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{{short description|American chemist and Nobel laureate (born 1945)}}
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{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Richard Schrock
| name = Richard R. Schrock
| birth_name = Richard Royce Schrock
| birth_name = Richard Royce Schrock
| image = R. Schrock 2012.jpg
| image = R. Schrock 2012.jpg
| image_size =
| image_size =
| caption = Richard Schrock during the Opening Ceremony of 44th International Chemistry Olympiad
| caption = Richard Schrock during the Opening Ceremony of 44th International Chemistry Olympiad (2012)
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=y|1945|01|04}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=y|1945|01|04}}
| birth_place = [[Berne, Indiana]], [[United States]]
| birth_place = [[Berne, Indiana]], [[United States]]
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| field = [[Chemistry]]
| field = [[Chemistry]]
| work_institutions = {{Plainlist|
| work_institutions = {{Plainlist|
* [[DuPont]]
* [[DuPont]]
* [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]
* [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]]
* [[University of Cambridge]]}}
* [[University of Cambridge]]
* [[University of California, Riverside]]}}
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
| alma_mater = {{Plainlist|
* [[University of California, Riverside]] (BA)
* [[University of California, Riverside]] (BA)
* [[Harvard University]] (PhD)}}
* [[Harvard University]] (PhD)}}
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| thesis_year = 1972
| thesis_year = 1972
| thesis_url = https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/76998410
| thesis_url = https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/76998410
| doctoral_advisor = John A. Osborn
| doctoral_advisor = [[John A. Osborn]] ([[:fr:John A. Osborn|fr]])
| doctoral_students = [[Christopher C. Cummins]]
| doctoral_students = [[Christopher C. Cummins]] Louis Messerle
| academic_advisors = [[Jack Lewis, Baron Lewis of Newnham|Jack Lewis]] (post doctoral)
| known_for = {{Plainlist|
| known_for = {{Plainlist|
* [[Organic chemistry]]
* [[Organic chemistry]]
* [[Metathesis reaction]]}}
* [[Olefin metathesis]] reactions}}
| influences =
| influences =
| influenced =
| influenced =
| prizes = {{Plainlist|
| prizes = {{Plainlist|
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (2005)
* [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] (2005)
* [[Fred Basolo|Basolo Medal]] (2007)<ref name=basolo/>
* [[Fred Basolo|Basolo Medal]] (2007)<ref name=basolo/>
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|ForMemRS]] (2008)<ref name=frs>{{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316060617/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/|archivedate=2015-03-16|url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London|title=Fellows of the Royal Society}}</ref>}}
* [[Fellow of the Royal Society|ForMemRS]] (2008)<ref name=frs>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316060617/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/|archive-date=March 16, 2015|url=https://royalsociety.org/about-us/fellowship/fellows/|publisher=[[Royal Society]]|location=London|title=Fellows of the Royal Society}}</ref>}}
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
| website = {{URL|http://web.mit.edu/rrs/www/home.html}}
| website = {{URL|http://web.mit.edu/rrs/www/home.html}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Nancy Carlson|1971}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Nancy Carlson|1971}}
| children= two
| children = 2
}}
}}


'''Richard Royce Schrock''' (born January 4, 1945) is an American chemist and [[Nobel laureate]] recognized for his contributions to the [[olefin metathesis]] reaction used in [[organic chemistry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005|publisher=Nobelprize.org}}</ref><ref name="Mansuy2005">{{cite journal|last1=Mansuy|first1=Daniel|title=Métathèse et catalyse à l’honneur|journal=médecine/sciences|volume=21|issue=11|year=2005|pages=995–997|issn=0767-0974|doi=10.1051/medsci/20052111995|pmid=16274653}}</ref>
'''Richard Royce Schrock''' (born January 4, 1945) is an American chemist and [[Nobel laureate]] recognized for his contributions to the [[olefin metathesis]] reaction used in [[organic chemistry]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/|title=The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005|publisher=Nobelprize.org}}</ref><ref name="Mansuy2005">{{cite journal|last1=Mansuy|first1=Daniel|title=Métathèse et catalyse à l'honneur|journal=Médecine/Sciences|volume=21|issue=11|year=2005|pages=995–997|issn=0767-0974|doi=10.1051/medsci/20052111995|pmid=16274653|doi-access=free}}</ref>


