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{{Short description|Neighbourhood in Miami, Florida, US}}

{{use mdy dates|date=January 2012}}
{{use mdy dates|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
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|leader_name1 = Keon Hardemon
|leader_name1 = Keon Hardemon
|leader_title2 = [[Florida House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
|leader_title2 = [[Florida House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]
|leader_name2 = [[Cynthia Stafford]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) and [[Dotie Joseph]] (D)
|leader_name2 = [[Ashley V. Gantt]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]) and [[Dotie Joseph]] (D)
|leader_title3 = [[Florida State Senate|State Senate]]
|leader_title3 = [[Florida State Senate|State Senate]]
|leader_name3 = [[Larcenia Bullard]] (D) and [[Oscar Braynon]] (D)
|leader_name3 = [[Shevrin "Shev" Jones]] (D)
|leader_title4 = [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House]]
|leader_title4 = [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House]]
|leader_name4 = [[Frederica Wilson]] (D)
|leader_name4 = [[Frederica Wilson]] (D)
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Construction of [[Interstate 95 in Florida]] in Overtown and declining use of restrictive covenants in the wake of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] dramatically altered the neighborhood into the 1960s. Increasing numbers of lower-income elderly and [[Aid to Families with Dependent Children|welfare-dependent families]] migrated to Liberty City after their displacement primarily from [[inner city]] Overtown, turning the area into a dangerous ghetto, leading to large-scale [[black flight]] of middle- and [[upper class|higher-income]] blacks and other blacks like [[West Indian American]]s largely to suburban areas like [[Florida City, Florida|Florida City]] and [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] in southern and northern [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Dade County]], respectively.
Construction of [[Interstate 95 in Florida]] in Overtown and declining use of restrictive covenants in the wake of the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964]] dramatically altered the neighborhood into the 1960s. Increasing numbers of lower-income elderly and [[Aid to Families with Dependent Children|welfare-dependent families]] migrated to Liberty City after their displacement primarily from [[inner city]] Overtown, turning the area into a dangerous ghetto, leading to large-scale [[black flight]] of middle- and [[upper class|higher-income]] blacks and other blacks like [[West Indian American]]s largely to suburban areas like [[Florida City, Florida|Florida City]] and [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]] in southern and northern [[Miami-Dade County, Florida|Dade County]], respectively.


Crime grew prevalent in the increasingly poverty-stricken area in the immediate post–[[civil rights movement]] era of the 1960s and 1970s. The ensuing problems of the poor and disenfranchised grew most apparent and notable in [[race riot]]s that occurred in Liberty City in August 1968 during the [[1968 Republican National Convention|Republican National Convention]] in Miami Beach, and in May 1980 following the acquittal of police officers charged with the killing of [[Arthur McDuffie]].
Crime grew prevalent in the increasingly poverty-stricken area{{Clarify|reason=Describe relationship between poverty and criminal behaviour. it is unfair to stigmatise poor people as criminals.|date=August 2022}} in the immediate post–[[civil rights movement]] era of the 1960s and 1970s. The ensuing problems of the poor and disenfranchised grew most apparent and notable in [[race riot]]s that occurred in Liberty City in August 1968 during the [[1968 Republican National Convention|Republican National Convention]] in Miami Beach, and in May 1980 following the acquittal of police officers charged with the killing of [[Arthur McDuffie]]


The plight of inner-city black Miamians increasingly came to be highlighted in national press into the 1980s as the [[University of Miami]] [[Miami Hurricanes football|Hurricanes football team]] won several [[AP National Championship Trophy|national college football championship]]s led by players recruited mostly from black, lower-income neighborhoods such as Liberty City and Overtown. National exposure continued with the popularity of nationally broadcast programs such as the [[NBC]] crime drama ''[[Miami Vice]]'', which brought the deteriorating conditions of the area to greater prominence.
The plight of inner-city black Miamians increasingly came to be highlighted in national press into the 1980s as the [[University of Miami]] [[Miami Hurricanes football|Hurricanes football team]] won several [[AP National Championship Trophy|national college football championship]]s led by players recruited mostly from black, lower-income neighborhoods such as Liberty City and Overtown. National exposure continued with the popularity of nationally broadcast programs such as the [[NBC]] crime drama ''[[Miami Vice]]'', which brought the deteriorating conditions of the area to greater prominence.


