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Pebbles on a shingle beach in Somerset, England

A shingle beach, also known as either a cobble beach or gravel beach, is a commonly narrow beach that is composed of coarse, loose, well-rounded, and waterworn gravel, called shingle. The gravel (shingle) typically consists of smooth, spheroidal to flattened, pebbles, cobbles, and sometimes small boulders, generally in the 20 to 200 millimetres (0.8 to 7.9 in) size range. Shingle beaches typically have a steep slope on both their landward and seaward sides. Shingle beaches form in wave-dominated locations where resistant bedrock cliffs provide gravel-sized rock debris. They are also found in high latitudes and temperate shores where the erosion of Quaternary glacial deposits provide gravel-size rock fragments. This term is most widely used in Great Britain.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Shingle beach at Torrisdale Bay, Argyll and Bute, Scotland

While this type of beach is most commonly found in Europe, examples are also found in Bahrain, North America, and a number of other world regions, such as the west coast of New Zealand's South Island, where they are associated with the shingle fans of braided rivers. Though created at shorelines, post-glacial rebound can raise shingle beaches as high as 200 metres (660 ft) above sea level, as on the High Coast in Sweden.

The ecosystems formed by this association of rock and sand allow colonization by a variety of rare and endangered species.^[4]

Formation

Shingle beaches are typically steep, because the waves easily flow through the coarse, porous surface of the beach, decreasing the effect of backwash erosion and increasing the formation of sediment into a steeply sloping beach.^[5]

Tourism

Shingle beaches are rare, made up of thousands of smooth rocks with varying geological qualities. The ocean naturally smooths the various rocks over time with crashing waves. Shingle beaches are popular for the varying rock types that can be found.

References

^ Neuendorf, Klaus K.E. Mehl, James P., Jr. Jackson, Julia A., 2011. Glossary of Geology (5th Edition). American Geosciences Institute. ISBN 978-1-68015-178-7
^ Narayana, A. C., 2016. Coastal landforms. in Kennish, M.J., ed., pp. 143–157, Encyclopedia of Estuaries. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 978-94-017-8800-7
^ McGraw-Hill, 2002. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Earth Science (2nd edition). The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York. ISBN 978-0-262-51832-1
^ UK's rare shingle beaches at risk, Alex Kirby, BBC News Online, June 3, 2003
^ Easterbrook, Don J. Surface Processes and Landforms. 1999 Prentice-Hall Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

External links

British Geological Survey UKGravelBarriers: Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate

This article about geography terminology is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[NeuendorfOthers2011a-1] Neuendorf, Klaus K.E. Mehl, James P., Jr. Jackson, Julia A., 2011. Glossary of Geology (5th Edition). American Geosciences Institute. ISBN 978-1-68015-178-7

[Narayana2011a-2] Narayana, A. C., 2016. Coastal landforms. in Kennish, M.J., ed., pp. 143–157, Encyclopedia of Estuaries. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands. ISBN 978-94-017-8800-7

[McGraw-Hill2002a-3] McGraw-Hill, 2002. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Earth Science (2nd edition). The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York. ISBN 978-0-262-51832-1

[4] UK's rare shingle beaches at risk, Alex Kirby, BBC News Online, June 3, 2003

[5] Easterbrook, Don J. Surface Processes and Landforms. 1999 Prentice-Hall Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ

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[2]