==Education==
==Education==
Born in [[Berne, Indiana]], Schrock went to [[Mission Bay High School]] in [[San Diego, California]]. He holds a B.A. (1967) from the [[University of California, Riverside]] and a Ph. D. (1971) from [[Harvard University]]<ref name="thesis-schrock-1972">{{cite thesis |url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/302685249/ |title=Synthesis and study of some Group VIII transition metal catalysts |date=1972 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |type=Ph.D. |last=Schrock |first=Richard Royce |via=[[ProQuest]] |subscription=yes |oclc=76998410}}</ref> under the direction of John Osborn.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.mit.edu/2018/lifelong-search-new-catalysts-killian-lecture-richard-schrock-0216 |title=A lifelong search for new catalysts: Richard Schrock, trailblazer in organometallic chemistry, delivers annual Killian Lecture |date=February 16, 2018 |work=MIT News Office |first=Anne |last=Trafton}}</ref>
Born in [[Berne, Indiana]], Schrock went to [[Mission Bay High School]] in [[San Diego, California]]. He holds a B.A. (1967) from the [[University of California, Riverside]] and a Ph.D. (1971) from [[Harvard University]]<ref name="thesis-schrock-1972">{{cite thesis |url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/302685249/ |title=Synthesis and study of some Group VIII transition metal catalysts |date=1972 |publisher=[[Harvard University]] |type=Ph.D. |last=Schrock |first=Richard Royce |via=[[ProQuest]] |url-access=subscription |oclc=76998410}}</ref> under the direction of [[John A. Osborn]] ([[:fr:John A. Osborn|fr]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.mit.edu/2018/lifelong-search-new-catalysts-killian-lecture-richard-schrock-0216 |title=A lifelong search for new catalysts: Richard Schrock, trailblazer in organometallic chemistry, delivers annual Killian Lecture |date=February 16, 2018 |work=MIT News Office |first=Anne |last=Trafton}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
Following his PhD, Schrock carried out [[postdoctoral research]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] with Lord [[Jack Lewis, Baron Lewis of Newnham|Jack Lewis]]. In 1972, he was hired by [[DuPont]], where he worked at the [[DuPont Experimental Station|Experimental Station]] in [[Wilmington, Delaware]] in the group of [[George Parshall]]. He joined the faculty of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] in 1975 and became full [[professor]] in 1980.<ref name=autobiog>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/schrock-autobio.html|title=Richard R. Schrock – Autobiography|publisher=Nobelprize.org}}</ref>
Following his PhD, Schrock carried out [[postdoctoral research]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] with [[Jack Lewis, Baron Lewis of Newnham|Jack Lewis]]. In 1972, he was hired by [[DuPont]], where he worked at the [[DuPont Experimental Station|Experimental Station]] in [[Wilmington, Delaware]] in the group of [[George Parshall]]. He joined the faculty of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] in 1975 and became full [[professor]] in 1980.<ref name=autobiog>{{Nobelprize|accessdate=October 11, 2020}}</ref>


He has held his current post, the Frederick G. Keyes Professor of Chemistry, at MIT since 1989. Schrock is a member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] and was elected to the Board of Overseers of Harvard University in 2007.
He has been the Frederick G. Keyes Professor of Chemistry, at MIT since 1989, and is now Professor Emeritus. Schrock is a member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]], [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] and was elected to the Board of Overseers of Harvard University in 2007.


He is co-founder and member of the board of a Swiss-based company focused on the development and application of proprietary metathesis catalyst.<ref name=XimoWebsite>[http://www.ximo-inc.com Website von Ximo AG]. Ximo-inc.com. Retrieved on 2013-01-04.</ref>
He is co-founder and member of the board of a Swiss-based company, XiMo, inc., now owned by Verbio, AG, which is focused on the development and application of proprietary metathesis catalysts.<ref name=XimoWebsite>[http://www.ximo-inc.com Website von Ximo AG]. Ximo-inc.com. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.</ref>