Into the 1990s and 2000s, music grew to reflect the area, with locals such as [[Luther Campbell]] of [[2 Live Crew]] pioneering the [[Miami bass]] genre, which dominated [[Southern hip hop]] during the decade. Other music and sports talents rose to national prominence from the area such as rappers [[Trina]] and [[Trick Daddy]] and [[National Football League|NFL]] players [[Chad Ochocinco|Chad "Ocho Cinco" Johnson]], [[Antonio Brown]], and [[Willis McGahee]].
Into the 1990s and 2000s, music grew to reflect the area, with locals such as [[Luther Campbell]] of [[2 Live Crew]] pioneering the [[Miami bass]] genre, which dominated [[Southern hip hop]] during the decade. Other music and sports talents rose to national prominence from the area such as rappers [[Trina]] and [[Trick Daddy]], [[National Basketball Association|NBA]] player [[Udonis Haslem]] and [[National Football League|NFL]] players [[Chad Ochocinco|Chad "Ocho Cinco" Johnson]], [[Antonio Brown]], and [[Willis McGahee]].


== Gentrification ==
== Gentrification ==
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[[Miami-Dade County Public Schools]] operates area public schools:
[[Miami-Dade County Public Schools]] operates area public schools:


===Public Schools===
===Public schools===


===Elementary schools===
===Elementary schools===
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*Charles R. Drew K-8 Center
*Charles R. Drew K-8 Center
*Lillie C. Evans K-8 Center
*Lillie C. Evans K-8 Center
*Georgia Jones Ayers Middle School
*Jose De Diego Middle School
*Miami Springs Middle School