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{short description|Beach which is armoured with pebbles or small- to medium-sized cobbles}}
 [[File:Valuga Beach.png|thumb|A shingle beach in [[Batanes]], Philippines]]
-[[Image:Pebbleswithquarzite.jpg|right|thumb|Pebbles on a shingle beach in [[Somerset]], England]]
+[[Image:Pebbleswithquarzite.jpg|right|thumb|Pebbles on a shingle beach in [[Somerset]], England]][[File:Shingle Beach in Hillsburn Nova Scotia Canada.jpg|thumb|Shingle Beach in Hillsburn, Nova Scotia, Canada]]
+A '''shingle beach''', also known as either a '''cobble beach''' or '''gravel beach''', is a commonly narrow [[beach]] that is composed of coarse, loose, well-rounded, and waterworn [[gravel]], called ''shingle''. The gravel (shingle) typically consists of smooth, spheroidal to flattened, [[pebble]]s, [[Cobble (geology)|cobbles]], and sometimes small [[boulder]]s, generally in the {{convert|20|to|200|mm|in|1}} size range. Shingle beaches typically have a steep slope on both their landward and seaward sides. Shingle beaches form in wave-dominated locations where resistant [[bedrock]] cliffs provide gravel-sized rock debris. They are also found in high latitudes and temperate shores where the erosion of [[Quaternary]] [[glacial]] deposits provide gravel-size rock fragments. This term is most widely used in [[Great Britain]].<ref name="NeuendorfOthers2011a">Neuendorf, Klaus K.E. Mehl, James P., Jr. Jackson, Julia A., 2011. ''Glossary of Geology'' (5th Edition). American Geosciences Institute. {{ISBN|978-1-68015-178-7}}</ref><ref name="Narayana2011a">Narayana, A. C., 2016. ''Coastal landforms''. in Kennish, M.J., ed., pp. 143–157, ''Encyclopedia of Estuaries''. Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands. {{ISBN|978-94-017-8800-7}}</ref><ref name="McGraw-Hill2002a">McGraw-Hill, 2002. ''McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Earth Science'' (2nd edition). The McGraw-Hill Companies, New York. {{ISBN|978-0-262-51832-1}}</ref>
-A '''shingle beach''' (also referred to as '''rocky beach''' or '''pebble beach''') is a [[beach]] which is [[armor (hydrology)|armoured]] with [[pebble]]s or small- to medium-sized [[Cobble (geology)|cobbles]] (as opposed to fine [[sand]]). Typically, the stone composition may grade from characteristic sizes ranging from {{convert|2|to|200|mm|in|1}} diameter.
 [[Image:Torrisdalebay.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Shingle beach at [[Torrisdale Bay, Argyll|Torrisdale Bay]], [[Argyll and Bute]], Scotland]]
-While this beach [[landform]] is most commonly found in [[Europe]], examples are found in [[Bahrain]], [[Short Beach (Oregon)|North America]] and a number of other world regions, such as the west coast of [[New Zealand]]'s [[South Island]], where they are associated with the shingle fans of [[braided river]]s. Though created at shorelines, [[post-glacial rebound]] can raise shingle beaches as high as {{convert|200|m|ft}} above sea level, as on the [[High Coast]] in Sweden.
+While this type of beach is most commonly found in [[Europe]], examples are also found in [[Bahrain]], [[Short Beach (Oregon)|North America]], and a number of other world regions, such as the west coast of [[New Zealand]]'s [[South Island]], where they are associated with the shingle fans of [[braided river]]s. Though created at shorelines, [[post-glacial rebound]] can raise shingle beaches as high as {{convert|200|m|ft}} above sea level, as on the [[High Coast]] in Sweden.
-The [[ecosystem]]s formed by this unique association of rock and sand allow colonization by a variety of [[rare species|rare]] and [[endangered species]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2956600.stm ''UK's rare shingle beaches at risk'', Alex Kirby, BBC News Online, June 3, 2003]</ref>
+The [[ecosystem]]s formed by this association of rock and sand allow colonization by a variety of [[rare species|rare]] and [[endangered species]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2956600.stm ''UK's rare shingle beaches at risk'', Alex Kirby, BBC News Online, June 3, 2003]</ref>
 ==Formation==
@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
 ==Tourism==
 Shingle beaches are rare, made up of thousands of smooth rocks with varying geological qualities. The ocean naturally smooths the various rocks over time with crashing waves. Shingle beaches are popular for the varying rock types that can be found.
-== Examples ==
-{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
-* [[Alby, Öland|Alby]], Sweden
-* [[Birdling's Flat]], New Zealand
-* [[Brighton]], England
-* [[Chesil Beach]], England
-* [[Dungeness (headland)|Dungeness]], England
-* [[Hillsburn, Nova Scotia]], [[Canada]]
-* [[Humarock|Humarock, Scituate]], Massachusetts
-* Egypt Beach, Scituate, MA United States
-* [[Hawar Islands]], [[Bahrain]]
-* [[Herne Bay, Kent|Herne Bay]], England
-* [[Nice]], France
-* [[Osmussaar]], Estonia
-* [[Slapton Sands]], England
-* [[Short Beach (Oregon)|Short Beach]], Oregon, U.S.
-* [[Southsea]], England
-* [[The Stade]], England
-* [[Sõrve Peninsula]], Estonia
-* [[Zrće]], Croatia
-* [[Jaz Beach]], Montenegro
-{{div col end}}
 ==See also==
-* [[Storm beach]]
 * [[Machair]]
+* [[Storm beach]]
 ==References==
@@ Line 48: / Line 23: @@
 ==Further reading==
-* Chapman, V. J. (2016) [https://books.google.com/books?id=4TngBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=%22coastal+plains%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjcgeutt-jYAhUJl5AKHZhlANMQ6AEI1gEwHw#v=onepage&q=shingle&f=false ''Coastal Vegetation''] chapter 9: Shingle Beaches. Second edition, Elsevier. {{ISBN|9781483279589}}
+* Chapman, V. J. (2016) [https://books.google.com/books?id=4TngBAAAQBAJ&q=shingle&pg=PA150 ''Coastal Vegetation''] chapter 9: Shingle Beaches. Second edition, Elsevier. {{ISBN|978-1-4832-7958-9}}
+== External links ==
+* [https://earthwise.bgs.ac.uk/index.php/Category:Understanding_coastal_protection_by_gravel_barriers_in_a_changing_climate British Geological Survey UKGravelBarriers: Understanding coastal protection by gravel barriers in a changing climate]
 {{coastal geography}}
@@ Line 54: / Line 32: @@
 [[Category:Beaches]]
 [[Category:Coastal geography]]
+{{geo-term-stub}}