In 2018, Schrock joined the faculty of his alma mater, the [[University of California, Riverside]], where he is now the Distinguished Professor and George K. Helmkamp Founder's Chair of Chemistry. He cited his interest in mentoring junior faculty and students. “My experience as an undergraduate at UCR in research in the laboratory of James Pitts and the quality of the classes in chemistry prepared me for my Ph.D. experience at Harvard.  I look forward to returning to UCR for a few years to give back some of what it gave to me,” Schrock said.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ucrtoday.ucr.edu/54406|title=Nobel Prize Winner to Join UC Riverside Faculty|work=UCR Today|access-date=August 7, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref>

== Research ==
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In 1974 Schrock discovered the alpha hydrogen abstraction reaction, which creates alkylidene complexes from alkyls and alkylidyne complexes from alkylidenes. At MIT Schrock was the first to elucidate the structure and mechanism of so-called 'black box' olefin metathesis catalysts. He showed that the alpha abstraction reaction could be used to prepare molybdenum or tungsten alkylidene and alkylidyne complexes in large variety through ligand variations. Catalysts could then be designed at a molecular level for a given purpose. Schrock has done much work to demonstrate that metallacyclobutanes are the key intermediates in [[olefin metathesis]], while metallacyclobutadienes are the key intermediates in alkyne metathesis. Projects outside of metathesis include elucidating the mechanism of [[nitrogen fixation|dinitrogen fixation]] and developing single molecule catalysts which form ammonia from dinitrogen, mimicking the activity of [[nitrogenase]] enzymes in biology.<ref>Schrock, R. R. [https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5642912-reduction-carbon-monoxide-past-research-summary "Reduction of Carbon Monoxide. Past Research Summary"], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), [[United States Department of Energy]], (1982).</ref><ref>Schrock, R. R. [https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5924493-chemistry-bimetallic-linked-cyclopentadienyl-complexes-progress-report-december-november "Chemistry of Bimetallic Linked Cyclopentadienyl Complexes: Progress Report, December 1, 1986 --November 30, 1989"], Department of Chemistry at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), [[United States Department of Energy]], (1989).</ref><ref>Schrock, R. R. [https://www.osti.gov/biblio/10152711-controlled-synthesis-polyenes-catalytic-methods-progress-report-december-november "Controlled Synthesis of Polyenes by Catalytic Methods. Progress Report, December 1, 1989 – November 30, 1992"], Department of Chemistry at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), [[United States Department of Energy]], (1992).</ref><ref>Schrock, R. R. [https://www.osti.gov/biblio/10108151-controlled-synthesis-polyenes-catalytic-methods-progress-report-december-november "Controlled Synthesis of Polyenes by Catalytic Methods. Progress Report, December 1, 1992 – November 30, 1993"], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), [[United States Department of Energy]], (December 1993).</ref>

Many supporting ligands have been explored in efforts to better understand the nature of the single molecule catalysts, most notably 2,6-diisopropylphenylimido and adamantylimido, as well as various tert-butyl alkoxides with varying degrees of fluorination. The prototypical Schrock catalyst is {{chem2|(R"O)2(R'N)Mo(CHR)}} where R = tert-butyl, R' = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, and R" = {{chem2|C(Me)(CF3)2}}. Such catalysts are now commercially available from such major suppliers as Sigma-Aldrich and XiMo, inc., which is now owned by Verbio, AG, and are used frequently in synthetic applications of olefin metathesis in the laboratory and on a commercial scale. Schrock's work is ongoing with goals of furthering the understanding of metathesis selectivity, developing new catalyst architectures, and elucidating how alkylidenes and alkylidynes are formed naturally from olefins.


==Awards and honors==
==Awards and honors==


===Nobel Prize===
===Nobel Prize===
In 2005, Schrock received the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]], with [[Robert H. Grubbs]] and [[Yves Chauvin]], for his work in the area of [[olefin metathesis]], an [[organic synthesis]] technique. Schrock was the first to elucidate the structure and mechanism of so-called 'black box' olefin metathesis catalysts. Initial work at DuPont involved the synthesis of tantalum alkylidenes, alkylidenes being a crucial resting state in the catalytic cycle of olefin metathesis. His work at MIT has led to a detailed understanding of a group of molybdenum alkylidenes and alkylidynes which are active olefin and alkyne methathesis catalysts, respectively. Schrock has done much work to demonstrate that metallacyclobutanes are the key intermediate in [[olefin metathesis]], with metallacyclobutadienes being the key intermediate in alkyne methathesis.
In 2005, Schrock received the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]], with [[Robert H. Grubbs]] and [[Yves Chauvin]], for his work in the area of [[olefin metathesis]], an [[organic synthesis]] technique.

