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{{Short description|Panel painting attributed to Giotto di Bondone}}
{{Expand Italian|Crocifissione di Berlino}}
{{refimprove|date=April 2024}}
[[File:Giotto_di_Bondone_-_Crucifixion_-_WGA09337.jpg|thumb|350px]]
{{Infobox artwork
⚫
The '''Berlin Crucifixion''' is a c.1320 tempera and gold on panel painting attributed to [[Giotto]]. It is now in the [[Gemäldegalerie (Berlin)|Gemäldegalerie]] in Berlin.
| title = Berlin Crucifixion
| image = 1315 di Bondone Die Kreuzigung Christi Gemäldegalerie Kat.Nr. 1074A anagoria.jpg
| alt =
| artist = Attributed to [[Giotto]]
| year = {{circa|1320}} <!-- If after 1583 CE, use {{start date|YYYY}} -->
| height_metric = 58 <!-- (i.e. in metric units) -->
| width_metric = 33
| length_metric =
| diameter_metric =
| metric_unit = cm <!-- Note: this parameter must either use the value given or not be included -->
| imperial_unit = in <!-- Note: this parameter must either use the value given or not be included -->
| museum = [[Gemäldegalerie (Berlin)|Gemäldegalerie]]
| city = Berlin
| owner =
| accession =
}}

⚫
The '''Berlin Crucifixion''' is a [[tempera]] and gold on panel painting that was created {{circa|1320}} and is attributed to [[Giotto]]. It is stored at the [[Gemäldegalerie (Berlin)|Gemäldegalerie]] in Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Die Kreuzigung Christi |url=https://recherche.smb.museum/detail/866946/die-kreuzigung-christi |access-date=2024-04-20 |website=Staatliche Museen zu Berlin}}</ref>

==History==
The first studies of the ''Berlin Crucifixion'' by [[Wilhelm von Bode]] attributed the work to [[Giotto]]. Following critics, like [[Roberto Longhi]] in 1948, have doubted the attribution. Others like [[William Suida]], [[Pietro Toesca]], and [[Richard Offner]] theorized a "Master of the [[Strasbourg Crucifixion]]", placing the ''Berlin Crucifixion'' in relation with other similar small-format works. {{ill|Roberto Salvini|it}}, on the other hand, believed it to be the work of follower of Giotto. In each case, it is believed to be a work from late in Giotto's life, based on the voluminous drapery the painting displays as is seen in the {{ill|Cappella Bardi (Santa Croce)|it}} and {{ill|Cappella Peruzzi|it}}.

==Description==
The scene is a turning point in traditional iconography, after the experimental innovations in the {{ill|Crocifissione (Giotto)|lt=Crucifixion|italic=yes|it}} of Giotto's [[Scrovegni Chapel]] frescoes. The cross of Jesus is lifted from the center of the painting in hieratic splendor from a uniform [[gold ground]]. Sorrowful angels surround the figure of Christ, while [[Mary Magdalene]] (in a red dress) embraces the base of the cross.

Two groups gather at the painting's sides, leaving the center with Christ isolated. At left, the group of women surrounds Mary, who is fainting, and a young girl looks at her worried. [[Saint John the Baptist]] stands at right, with a man on horseback who is raising his arm, a traditional gesture made by those recognizing Jesus as the son of God.

In the depiction, Jesus is thin, almost filament-like. He is far from the sense of gravity given by the almost polemic manner of the {{ill|Crocifisso di Santa Maria Novella|italic=yes|it}}. The figures at the sides of the painting are cut off, giving the impression of a crowd of people larger than those actually represented.


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==
*Edi Baccheschi, ''L'opera completa di Giotto'', Rizzoli, Milano 1977.
*{{citation|first=Edi|last=Baccheschi|title=L'opera completa di Giotto|lang=it|publisher=Rizzoli|location=Milan|date=1977}}
*Luciano Bellosi, 'Giotto', in ''Dal Gotico al Rinascimento'', Scala, Firenze 2003. ISBN 88-8117-092-2
*{{citation|author-link=Luciano Bellosi|first=Luciano|last=Bellosi|title=Giotto|work=Dal Gotico al Rinascimento|lang=it|publisher=Scala|location=Florence|date=2003|ISBN=88-8117-092-2}}

== References ==
<references />
==See also==
* {{ill|Crocifissione (Giotto)|italic=yes|it}}
* ''[[Strasbourg Crucifixion]]''
* ''[[Life of Christ (Giotto)|Life of Christ]]''
* {{ill|Crocifissione con cinque francescani|italic=yes|it}}
* [[Giotto's Crucifix at Santa Maria Novella]]

==External links==
* {{Commons category inline}}

{{Giotto}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Berlin Crucifixion}}
[[category:Paintings by Giotto]]
[[category:Paintings by Giotto]]
[[category:Paintings in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin]]
[[category:Paintings in the Gemäldegalerie, Berlin]]
[[category:1320s paintings]]
[[category:1320s paintings]]
[[category:Crucifixion of Jesus in art]]
[[Category:Paintings of the Crucifixion of Jesus]]
[[category:Paintings depicting Mary Magdalene]]
[[Category:Paintings of Mary Magdalene]]

Latest revision as of 02:00, 2 May 2024

Berlin Crucifixion
ArtistAttributed to Giotto
Yearc. 1320
Dimensions58 cm × 33 cm (23 in × 13 in)
LocationGemäldegalerie, Berlin

The Berlin Crucifixion is a tempera and gold on panel painting that was created c. 1320 and is attributed to Giotto. It is stored at the Gemäldegalerie in Berlin.[1]

History

[edit]

The first studies of the Berlin Crucifixion by Wilhelm von Bode attributed the work to Giotto. Following critics, like Roberto Longhi in 1948, have doubted the attribution. Others like William Suida, Pietro Toesca, and Richard Offner theorized a "Master of the Strasbourg Crucifixion", placing the Berlin Crucifixion in relation with other similar small-format works. Roberto Salvini [it], on the other hand, believed it to be the work of follower of Giotto. In each case, it is believed to be a work from late in Giotto's life, based on the voluminous drapery the painting displays as is seen in the Cappella Bardi (Santa Croce) [it] and Cappella Peruzzi [it].

Description

[edit]

The scene is a turning point in traditional iconography, after the experimental innovations in the Crucifixion  [it] of Giotto's Scrovegni Chapel frescoes. The cross of Jesus is lifted from the center of the painting in hieratic splendor from a uniform gold ground. Sorrowful angels surround the figure of Christ, while Mary Magdalene (in a red dress) embraces the base of the cross.

Two groups gather at the painting's sides, leaving the center with Christ isolated. At left, the group of women surrounds Mary, who is fainting, and a young girl looks at her worried. Saint John the Baptist stands at right, with a man on horseback who is raising his arm, a traditional gesture made by those recognizing Jesus as the son of God.

In the depiction, Jesus is thin, almost filament-like. He is far from the sense of gravity given by the almost polemic manner of the Crocifisso di Santa Maria Novella  [it]. The figures at the sides of the painting are cut off, giving the impression of a crowd of people larger than those actually represented.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Baccheschi, Edi (1977), L'opera completa di Giotto (in Italian), Milan: Rizzoli
  • Bellosi, Luciano (2003), "Giotto", Dal Gotico al Rinascimento (in Italian), Florence: Scala, ISBN 88-8117-092-2

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Die Kreuzigung Christi". Staatliche Museen zu Berlin. Retrieved 2024-04-20.

See also

[edit]
[edit]
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