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{{short description|River in South Africa}}
{{About|the river in [[Gauteng]], [[North West Province, South Africa|North West]] and [[Limpopo]] provinces|the tributary of the Komati River|Crocodile River (Mpumalanga)}}
{{About|the river in [[Gauteng]], [[North West Province, South Africa|North West]] and [[Limpopo]] provinces|the tributary of the Komati River|Crocodile River (Mpumalanga)}}
{{Infobox river
{{Geobox
| name = Crocodile River
| River
| native_name = {{lang-tn|Oodi}}
| name = Crocodile River
| native_name_lang =
| nick name = Krokodilrivier
| name_other =
| etymology =
| name_etymology =
| country = [[South Africa]]
<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->
| region = [[Gauteng]], [[North West Province, South Africa|North West]] and [[Limpopo]]
| image = Krokodilrivier, a, Phalandingwe.jpg
|region_type = [[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]
| image_size =
| image =ISS019-E-14058crocodile.jpg
| image_caption =[[NASA]] picture of the Crocodile River south of [[Thabazimbi]]
| image_caption = Crocodile River at [[Pelindaba]], [[North West (South African province)|North West]]
| map =
<!-- *** River locations *** -->
| map_size =
| source = [[Constantia Kloof]]
| map_caption =
| source_location = Near [[Witpoortjie]], [[Witwatersrand]] | source_region = [[Gauteng Province]]| source_country =
| pushpin_map = South Africa
| source_elevation =
| pushpin_map_size =
| source_lat_d = | source_lat_m = | source_lat_s = | source_lat_NS =
| pushpin_map_caption= Location of the Crocodile River's mouth
| source_long_d = | source_long_m = | source_long_s = | source_long_EW =
<!---------------------- LOCATION -->
| source1 =
| subdivision_type1 = Country
| source1_location = | source1_region = | source1_country =
| subdivision_name1 = [[South Africa]]
| source1_elevation =
| subdivision_type2 =
| source1_lat_d = | source1_lat_m = | source1_lat_s = | source1_lat_NS =
| subdivision_name2 =
| source1_long_d = | source1_long_m = | source1_long_s = | source1_long_EW =
| subdivision_type3 = [[Provinces of South Africa|Province]]
| source_confluence =
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gauteng]], [[North West Province, South Africa|North West]] and [[Limpopo]]
| source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_region = | source_confluence_country =
| subdivision_type4 =
| source_confluence_elevation =
| subdivision_name4 =
| source_confluence_lat_d = | source_confluence_lat_m = | source_confluence_lat_s = | source_confluence_lat_NS =
| subdivision_type5 =
| source_confluence_long_d = | source_confluence_long_m = | source_confluence_long_s = | source_confluence_long_EW =
| subdivision_name5 =
| mouth = [[Marico River]]
<!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->
| mouth_location = [[Limpopo Province]]| mouth_region = South Africa/[[Botswana]] border| mouth_country =
| mouth_elevation =
| width_min =
| width_avg =
| mouth_lat_d = 24| mouth_lat_m = 11| mouth_lat_s = 27| mouth_lat_NS =S
| width_max =
| mouth_long_d = 26| mouth_long_m = 52| mouth_long_s =22 | mouth_long_EW =E
| depth_min =
<!-- *** Dimensions *** -->
| depth_avg =
| length =
| width =
| depth_max =
| discharge1_location=
| depth =
| discharge1_min =
| volume =
| discharge1_avg =
| watershed = 29572
| discharge =
| discharge1_max =
<!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->
| discharge_max =
| source1 = [[Witwatersrand]]
| discharge_min =
| source1_location = Witpoortjie, [[Gauteng]]
<!-- *** Free fields *** -->
| source1_coordinates= {{Coord|-26.123|27.830|format=dms|display=i}}
| free = | free_type =
| source1_elevation = {{convert|1710|m|abbr=on}}
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| mouth = [[Limpopo River]]
| map = South Africa physical map.svg
| mouth_location = Dwaalboom, [[Limpopo]]
| map_caption = Location of the Crocodile River's mouth
| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|24|11|27|S|26|52|22|E|display=i}}
| map_background =
| mouth_elevation = {{convert|872|m|abbr=on}}
| map_locator = South Africa
| progression = [[Limpopo River]] → [[Indian Ocean]]
| map_locator_x =
| length = {{convert|423|km|abbr=on}}
| map_locator_y =
| river_system =
<!-- *** Website *** -->
| basin_size = {{convert|29572|km2|abbr=on}}
| website =
| tributaries_left =
| commons =
| tributaries_right =
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| custom_label =
| footnotes =
| custom_data =
| extra =
}}
}}
The '''Crocodile River''' ({{lang-tn|Oodi}},<ref>{{Cite journal | url=https://www.academia.edu/7147078 | title=Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920 | journal=Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930 | pages=21–46 | last1=Morton | first1=Fred }}</ref> {{lang-af|Krokodilrivier}}) is a river in [[South Africa]]. At its confluence with the [[Marico River]], the [[Limpopo River]] is formed.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]</ref>
[[File:South Africa-Hartbeespoot dam05.jpg|thumb|left|View of the [[Hartbeespoort Dam]]]]