⚫
Many supporting ligands have been explored in efforts to better understand the nature of the single molecule catalysts, most notably 2,6-diisopropylphenylimido and adamantylimido, as well as various tert-butyl alkoxides with varying degrees of fluorination. The prototypical Schrock catalyst is (R"O)<sub>2</sub>(R'N)Mo(CHR) where R = tert-butyl, R' = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, and R" = C(Me)(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>. Such catalysts are now commercially available from such major suppliers as Sigma-Aldrich, and are used frequently in synthetic applications of olefin metathesis. Schrock's work is ongoing with goals of furthering the understanding of metathesis selectivity, developing new catalyst architectures, as well as projects outside of metathesis, such as elucidating the mechanism of [[nitrogen fixation|dinitrogen fixation]] and developing single molecule catalysts which form ammonia from dinitrogen, mimicking the activity of [[nitrogenase]] enzymes in biology.<ref>Schrock, R. R. [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0150&numPages=95&fp=N "Reduction of Carbon Monoxide. Past Research Summary"], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), [[United States Department of Energy]], (1982).</ref><ref>Schrock, R. R. [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0151&numPages=26&fp=N "Chemistry of Bimetallic Linked Cyclopentadienyl Complexes: Progress Report, 1 December 1986 --30 November 1989"], Department of Chemistry at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), [[United States Department of Energy]], (1989).</ref><ref>Schrock, R. R. [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0152&numPages=16&fp=N "Controlled Synthesis of Polyenes by Catalytic Methods. Progress Report, December 1, 1989 – November 30, 1992"], Department of Chemistry at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), [[United States Department of Energy]], (1992).</ref><ref>Schrock, R. R. [http://www.osti.gov/cgi-bin/rd_accomplishments/display_biblio.cgi?id=ACC0153&numPages=8&fp=N "Controlled Synthesis of Polyenes by Catalytic Methods. Progress Report, December 1, 1992 – November 30, 1993"], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT), [[United States Department of Energy]], (December 1993).</ref>
In addition to the Nobel Prize, Schrock has won numerous awards including:
In addition to the Nobel Prize, Schrock has won numerous awards including:


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{{Div col|colwidth=35em}}
*ACS Award in Organometallic Chemistry (1985)<ref>[http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004542&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=2a807f74-e97f-4fbf-a8fb-295119c9ed6a ACS Award in Organometallic Chemistry]. Portal.acs.org. Retrieved on 2013-01-04. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224115819/http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004542&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=2a807f74-e97f-4fbf-a8fb-295119c9ed6a |date=February 24, 2012 }}</ref>
*ACS Award in Organometallic Chemistry (1985)<ref>[http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004542&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=2a807f74-e97f-4fbf-a8fb-295119c9ed6a ACS Award in Organometallic Chemistry]. Portal.acs.org. Retrieved on January 4, 2013. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224115819/http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004542&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=2a807f74-e97f-4fbf-a8fb-295119c9ed6a |date=February 24, 2012 }}</ref>
*Harrison Howe Award of the Rochester ACS section (1990)<ref>[http://www.chem.rochester.edu/howe/past.php The Harrison Howe Award – Past Recipients]. Chem.rochester.edu. Retrieved on 2013-01-04.</ref>
*Harrison Howe Award of the Rochester ACS section (1990)<ref>[http://www.chem.rochester.edu/howe/past.php The Harrison Howe Award – Past Recipients]. Chem.rochester.edu. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.</ref>
*Alexander von Humboldt Award (1995)<ref>[http://www.humboldt-stiftung.de/web/33300.html Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation – 21 – Chemistry Nobel Prize for two Humboldtians]. Humboldt-stiftung.de. Retrieved on 2013-01-04.</ref>
*Alexander von Humboldt Award (1995)<ref>[http://www.humboldt-stiftung.de/web/33300.html Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation – 21 – Chemistry Nobel Prize for two Humboldtians]. Humboldt-stiftung.de. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.</ref>
*ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry (1996)<ref>[http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004532&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=8a58b1cf-cf7a-4160-9f80-123491f11e82 ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry]. Portal.acs.org. Retrieved on 2013-01-04. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224115907/http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004532&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=8a58b1cf-cf7a-4160-9f80-123491f11e82 |date=February 24, 2012 }}</ref>
*ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry (1996)<ref>[http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004532&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=8a58b1cf-cf7a-4160-9f80-123491f11e82 ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry]. Portal.acs.org. Retrieved on January 4, 2013. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120224115907/http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004532&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=8a58b1cf-cf7a-4160-9f80-123491f11e82 |date=February 24, 2012 }}</ref>
*Bailar Medal from the University of Illinois (1998)<ref>[http://chemistry.illinois.edu/events/lectures/bailar/Bailar_medalists.html Bailar Medalists / Chemistry at Illinois] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704150246/http://www.chemistry.illinois.edu/events/lectures/bailar/Bailar_medalists.html |date=July 4, 2010 }}. Chemistry.illinois.edu. Retrieved on 2013-01-04.</ref>
*Bailar Medal from the University of Illinois (1998)<ref>[http://chemistry.illinois.edu/events/lectures/bailar/Bailar_medalists.html Bailar Medalists / Chemistry at Illinois] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704150246/http://www.chemistry.illinois.edu/events/lectures/bailar/Bailar_medalists.html |date=July 4, 2010 }}. Chemistry.illinois.edu. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.</ref>
*ACS Cope Scholar Award (2001)<ref>[http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004496&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1 Arthur C. Cope Scholar Awards] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811230542/http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004496&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1 |date=August 11, 2011 }}. Portal.acs.org (2012-09-13). Retrieved on 2013-01-04.</ref>
*ACS Cope Scholar Award (2001)<ref>[http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004496&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1 Arthur C. Cope Scholar Awards] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811230542/http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004496&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1 |date=August 11, 2011 }}. Portal.acs.org (September 13, 2012). Retrieved on 2013-01-04.</ref>
*Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson Lecturer and Medalist (2002)<ref>[http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/SirGeoffreyWilkinsonAward/PreviousWinners.asp RSC Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson Award Previous Winners]. Rsc.org. Retrieved on 2013-01-04.</ref>
*Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson Lecturer and Medalist (2002)<ref>[http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/SirGeoffreyWilkinsonAward/PreviousWinners.asp RSC Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson Award Previous Winners]. Rsc.org. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.</ref>
*Sir Edward Frankland Prize Lecturer (2004)<ref>[http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/FranklandAward/PreviousWinners.asp RSC Frankland Award Previous Winners]. Rsc.org. Retrieved on 2013-01-04.</ref>
*Sir Edward Frankland Prize Lecturer (2004)<ref>[http://www.rsc.org/ScienceAndTechnology/Awards/FranklandAward/PreviousWinners.asp RSC Frankland Award Previous Winners]. Rsc.org. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.</ref>
*[[F. Albert Cotton]] Award in Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry (2006)<ref>[http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004489&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=e909a2bc-ca18-492b-a045-41aa9d951481 F. Albert Cotton Award in Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry]. Portal.acs.org (2012-05-14). Retrieved on 2013-01-04.</ref>
*[[F. Albert Cotton]] Award in Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry (2006)<ref>[http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1319&content_id=CTP_004489&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=e909a2bc-ca18-492b-a045-41aa9d951481 F. Albert Cotton Award in Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry]. Portal.acs.org (May 14, 2012). Retrieved on 2013-01-04.</ref>
*Theodore Richards Medal from the Northeast ACS section (2006)<ref>[http://www.nesacs.org/awards/richards-medal/awards_richards-medal_recipients.html Theodore William Richards Medal Recipients] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305061948/http://www.nesacs.org/awards/richards-medal/awards_richards-medal_recipients.html |date=March 5, 2016 }}. nesacs.org</ref>
*Theodore Richards Medal from the Northeast ACS section (2006)<ref>[http://www.nesacs.org/awards/richards-medal/awards_richards-medal_recipients.html Theodore William Richards Medal Recipients] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305061948/http://www.nesacs.org/awards/richards-medal/awards_richards-medal_recipients.html |date=March 5, 2016 }}. nesacs.org</ref>
*August Wilhelm von Hofmann Medal from the German Chemical Society (2005)
*August Wilhelm von Hofmann Medal from the German Chemical Society (2005)
*Basolo Medal (2007)<ref name=basolo>[http://membership.acs.org/c/chicago/basolo_info.html American Chemical Society]. Membership.acs.org. Retrieved on 2013-01-04.</ref>
*Basolo Medal (2007)<ref name=basolo>[http://membership.acs.org/c/chicago/basolo_info.html American Chemical Society]. Membership.acs.org. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.</ref>
* Elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2008|Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2008]].<ref name=frs/>
* Elected a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 2008|Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2008]].<ref name=frs/>
*Chemistry library at the [[University of Sussex]] named in his honour (2013)
*Chemistry library at the [[University of Sussex]] named in his honour (2013)
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==Personal life==
==Personal life==
Schrock married Nancy Carlson in 1971 and has two children, Andrew and Eric. Nancy Schrock was the Thomas F. Peterson, Jr. Conservator of Special Collections for the MIT Libraries from 2006 to 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://libraries.mit.edu/news/files/2015/02/bibliotech-2013-25-2.pdf|title=Bibliotech|last=|first=|date=Fall 2013|work=|access-date=May 1, 2016|via=}}</ref> The family lives in [[Winchester, Massachusetts]].<ref name=autobiog/>
Schrock married Nancy Carlson in 1971 and has two children, Andrew and Eric. Nancy Schrock was the Thomas F. Peterson Jr. Conservator of Special Collections for the MIT Libraries from 2006 to 2013.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://libraries.mit.edu/news/files/2015/02/bibliotech-2013-25-2.pdf|title=Bibliotech|date=Fall 2013|access-date=May 1, 2016}}</ref> The family lives in [[Winchester, Massachusetts]].<ref name=autobiog/>