v t e Coastal geography
Landforms	Anchialine pool Archipelago Atoll Avulsion Ayre Barrier island Bay Bight Bodden Brackish marsh Cape Channel Cliff Coast Coastal plain Coastal waterfall Continental margin Continental shelf Coral reef Cove Dune cliff-top Estuary Firth Fjard Fjord Freshwater marsh Fundus Gat Geo Gulf Gut Hapua Headland Inlet Intertidal wetland Island Islet Isthmus Lagoon Machair Mudflat Natural arch Peninsula Reef Ria Salt marsh Shoal Shore Skerry Sound Spit Stack Strait Strand plain Submarine canyon Tidal island Tidal marsh Tide pool Tied island Tombolo Waituna Windwatt
Beaches	Beach cusps Beach evolution Coastal morphodynamics Beach ridge Beachrock Beaches in estuaries and bays Pocket beach Raised beach Recession Shell beach Shingle beach Storm beach Wash margin Beach wrack
River mouths	Debouch River delta mega regressive Mouth bar baymouth
Processes	Blowhole Cliffed coast Coastal biogeomorphology Coastal erosion Concordant coastline Current Cuspate foreland Discordant coastline Emergent coastline Feeder bluff Fetch Flat coast Graded shoreline Ingression coast Large-scale coastal behaviour Longshore drift Marine regression Marine transgression Raised shoreline Rip current Rocky shore Sea cave Sea foam Shoal (Peresyp) Steep coast Submergent coastline Surf break Surf zone Surge channel Swash Undertow Volcanic arc Wave-cut platform Wave shoaling Wind wave
Management	Accretion Coastal management Integrated coastal zone management Submersion
Related	Bulkhead line Coastal engineering Grain size boulder clay cobble granule gravel pebble sand shingle silt Intertidal zone Littoral zone Physical oceanography River plume Region of freshwater influence
Category