The '''Crocodile River''' ({{lang-af|Krokodilrivier}}) is a river in [[South Africa]]. After the confluence with the [[Marico River]], both rivers form the [[Limpopo River]].<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]</ref>
==Course==
==Course==
[[File:ISS019-E-14058crocodile.jpg|190px|thumb|left|[[NASA]] picture of the Crocodile River south of [[Thabazimbi]]]]
The Crocodile River has its source in the [[Witwatersrand]] mountain range, originating in [[Constantia Kloof]], [[Roodepoort]], [[Gauteng]] province. The first dam it fills is Heia Safari Ranch Dam just west of the [[Lanseria]] Airport. Just north of this airport the [[Jukskei River]] joins its forces. Further downstream into the [[North West Province, South Africa|North West]] two large dams are to be found in the river, namely [[Hartbeespoort Dam]]<ref>[http://196.3.165.92/damhistory.aspx Hartbeespoort Dam History]</ref> and [[Roodekoppies Dam]]. Just past the Hartbeespoort Dam, it passes the town of [[Brits, North West|Brits]]. The [[Elands River]] joins its left bank just downstream from the [[Vaalkop Dam]], about 20&nbsp;km further the [[Pienaars River]] joins its right bank, shortly after exiting the [[Klipvoor Dam]].
The Crocodile River has its [[River source|source]] in the [[Witwatersrand]] ridge, originating in [[Constantia Kloof]], [[Roodepoort]], [[Gauteng]] province. The first dam on the river is the Lake Heritage Dam just west of [[Lanseria International Airport]]. Just north of this airport is its confluence with the [[Jukskei River]]. Further downstream into the [[North West (South African province)|North West province]] are the [[Hartbeespoort Dam]]<ref>[http://196.3.165.92/damhistory.aspx Hartbeespoort Dam History] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120707124108/http://196.3.165.92/damhistory.aspx |date=2012-07-07 }}</ref> and the [[Roodekoppies Dam]]. Beyond the Hartbeespoort Dam, the stream passes the town of [[Brits, North West|Brits]]. The [[Elands River (North West)|Elands River]] joins downstream from the [[Vaalkop Dam]], about 20&nbsp;km further the [[Pienaars River]] joins its right bank, shortly after exiting the [[Klipvoor Dam]].


In the [[Limpopo Province]], about 35&nbsp;km further, the Crocodile River passes the town of [[Thabazimbi]] and meanders for many miles through a sparsely inhabited area before joining the [[Marico River]] at the limit of [[North West (South African province)|North West Province]] to form the start of the [[Limpopo River]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Projects/MCWAP/documents/EIAphase1Appendices/Appendix%20H/Appendix%20H3/Mokolo%20Crocodile%20Water%20Augmentation%20Project%20-%20Report.pdf Mokolo and Crocodile River (West)]</ref>
In [[Limpopo]] province, about 35&nbsp;km further, the river passes the town of [[Thabazimbi]] and meanders for many kilometres through a sparsely inhabited area before joining the Marico River just west of Rooibokkraal at the limit of North West province to form the start of the Limpopo River.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Projects/MCWAP/documents/EIAphase1Appendices/Appendix%20H/Appendix%20H3/Mokolo%20Crocodile%20Water%20Augmentation%20Project%20-%20Report.pdf Mokolo and Crocodile River (West)]</ref>