==References==
==References==
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==External links==
==External links==
{{commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
*{{Nobelprize}} with the Nobel Lecture ''Multiple Metal-Carbon Bonds for Catalytic Metathesis Reactions''
*[http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/schrock_grubbs.html Photograph, Biography and Bibliographic Resources], from the [[Office of Scientific and Technical Information]], [[United States Department of Energy]]
*[http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2005/schrock-lecture.html Schrock Nobel Prize Lecture]
* [http://web.mit.edu/rrs/www/home.html Schrock Research Group]
* [http://web.mit.edu/rrs/www/home.html Schrock Research Group]
* [http://web.mit.edu/chemistry/www/faculty/schrock.html Research Summary]
* [http://web.mit.edu/chemistry/www/faculty/schrock.html Research Summary]
* [http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2005/schrock.html Schrock wins Nobel Prize]
* [http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2005/schrock.html Schrock wins Nobel Prize]
* https://web.archive.org/web/20060907000622/http://www.chemistry.msu.edu/Lectureships/lectures.asp?series=DK&Year=2001
* {{cite web | title=MSU Chemistry | website=Dow/Karabatsos Lectureship | date=7 September 2006 | url=http://www.chemistry.msu.edu/Lectureships/lectures.asp?series=DK&Year=2001 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060907000622/http://www.chemistry.msu.edu/Lectureships/lectures.asp?series=DK&Year=2001 | archive-date=7 September 2006 | url-status=dead | access-date=5 April 2021}}
* [http://www.patentgenius.com/inventor/SchrockRichardR.html Richard R. Schrock Patents]
* [http://www.ucnewswire.org/news_viewer.cfm?story_PK=5214& UC Newswire story on Nobel Prize]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
* [http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/282 A video interview with Richard R. Schrock] @ [[Vega Science Trust]]
* [http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/282 A video interview with Richard R. Schrock] @ [[Vega Science Trust]]
* [https://infinitehistory.mit.edu/video/richard-r-schrock Richard R. Schrock video interview] @ MIT Infinite History
* [https://infinitehistory.mit.edu/video/richard-r-schrock Richard R. Schrock video interview] @ MIT Infinite History
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{{DuPont}}
{{DuPont}}
{{FRS 2008}}
{{FRS 2008}}

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{{Authority control}}


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[[Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:Academics of the University of Cambridge]]
[[Category:American chemists]]
[[Category:21st-century American chemists]]
[[Category:American Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:American Nobel laureates]]
[[Category:Inorganic chemists]]
[[Category:American inorganic chemists]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty]]
[[Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty]]
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[[Category:Alexander von Humboldt Fellows]]

