Impact gardening: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Latest revision as of 11:52, 5 May 2024

Impact gardening is the process by which impact events stir the outermost crusts of moons and other celestial objects with no atmospheres. In the particular case of the Moon, this is more often known as lunar gardening. Planetary bodies lacking an atmosphere will generally also lack any erosional processes, with the possible exception of volcanism, and as a result impact debris accumulates at the object's surface as a rough "soil," commonly referred to as regolith. Subsequent impacts, especially by micrometeorites, stir and mix this soil. It had long been estimated that the top centimeter of the lunar surface is overturned every 10 million years.^[1] However, a 2016 analysis by the LRO satellite of impact ejecta coverage puts the figure closer to 80,000 years.^[2]

References

^ Cole, George H. A.; Woolfson, Michael Mark (2002). Planetary Science: The Science of Planets Around Stars. CRC Press. p. 96. ISBN 9780750308151.
^ Speyerer, Emerson J.; Povilaitis, Reinhold Z.; Robinson, Mark S.; Thomas, Peter C.; Wagner, Robert V. (13 October 2016). "Quantifying crater production and regolith overturn on the Moon with temporal imaging". Nature. 538 (7624): 215–218. Bibcode:2016Natur.538..215S. doi:10.1038/nature19829. PMID 27734864. S2CID 4443574.

Hartmann, William K.; Anguita, Jorge; de la Casa, Miguel A.; et al. (2001). "Martian Cratering 7: The role of Impact Gardening". Icarus. 149 (1): 37–51. Bibcode:2001Icar..149...37H. doi:10.1006/icar.2000.6532.
Housen, Kevin R.; Wilkening, Laurel L.; Chapman, Clark R.; et al. (1979). "Asteroidal Regoliths". Icarus. 39 (3): 317–351. Bibcode:1979Icar...39..317H. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(79)90145-3.

This planetary geology-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] Cole, George H. A.; Woolfson, Michael Mark (2002). Planetary Science: The Science of Planets Around Stars. CRC Press. p. 96. ISBN 9780750308151.

[2] Speyerer, Emerson J.; Povilaitis, Reinhold Z.; Robinson, Mark S.; Thomas, Peter C.; Wagner, Robert V. (13 October 2016). "Quantifying crater production and regolith overturn on the Moon with temporal imaging". Nature. 538 (7624): 215–218. Bibcode:2016Natur.538..215S. doi:10.1038/nature19829. PMID 27734864. S2CID 4443574.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Effects of astronomic impacts on crusts of moons and planets}}
 {{Redirect|Lunar gardening|lunar gardening based on moon phases|Agricultural astrology}}
-'''Impact gardening''' is the process by which [[impact event]]s stir the outermost [[crust (geology)|crust]]s of moons and other celestial objects with no [[atmosphere]]s.  In the particular case of the [[Moon]], this is more often known as '''lunar gardening'''.  Planetary bodies lacking an atmosphere will generally also lack any [[erosion]]al processes, with the possible exception of [[volcanism]], and as a result impact debris accumulates at the object's surface as a rough "soil," commonly referred to as [[regolith]].  Subsequent impacts, especially by [[micrometeorite]]s, stir and mix this soil.  It had long been estimated that the top centimeter of the lunar surface is overturned every 10 million years.<ref>{{cite book|author=G. H. A. Cole, M. M. Woolfson|title=Planetary Science: The Science of Planets Around Stars |page=96|date=2002|publisher=[[CRC Press]]}}</ref> However more recent analysis by the [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter|LRO satellite]], of impact ejecta coverage, puts the figure closer to 80,000 years.<ref>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v538/n7624/full/nature19829.html Quantifying crater production and regolith overturn on the Moon with temporal imaging (13 October 2016) doi:10.1038/nature19829 ]</ref>
+'''Impact gardening''' is the process by which [[impact event]]s stir the outermost [[crust (geology)|crust]]s of moons and other celestial objects with no [[atmosphere]]s. In the particular case of the [[Moon]], this is more often known as '''lunar gardening'''.  Planetary bodies lacking an atmosphere will generally also lack any [[erosion]]al processes, with the possible exception of [[volcanism]], and as a result impact debris accumulates at the object's surface as a rough "soil," commonly referred to as [[regolith]]. Subsequent impacts, especially by [[micrometeorite]]s, stir and mix this soil. It had long been estimated that the top centimeter of the lunar surface is overturned every 10 million years.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Cole |first=George H. A. |title=Planetary Science: The Science of Planets Around Stars |last2=Woolfson |first2=Michael Mark |author-link2=Michael Woolfson |date=2002 |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |isbn=9780750308151 |page=[https://archive.org/details/planetaryscience0000cole/page/96 96]}}</ref> However, a 2016 analysis by the [[Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter|LRO satellite]] of impact ejecta coverage puts the figure closer to 80,000 years.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Emerson J. |last1=Speyerer |first2=Reinhold Z. |last2=Povilaitis |first3=Mark S. |last3=Robinson |first4=Peter C. |last4=Thomas |first5=Robert V. |last5=Wagner
+ |journal=Nature |volume=538 |issue=7624 |pages=215–218 |date=13 October 2016  |title=Quantifying crater production and regolith overturn on the Moon with temporal imaging |doi=10.1038/nature19829 |pmid=27734864 |bibcode=2016Natur.538..215S |s2cid=4443574 }}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 6: / Line 8: @@
 ==Further reading==
-*{{cite journal|title=Martian Cratering 7: The role of Impact Gardening|journal=[[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]|doi=10.1006/icar.2000.6532|author=Hartmann|date=2001|volume=149|pages=37–51|bibcode=2001Icar..149...37H|display-authors=1|author2=<Please add first missing authors to populate metadata.>}}
+*{{cite journal |title=Martian Cratering 7: The role of Impact Gardening |journal=[[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]] |doi=10.1006/icar.2000.6532 |last1=Hartmann |first1=William K. |first2=Jorge |last2=Anguita |first3=Miguel A. |last3=de la Casa |first4=Daniel C. |last4=Berman |first5=Eileen V. |last5=Ryan |date=2001 |volume=149 |issue=1 |pages=37–51 |bibcode=2001Icar..149...37H |display-authors=3 }}
-*{{cite journal|title=Asteroidal Regoliths|journal=[[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]]|volume=39|pages=317–351|author=Housen|date=1979|doi=10.1016/0019-1035(79)90145-3|bibcode=1979Icar...39..317H|display-authors=1|last2=Wilkening|first2=Laurel L.|last3=Chapman|first3=Clark R.|last4=Greenberg|first4=Richard|issue=3}}
+*{{cite journal |title=Asteroidal Regoliths |journal=[[Icarus (journal)|Icarus]] |volume=39 |pages=317–351 |last1=Housen |first1=Kevin R. |first2=Laurel L. |last2=Wilkening |first3=Clark R. |last3=Chapman |first4=Richard |last4=Greenberg |date=1979 |doi=10.1016/0019-1035(79)90145-3 |bibcode=1979Icar...39..317H |display-authors=3 |issue=3 }}
 [[Category:Impact geology]]
-{{crater-stub}}
+{{planetary-geology-stub}}