==Tributaries==
The tributaries of the Crocodile River include the Bloubankspruit, [[Hennops River]], [[Jukskei River]], Magalies River, Sterkstroom River, Rosespruit, Skeerpoort River, Kareespruit, [[Elands River]], Bierspruit River and Sundays River.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]</ref>


The [[Tributary|tributaries]] of the Crocodile River include the Bloubankspruit, [[Hennops River]], [[Jukskei River]], Magalies River, Sterkstroom River, Rosespruit, Skeerpoort River, Kareespruit, [[Elands River (North West)|Elands River]], Bierspruit River and Sundays River.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]</ref>
== Dams in the river basin==

The Crocodile River is part of the [[Crocodile (West) and Marico Water Management Area]]. Dams in the river basin are:
==Pollution==
[[File:Hartbeespoort Dam, North West (South Africa).jpg|thumb|Massive growth of [[water hyacinth]] deteriorating the water quality of [[Hartbeespoort Dam]]]]
The Crocodile River is one of the most polluted river systems in [[South Africa]]. The effects of pollution from two of South Africa's metropolitan areas, [[Johannesburg]] and [[City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality|Tshwane]], has been detrimental to the ecology of the system. Untreated [[Industrial waste|industrial]], [[Pit water|mining]], [[Green waste|agricultural]] and [[Municipal solid waste|household waste]] has deteriorated the water quality throughout most of its course and led to massive [[algal bloom]]s in the Hartbeespoort Dam and Roodekoppies Dam. Invasive plant species have negatively affected the integrity of the system. Unsustainable farming practices have led to [[sediment]] overloads and erosion further harming the river.

== Dams==
[[File:South Africa-Hartbeespoot dam05.jpg|thumb|right|View of the [[Hartbeespoort Dam]]]]
The Crocodile River is part of the Crocodile (West) and Marico Water Management Area. Dams in the river basin are:
* [[Hartbeespoort Dam]]
* [[Hartbeespoort Dam]]
* [[Roodekoppies Dam]]
* [[Roodekoppies Dam]]
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* [[Bon Accord Dam]] and [[Leeukraal Dam]], in the [[Apies River]]
* [[Bon Accord Dam]] and [[Leeukraal Dam]], in the [[Apies River]]
* [[Klipvoor Dam]] and [[Roodeplaat Dam]], in the Pienaars/[[Moretele River]]
* [[Klipvoor Dam]] and [[Roodeplaat Dam]], in the Pienaars/[[Moretele River]]
*[[Vaalkop Dam]], in the [[Elands River]]
*[[Vaalkop Dam]], in the [[Elands River (North West)|Elands River]]
*[[Bospoort Dam]], in the [[Hex River]]
*[[Bospoort Dam]], in the [[Hex River (Elands River)|Hex River (Matshukubjana)]]


== See also ==
== See also ==
*[[Drainage basin A]]
* [[Drainage basin A]]
* [[List of rivers of South Africa]]
* [[List of rivers of South Africa]]
* [[List of reservoirs and dams in South Africa]]
* [[List of reservoirs and dams in South Africa]]

== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category|Crocodile River (West)|Crocodile River}}
*[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Overview of the Crocodile (West)/Marico Water Management Area]
*[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf Overview of the Crocodile (West)/Marico Water Management Area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419184646/http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/crocwestmarico_05/crocwestmarico_05_a4.pdf |date=2018-04-19 }}
*[https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za/handle/10210/2008 Natural and anthropogenic influences on water quality: an example from rivers draining the Johannesburg Granite Dome]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064627/https://ujdigispace.uj.ac.za/handle/10210/2008 Natural and anthropogenic influences on water quality: an example from rivers draining the Johannesburg Granite Dome]
*[http://www.togoto.co.za/index.asp?PID=2&fu=ReadArticle&gid=121&Issue=6 A river runs through Limpopo Province]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120317153330/http://www.togoto.co.za/index.asp?pid=2 A river runs through Limpopo Province]
*[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500007&script=sci_arttext The influence of land use on water quality and diatom community structures in urban and agriculturally stressed rivers]
*[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500007&script=sci_arttext The influence of land use on water quality and diatom community structures in urban and agriculturally stressed rivers]
[[Category:Crocodile River (West)| ]]


