) | |||||
Albanians | 1 (0,010%) | 1 (0,008%) | |||||
Slovenes | 1 (0,008%) |
Economy
The Gacko coal mine and thermoelectric powerplant is located in the municipality, and is also the largest employer in the area.
The following table gives a preview of the total number of registered people employed in professional fields per their core activity (as of 2018):[9]
Professional field | Total |
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Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 28 |
Mining and quarrying | 682 |
Manufacturing | 31 |
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 1,246 |
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 129 |
Construction | 230 |
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 155 |
Transportation and storage | 78 |
Accommodation and food services | 75 |
Information and communication | 16 |
Financial and insurance activities | 21 |
Real estate activities | - |
Professional, scientific and technical activities | 15 |
Administrative and support service activities | 2 |
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 183 |
Education | 185 |
Human health and social work activities | 79 |
Arts, entertainment and recreation | 39 |
Other service activities | 36 |
Total | 3,230 |
Sporta
The local football club, FK Mladost Gacko, plays in the First League of the Republika Srpska.
Volleyball teams, both men's and women's, are among the most successful in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the women's volleyball team being vice champions multiple times, also winning the Cup of Republika Srpska once.
Notable people
- Admir Ćatović, footballer
- Nemanja Supić, footballer
- Vukašin Višnjevac, football coach
- Vule Avdalović, basketball player
- Nemanja Gordić, basketball player
- Sava Vladislavić, diplomat
- Bogdan Zimonjić, priest and vojvoda (military commander)
See also
References
- ^ Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1994). The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. University of Michigan Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-472-08260-5.
- ^ Glas. Vol. 78–80. SANU. 1908. p. 196.
- ^ Ćorović, Vladimir (2001) [1997]. "Преокрет у држању Срба". Историја српског народа (in Serbian). Belgrade: Јанус.
- ^ Mandić, Petar. "Prva puška hercegovačka". Novosti. Večernje Novosti. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ^ Književnost. Prosveta. 2004. p. 7.
Да је овај Устанак почео 6. а не 7. јуна, зна се и по томе што се први партизански батаљон, који је настао у Гацку крајем 1941. године, звао Батаљон 6. јун
- ^ Crnogorac, Svetozar. "DAN ZA ISTORIJU – 6. JUN 1941: Hercegovci započeli prvi ustanak u porobljenoj Evropi". Herceg TV. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
- ^ Mackic, Erna. "War Crimes Shrouded in Silence in East Herzegovina". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
- ^ Dzidic, Denis (20 May 2019). "Bosnia Charges Ex-Policeman with Abusing, Killing Bosniaks". Balkan Insight.
- ^ "Cities and Municipalities of Republika Srpska" (PDF). rzs.rs.ba. Republika Srspka Institute of Statistics. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2019.
Bibliography
- Bataković, Dušan T. (1996). The Serbs of Bosnia & Herzegovina: History and Politics. Dialogue Association. ISBN 978-2-911527-10-4.
- HadžiMuhamedović, Safet (2018) Waiting for Elijah: Time and Encounter in a Bosnian Landscape. New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books.