Revision as of 07:19, 6 May 2024

Richard R. Schrock
Richard Schrock during the Opening Ceremony of 44th International Chemistry Olympiad (2012)
Born
Richard Royce Schrock

(1945-01-04) January 4, 1945 (age 79)
Berne, Indiana, United States
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater
Known for
Spouse
Nancy Carlson
​
(m. 1971)​
Children2
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry
Institutions
ThesisSynthesis and study of some Group VIII transition metal catalysts (1972)
Doctoral advisorJohn A. Osborn (fr)
Other academic advisorsJack Lewis (post doctoral)
Doctoral studentsChristopher C. Cummins Louis Messerle
Websiteweb.mit.edu/rrs/www/home.html

Richard Royce Schrock (born January 4, 1945) is an American chemist and Nobel laureate recognized for his contributions to the olefin metathesis reaction used in organic chemistry.[3][4]

Education

Born in Berne, Indiana, Schrock went to Mission Bay High School in San Diego, California. He holds a B.A. (1967) from the University of California, Riverside and a Ph.D. (1971) from Harvard University[5] under the direction of John A. Osborn (fr).[6]

Career

Following his PhD, Schrock carried out postdoctoral research at the University of Cambridge with Jack Lewis. In 1972, he was hired by DuPont, where he worked at the Experimental Station in Wilmington, Delaware in the group of George Parshall. He joined the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975 and became full professor in 1980.[7]

He has been the Frederick G. Keyes Professor of Chemistry, at MIT since 1989, and is now Professor Emeritus. Schrock is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, National Academy of Sciences and was elected to the Board of Overseers of Harvard University in 2007.

He is co-founder and member of the board of a Swiss-based company, XiMo, inc., now owned by Verbio, AG, which is focused on the development and application of proprietary metathesis catalysts.[8]

In 2018, Schrock joined the faculty of his alma mater, the University of California, Riverside, where he is now the Distinguished Professor and George K. Helmkamp Founder's Chair of Chemistry. He cited his interest in mentoring junior faculty and students. “My experience as an undergraduate at UCR in research in the laboratory of James Pitts and the quality of the classes in chemistry prepared me for my Ph.D. experience at Harvard.  I look forward to returning to UCR for a few years to give back some of what it gave to me,” Schrock said.[9]

Research

In 1974 Schrock discovered the alpha hydrogen abstraction reaction, which creates alkylidene complexes from alkyls and alkylidyne complexes from alkylidenes. At MIT Schrock was the first to elucidate the structure and mechanism of so-called 'black box' olefin metathesis catalysts. He showed that the alpha abstraction reaction could be used to prepare molybdenum or tungsten alkylidene and alkylidyne complexes in large variety through ligand variations. Catalysts could then be designed at a molecular level for a given purpose. Schrock has done much work to demonstrate that metallacyclobutanes are the key intermediates in olefin metathesis, while metallacyclobutadienes are the key intermediates in alkyne metathesis. Projects outside of metathesis include elucidating the mechanism of dinitrogen fixation and developing single molecule catalysts which form ammonia from dinitrogen, mimicking the activity of nitrogenase enzymes in biology.[10][11][12][13]

Many supporting ligands have been explored in efforts to better understand the nature of the single molecule catalysts, most notably 2,6-diisopropylphenylimido and adamantylimido, as well as various tert-butyl alkoxides with varying degrees of fluorination. The prototypical Schrock catalyst is (R"O)2(R'N)Mo(CHR) where R = tert-butyl, R' = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, and R" = C(Me)(CF3)2. Such catalysts are now commercially available from such major suppliers as Sigma-Aldrich and XiMo, inc., which is now owned by Verbio, AG, and are used frequently in synthetic applications of olefin metathesis in the laboratory and on a commercial scale. Schrock's work is ongoing with goals of furthering the understanding of metathesis selectivity, developing new catalyst architectures, and elucidating how alkylidenes and alkylidynes are formed naturally from olefins.