{{Greater Johannesburg|natural}}
[[af:Krokodilrivier (Wes)]]

[[pt:Rio Crocodile (Limpopo)]]
[[Category:Crocodile River (Limpopo)| ]]
[[Category:Rivers of Gauteng]]
[[Category:Rivers of North West (South African province)]]
[[Category:Rivers of Limpopo]]
[[Category:Tributaries of the Limpopo River]]

Revision as of 15:03, 6 May 2024

This article is about the river in Gauteng, North West and Limpopo provinces. For the tributary of the Komati River, see Crocodile River (Mpumalanga).
Crocodile River
Crocodile River at Pelindaba, North West
Crocodile River (Limpopo) is located in South Africa
Crocodile River (Limpopo)
Location of the Crocodile River's mouth
Native nameTemplate:Lang-tn Error {{native name checker}}: parameter value is malformed (help)
Location
CountrySouth Africa
ProvinceGauteng, North West and Limpopo
Physical characteristics
SourceWitwatersrand
 • locationWitpoortjie, Gauteng
 • coordinates26°07′23″S 27°49′48″E / 26.123°S 27.830°E / -26.123; 27.830
 • elevation1,710 m (5,610 ft)
MouthLimpopo River
 • location
Dwaalboom, Limpopo
 • coordinates
24°11′27″S 26°52′22″E / 24.19083°S 26.87278°E / -24.19083; 26.87278
 • elevation
872 m (2,861 ft)
Length423 km (263 mi)
Basin size29,572 km2 (11,418 sq mi)
Basin features
ProgressionLimpopo River → Indian Ocean

The Crocodile River (Template:Lang-tn,[1] Afrikaans: Krokodilrivier) is a river in South Africa. At its confluence with the Marico River, the Limpopo River is formed.[2]

Course

NASA picture of the Crocodile River south of Thabazimbi

The Crocodile River has its source in the Witwatersrand ridge, originating in Constantia Kloof, Roodepoort, Gauteng province. The first dam on the river is the Lake Heritage Dam just west of Lanseria International Airport. Just north of this airport is its confluence with the Jukskei River. Further downstream into the North West province are the Hartbeespoort Dam[3] and the Roodekoppies Dam. Beyond the Hartbeespoort Dam, the stream passes the town of Brits. The Elands River joins downstream from the Vaalkop Dam, about 20 km further the Pienaars River joins its right bank, shortly after exiting the Klipvoor Dam.

In Limpopo province, about 35 km further, the river passes the town of Thabazimbi and meanders for many kilometres through a sparsely inhabited area before joining the Marico River just west of Rooibokkraal at the limit of North West province to form the start of the Limpopo River.[4]

Tributaries

The tributaries of the Crocodile River include the Bloubankspruit, Hennops River, Jukskei River, Magalies River, Sterkstroom River, Rosespruit, Skeerpoort River, Kareespruit, Elands River, Bierspruit River and Sundays River.[5]

Pollution

Massive growth of water hyacinth deteriorating the water quality of Hartbeespoort Dam

The Crocodile River is one of the most polluted river systems in South Africa. The effects of pollution from two of South Africa's metropolitan areas, Johannesburg and Tshwane, has been detrimental to the ecology of the system. Untreated industrial, mining, agricultural and household waste has deteriorated the water quality throughout most of its course and led to massive algal blooms in the Hartbeespoort Dam and Roodekoppies Dam. Invasive plant species have negatively affected the integrity of the system. Unsustainable farming practices have led to sediment overloads and erosion further harming the river.

Dams

View of the Hartbeespoort Dam

The Crocodile River is part of the Crocodile (West) and Marico Water Management Area. Dams in the river basin are:

See also

References

  1. ^ Morton, Fred. "Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920". Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930: 21–46.
  2. ^ Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin
  3. ^ Hartbeespoort Dam History Archived 2012-07-07 at archive.today
  4. ^ Mokolo and Crocodile River (West)
  5. ^ Crocodile/Marico WMA 3
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