===High schools===
===High schools===
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==Notable people==
==Notable people==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Barry Jenkins]]
*[[DJ Uncle Al]]
⚫
*[[Teddy Bridgewater]], NFL quarterback
⚫
*[[Ian Richards (judge)|Ian Richards]]
⚫
*[[Antonio Brown]], NFL wide receiver
⚫
*[[Wilkie D. Ferguson, Jr.]]
⚫
*[[Les Brown (speaker)|Leslie C. Brown]], motivational speaker
⚫
*[[M. Athalie Range]]
⚫
*[[Artie Burns]], NFL cornerback for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
⚫
*[[Les Brown (speaker)|Leslie C. Brown]], motivational speaker
⚫
*[[Carrie P. Meek]]
*[[Luther Campbell]]
*[[Luther Campbell]]
⚫
*[[Rakeem Cato]], CFL quarterback
⚫
*[[Ky-mani Marley]]
*[[Darlyne Chauve]]
*[[Darlyne Chauve]]
⚫
*[[Amari Cooper]], NFL wide receiver for the [[Cleveland Browns]]
⚫
*[[Elvis Dumervil]], linebacker for the [[Baltimore Ravens]] of the [[NFL]]
⚫
*[[Wilkie D. Ferguson]]
⚫
*[[Marcus Forston]]
⚫
*[[Devonta Freeman]], NFL Running back [[Atlanta Falcons]]
⚫
*JT, member of American rap duo [[City Girls]]
⚫
*[[Jacki-O]]
⚫
*[[Jacory Harris]]
*[[Udonis Haslem]]
*[[Udonis Haslem]]
⚫
*[[T. Y. Hilton]], NFL wide receiver for the [[Indianapolis Colts]]
⚫
*[[Mickey Rourke]]
⚫
*[[Bershawn Jackson]]
⚫
*[[Barry Jenkins]]
*[[Darnell Jenkins]]
⚫
*[[Chad Johnson]], NFL wide receiver
⚫
*[[George Jung]], depicted in the movie ''[[Blow (film)|Blow]]''
⚫
*[[Ky-Mani Marley]]
⚫
*[[John Marks (mayor)|John Marks]], mayor of [[Tallahassee]]
*[[Tarell Alvin McCraney]], playwright
*[[Tarell Alvin McCraney]], playwright
⚫
*[[Carrie Meek]]
*[[Montel Vontavious Porter]]
*[[Montel Vontavious Porter]]
⚫
*[[M. Athalie Range]]
⚫
*[[Ian Richards (judge)|Ian Richards]]
⚫
*[[Eli Rogers]], NFL wide receiver for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
*[[Calvin Ross]], Miami police chief
⚫
*[[Mickey Rourke]]
⚫
*[[Sean Spence]], NFL linebacker
*[[Trick Daddy]]
*[[Trick Daddy]]
*[[Trina (rapper)|Trina]]
*[[Trina (rapper)|Trina]]
*[[Erica Wheeler (basketball)|Erica Wheeler]], WNBA player
⚫
*JT, member of American rap duo [[City Girls]]
⚫
*[[Chad Johnson (wide receiver)|Chad Johnson]], NFL wide receiver
⚫
*[[Bershawn Jackson]]
*[[Rakeem Cato]]
⚫
*[[Jacki-O]]
⚫
*[[Darnell Jenkins]]
*[[Betty Wright]]
*[[Betty Wright]]
⚫
*[[Purvis Young]], visual artist
⚫
*[[Marcus Forston]]
⚫
*[[Jacory Harris]]
⚫
*[[Sean Spence]], NFL linebacker
⚫
*[[Teddy Bridgewater]], NFL quarterback
⚫
*[[John Marks (mayor)|John Marks]], Mayor of [[Tallahassee]]
*[[DJ Uncle Al]]
⚫
*[[George Jung]]-lived in Liberty City in 1987 which was shown in the movie ''[[Blow (film)|Blow]]''
⚫
*[[Rakeem Cato]], CFL quarterback
⚫
*[[Elvis Dumervil]], linebacker for the [[Baltimore Ravens]] of the [[NFL]]
⚫
*[[Antonio Brown]], NFL wide receiver
⚫
*[[Artie Burns]], NFL cornerback for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
⚫
*[[Amari Cooper]], NFL wide receiver for the [[Dallas Cowboys]]
⚫
*[[Eli Rogers]], NFL wide receiver for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
⚫
*[[T. Y. Hilton]], NFL wide receiver for the [[Indianapolis Colts]]
⚫
*[[Devonta Freeman]], NFL Running back [[Atlanta Falcons]]
⚫
*[[Purvis Young]], self-taught visual artist
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


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*[[New Covenant Presbyterian Church (Miami, Florida)|New Covenant Presbyterian Church of Miami]]
*[[New Covenant Presbyterian Church (Miami, Florida)|New Covenant Presbyterian Church of Miami]]


==Further reading==
==References==
⚫
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
*{{cite news
*{{cite news
|title=Tired of Gang Violence, Students Walked Out of Class. Even That Was Dangerous
|title=Tired of Gang Violence, Students Walked Out of Class. Even That Was Dangerous
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|newspaper=[[New York Times]]
|newspaper=[[New York Times]]
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/03/us/liberty-city-school-walkout-miami-gun-violence.html}}
|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/03/us/liberty-city-school-walkout-miami-gun-violence.html}}

==References==
⚫
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category|Liberty City}}
{{Commons category|Liberty City}}
*[https://www.motherjones.com/photo/2007/05/fitting_tribute-10.html Photo Essay: Fitting Tribute by Hank Willis Thomas]
*[https://www.motherjones.com/photo/2007/05/fitting_tribute-10.html "Photo Essay: Fitting Tribute by Hank Willis Thomas"], ''[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]'', May 2007

*[https://thehotelsbooking.com/is-miami-safe/ Is Miami Safe?]