Awards and honors

Nobel Prize

In 2005, Schrock received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, with Robert H. Grubbs and Yves Chauvin, for his work in the area of olefin metathesis, an organic synthesis technique. In addition to the Nobel Prize, Schrock has won numerous awards including:

  • ACS Award in Organometallic Chemistry (1985)[14]
  • Harrison Howe Award of the Rochester ACS section (1990)[15]
  • Alexander von Humboldt Award (1995)[16]
  • ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry (1996)[17]
  • Bailar Medal from the University of Illinois (1998)[18]
  • ACS Cope Scholar Award (2001)[19]
  • Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson Lecturer and Medalist (2002)[20]
  • Sir Edward Frankland Prize Lecturer (2004)[21]
  • F. Albert Cotton Award in Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry (2006)[22]
  • Theodore Richards Medal from the Northeast ACS section (2006)[23]
  • August Wilhelm von Hofmann Medal from the German Chemical Society (2005)
  • Basolo Medal (2007)[1]
  • Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2008.[2]
  • Chemistry library at the University of Sussex named in his honour (2013)
  • Schrock carbenes are named in his honour

Personal life

Schrock married Nancy Carlson in 1971 and has two children, Andrew and Eric. Nancy Schrock was the Thomas F. Peterson Jr. Conservator of Special Collections for the MIT Libraries from 2006 to 2013.[24] The family lives in Winchester, Massachusetts.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b American Chemical Society. Membership.acs.org. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.
  2. ^ a b "Fellows of the Royal Society". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on March 16, 2015.
  3. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005". Nobelprize.org.
  4. ^ Mansuy, Daniel (2005). "Métathèse et catalyse à l'honneur". Médecine/Sciences. 21 (11): 995–997. doi:10.1051/medsci/20052111995. ISSN 0767-0974. PMID 16274653.
  5. ^ Schrock, Richard Royce (1972). Synthesis and study of some Group VIII transition metal catalysts (Ph.D.). Harvard University. OCLC 76998410 – via ProQuest.
  6. ^ Trafton, Anne (February 16, 2018). "A lifelong search for new catalysts: Richard Schrock, trailblazer in organometallic chemistry, delivers annual Killian Lecture". MIT News Office.
  7. ^ a b Richard R. Schrock on Nobelprize.org Edit this at Wikidata, accessed 11 October 2020
  8. ^ Website von Ximo AG. Ximo-inc.com. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.
  9. ^ "Nobel Prize Winner to Join UC Riverside Faculty". UCR Today. Retrieved August 7, 2018.
  10. ^ Schrock, R. R. "Reduction of Carbon Monoxide. Past Research Summary", Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States Department of Energy, (1982).
  11. ^ Schrock, R. R. "Chemistry of Bimetallic Linked Cyclopentadienyl Complexes: Progress Report, December 1, 1986 --November 30, 1989", Department of Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States Department of Energy, (1989).
  12. ^ Schrock, R. R. "Controlled Synthesis of Polyenes by Catalytic Methods. Progress Report, December 1, 1989 – November 30, 1992", Department of Chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States Department of Energy, (1992).
  13. ^ Schrock, R. R. "Controlled Synthesis of Polyenes by Catalytic Methods. Progress Report, December 1, 1992 – November 30, 1993", Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), United States Department of Energy, (December 1993).
  14. ^ ACS Award in Organometallic Chemistry. Portal.acs.org. Retrieved on January 4, 2013. Archived February 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ The Harrison Howe Award – Past Recipients. Chem.rochester.edu. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.
  16. ^ Alexander von Humboldt-Foundation – 21 – Chemistry Nobel Prize for two Humboldtians. Humboldt-stiftung.de. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.
  17. ^ ACS Award in Inorganic Chemistry. Portal.acs.org. Retrieved on January 4, 2013. Archived February 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  18. ^ Bailar Medalists / Chemistry at Illinois Archived July 4, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Chemistry.illinois.edu. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.
  19. ^ Arthur C. Cope Scholar Awards Archived August 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Portal.acs.org (September 13, 2012). Retrieved on 2013-01-04.
  20. ^ RSC Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson Award Previous Winners. Rsc.org. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.
  21. ^ RSC Frankland Award Previous Winners. Rsc.org. Retrieved on January 4, 2013.
  22. ^ F. Albert Cotton Award in Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry. Portal.acs.org (May 14, 2012). Retrieved on 2013-01-04.
  23. ^ Theodore William Richards Medal Recipients Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine. nesacs.org
  24. ^ "Bibliotech" (PDF). Fall 2013. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
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