{{Miami Neighborhoods}}
{{Miami Neighborhoods}}
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{{coord|25.831801|-80.224829|display=title}}
{{coord|25.831801|-80.224829|display=title}}
[[Category:1930s establishments in Florida]]
[[Category:1930s establishments in Florida]]
[[Category:African-American history in Miami]]
[[Category:Neighborhoods in Miami]]
[[Category:Neighborhoods in Miami]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1930s]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1930s]]
[[Category:African-American history in Miami]]
[[Category:Liberty City (Miami)| ]]

Revision as of 00:12, 7 May 2024

Liberty City
Neighborhood of Miami
Liberty City mural
Liberty City mural
Nickname: 
Model City (historic name)
The Liberty City neighborhood in Miami
The Liberty City neighborhood in Miami
Country United States
State Florida
CountyMiami-Dade County
CityMiami
Government
 • City of Miami CommissionerJeffrey Watson
 • Miami-Dade CommissionersKeon Hardemon
 • House of RepresentativesAshley V. Gantt (D) and Dotie Joseph (D)
 • State SenateShevrin "Shev" Jones (D)
 • U.S. HouseFrederica Wilson (D)
Elevation
3 m (10 ft)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total19,725
 • Density3,733/km2 (9,669/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC-05 (EST)
ZIP Code
33125, 33127, 33142, 33147, 33150
Area code(s)305, 786

Liberty City is a neighborhood in Miami, Florida, United States. The area is roughly bound by NW 79th Street to the north, NW 27th Avenue to the west, the Airport Expressway to the South, and Interstate 95 to the east. The neighborhood is home to one of the largest concentrations of African Americans in South Florida, as of the 2000 census.[1][2] Although it was often known as "Model City" both historically and by the City of Miami government, residents more commonly call it Liberty City.

It is serviced by the Miami Metrorail at Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza and Brownsville stations along NW 27th Avenue.

History

Once part of the sparsely populated outskirts of northern Miami, what became Liberty City developed during the Great Depression of the 1930s when President Franklin D. Roosevelt authorized the construction of the Liberty Square housing project in 1933, the first of its kind in the Southern United States. Built as a response to the deteriorating housing conditions in densely populated and covenant-restricted slums of Overtown, construction on the initial housing project began in 1934 and it opened in 1937.

Into the 1940s and 1950s, the growing Liberty City and adjacent Brownsville thrived as a middle-income black American community, hosting several churches, hospitals, and community centers. The area served as home to prominent figures such as Kelsey Pharr, M. Athalie Range (the first black American elected to serve on the Miami city commission) and boxer Muhammad Ali. Although segregation laws prohibited black Americans from resting and residing in popular Miami Beach, service establishment and resorts such as the Hampton House Motel and Villas catered to and entertained the likes of notables such as Martin Luther King Jr., Althea Gibson, and even whites such as Mickey Mantle.

Construction of Interstate 95 in Florida in Overtown and declining use of restrictive covenants in the wake of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 dramatically altered the neighborhood into the 1960s. Increasing numbers of lower-income elderly and welfare-dependent families migrated to Liberty City after their displacement primarily from inner city Overtown, turning the area into a dangerous ghetto, leading to large-scale black flight of middle- and higher-income blacks and other blacks like West Indian Americans largely to suburban areas like Florida City and Miami Gardens in southern and northern Dade County, respectively.

Crime grew prevalent in the increasingly poverty-stricken area[clarification needed] in the immediate post–civil rights movement era of the 1960s and 1970s. The ensuing problems of the poor and disenfranchised grew most apparent and notable in race riots that occurred in Liberty City in August 1968 during the Republican National Convention in Miami Beach, and in May 1980 following the acquittal of police officers charged with the killing of Arthur McDuffie

The plight of inner-city black Miamians increasingly came to be highlighted in national press into the 1980s as the University of Miami Hurricanes football team won several national college football championships led by players recruited mostly from black, lower-income neighborhoods such as Liberty City and Overtown. National exposure continued with the popularity of nationally broadcast programs such as the NBC crime drama Miami Vice, which brought the deteriorating conditions of the area to greater prominence.

Into the 1990s and 2000s, music grew to reflect the area, with locals such as Luther Campbell of 2 Live Crew pioneering the Miami bass genre, which dominated Southern hip hop during the decade. Other music and sports talents rose to national prominence from the area such as rappers Trina and Trick Daddy, NBA player Udonis Haslem and NFL players Chad "Ocho Cinco" Johnson, Antonio Brown, and Willis McGahee.

Gentrification

Climate change is affecting the value of flood-prone real estate in Miami.[3] Miami neighborhoods with higher elevations such as Liberty City are experiencing increasing real estate values.[4] By 2017, Liberty City, along with Little Haiti, started becoming more attractive to investors.[5][4] A community land trust is planned to maintain affordability for current residents.[6] Home prices appreciated more slowly in 2018 in Miami Beach and lower-elevation areas of Miami-Dade County.[3]

Demographics

In 2000, Liberty City had a population of 23,009[7] and 43,054[8] residents, with 7,772 households, and 5,428 families residing in the neighborhood. The median household income was $18,809.87. The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 94.69% Black, 3.04% Hispanic or Latino of any nationality, 1.68% Other races (non-Hispanic), and 0.59% White.[7]

The zip codes for the Liberty City include 33127, 33142, 33147, and 33150. The area covers 5.968 square miles (15.46 km2). In 2000, there were 19,286 males and 23,768 females. The median age for males was 25.9 years, while the median age for females was 30.3 years. The average household size had 3.1 people, while the average family size had 3.7 members. The percentage of married-couple families (among all households) was 20.3%, while the percentage of married-couple families with children (among all households) was 9.1%, and the percentage of single-mother households (among all households) was 33.1%. The percentage of never-married males 15 years old and over was 21.9%, while the percentage of never-married females 15 years old and over was 29.7%.[8]

In 2000, 2.7% of the population spoke little to no English. The percentage of residents born in Florida was 74.5%, the percentage of people born in another U.S. state was 16.7%, and the percentage of native residents but born outside the U.S. was 0.8%, while the percentage of foreign born residents was 7.9%.[8]

Education

Miami-Dade County Public Schools operates area public schools:

Public schools

Elementary schools

  • Lillie C. Evans K-8 Center
  • Poinciana Park Elementary School
  • Liberty City Elementary School
  • Holmes Elementary School
  • Charles R. Drew K-8 Center
  • Agenoria S. Paschal/Olinda Elementary School
  • Orchard Villa Elementary School
  • Lenora Braynon Smith Elementary School
  • Kelsey L. Pharr Elementary School
  • Earlington Heights Elementary School
  • Shadowlawn Elementary School
  • Thena B. Crowder Elementary School

Middle schools

  • Brownsville Middle School
  • Charles R. Drew K-8 Center
  • Lillie C. Evans K-8 Center
  • Georgia Jones Ayers Middle School
  • Jose De Diego Middle School
  • Miami Springs Middle School

High schools

Colleges

Libraries

Miami-Dade Public Library operates area public libraries:

  • Model City Library

Transportation

The Miami Metrorail services the neighborhood at the following stations:

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ "City of Miami-NET: Model City (Liberty City)" (PDF). www.ci.miami.fl.us. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 29, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  2. ^ Liberty City neighborhood, detailed profile
  3. ^ a b Morris, David Z (April 21, 2018). "Climate Change Is Already Depressing the Price of Flood-Prone Real Estate". Fortune. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  4. ^ a b Olick, Diana (August 29, 2019). "Rising Risks: 'Climate gentrification' is changing Miami real estate values – for better and worse". CNBC. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  5. ^ Luscombe, Richard (August 29, 2017). "How climate change could turn US real estate prices upside down". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved February 16, 2020.
  6. ^ Stewart, Ian; Garcia-Navarro, Lulu (March 31, 2019). "Building For An Uncertain Future: Miami Residents Adapt To The Changing Climate". NPR.org. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  7. ^ a b "Demographics of Liberty City Miami, FL". miamigov.com. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved June 11, 2008.
  8. ^ a b c "Demographics of Liberty City, Miami, FL". city-data. Retrieved September 7, 2009.

Further reading

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberty City.


25°49′54″N 80°13′29″W / 25.831801°N 80.224829°W / 25.831801; -80.224829

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